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Cui P, Hou H, Song B, Xia Z, Xu Y. Vitamin D and ischemic stroke - Association, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102244. [PMID: 38395199 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the rising tide of ischemic stroke and its associated mortality and morbidity with ageing, prevention and acute management of ischemic stroke is of paramount importance. Mounting observational studies have established a non-linear association of vitamin D status with cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. Paradoxically, current clinical trials fail to demonstrate the cardiovascular benefits of vitamin D supplementation. We aim to update recent clinical and experimental findings on the role of vitamin D in the disease course of ischemic stroke, from its onset, progression, recovery, to recurrence, and the established and alternative possible pathophysiological mechanisms. This review justifies the necessities to address stroke etiological subtypes and focus on vitamin D-deficient subjects for investigating the potential of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Well-powered clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy, safety, timing, target individuals, optimal dosages, and target 25OHD concentrations of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiman Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Zheng Y, Shao M, Zheng Y, Sun W, Qin S, Sun Z, Zhu L, Guan Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li L. PPARs in atherosclerosis: The spatial and temporal features from mechanism to druggable targets. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38555000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic and complex disease caused by lipid disorder, inflammation, and other factors. It is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, the chief cause of death globally. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are valuable anti-atherosclerosis targets that showcase multiple roles at different pathological stages of atherosclerosis and for cell types at different tissue sites. AIM OF REVIEW Considering the spatial and temporal characteristics of the pathological evolution of atherosclerosis, the roles and pharmacological and clinical studies of PPARs were summarized systematically and updated under different pathological stages and in different vascular cells of atherosclerosis. Moreover, selective PPAR modulators and PPAR-pan agonists can exert their synergistic effects meanwhile reducing the side effects, thereby providing novel insight into future drug development for precise spatial-temporal therapeutic strategy of anti-atherosclerosis targeting PPARs. KEY SCIENTIFIC Concepts of Review: Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of atherosclerosis, we have proposed the importance of stage- and cell type-dependent precision therapy. Initially, PPARs improve endothelial cells' dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and then regulate macrophages' lipid metabolism and polarization to improve fatty streak. Finally, PPARs reduce fibrous cap formation by suppressing the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, research on the cell type-specific mechanisms of PPARs can provide the foundation for space-time drug treatment. Moreover, pharmacological studies have demonstrated that several drugs or compounds can exert their effects by the activation of PPARs. Selective PPAR modulators (that specifically activate gene subsets of PPARs) can exert tissue and cell-specific effects. Furthermore, the dual- or pan-PPAR agonist could perform a better role in balancing efficacy and side effects. Therefore, research on cells/tissue-specific activation of PPARs and PPAR-pan agonists can provide the basis for precision therapy and drug development of PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Si Qin
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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3
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Campolina-Silva G, Andrade ACDSP, Couto M, Bittencourt-Silva PG, Queiroz-Junior CM, Lacerda LDSB, Chaves IDM, de Oliveira LC, Marim FM, Oliveira CA, da Silva GSF, Teixeira MM, Costa VV. Dietary Vitamin D Mitigates Coronavirus-Induced Lung Inflammation and Damage in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:2434. [PMID: 38140675 PMCID: PMC10748145 DOI: 10.3390/v15122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (β-CoV) betacoronavirus has posed a significant threat to global health. Despite the availability of vaccines, the virus continues to spread, and there is a need for alternative strategies to alleviate its impact. Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone best known for its role in bone health, exhibits immunomodulatory effects in certain viral infections. Here, we have shown that bioactive vitamin D (calcitriol) limits in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 and murine coronaviruses MHV-3 and MHV-A59. Comparative studies involving wild-type mice intranasally infected with MHV-3, a model for studying β-CoV respiratory infections, confirmed the protective effect of vitamin D in vivo. Accordingly, mice fed a standard diet rapidly succumbed to MHV-3 infection, whereas those on a vitamin D-rich diet (10,000 IU of Vitamin D3/kg) displayed increased resistance to acute respiratory damage and systemic complications. Consistent with these findings, the vitamin D-supplemented group exhibited lower viral titers in their lungs and reduced levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, alongside an enhanced type I interferon response. Altogether, our findings suggest vitamin D supplementation ameliorates β-CoV-triggered respiratory illness and systemic complications in mice, likely via modulation of the host's immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Campolina-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ana Cláudia dos Santos Pereira Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Manoela Couto
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Paloma G. Bittencourt-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil (G.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Larisse de Souza B. Lacerda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Leonardo C. de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Fernanda Martins Marim
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleida A. Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Glauber S. F. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil (G.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (L.d.S.B.L.); (I.d.M.C.); (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
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Wang C, Ma Q, Yu X. Bile Acid Network and Vascular Calcification-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Intricate Connections and Therapeutic Potential. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1749-1767. [PMID: 37885621 PMCID: PMC10599251 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s431220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol excretion, thereby protecting the liver from cholesterol accumulation and bile acid toxicity. Additionally, bile acids can bind to specific nuclear and membrane receptors to regulate energy expenditure and specific functions of particular tissues. Vascular calcification refers to the pathological process of calcium-phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls, which serves as an independent predictor for cardiovascular adverse events. In addition to aging, this pathological change is associated with aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Emerging evidence suggests a close association between the bile acid network and these aforementioned vascular calcification-associated conditions. Several bile acids have been proven to participate in calcium-phosphate metabolism, affecting the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and thus influencing vascular calcification. Targeting the bile acid network shows potential for ameliorating these diseases and their concomitant vascular calcification by regulating pathways such as energy metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell differentiation. Here, we present a summary of the metabolism and functions of the bile acid network and aim to provide insights into the current research on the profound connections between the bile acid network and these vascular calcification-associated diseases, as well as the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Li P, Li K, Yuan W, Xu Y, Li P, Wu R, Han J, Yin Z, Lu L, Gao Y. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 ameliorates insulin resistance by alleviating γδ T cell inflammation via enhancing fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 expression. Theranostics 2023; 13:5290-5304. [PMID: 37908738 PMCID: PMC10614678 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation caused by immune cells is the central link between obesity and insulin resistance. Targeting the inflammatory process is a highly promising method for reversing systemic insulin resistance. Methods: Blood samples were prospectively collected from 68 patients with type 2 diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC). We performed phenotypical and functional analyses of immune cells using flow cytometry. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout γδ T cells were constructed using Cas9-gRNA targeted approaches to identify 1α,25(OH)2D3/VDR signaling pathway-mediated transcriptional regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) in γδ T cells. Results: Serum vitamin D deficiency aggravates inflammation in circulating γδ T cells in type 2 diabetes patients. We defined a critical role for 1α,25(OH)2D3 in regulating glycolysis metabolism, protecting against inflammation, and alleviating insulin resistance. Mechanistically, 1α,25(OH)2D3-VDR promoted FBP1 expression to suppress glycolysis in γδ T cells, thereby inhibiting Akt/p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Notably, therapeutic administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 restrained inflammation in γδ T cells and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance in obese mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings show that 1α,25(OH)2D3 plays an important role in maintaining γδ T cell homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs, and is a highly promising target for preventing obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510310, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingru Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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Carbone F, Liberale L, Libby P, Montecucco F. Vitamin D in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2078-2094. [PMID: 36943351 PMCID: PMC10281557 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical findings linking vitamin D to cardiovascular (CV) risk have prompted consideration of its supplementation to improve overall health. Yet several meta-analyses do not provide support for the clinical effectiveness of this strategy. Meanwhile, the understanding of the roles of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of CV diseases has evolved. Specifically, recent work has revealed some non-classical pleiotropic effects of vitamin D, increasing the complexity of vitamin D signalling. Within particular microenvironments (e.g. dysfunctional adipose tissue and atherosclerotic plaque), vitamin D can act locally at cellular level through intracrine/autocrine/paracrine feedforward and feedback circuits. Within atherosclerotic tissues, 'local' vitamin D levels may influence relevant systemic consequences independently of its circulating pool. Moreover, vitamin D links closely to other signalling pathways of CV relevance including those driving cellular senescence, ageing, and age-related diseases-among them CV conditions. This review updates knowledge on vitamin D biology aiming to clarify the widening gap between experimental and clinical evidence. It highlights the potential reverse causation confounding correlation between vitamin D status and CV health, and the need to consider novel pathophysiological concepts in the design of future clinical trials that explore the effects of vitamin D on atherosclerosis and risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Oh J, Riek AE, Bauerle KT, Dusso A, McNerney KP, Barve RA, Darwech I, Sprague JE, Moynihan C, Zhang RM, Kutz G, Wang T, Xing X, Li D, Mrad M, Wigge NM, Castelblanco E, Collin A, Bambouskova M, Head RD, Sands MS, Bernal-Mizrachi C. Embryonic vitamin D deficiency programs hematopoietic stem cells to induce type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3278. [PMID: 37311757 PMCID: PMC10264405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors may alter the fetal genome to cause metabolic diseases. It is unknown whether embryonic immune cell programming impacts the risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. We demonstrate that transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) made vitamin D deficient in utero induce diabetes in vitamin D-sufficient mice. Vitamin D deficiency epigenetically suppresses Jarid2 expression and activates the Mef2/PGC1a pathway in HSCs, which persists in recipient bone marrow, resulting in adipose macrophage infiltration. These macrophages secrete miR106-5p, which promotes adipose insulin resistance by repressing PIK3 catalytic and regulatory subunits and down-regulating AKT signaling. Vitamin D-deficient monocytes from human cord blood have comparable Jarid2/Mef2/PGC1a expression changes and secrete miR-106b-5p, causing adipocyte insulin resistance. These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency during development has epigenetic consequences impacting the systemic metabolic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Oh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy E Riek
