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Gao X, Xuan Y, Zhou Z, Chen C, Wen Wang D, Wen Z. Ivermectin ameliorates acute myocarditis via the inhibition of importin-mediated nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112073. [PMID: 38636372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is an important clinical issue which lacks specific treatment by now. Ivermectin (IVM) is an inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear translocation. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of IVM on acute myocarditis. METHODS Mouse models of coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3) infection-induced myocarditis and experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) were established to evaluate the effects of IVM. Cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiography and Millar catheter. Cardiac inflammatory infiltration was assessed by histological staining. Cytometric bead array and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The macrophages and their M1/M2 polarization were analyzed via flow cytometry. Protein expression and binding were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and histological staining. The underlying mechanism was verified in vitro using CVB3-infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Cyclic polypeptide (cTN50) was synthesized to selectively inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65, and CVB3-infected RAW264.7 cells were treated with cTN50. RESULTS Increased expression of importin β was observed in both models. IVM treatment improved cardiac functions and reduced the cardiac inflammation associated with CVB3-myocarditis and EAM. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α) levels were downregulated via the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 in macrophages. IVM and cTN50 treatment also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Ivermectin inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and the expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines in myocarditis. The therapeutic effects of IVM on viral and non-viral myocarditis models suggest its potential application in the treatment of acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Yunling Xuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China.
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2
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Xing Z, Zhen Y, Chen J, Du M, Li D, Liu R, Zheng J. KPNA2 Silencing, Regulated by E3 Ubiquitin Ligase FBXW7, Alleviates Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation Through Inhibiting the Nuclear Translocation of p65 and IRF3: A Possible Therapeutic Approach for Atherosclerosis. Inflammation 2023; 46:2071-2088. [PMID: 37432596 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by a maladaptive inflammatory response, is one of the most common causes of death among the elderly. Karyopherin subunit alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the nuclear transport protein family, has been reported to play a pro-inflammatory role in various pathological processes by regulating the nuclear translocation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. However, the function of KPNA2 in AS remains unknown. ApoE-/- mice were fed high-fat diets for 12 weeks to establish an AS mice model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an AS cell model. We found that KPNA2 was upregulated in the aortic roots of atherosclerotic mice and LPS-stimulated cells. KPNA2 knockdown inhibited LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and monocyte-endothelial adhesion in HUVECs, whereas KPNA2 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. p65 and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the transcription factors known to regulate the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, interacted with KPNA2, and their nuclear translocations were blocked following KPNA2 silencing. Furthermore, we found that KPNA2 protein level was decreased by E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7), which was downregulated in the atherosclerotic mice. FBXW7 overexpression induced ubiquitination with subsequent proteasomal degradation of KPNA2. Meanwhile, the effects of KPNA2 deficiency on atherosclerotic lesions were further confirmed by in vivo experiments. Taken together, our study indicates that KPNA2 downregulation, regulated by FBXW7, may alleviate endothelial dysfunction and related inflammation in the progression of AS by suppressing the nuclear translocation of p65 and IRF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao Z, Zhang Y, She Y, Yuan G, Yang G. IPO7 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in human dental pulp cells via p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:116-126. [PMID: 37769576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulpitis is a chronic inflammatory process that greatly affects the physical, mental health and life quality of patients. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) are essential components of dental pulp tissue and play a significant role in pulpitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an initiator of pulpitis and can induce the production of inflammatory cytokines in hDPCs by activating p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Importin7 (IPO7), a member of the importin-β family, is widely expressed in many tissues. Previous studies have shown that IPO7 mediated nuclear translocation of p-p38 after stimulation, and IPO7 homologous protein IPO8 participated in human dental pulp inflammation. This research aims to investigate whether IPO7 is involved in pulpitis and explore its underlying mechanisms. In the current study, we found the expression of IPO7 was increased in pulpitis tissue. In vitro, hDPCs treated with LPS to mimic the inflammatory environment, the expression of IPO7 was increased. Knockdown of IPO7 significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Activating the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by the p38 activator and p65 activator reversed the inflammatory responses. IPO7 interacted with p-p38 under LPS stimulation in hDPCs. In addition, the increased binding between IPO7 and p-p38 is associated with the decreased binding ability of IPO7 to Sirt2. In conclusion, we found that IPO7 was highly expressed in pulpitis and played a vital role in modulating human dental pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yawei She