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin T Bauerle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle P McNerney
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Isra Darwech
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Clare Moynihan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rong M Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Greta Kutz
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daofeng Li
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marguerite Mrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas M Wigge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Collin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Yang C, Pan Q, Ji K, Tian Z, Zhou H, Li S, Luo C, Li J. Review on the protective mechanism of astragaloside IV against cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187910. [PMID: 37251311 PMCID: PMC10213926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a global health problem. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a saponin compound extracted from the roots of the Chinese herb Astragalus. Over the past few decades, AS-IV has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties. It can protect the myocardium through antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of calcium homeostasis, improvement of myocardial energy metabolism, anti-apoptosis, anti-cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, anti-myocardial fibrosis, regulation of myocardial autophagy, and improvement of myocardial microcirculation. AS-IV exerts protective effects on blood vessels. For example, it can protect vascular endothelial cells through antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory pathways, relax blood vessels, stabilize atherosclerotic plaques, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, the bioavailability of AS-IV is low. Toxicology indicates that AS-IV is safe, but should be used cautiously in pregnant women. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of AS-IV prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in recent years to provide a reference for future research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkun Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Pan
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Kui Ji
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Zhuang Tian
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Shuanghong Li
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Chuanchao Luo
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Tourkochristou E, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Gene Polymorphisms and Biological Effects of Vitamin D Receptor on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098288. [PMID: 37175993 PMCID: PMC10179740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The genetic and molecular background of NAFLD pathogenesis is not yet clear. The vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis is significantly associated with the development and progression of NAFLD. Gene polymorphisms may influence the regulation of the VDR gene, although their biological significance remains to be elucidated. VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD, as they may influence the regulation of adipose tissue activity, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Vitamin D binds to the hepatic VDR to exert its biological functions, either by activating VDR transcriptional activity to regulate gene expression associated with inflammation and fibrosis or by inducing intracellular signal transduction through VDR-mediated activation of Ca2+ channels. VDR activity has protective and detrimental effects on hepatic steatosis, a characteristic feature of NAFLD. Vitamin D-VDR signaling may control the progression of NAFLD by regulating immune responses, lipotoxicity, and fibrogenesis. Elucidation of the genetic and molecular background of VDR in the pathophysiology of NAFLD will provide new therapeutic targets for this disease through the development of VDR agonists, which already showed promising results in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
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10
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Wu J, Atkins A, Downes M, Wei Z. Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone's Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081997. [PMID: 37111216 PMCID: PMC10142687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Annette Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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11
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Lin WR, Liu KH, Ling TC, Wang MC, Lin WH. Role of antidiabetic agents in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:352-363. [PMID: 37122432 PMCID: PMC10130897 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which the target tissues have a decreased response to insulin signaling, resulting in glucose uptake defect, and an increased blood sugar level. Pancreatic beta cells thus enhance insulin production to compensate. This situation may cause further beta cell dysfunction and failure, which can lead diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance is thus an important cause of the development of type 2 DM. Insulin resistance has also been found to have a strong relationship with cardiovascular disease and is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD are complex and multifactorial. They include physical inactivity, inflammation and oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis, vitamin D deficiency, adipose tissue dysfunction, uremic toxins, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. Currently, available anti-diabetic agents, such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, alfa-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1-based agents, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, have different effects on insulin resistance. In this short review, we describe the potential mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD patients. We also review the interaction of currently available anti-diabetic medications with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chieh Ling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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12
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Cui P, Lu W, Wang J, Wang F, Zhang X, Hou X, Xu F, Liang Y, Chai G, Hao J. Microglia/macrophages require vitamin D signaling to restrain neuroinflammation and brain injury in a murine ischemic stroke model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:63. [PMID: 36890539 PMCID: PMC9993716 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke; nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms of how vitamin D signaling modulated stroke progression in male mouse ischemia-reperfusion stroke models. We found that vitamin D receptor (VDR) exhibited a predominant upregulation in peri-infarct microglia/macrophages following cerebral ischemia. Conditional Vdr inactivation in microglia/macrophages markedly augmented infarct volumes and neurological deficits. VDR-deficient microglia/macrophages exhibited a more primed proinflammatory phenotype with substantial secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ. These inflammatory cytokines further enhanced CXCL10 release from endothelial cells and blood-brain barrier disruption, and ultimately infiltration of peripheral T lymphocytes. Notably, blocking TNF-α and IFN-γ significantly ameliorated stroke phenotypes in Vdr conditional knockout mice. Collectively, VDR signaling in microglia/macrophages plays a crucial role in restraining ischemia-elicited neuroinflammation and stroke progression. Our findings delineate a novel mechanism underlying the association between vitamin D deficiency and poor stroke outcomes, and underline the significance of maintaining a functional vitamin D signaling in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Chai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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14
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Wada T, Miyazawa Y, Ikurumi M, Fuse K, Okekawa A, Onogi Y, Saito S, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T. A transdermal treatment with MC903 ameliorates diet-induced obesity by reducing visceral fat and increasing myofiber thickness and energy consumption in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36774476 PMCID: PMC9921322 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM MC903 is a synthetic derivative of vitamin D3 that has been designed to diminish its impact on calcium metabolism and is clinically used as a transdermal reagent for psoriasis. Animal studies showed that an oral or intraperitoneal vitamin D3 treatment prevented the development of obesity. In contrast, the bioavailability of orally administered vitamin D3 is reported to be low in obese patients. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the impact of a transdermal treatment with MC903 in established obese mice. We further studied the underlying mechanisms of MC903-mediated metabolic improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed standard chow or a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks, and a transdermal treatment with MC903 on the ear auricle was initiated thereafter. The metabolic profiles of mice were analyzed during 4 weeks of treatment, and mice were dissected for histological and gene expression analyses. The direct impacts of MC903 and vitamin D3 were investigated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes in vitro. RESULTS HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weights with enlarged adipocytes. They exhibited glucose intolerance, decreased oxygen consumption, and chronic inflammation in eWAT. The transdermal treatment with MC903 significantly ameliorated these metabolic abnormalities in HFD-fed mice without affecting food consumption. In accordance with enhanced energy metabolism, myofiber diameters and the expression of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle were significantly increased in MC903-treated HFD mice. In addition, vitamin D3 and MC903 both suppressed adipogenic differentiation and enhanced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and increased UCP3 expression in cultured C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, MC903 increased oxygen consumption and UCP3 knockdown significantly decreased them in C2C12 myotubes. CONCLUSIONS A transdermal treatment with MC903 increased myofiber diameter and energy metabolism and decreased visceral fat accumulation, thereby improving obesity and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Miyazawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Misa Ikurumi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kento Fuse
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Akira Okekawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XResearch Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Integrative Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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15
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Yang Y, Huang X, Wang Y, Leng L, Xu J, Feng L, Jiang S, Wang J, Yang Y, Pan G, Jiang B, Wang Y, Chen L. The impact of triglyceride-glucose index on ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:2. [PMID: 36609319 PMCID: PMC9825038 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strokes significantly impair quality of life and incur high economic and societal burdens. The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is a biochemical marker of insulin resistance (IR) and may have important value in the prediction of strokes, especially ischemic stroke (IS). Our study aims to investigate the relationship between TyG index and IS and ascertain whether TyG index is independently associated with IS adverse outcomes. METHODS The Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, and other relevant English databases and related websites were systematically searched for articles on ''TyG index'' and "stroke" published from inception to April 4, 2022. We reviewed the available literature on the TyG index and its relation to predicting IS occurrence in the general population and adverse clinical outcomes. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of TyG index and its predictability of IS occurrence and adverse outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using the Meta Package in STATA, version 12.0. RESULTS A total of 18 studies and 592,635 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled effect values of all stroke types showed that higher TyG index was associated with increased the risk of IS in the general population (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.22-1.54) in a total sample of 554,334 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P = 0.000, I2 = 74.10%). In addition, compared to IS patients with a lower TyG index, IS patients with a higher TyG index was associated with higher risk of stroke recurrence (OR: 1.50; 95% CI 1.19-1.89) and increased risk of mortality (OR 1.40 95% CI 1.14-1.71). No correlation was found in the effect value combinations of poor functional outcomes (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.88-1.43) and neurological worsening (OR: 1.76; 95% CI 0.79-3.95) in a total sample of 38,301 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P = 0.000; I2 = 77.20%). CONCLUSIONS TyG index has potential value in optimizing risk stratification for IS in the general population. Furthermore, there is a significant association between high TyG index and many adverse outcomes of stroke, especially stroke recurrence and high mortality. Future studies should focus on multi-center and multi-regional designs in order to further explore the relationship between IS and TyG index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- grid.415440.0Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China ,grid.411587.e0000 0001 0381 4112School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangting Huang
- grid.440809.10000 0001 0317 5955Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581The Centre of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- grid.440809.10000 0001 0317 5955Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi China
| | - Lin Leng
- grid.459428.6Department of Nephrology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiapei Xu
- grid.415440.0Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- grid.415440.0Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Shixie Jiang
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- grid.440809.10000 0001 0317 5955Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi China
| | - Yanrong Yang
- grid.415440.0Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- grid.415440.0Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- grid.415440.0Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, JingGangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi province, 343000, China, .
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16
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Şengül Ayçiçek G, Aydoğan Bİ, Şahin M, Emral R, Erdoğan MF, Güllü S, Başkal N, Çorapçıoğlu D. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in primary hyperparathyroidism. ENDOCRINOLOGIA, DIABETES Y NUTRICION 2023; 70:56-62. [PMID: 36764749 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse clinical outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in PHPT patients. METHODS A total of 128 patients with biochemically confirmed PHPT were included. Patients were categorized as vitamin D deficient if 25-OH vitamin D was <50nmol/L, or normal if vitamin D was ≥50nmol/L. Biochemical parameters, bone mineral densitometry (BMD), and urinary tract and neck ultrasonography were assessed. RESULTS In the study group, 66 (51.6%) patients had vitamin D deficiency and 60 (48.4%) had normal vitamin D levels. Nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis were found in 26.6% and 30.5% of subjects, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) and hypertension (HTN) were higher in the vitamin D deficient group when compared to the normal group (p=0.04, p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). There was no difference regarding the presence of nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis between the groups. The mean adenoma size was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, adenoma size or biochemical parameters in PHPT. However, vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for developing HTN and MetS in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Şengül Ayçiçek
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna İmge Aydoğan
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Emral
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Faik Erdoğan
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Güllü
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Başkal
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Çorapçıoğlu
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Chen Y, Tang L. The crosstalk between parenchymal cells and macrophages: A keeper of tissue homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050188. [PMID: 36505488 PMCID: PMC9732730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and parenchymal cells (PCs) collectively perform tissue-specific functions. PCs play significant roles and continuously adjust the intrinsic functions and metabolism of organs. Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are crucial members of native NPCs in tissues and are essential for immune defense, tissue repair and development, and homeostasis maintenance. As a plastic-phenotypic and prevalent cluster of NPCs, TRMs dynamically assist PCs in functioning by producing cytokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the PCs of tissues modulate the functional activity and polarization of TRMs. Dysregulation of the PC-TRM crosstalk axis profoundly impacts many essential physiological functions, including synaptogenesis, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, cardiac pulsation, gas exchange, blood filtration, and metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on the PC-TRM crosstalk in mammalian vital tissues, along with their interactions with tissue homeostasis maintenance and disorders. Thus, this review highlights the fundamental biological significance of the regulatory network of PC-TRM in tissue homeostasis.
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18
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The impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in primary hyperparathyroidism. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Gao R, Meng X, Xue Y, Mao M, Liu Y, Tian X, Sui B, Li X, Zhang P. Bile acids-gut microbiota crosstalk contributes to the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027212. [PMID: 36386219 PMCID: PMC9640995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurs that cannot effectively use the insulin. Insulin Resistance (IR) is a significant characteristic of T2DM which is also an essential treatment target in blood glucose regulation to prevent T2DM and its complications. Bile acids (BAs) are one group of bioactive metabolites synthesized from cholesterol in liver. BAs play an important role in mutualistic symbiosis between host and gut microbiota. It is shown that T2DM is associated with altered bile acid metabolism which can be regulated by gut microbiota. Simultaneously, BAs also reshape gut microbiota and improve IR and T2DM in the bidirectional communications of the gut-liver axis. This article reviewed the findings on the interaction between BAs and gut microbiota in improving T2DM, which focused on gut microbiota and its debinding function and BAs regulated gut microbiota through FXR/TGR5. Meanwhile, BAs and their derivatives that are effective for improving T2DM and other treatments based on bile acid metabolism were also summarized. This review highlighted that BAs play a critical role in the glucose metabolism and may serve as therapeutic targets in T2DM, providing a reference for discovering and screening novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Gao
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Yili Xue
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Mao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewen Tian
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Sui
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Li
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengyi Zhang
- School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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20
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Tian X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu Q, Wang P, Wu S, Wang A, Luo Y. Time course of the triglyceride glucose index accumulation with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:183. [PMID: 36100896 PMCID: PMC9472367 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality is associated with cumulative amount TyG index (cumTyG) exposure, while whether time course of TyG accumulation modulates the risk remains unclear. This study sought to examine the associations of cumTyG index accumulation time course with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Methods We enrolled 51,734 participants free of CVD and underwent three examinations at year 2006, 2008, and 2010. CumTyG from baseline to the third examination was calculated. Time course of cumTyG accumulation was calculated as the slope of TyG versus time from 2006 to 2010, or as splinting the overall TyG index accumulation into early (cumTyG06 − 08) and late accumulation (cumTyG08 − 10). Participants were categorized by the combination of cumTyG < or ≥ median (34.44 × years) and a negative or positive TyG slope. Results During a median follow-up of 9.04 years, we identified 3,602 incident CVD cases and 3,165 deaths. The risk of CVD and all-cause mortality increased with decreased TyG slope, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.11 (1.04–1.19) and 1.18 (1.10–1.26) for patients with a negative TyG slope, respectively. Consistently, a later accumulation of TyG index was not associated with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality after adjustment for an early accumulation. When considering the combination of cumTyG index and time course, participants with a cumTyG ≥ median and a negative TyG slope had elevated risk of CVD (aHR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.24–1.51) and all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15–1.43). Additionally, the association was more prominent in young adults. Conclusion Early TyG index accumulation resulted in a greater risk of CVD and all-cause mortality than later TyG later accumulation with the same overall cumulative exposure, emphasizing the importance of optimal TyG index control earlier in life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01617-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Rd, 063000, Tangshan, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Penglian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Rd, 063000, Tangshan, China.