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Guohua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Guobin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
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4
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Ponasenko A, Sinitskaya A, Sinitsky M, Khutornaya M, Barbarash O. The Role of Polymorphism in the Endothelial Homeostasis and Vitamin D Metabolism Genes in the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2382. [PMID: 37760823 PMCID: PMC10526004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism play an important role in CAD pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the association of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphism with CAD severity. A total of 224 low-risk patients (SYNTAX score ≤ 31) and 36 high-risk patients (SYNTAX score > 31) were recruited for this study. The serum level of E-, L- and P-selectins; endothelin; eNOS; 25OH; and 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Polymorphic variants in SELE, SELP, SELPLG, END1, NOS3, VDR and GC were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found no differences in the serum levels of the studied markers between high- and low-risk patients. Three polymorphic variants associated with CAD severity were discovered: END1 rs3087459, END1 rs5370 and GC rs2298849 in the log-additive model. Moreover, we discovered a significantly decreased serum level of 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D in high-risk CAD patients with the A/A-A/G genotypes of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene, the A/A genotype of the rs7041 polymorphism of the GC gene and the A/A genotype of the rs2298849 polymorphism of the GC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxim Sinitsky
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.P.)
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5
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Zhang S, Xie S, Gao Y, Wang Y. Triptolide alleviates ox-LDL-induced endothelial inflammation via attenuating the oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB pathway. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2022; 97:100683. [PMID: 35989981 PMCID: PMC9385561 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial inflammation triggered by oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is a crucial mechanism involved in atherosclerosis. Triptolide (TP), a primary active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. However, limited information is available regarding these effects on endothelial inflammation occurring in atherosclerosis. Objectives This study investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of action of TP on ox–LDL-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were preincubated with TP at the indicated concentrations for 1 hour and then incubated with ox-LDL (50 µg/mL) for the indicated times. Results Preincubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with TP inhibited ox–LDL-induced cytokine and chemokine production, adhesion molecule expression, and monocyte adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations of 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, and superoxide increased after human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to ox-LDL, which were associated with decreased activities of total superoxide dismutase and its isoenzyme (ie, CuZn- superoxide dismutase). Preincubation with TP reversed ox–LDL-induced effects in all events. Moreover, preincubation with TP also attenuated ox–LDL-induced nuclear factor-kappa B transcriptional activation in a concentration-dependent manner, via the suppression of inhibitor of kappa Balpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear factor-kappa B DNA binding. Conclusions These data indicate that TP inhibits ox–LDL-induced endothelial inflammation, possibly via suppression of the oxidative stress-dependent activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Youping Wang
- Address correspondence to: Youping Wang, MD, PhD, Central Laboratory and Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Gao ZD, Yan HD, Wu NH, Yao Q, Wan BB, Liu XF, Zhang ZW, Chen QJ, Huang CP. Mechanistic insights into the amelioration effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by baicalein: An integrated systems pharmacology study and experimental validation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 73-74:102121. [PMID: 35283292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury is an acute progressive respiratory failure caused by several of non-cardiogenic factors which involves in excessive amplification or uncontrolled inflammatory response. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the protective effect of baicalein against acute lung injury induced by LPS and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Forty-eight SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, dexamethasone group and baicalein low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups. After 5 days of adaptive feeding, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS and dissected after 12 h. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, ELISA assay, immunofluorescence assay and Western-Blot were applied to appraise microstructural changes and protein expressions of lung tissues. Systems pharmacology study was used to evaluate the protection of baicalein on acute lung injury. FINDINGS The results showed that baicalein administration could significantly inhibit LPS-induced lung morphological changes, inhibit inflammatory response and pyroptosis. A total of forty-three potential targets of baicalein and acute lung injury were obtained. And PI3K-Akt, TNF and NF-κB were mainly signaling pathways. It is worth mentioning that this experiment also confirmed that NLRP3, caspase-1 and other inflammasome are involved in pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Baicalein has protected against LPS-induced lung tissues injury via inhibiting inflammatory response and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Hai-Dong Yan
- Ward 2 of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affliated Hospital, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Ning-Hua Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Qing Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Xiu-Fen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China.
| | - Cui-Ping Huang
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xiannning, 437100, PR China.