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanxia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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21
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Lazzara F, Longo AM, Giurdanella G, Lupo G, Platania CBM, Rossi S, Drago F, Anfuso CD, Bucolo C. Vitamin D3 preserves blood retinal barrier integrity in an in vitro model of diabetic retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971164. [PMID: 36091806 PMCID: PMC9458952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of the blood retinal barrier (BRB) represents one of the main features of diabetic retinopathy, a secondary microvascular complication of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is a triggering factor of vascular cells damage in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin D3 on BRB protection, and to investigate its regulatory role on inflammatory pathways. We challenged human retinal endothelial cells with high glucose (HG) levels. We found that vitamin D3 attenuates cell damage elicited by HG, maintaining cell viability and reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and ICAM-1. Furthermore, we showed that vitamin D3 preserved the BRB integrity as demonstrated by trans-endothelial electrical resistance, permeability assay, and cell junction morphology and quantification (ZO-1 and VE-cadherin). In conclusion this in vitro study provided new insights on the retinal protective role of vitamin D3, particularly as regard as the early phase of diabetic retinopathy, characterized by BRB breakdown and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudio Bucolo,
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22
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Stifel U, Caratti G, Tuckermann J. Novel insights into the regulation of cellular catabolic metabolism in macrophages through nuclear receptors. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2617-2629. [PMID: 35997656 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular catabolic metabolism in immune cells has recently become a major concept for resolution of inflammation. Nuclear receptors (NRs), including peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) receptor (VDR), liver X receptors (LXRs), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and Nur77, have been identified as major modulators of inflammation, affecting innate immune cells, such as macrophages. Evidence emerges on how NRs regulate cellular metabolism in macrophages during inflammatory processes and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. This could have new implications for our understanding of how NRs shape immune responses and inform anti-inflammatory drug design. This review will highlight the recent developments about NRs and their role in cellular metabolism in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Vitamin D-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms as Risk Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158686. [PMID: 35955825 PMCID: PMC9368814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. In addition to environmental risk factors, genetic predisposition increases the risk; this includes alterations in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR). These alterations play a key role in modifying vitamin D uptake, being able to modify its function and increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the VDR gene and risk of CVD in a Caucasian population. A retrospective case-control study was conducted comprising 246 CVD patients and 246 controls of Caucasian origin from Southern Spain. The genetic polymorphisms BsmI (rs1544410), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232), FokI (rs2228570) and Cdx2 (rs11568820) were determined by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for allelic discrimination using TaqMan® probes. The logistic regression analysis adjusted for body mass index and diabetes revealed that the TT genotype was associated with a higher risk of CVD in both the genotypic model (p = 0.0430; OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.06–5.37; TT vs. CC) and the recessive model (p = 0.0099; OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.31–6.07; TT vs. C). Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype GAC (p = 0.047; OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12–0.98) was associated with increased risk of CVD. The VDR polymorphisms FokI (rs2228570) was significantly associated with the development of CVD. No influence was observed of the VDR polymorphisms BsmI (rs1544410), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232) and Cdx2 (rs11568820) on the risk of developing CVD in the patients studied.
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24
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Lau SL, Stokes RA, Ng B, Cheng K, Clifton-Bligh R, Gunton JE. Metabolic changes in vitamin D receptor knockout mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267573. [PMID: 35714079 PMCID: PMC9205491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
VDR expression has been found in many cell types involved in metabolism, including the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets. Activated vitamin D and its interactions with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are implicated in glucose homeostasis. We investigated the metabolic phenotype of the VDR-null (VDRKO) mouse at early and middle age. All offspring of heterozygote VDRKO breeding-pairs were fed ‘rescue diet’ from weaning to normalize calcium and phosphate levels in VDRKO and to avoid confounding by different diets. Glucose tolerance testing was performed at 7 and 24 weeks of age. Insulin tolerance testing, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, body-composition studies and islet isolation were performed at 25–27 weeks. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was tested in isolated islets. VDRKO mice had reduced bone density, subcutaneous fat mass and muscle weights compared to WT mice. Despite reduced fat mass, glucose tolerance did not differ significantly. Male but not female VDRKO had improved insulin sensitivity. Global loss of VDR has significant effects on organs involved in energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In the setting of decreased fat mass, a clear effect on glucose tolerance was not present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Lynn Lau
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca A. Stokes
- The Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beverly Ng
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Cheng
- The Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Wang X, Feng B, Huang Z, Cai Z, Yu X, Chen Z, Cai Z, Chen G, Wu S, Chen Y. Relationship of cumulative exposure to the triglyceride-glucose index with ischemic stroke: a 9-year prospective study in the Kailuan cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:66. [PMID: 35505313 PMCID: PMC9066788 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single measurement of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple and reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance, is associated with ischemic stroke. However, evidence for an effect of a long-term elevation in TyG index on ischemic stroke is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cumulative TyG index exposure and the risk of ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 54,098 participants in the Kailuan study who had not experienced ischemic stroke underwent three measurements of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides during 2006-2007, 2008-2009, and 2010-2011. Cumulative exposure to TyG index was calculated as the weighted sum of the mean TyG index value for each time interval (value × time). Participants were placed into four groups according to the quartile of the weighted mean: Q1 group, < 32.01; Q2 group, 32.01-34.45; Q3 group, 34.45-37.47; and Q4 group, ≥ 37.47. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relationships of the cumulative TyG index with incident ischemic stroke by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS There were 2083 incident ischemic stroke events over the 9 years of follow-up. The risk of ischemic stroke increased with the quartile of cumulative TyG index. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, participants in groups Q4, Q3, and Q2 had significantly higher risks of ischemic stroke, with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.30 (1.12-1.52), 1.26 (1.09-1.45), and 1.09 (0.94-1.27), respectively (Ptrend < 0.05), compared with the Q1 group. The longer duration of high TyG index exposure was significantly associated with increased ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS High cumulative TyG index is associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke. This finding implies that monitoring and the maintenance of an appropriate TyG index may be useful for the prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxuan Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoyu Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zegui Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefeng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinran Yu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zekai Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Youren Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Dong C, Hu X, Tripathi AS. A brief review of vitamin D as a potential target for the regulation of blood glucose and inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2257-2268. [PMID: 35478388 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including periodontitis. The risk of periodontitis is increased in patients with diabetes, while vitamin D deficiency is associated with both diabetes and periodontitis. Thus, there is a need to identify the molecular effects of vitamin D on the regulation of inflammation and glucose in diabetes-associated periodontitis. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched for studies of the molecular effects of vitamin D. Molecular effects were reportedly mediated by salivary secretions, interactions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with receptors of AGEs (RAGEs), cytokines, and oxidative stress pathways linking diabetes with periodontitis. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and numbers of immune cells; it also has antibacterial effects. Vitamin D reduces cytokine levels through regulation of the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and Toll-like receptor 1/2 pathways, along with the suppression of interleukin expression. Glucose homeostasis is altered in diabetes either because of reduced insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. These vitamin D-related alterations of glucoregulatory factors may contribute to hyperglycaemia; hyperglycaemia may also lead to alterations of glucoregulatory factors. This review discusses the pathways involved in glucose regulation and effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose regulation. Further studies are needed to characterise the effects of vitamin D on diabetes-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
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Vitamin D Counteracts Lipid Accumulation, Augments Free Fatty Acid-Induced ABCA1 and CPT-1A Expression While Reducing CD36 and C/EBPβ Protein Levels in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040775. [PMID: 35453525 PMCID: PMC9028184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (VD3), has received great attention for its extraskeletal effects, such as a protective role on the cardiovascular system. The aim of the present work is to test the capacity of VD3 to affect lipid metabolism and fatty acid accumulation in an in vitro model of monocyte (THP-1)-derived macrophages. Cells were treated for 24 h with oleic/palmitic acid (500 μM, 2:1 ratio) and different VD3 concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 nM). Lipid accumulation was quantified spectrophotometrically (excitation: 544 nm, emission: 590 nm). C/EBPβ, PPAR-γ1, CD36, CPT-1A, and ABCA1 protein levels were assessed by ELISA kits at different time-points (1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h). VD3 at 50 and 100 nM significantly reduced fatty acids accumulation in macrophages by 27% and 32%, respectively. In addition, tested at 50 nM, VD3 decreased CD36, PPAR-γ1, and C/EBPβ, while it increased ABCA1 and CPT-1A protein levels in free fatty acid-exposed cells. In conclusion, VD3 reduced fatty acid accumulation in THP-1-derived macrophages exposed to lipid excess. The anti-atherogenic effect of VD3 could be ascribable to the regulation of proteins involved in lipid transport and clearance.