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7
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Burgers LD, Luong B, Li Y, Fabritius MP, Michalakis S, Reichel CA, Müller R, Fürst R. The natural product vioprolide A exerts anti-inflammatory actions through inhibition of its cellular target NOP14 and downregulation of importin-dependent NF-ĸB p65 nuclear translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112255. [PMID: 34607110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characterized by persisting leukocyte infiltration of the affected tissue, which is enabled by activated endothelial cells (ECs). Chronic inflammatory diseases remain a major pharmacotherapeutic challenge, and thus the search for novel drugs and drug targets is an ongoing demand. We have identified the natural product vioprolide A (vioA) to exert anti-inflammatory actions in vivo and in ECs in vitro through inhibition of its cellular target nucleolar protein 14 (NOP14). VioA attenuated the infiltration of microglia and macrophages during laser-induced murine choroidal neovascularization and the leukocyte trafficking through the vascular endothelium in the murine cremaster muscle. Mechanistic studies revealed that vioA downregulates EC adhesion molecules and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 by decreasing the de novo protein synthesis in ECs. Most importantly, we found that inhibition of importin-dependent NF-ĸB p65 nuclear translocation is a crucial part of the action of vioA leading to reduced NF-ĸB promotor activity and inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown experiments revealed a causal link between the cellular target NOP14 and the anti-inflammatory action of vioA, classifying the natural product as unique drug lead for anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa D Burgers
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Betty Luong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yanfen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias P Fabritius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Clinical Centre of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Clinical Centre of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.
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8
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Critical Role of Mortalin/GRP75 in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Associated with Acute Lung Injury. Shock 2021; 54:245-255. [PMID: 31490354 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mortalin/GRP75 (glucose regulated protein 75), a member of heat shock protein 70 family of chaperones, is involved in several cellular processes including proliferation and signaling, and plays a pivotal role in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we sought to determine the role of mortalin/GRP75 in mediating vascular inflammation and permeability linked to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). In an aerosolized bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhalation mouse model of ALI, we found that administration of mortalin/GRP75 inhibitor mean kinetic temperature-077, both prophylactically and therapeutically, protected against polymorphonuclear leukocytes influx into alveolar airspaces, microvascular leakage, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β, E-selectin, and tumor necrosis factor TNFα. Consistent with this, thrombin-induced inflammation in cultured human endothelial cells (EC) was also protected upon before and after treatment with mean kinetic temperature-077. Similar to pharmacological inhibition of mortalin/GRP75, siRNA-mediated depletion of mortalin/GRP75 also blocked thrombin-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1. Mechanistic analysis in EC revealed that inactivation of mortalin/GRP75 interfered with the binding of the liberated NF-κB to the DNA, thereby leading to inhibition of downstream expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Importantly, thrombin-induced Ca signaling and EC permeability were also prevented upon mortalin/GRP75 inactivation/depletion. Thus, this study provides evidence for a novel role of mortalin/GRP75 in mediating EC inflammation and permeability associated with ALI.
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9
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Xie Q, Wang W, Li L, Kan Q, Fu H, Geng T, Li T, Wan Z, Gao W, Shao H, Qin A, Ye J. Domain in Fiber-2 interacted with KPNA3/4 significantly affects the replication and pathogenicity of the highly pathogenic FAdV-4. Virulence 2021; 12:754-765. [PMID: 33616472 PMCID: PMC7901544 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1888458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) caused by the highly pathogenic serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) have caused a huge economic loss to the poultry industry globally since 2013. Although the Fiber-2 has been identified as a key virulent related factor for FAdV-4, little is known about its molecular basis. In this study, we identified the efficient interaction of the Fiber-2 with the karyopherin alpha 3/4 (KPNA3/4) protein via its N-terminus of 1–40aa. The analysis of the overexpression and knockout of KPNA3/4 showed that KPNA3/4 could efficiently assist the replication of FAdV-4. Moreover, a fiber-2-edited virus FAV-4_Del with a deletion of 7–40aa in Fiber-2 was rescued through the CRISPR-Cas9 technique. In comparison with the wild type FAdV-4, FAV-4_Del was highly attenuated in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the inoculation of FAV-4_Del in chickens could provide full protection against the lethal challenge with the wild type FAdV-4. All these findings not only give novel insights into the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of Fiber-2 but also provide efficient targets for developing antiviral strategies and live-attenuated vaccine candidates against the highly pathogenic FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
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10
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Guo L, Wu X, Zhao S, Zhang X, Qian G, Li S. Autophagy inhibition protects from alveolar barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI mice by targeting alveolar epithelial cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 283:103532. [PMID: 32950660 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether autophagy is enhanced in alveolar epithelial cells as well as its role in alveolar barrier function of in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Autophagy inhibitors, including 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CLQ), and LPS were intraperitoneally administered to mice. Histological evaluation and confocal microscopy, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and ELISA were performed for analysis. First, the mouse model of ALI was established. Then, autophagy level changes in the mouse lung as well as the effects of autophagy inhibition on indirect ALI and alveolar epithelial barrier function induced by LPS were assessed. Finally, pro-inflammatory factors in BALF from ALI mice after autophagy inhibition by 3-MA or CLQ administration were detected. RESULTS The experimental animal model of LPS-induced ALI had the expected features. In addition, autophagy in alveolar epithelial cells in ALI mice was enhanced. Furthermore, autophagy in alveolar epithelial cells promoted alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI. Finally, autophagy inhibition resulted in reduced LPS-induced lung tissue inflammation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that autophagy inhibition protects from alveolar barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI mice by targeting alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, (Xinqiao Hospital) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shengtao Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of of PLA, Kunming, 652230, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of of PLA, Kunming, 652230, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guisheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, (Xinqiao Hospital) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of of PLA, Kunming, 652230, Yunnan Province, China.
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11
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Ma X, Zhang J, Wu Z, Wang X. Chicoric acid attenuates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction through AMPK-dependent inhibition of oxidative/nitrative stresses. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:378-392. [PMID: 32900249 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1817076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a driving force during the development and progression of cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Targeting endothelial injury may be an attractive avenue for the management of diabetic vascular disorders. Chicoric acid is reported to confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases including diabetes. However, the role and mechanism of chicoric acid in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial damage are not well understood. METHODS In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with high glucose/high fat (HG + HF) to induce endothelial cell injury. RESULTS We found that exposure of HUVECs to HG + HF medium promoted the release of cytochrome c (cytc) from mitochondrion into the cytoplasm, stimulated the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), then inducing cell apoptosis, the effects that were prevented by administration of chicoric acid. Besides, we found that chicoric acid diminished HG + HF-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and subsequent p65 NFκB nuclear translocation, thereby contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects in HUVECs. We also confirmed that chicoric acid mitigated oxidative/nitrative stresses under HG + HF conditions. Studies aimed at exploring the underlying mechanisms found that chicoric acid activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to attenuate HG + HF-triggered injury in HUVECs as AMPK inhibitor Compound C or silencing of AMPKα1 abolished the beneficial effects of chicoric acid in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Collectively, chicoric acid is likely protected against diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Chicoric acid could be a novel candidate for the treatment of the diabetes-associated vascular endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ma
- School of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zejie Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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12