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28
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Bouillon R, Antonio L, Olarte OR. Calcifediol (25OH Vitamin D3) Deficiency: A Risk Factor from Early to Old Age. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061168. [PMID: 35334824 PMCID: PMC8949915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is the main cause of nutritional rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. There is consensus that nutritional access to vitamin D can be estimated by measuring serum concentrations of 25OHD and vitamin D deficiency can thus be considered as calcifediol deficiency. However, the threshold for vitamin D/calcifediol sufficiency remains a matter of debate. Vitamin D/calcifediol deficiency has been associated with musculoskeletal effects but also multiple adverse extra-skeletal consequences. If these consequences improve or if they can be treated with vitamin D supplementation is still unclear. Observational studies suggest a higher infection risk in people with low calcifediol levels. There is also a consistent association between serum calcifediol and cardiovascular events and deaths, but large-scale, long-term intervention studies did not show any benefit on cardiovascular outcomes from supplementation, at least not in subjects without clear vitamin D deficiency. Cancer risk also did not change with vitamin D treatment, although there are some data that higher serum calcifediol is associated with longer survival in cancer patients. In pregnant women, vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight. Although preclinical studies showed that the vitamin D endocrine system plays a role in certain neural cells as well as brain structure and function, there is no evidence to support a beneficial effect of vitamin D in neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamin D supplementation may marginally affect overall mortality risk especially in elderly subjects with low serum calcifediol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leen Antonio
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oscar Rosero Olarte
- Clinical Endocrinology, Asociación Colombiana de Osteoporosis, Bogotá 500005, Colombia;
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29
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Feng X, Yao Y, Wu L, Cheng C, Tang Q, Xu S. Triglyceride-Glucose Index and the Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:175-186. [PMID: 35276743 DOI: 10.1055/a-1766-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Recent research has proposed a new inexpensive and reliable indicator of IR: triglyceride glucose index (TyG index). We aim to evaluate the dose-response association between the TyG index and stroke through meta-analysis. Literature published from inception until October 2021 were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science. Cohort studies published in English and focusing on the association between the TyG index and stroke were included in our meta-analysis. I2 statistic and Chi-square were used to assess the heterogeneity. When I2≥30% or p≤0.10, the random-effect model was used to pool the effect; otherwise, we chose the fixed-effect model. Eleven cohort studies, including 5 721 077 subjects and 95 490 stroke patients, were included in our study. After pooling the effect adjusted by multiple confounders, we found that compared with the lowest baseline TyG index group, the highest one was independently associated with increased stroke risk (RR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.29; I2=6%). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that the association between the two variables had a non-linear trend (p-nonlinearity<0.0001; p-heterogeneity=0.28). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of ischemic stroke was positively correlated with TyG index (RR: 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.62; I2=15%), while we did not observe this correlation in hemorrhagic stroke patients. In patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, the TyG index was linearly correlated with incident strokes. In conclusion, elevated TyG index is the independent risk factor for incident strokes (especially ischemic stroke).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingshan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shabei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang F, Wang J, Han Y, Shi X, Xu X, Hou C, Gao J, Zhu S, Liu X. Triglyceride-glucose index and stroke recurrence in elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1005614. [PMID: 36105408 PMCID: PMC9467280 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1005614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and stroke recurrence in elderly patients with ischemic stroke in China. METHODS We enrolled ischemic stroke patients aged ≥ 65 years from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. The primary endpoint was defined as recurrent stroke within one year after the index stroke. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to investigate the association between TyG index and stroke recurrence. We assessed the discriminative ability of TyG index with the receiver operative characteristic and the area under the curve. RESULTS A total of 955 patients (median age, 70.0 [67.0, 75.0]; male sex, 67.2%) from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program were enrolled. During one year follow-up, 97 (10.2%) elderly patients experienced stroke recurrence. In multivariable analyses, the association between TyG index and stroke recurrence remained significant after adjusting for confounders (quartile 4 versus quartile 1; hazard ratio, 2.073, 95% confidence interval, 1.158-3.711; P = 0.014). The restricted cubic spline showed an increasing trend for TyG index and stroke recurrence (P for non-linearity = 0.072). The area under the curve to predict stroke recurrence with TyG index was 0.719 (95% confidence interval, 0.666-0.772). Besides, TyG index slightly improved the prediction for stroke recurrence. CONCLUSION Elevated TyG index was associated with stroke recurrence in elderly patients with ischemic stroke. Further studies are warranted to assess the role of TyG index in the development of stroke recurrence in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanggen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanggen Zhu, ; Xinfeng Liu,
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanggen Zhu, ; Xinfeng Liu,
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Role and Treatment of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124349. [PMID: 34959901 PMCID: PMC8707041 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis have higher mortality than those without, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death. As CVD is caused by several mechanisms, insulin resistance plays an important role in CVD. This review summarizes the importance and mechanism of insulin resistance in CKD and discusses the current evidence regarding insulin resistance in patients with CKD and dialysis. Insulin resistance has been reported to influence endothelial dysfunction, plaque formation, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A recent study also reported an association between insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and malignancy. Insulin resistance increases as renal function decrease in patients with CKD and dialysis. Several mechanisms increase insulin resistance in patients with CKD, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, obesity, and mineral bone disorder. There is the possibility that insulin resistance is the potential future target of treatment in patients with CKD.
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Rai V, Radwan MM, Agrawal DK. IL-33, IL-37, and Vitamin D Interaction Mediate Immunomodulation of Inflammation in Degenerating Cartilage. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:41. [PMID: 34842603 PMCID: PMC8628513 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammation due to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the accumulation of inflammatory immune cells (mainly macrophages), and vitamin D deficiency leads to cartilage degeneration and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the effect of vitamin D status on the expression of mediators of inflammation including interleukin (IL)-33, IL-37, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, toll-like receptors (TLRs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in degenerating the cartilage of hyperlipidemic microswine. Additionally, in vitro studies with normal human chondrocytes were conducted to investigate the effect of calcitriol on the expression of IL-33, IL-37, IL-6, TNF-α, TLRs, DAMPs, and MMPs. We also studied the effects of calcitriol on macrophage polarization using THP-1 cells. The results of this study revealed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased expression of IL-33, IL-37, IL-6, TNF-α, TLRs, DAMPs, and MMPs, while vitamin D supplementation is associated with a decreased expression of the former. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased M1, while vitamin D-supplemented microswine cartilage showed increased M2 macrophages. It was also revealed that calcitriol favors M2 macrophage polarization. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that modulating expression of IL-33, IL-6, TNF-α, TLRs, DAMPs, and MMPs with vitamin D supplementation may serve as a novel therapeutic to attenuate inflammation and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (V.R.); (M.M.R.)
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Pereira-Dutra FS, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets diversity and functions in inflammation and immune response. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:809-825. [PMID: 34668810 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1995356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and evolutionary conserved lipid-enriched organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell- and stimulus-regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, accumulating evidence demonstrate that LDs act as spatial and temporal local for lipid and protein compartmentalization and signaling organization. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of LD protein diversity and LD functions in the context of cell signaling and immune responses, highlighting the relationship between LD composition with the multiple roles of this organelle in immunometabolism, inflammation and host-response to infection. EXPERT OPINION LDs are essential platforms for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and immune responses. The functions of LD in infection and inflammatory disease are associated with the dynamic and complexity of their proteome. Our contemporary view place LDs as critical regulators of different inflammatory and infectious diseases and key markers of leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Valle M, Mitchell PL, Pilon G, Varin T, Hénault L, Rolin J, McLeod R, Gill T, Richard D, Vohl MC, Jacques H, Gagnon C, Bazinet L, Marette A. Salmon peptides limit obesity-associated metabolic disorders by modulating a gut-liver axis in vitamin D-deficient mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1635-1649. [PMID: 34449134 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of a low-dose salmon peptide fraction (SPF) and vitamin D3 (VitD3 ) in obese and VitD3 -deficient mice at risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Obese and VitD3 -deficient low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)-/- /apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB)100/100 mice were treated with high-fat high-sucrose diets, with 25% of dietary proteins replaced by SPF or a nonfish protein mix (MP). The SPF and MP groups received a VitD3 -deficient diet or a supplementation of 15,000 IU of VitD3 per kilogram of diet. Glucose homeostasis, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut health were assessed. RESULTS VitD3 supplementation increased plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D to optimal status whereas the VitD3 -deficient diet maintained moderate deficiency. SPF-treated groups spent more energy and accumulated less visceral fat in association with an improved adipokine profile. SPF lowered homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance compared with MP, suggesting that SPF can improve insulin sensitivity. SPF alone blunted hepatic and colonic inflammation, whereas VitD3 supplementation attenuated ileal inflammation. These effects were associated with changes in gut microbiota such as increased Mogibacterium and Muribaculaceae. CONCLUSIONS SPF treatment improves MetS by modulating hepatic and gut inflammation along with gut microbiota, suggesting that SPF operates through a gut-liver axis. VitD3 supplementation has limited influence on MetS in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Valle
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault Varin
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Loïc Hénault
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rolin
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Roger McLeod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tom Gill
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Chang Villacreses MM, Karnchanasorn R, Panjawatanan P, Ou HY, Chiu KC. Conundrum of vitamin D on glucose and fuel homeostasis. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1363-1385. [PMID: 34630895 PMCID: PMC8472505 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endocrine hormone, vitamin D plays an important role in bone health and calcium homeostasis. Over the past two decades, the non-calcemic effects of vitamin D were extensively examined. Although the effect of vitamin D on beta cell function were known for some time, the effect of vitamin D on glucose and fuel homeostasis has attracted new interest among researchers. Yet, to date, studies remain inconclusive and controversial, in part, due to a lack of understanding of the threshold effects of vitamin D. In this review, a critical examination of interventional trials of vitamin D in prevention of diabetes is provided. Like use of vitamin D for bone loss, the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in diabetes prevention were observed in vitamin D-deficient subjects with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). The beneficial effect from vitamin D supplementation was not apparent in subjects with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D > 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL). Furthermore, no benefit was noted in subjects that achieved serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D > 100 nmol/L (40 ng/mL). Further studies are required to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercedes Chang Villacreses
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - Rudruidee Karnchanasorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Panadeekarn Panjawatanan
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY 13326, United States
| | - Horng-Yih Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Ken C Chiu
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
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Wang A, Tian X, Zuo Y, Chen S, Meng X, Wu S, Wang Y. Change in triglyceride-glucose index predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:113. [PMID: 34039351 PMCID: PMC8157734 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies has shown a significant relationship between baseline triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effect of longitudinal changes in TyG index on the risk of CVD remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between change in TyG index and the risk of CVD in the general population. METHODS The current study included 62,443 Chinese population who were free of CVD. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2], and change in TyG index was defined as the difference between the TyG index in 2010 and that in 2006. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to examine the association between change in TyG index and the risk of CVD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.01 years, 2530 (4.05%) incident CVD occurred, including 2018 (3.23%) incident stroke and 545 (0.87%) incident myocardial infarction (MI). The risk of developing CVD increased with the quartile of change in TyG index, after adjustment for multiple potential confounders, the hazard ratios for the Q4 group versus the Q1 group were 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.54) for the overall CVD, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.19-1.60) for stroke, and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.05-1.76) for MI. Restricted cubic spline analysis also showed a cumulative increase in the risk of CVD with increases in the magnitude of change in TyG index. The addition of change in TyG index to a baseline risk model for CVD improved the C-statistics (P = 0.0097), integrated discrimination improvement value (P < 0.0001), and category-free net reclassification improvement value (P < 0.0001). Similar results were observed for stroke and MI. CONCLUSIONS Substantial changes in TyG index independently predict the risk of CVD in the general population. Monitoring long-term changes in TyG may assist with in the early identification of individuals at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingting Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Xia Meng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Road, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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37
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Awad HH, El-Derany MO, Mantawy EM, Michel HE, El-Naa MM, Salah El-Din RA, El-Brairy AI, El-Demerdash E. Comparative study on beneficial effects of vitamins B and D in attenuating doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Emphasis on calcium homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111679. [PMID: 34029952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (DOX) to treat various tumors is limited by its cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cardioprotective effects of nicotinamide (NAM) and alfacalcidol (1α(OH)D3), against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Sprague Dawley male rats received DOX (5 mg/kg, i.p.) once/week for four consecutive weeks. Treated groups received either NAM (600 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 consecutive days or 1α(OH)D3 (0.5 ug/kg, i.p.) once/week for four consecutive weeks. DOX elicited marked cardiac tissue injury manifested by elevated serum cardiotoxicity indices, conduction and histopathological abnormalities. Both NAM and 1α(OH)D3 successfully reversed all these changes. From the mechanistic point of view, DOX provoked intense cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overload hence switching on calpain1 (CPN1) and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cascades as confirmed by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression. DOX also disrupted cardiac bioenergetics as evidenced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and a declined ATP/ADP ratio. Moreover, DOX upregulated the Ca2+ sensor; calmodulin kinase II gamma (CaMKII-δ) which further contributed to cardiac damage. Interestingly, co-treatment with either NAM or 1α(OH)D3 reversed all DOX associated abnormalities by preserving Ca2+ homeostasis, replenishing ATP stores and obstructing apoptotic events. Additionally, DOX prompted nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) dependent inflammatory responses and subsequently upregulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. Co-treatment with NAM or 1α(OH)D3 effectively obstructed these inflammatory signals. Remarkably, NAM showed superior beneficial cardioprotective properties over 1α(OH)D3. Both NAM and 1α(OH)D3 efficiently attenuated DOX-cardiomyopathy mainly via preserving Ca2+ homeostasis and diminishing apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. NAM definitely exhibited effective cardioprotective capabilities over 1α(OH)D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Awad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA University), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M El-Naa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Amany I El-Brairy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA University), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Tao J, Yang P, Xie L, Pu Y, Guo J, Jiao J, Sun L, Lu D. Gastrodin induces lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy to prevent the formation of foam cells via AMPK-FoxO1-TFEB signalling axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5769-5781. [PMID: 33973365 PMCID: PMC8184689 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of lipids and massive deposition of foam cells is a primary event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy and lysosomal function of atherosclerotic macrophages are impaired, which exacerbates the accumulation of lipid in macrophages and formation of foam cells. Gastrodin, a major active component of Gastrodia elata Bl., has exerted a protective effect on nervous system, but the effect of gastrodin on atherosclerotic vascular disease remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of gastrodin on autophagy and lysosomal function of foam cells and explored the mechanism underlying gastrodin's effect on the formation of foam cells. In an in vitro foam cell model constructed by incubating macrophages with oxygenized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), our results showed that lysosomal function and autophagy of foam cells were compromised. Gastrodin restored lysosomal function and autophagic activity via the induction of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. The restoration of lysosomal function and autophagic activity enhanced cholesterol efflux from macrophages, therefore, reducing lipid accumulation and preventing formation of foam cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated by gastrodin to promote phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), subsequently resulting in increased transcription factor EB (TFEB) expression. TFEB was activated by gastrodin to promote lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Our study revealed that the effect of gastrodin on foam cell formation and that induction of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy of foam cells through AMPK-FoxO1-TFEB signalling axis may be a novel therapeutic target of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liqiu Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuwei Pu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiazhi Guo