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Shadab M, Millar MW, Slavin SA, Leonard A, Fazal F, Rahman A. Autophagy protein ATG7 is a critical regulator of endothelial cell inflammation and permeability. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13708. [PMID: 32792588 PMCID: PMC7426828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation and permeability are critical pathogenic mechanisms in many inflammatory conditions including acute lung injury. In this study, we investigated the role of ATG7, an essential autophagy regulator with no autophagy-unrelated functions, in the mechanism of EC inflammation and permeability. Knockdown of ATG7 using si-RNA significantly attenuated thrombin-induced expression of proinflammatory molecules such as IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Mechanistic study implicated reduced NF-κB activity in the inhibition of EC inflammation in ATG7-silenced cells. Moreover, depletion of ATG7 markedly reduced the binding of RelA/p65 to DNA in the nucleus. Surprisingly, the thrombin-induced degradation of IκBα in the cytosol was not affected in ATG7-depleted cells, suggesting a defect in the translocation of released RelA/p65 to the nucleus in these cells. This is likely due to suppression of thrombin-induced phosphorylation and thereby inactivation of Cofilin1, an actin-depolymerizing protein, in ATG7-depleted cells. Actin stress fiber dynamics are required for thrombin-induced translocation of RelA/p65 to the nucleus, and indeed our results showed that ATG7 silencing inhibited this response via inactivation of Cofilin1. ATG7 silencing also reduced thrombin-mediated EC permeability by inhibiting the disassembly of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions. Together, these data uncover a novel function of ATG7 in mediating EC inflammation and permeability, and provide a mechanistic basis for the linkage between autophagy and EC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shadab
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michelle Warren Millar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Spencer A Slavin
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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13
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Yan C, Quan XJ, Feng YM. Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:20-30. [PMID: 30280665 PMCID: PMC6751340 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181003125308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and di-rectly leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomy-ocyte protection and preservation of cardiac function. Methodology: To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity induced by virus and random integration into the human genome. Discussion: Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production. They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer. In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective in the field of nanoparticle vehicle. Conclusion: Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of na-nomedicine in the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Quan
- Laboratory of Brain Development, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere- ICM, Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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14
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Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010099. [PMID: 31905893 PMCID: PMC7019525 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in bone homeostasis and calcium metabolism. However, recent research has indicated additional beneficial effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to elucidate if vitamin D can be used as an add-on treatment in coronary artery disease (CAD). Large-scale epidemiological studies have found a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and the prevalence of essential hypertension. Likewise, epidemiological data have suggested plasma levels of vitamin D to be inversely correlated to cardiac injury after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Remarkably, in vitro trials have showed that vitamin D can actively suppress the intracellular NF-κB pathway to decrease CAD progression. This is suggested as a mechanistic link to explain how vitamin D may decrease vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A review of randomized controlled trials with vitamin D supplementation showed ambiguous results. This may partly be explained by heterogeneous study groups. It is suggested that subgroups of diabetic patients may benefit more from vitamin D supplementation. Moreover, some studies have indicated that calcitriol rather than cholecalciferol exerts more potent beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and CAD. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify these assumptions.
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15
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Leonard A, Grose V, Paton AW, Paton JC, Yule DI, Rahman A, Fazal F. Selective Inactivation of Intracellular BiP/GRP78 Attenuates Endothelial Inflammation and Permeability in Acute Lung Injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2096. [PMID: 30765717 PMCID: PMC6376000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone and Signaling Regulator BiP/GRP78 in acute inflammatory injury, particularly in the context of lung endothelium, is poorly defined. In his study, we monitored the effect of SubAB, a holoenzyme that cleaves and specifically inactivates BiP/GRP78 and its inactive mutant SubAA272B on lung inflammatory injury in an aerosolized LPS inhalation mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI). Analysis of lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid showed that LPS-induced lung inflammation and injury were significantly inhibited in SubAB- but not in SubAA272B-treated mice. SubAB-treated mice were also protected from LPS-induced decrease in lung compliance. Gene transfer of dominant negative mutant of BiP in the lung endothelium protected against LPS-induced lung inflammatory responses. Consistent with this, stimulation of endothelial cells (EC) with thrombin caused an increase in BiP/GRP78 levels and inhibition of ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) prevented this response as well as increase in VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Importantly, thrombin-induced Ca2+ signaling and EC permeability were also prevented upon BiP/GRP78 inactivation. The above EC responses are mediated by intracellular BiP/GRP78 and not by cell surface BiP/GRP78. Together, these data identify intracellular BiP/GRP78 as a novel regulator of endothelial dysfunction associated with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Valerie Grose
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
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