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianlin Jiao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhang D, Cheng C, Wang Y, Xue Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Feng M, Xu Z, Li W, Li X. The influence of VDR polymorphisms on the type 2 diabetes susceptibility in Chinese: an interaction with hypertriglyceridemia. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:837-844. [PMID: 33880640 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that mutations in vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been linked with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the interaction effect between VDR variants and environmental factors on the T2D susceptibility remained unclear. Therefore, the current study was conducted to explore the joint effect of VDR polymorphisms and serum triglyceride level on T2D. A total of 2017 participants were included in the cross-sectional study. Taqman probe assays were applied to rs3847987 and rs739837 genotyping. Multiple logistic regression and general linear model were used to examine the effect of interaction between VDR variants and TG on T2D susceptibility and fasting serum glucose, respectively. The results showed that rs739837 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D under the dominant model (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.02-1.66), after adjusting for potential risk factors. Meanwhile, there was a significant additive interaction between rs3847987 and hypertriglyceridemia (synergy index [SI]: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.23-7.23) and between rs739837 and hypertriglyceridemia (SI: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.05-5.31) on T2D susceptibility. Additionally, a significant linear association between fasting glucose and rs3847987 had been found at high triglyceride level (> 1.90 mmol/L) with an inversely concentration-dependent manner. The study provided further evidence that rs739837 and high level of triglyceride were both associated with higher T2D susceptibility in Chinese population. Additionally, the detrimental effect of VDR variants on T2D could be modified by hypertriglyceridemia status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Valle M, Mitchell PL, Pilon G, St-Pierre P, Varin T, Richard D, Vohl MC, Jacques H, Delvin E, Levy E, Gagnon C, Bazinet L, Marette A. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Does Not Prevent the Development of Metabolic Syndrome or Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:1175-1189. [PMID: 33851198 PMCID: PMC8112766 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecalciferol (D3) may improve inflammation, and thus provide protection from cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), although controversy remains. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FA) may also prevent the development of CMD, but the combined effects of ω-3FA and D3 are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We determined the chronic independent and combined effects of D3 and ω-3FA on body weight, glucose homeostasis, and markers of inflammation in obese mice. METHODS We gave 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, which had been fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF) diet (65.5% kcal fat, 19.8% kcal carbohydrate, and 14% kcal protein) for 12 weeks, either a standard D3 dose (+SD3; 1400 IU D3/kg diet) or a high D3 dose (+HD3; 15,000 IU D3/kg diet). We fed 1 +SD3 group and 1 +HD3 group with 4.36% (w/w) fish oil (+ω-3FA; 44% eicosapentaenoic acid, 25% docosahexaenoic acid), and fed the other 2 groups with corn oil [+omega-6 fatty acids (ω-6FA)]. A fifth group was fed a low-fat (LF; 15.5% kcal) diet. LF and HF+ω-6+SD3 differences were tested by a Student's t-test and HF treatment differences were tested by a 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS D3 supplementation in the +HD3 groups did not significantly increase plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] versus the +SD3 groups, but it increased 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels by 3.4 ng/mL in the HF+ω-6+HD3 group and 4.0 ng/mL in the HF+ω-3+HD3 group, representing 30% and 70%, respectively, of the total 25(OH)D3 increase. Energy expenditure increased in those mice fed diets +ω-3FA, by 3.9% in the HF+ω-3+SD3 group and 7.4% in the HF+ω-3+HD3 group, but it did not translate into lower body weight. The glucose tolerance curves of the HF+ω-3+SD3 and HF+ω-3+HD3 groups were improved by 11% and 17%, respectively, as compared to the respective +ω-6FA groups. D3 supplementation, within the ω-3FA groups, altered the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of S24-7 and Lachnospiraceae taxa compared to the standard dose, while within the ω-6FA groups, D3 supplementation did not modulate specific taxa. CONCLUSIONS Overall, D3 supplementation does not prevent CMD or enhance the beneficial effects of ω-3FA in vitamin D-sufficient obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Valle
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Pierre
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Thibault Varin
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Edgar Delvin
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Cruz-Pineda WD, Parra-Rojas I, Rodríguez-Ruíz HA, Illades-Aguiar B, Matia-García I, Garibay-Cerdenares OL. The regulatory role of insulin in energy metabolism and leukocyte functions. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:197-208. [PMID: 33724523 PMCID: PMC9291603 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru1220-847r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the hormone responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body, in addition to participating in lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. These functions are well characterized in the classic organ target cells that are responsible for general energy regulation: the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. However, these actions are not restricted to these tissues because insulin has been shown to affect most cells in the body. This review describes the role of insulin in leukocyte signaling pathways, metabolism and functions, and how insulin resistance could affect this signaling and deteriorate leukocyte metabolism and function, in addition to showing evidence that suggests leukocytes may substantially contribute to the development of systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter David Cruz-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Inés Matia-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
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42
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Wang A, Wang G, Liu Q, Zuo Y, Chen S, Tao B, Tian X, Wang P, Meng X, Wu S, Wang Y, Wang Y. Triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of stroke and its subtypes in the general population: an 11-year follow-up. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:46. [PMID: 33602208 PMCID: PMC7893902 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was recently suggested to be a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance. We aim to investigate the associations between baseline and long-term TyG index with subsequent stroke and its subtypes in a community-based cohort. Methods A total of 97,653 participants free of history of stroke in the Kailuan Study were included. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Baseline TyG index was measured during 2006–2007. Updated cumulative average TyG index used all available TyG index from baseline to the outcome events of interest or the end of follow up. The outcome was the first occurrence of stroke, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The associations of TyG index with outcomes were explored with Cox regression. Results During a median of 11.02 years of follow-up, 5122 participants developed stroke of whom 4277 were ischemic stroke, 880 intracerebral hemorrhage, and 144 subarachnoid hemorrhage. After adjusting for confounding variables, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of baseline TyG index, those in the third and fourth quartile were associated with an increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.33, and adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21–1.44, respectively, P for trend < 0.001). We also found a linear association between baseline TyG index with stroke. Similar results were found for ischemic stroke. However, no significant associations were observed between baseline TyG index and risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Parallel results were observed for the associations of updated cumulative average TyG index with outcomes. Conclusions Elevated levels of both baseline and long-term updated cumulative average TyG index can independently predict stroke and ischemic stroke but not intracerebral hemorrhage in the general population during an 11-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yingting Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No.57 Xinhua East Street, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Boni Tao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Penglian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, No.57 Xinhua East Street, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Surdu AM, Pînzariu O, Ciobanu DM, Negru AG, Căinap SS, Lazea C, Iacob D, Săraci G, Tirinescu D, Borda IM, Cismaru G. Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:172. [PMID: 33572397 PMCID: PMC7916166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mihai Surdu
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Pînzariu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Endocrinology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina-Gabriela Negru
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Simona-Sorana Căinap
- Pediatric Clinic No 2, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- Pediatric Clinic No 1, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Iacob
- Pediatric Clinic No 3, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - George Săraci
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Nephrology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ileana Monica Borda
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Cismaru
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Wang D, Su K, Ding Z, Zhang Z, Wang C. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Children. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:57-66. [PMID: 33469344 PMCID: PMC7812523 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s287205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and vitamin D deficiency, overweightness/obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a cohort of Han children residing in Hangzhou, China. Patients and Methods This study assessed 106 overweight/obese and 86 healthy (control) children. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene, namely, TaqI (rs731236 T > C), ApaI (rs7975232 C > A), BsmI (rs1544410 G > A), FokI (rs2228570 G >A), and Cdx2 (rs11568820 G > A), were genotyped by sequencing the total polymerase chain reaction products. The distributions of different genotypes and alleles were compared among different groups. Results The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was significantly lower in overweight/obese children, while the AA genotype of ApaI SNP exhibited higher frequencies in the overweight/obese group than in the control. Furthermore, children with the ApaI AA genotype showed higher levels of Glu-60min, Glu-90min, Glu-120min and triglyceride. The AA genotype of FokI SNP was significantly associated with MetS. However, no association was observed between the five VDR SNPs and the risk of vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion VDR ApaI polymorphisms appear to be correlated with overweightness/obesity and glucose intolerance. FokI polymorphisms may be linked to a higher susceptibility toward MetS in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunkai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Giustina A, Bouillon R, Binkley N, Sempos C, Adler RA, Bollerslev J, Dawson-Hughes B, Ebeling PR, Feldman D, Heijboer A, Jones G, Kovacs CS, Lazaretti-Castro M, Lips P, Marcocci C, Minisola S, Napoli N, Rizzoli R, Scragg R, White JH, Formenti AM, Bilezikian JP. Controversies in Vitamin D: A Statement From the Third International Conference. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10417. [PMID: 33354643 PMCID: PMC7745884 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Third International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in Gubbio, Italy, September 10–13, 2019. The conference was held as a follow‐up to previous meetings held in 2017 and 2018 to address topics of controversy in vitamin D research. The specific topics were selected by the steering committee of the conference and based upon areas that remain controversial from the preceding conferences. Other topics were selected anew that reflect specific topics that have surfaced since the last international conference. Consensus was achieved after formal presentations and open discussions among experts. As will be detailed in this article, consensus was achieved with regard to the following: the importance and prevalence of nutritional rickets, amounts of vitamin D that are typically generated by sun exposure, worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, the importance of circulating concentrations of 25OHD as the best index of vitamin D stores, definitions and thresholds of vitamin D deficiency, and efficacy of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of psoriasis. Areas of uncertainly and controversy include the following: daily doses of vitamin D needed to maintain a normal level of 25OHD in the general population, recommendations for supplementation in patients with metabolic bone diseases, cutaneous production of vitamin D by UVB exposure, hepatic regulation of 25OHD metabolites, definition of vitamin D excess, vitamin D deficiency in acute illness, vitamin D requirements during reproduction, potential for a broad spectrum of cellular and organ activities under the influence of the vitamin D receptor, and potential links between vitamin D and major human diseases. With specific regard to the latter area, the proceedings of the conference led to recommendations for areas in need of further investigation through appropriately designed intervention trials. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital Milan Italy
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and Ageing KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Neil Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program on Aging, University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | | | - Robert A Adler
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond VA USA
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway, and Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences Monash University Calyton Victoria Australia
| | - David Feldman
- Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Annemieke Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines University of Rome "Sapienza" Rome Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome Rome Italy.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
| | - Rene Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Geneva Switzerland
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital Milan Italy
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY USA
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Lontchi-Yimagou E, Kang S, Goyal A, Zhang K, You JY, Carey M, Jain S, Bhansali S, Kehlenbrink S, Guo P, Rosen ED, Kishore P, Hawkins M. Insulin-sensitizing effects of vitamin D repletion mediated by adipocyte vitamin D receptor: Studies in humans and mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101095. [PMID: 33045433 PMCID: PMC7585951 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis appear to contribute to insulin resistance in obesity. Vitamin D receptor (Vdr) genes are expressed by adipocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts, all of which could potentially play a role in adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis. As vitamin D has been shown to have direct anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes, we determined whether specific vitamin D receptor-mediated effects on adipocytes could impact adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis and ultimately insulin resistance. Methods We examined the effects of repleting vitamin D in 25(OH)D-deficient, insulin resistant, overweight-to-obese human subjects (n = 19). A comprehensive assessment of whole-body insulin action was undertaken with stepped euglycemic (∼90 mg/dL) hyperinsulinemic clamp studies both before and after the administration of vitamin D or placebo. Adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation were quantified by real-time rt-PCR and immunofluorescence in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. To determine whether vitamin D's effects are mediated through adipocytes, we conducted hyperinsulinemic clamp studies (4 mU/kg/min) and adipose tissue analysis using an adipocyte-specific vitamin D receptor knockout (VDR-KO) mouse model (adiponectin-Cre + VDR+/fl) following high-fat diet feeding for 12 weeks. Results 25(OH)D repletion was associated with reductions in adipose tissue expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes, decreased collagen immunofluorescence, and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in humans. Worsening trends after six months on placebo suggest progressive metabolic effects of 25(OH)D deficiency. Ad-VDR-KO mice mirrored the vitamin D-deficient humans, displaying increased adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance. Conclusions These complementary human and rodent studies support a beneficial role of vitamin D repletion for improving hepatic insulin resistance and reducing adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in targeted individuals, likely via direct effects on adipocytes. These studies have far-reaching implications for understanding the role of adipocytes in mediating adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis and ultimately impacting insulin sensitivity. Vitamin D repletion improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese insulin-resistant and vitamin D deficient human. Correcting vitamin D deficiency concomitantly reduced adipose tissue expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. Worsening trends in these metabolic parameters were observed following 6 months of uncorrected vitamin D deficiency. Adipocyte-specific depletion of VDR in mice induced adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3100, USA
| | | | - Kehao Zhang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jee Y You
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michelle Carey
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Swati Jain
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Sylvia Kehlenbrink
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Guo
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Preeti Kishore
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Kumar S, Nanduri R, Bhagyaraj E, Kalra R, Ahuja N, Chacko AP, Tiwari D, Sethi K, Saini A, Chandra V, Jain M, Gupta S, Bhatt D, Gupta P. Vitamin D3-VDR-PTPN6 axis mediated autophagy contributes to the inhibition of macrophage foam cell formation. Autophagy 2020; 17:2273-2289. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1822088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashi Kalra
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nancy Ahuja
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuja P. Chacko
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Saini
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bhatt
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Macrophage secretion of miR-106b-5p causes renin-dependent hypertension. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4798. [PMID: 32968066 PMCID: PMC7511948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells are known mediators of hypertension, but their role in initiating renin-induced hypertension has not been studied. Vitamin D deficiency causes pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration in metabolic tissues and is linked to renin-mediated hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that impaired vitamin D signaling in macrophages causes hypertension using conditional knockout of the myeloid vitamin D receptor in mice (KODMAC). These mice develop renin-dependent hypertension due to macrophage infiltration of the vasculature and direct activation of renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cell renin production. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in knockout macrophages increases miR-106b-5p secretion, which stimulates JG cell renin production via repression of transcription factors E2f1 and Pde3b. Moreover, in wild-type recipient mice of KODMAC/miR106b−/− bone marrow, knockout of miR-106b-5p prevents the hypertension and JG cell renin production induced by KODMAC macrophages, suggesting myeloid-specific, miR-106b-5p-dependent effects. These findings confirm macrophage miR-106b-5p secretion from impaired vitamin D receptor signaling causes inflammation-induced hypertension. Myeloid cells are involved in hypertension, but their exact role in renin-induced hypertension remains unclear. Here the authors show that impaired vitamin D signaling in myeloid cells causes hypertension via macrophage-specific miR-106b-5p secretion, which activates renin production in the kidney.
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Totonchi H, Rezaei R, Noori S, Azarpira N, Mokarram P, Imani D. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): A Meta-Analysis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:943-955. [PMID: 32767922 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200805101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have assessed the association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the exact association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of MetS. METHODS All accessible studies reporting the association between the FokI (rs2228570) or/and TaqI (rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232 polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor and susceptibility to MetS published prior to February 2019 were systematically searched in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. After that, Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the strength of the association in five genetic models. RESULTS A total of 9 articles based on four gene variations, and comprising 3348 participants with 1779 metabolic syndrome patients were included. The overall results suggested a significant association between BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS susceptibility in recessive model (OR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.55-0.95, fixed effect model), allelic model (OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, fixed effect model), and bb vs BB (OR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.46-0.93, fixed effect). However, no significant association was identified between TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism, ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphism, and FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism and MetS. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested an association between the BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS. Indeed, BsmI (rs1544410) acts as a protective factor in the MetS. As a result, the VDR gene could be regarded as a promising pharmacological and physiological target in the prevention or treatment of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Totonchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Danyal Imani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies have identified several effects of bile acids (BAs) in glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and body weight control, through receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. BAs are produced from cholesterol and characterized by their structures, which result from enzymes in the liver and the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to characterize the effects of BA structure and composition on diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The hydroxyl groups of BAs interact with binding pockets of receptors and enzymes that affect glucose homeostasis. Human and animal studies show that BA composition is associated with insulin resistance and food intake regulation. The hydroxylation of BAs and BA composition contributes to glucose regulation. Modulation of BA composition has the potential to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Russ Berrie Pavilion, Room 315, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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