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Shkair L, Sharma D, Hamza S, Garanina E, Shakirova V, Khaertynova I, Markelova M, Pavelkina V, Rizvanov A, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M, Martynova E. Cross-reactivity of hantavirus antibodies after immunization with PUUV antigens. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38779849 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nephropathia epidemica (NE), caused by Puumala (PUUV) orthohantavirus, is endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). There are limited options for NE prevention in RT. Currently, available vaccines are made using Haantan (HNTV) orthohantavirus antigens. In this study, the efficacy of microvesicles (MVs) loaded with PUUV antigens to induce the humoral immune response in small mammals was analyzed. Additionally, the cross-reactivity of serum from immunized small mammals and NE patients with HNTV, Dobrava, and Andes orthohantaviruses was investigated using nucleocapsid (N) protein peptide libraries. Finally, the selected peptides were analyzed for allergenicity, their ability to induce an autoimmune response, and their interaction with Class II HLA. Several N protein peptides were found to be cross-reactive with serum from MVs immunized small mammals. These cross-reactive epitopes were located in oligomerization perinuclear targeting and Daxx-interacting domains. Most cross-reactive peptides lack allergenic and autoimmune reactivity. Molecular docking revealed two cross-reacting peptides, N6 and N19, to have good binding with three Class II HLA alleles. These peptides could be candidates for developing vaccines and therapeutics for NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layaly Shkair
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Shaimaa Hamza
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Venara Shakirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilsiyar Khaertynova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Pavelkina
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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2
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LaPointe A, Gale M, Kell AM. Orthohantavirus Replication in the Context of Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1130. [PMID: 37243216 PMCID: PMC10220641 DOI: 10.3390/v15051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne, negative-sense RNA viruses that are capable of causing severe vascular disease in humans. Over the course of viral evolution, these viruses have tailored their replication cycles in such a way as to avoid and/or antagonize host innate immune responses. In the rodent reservoir, this results in life long asymptomatic infections. However, in hosts other than its co-evolved reservoir, the mechanisms for subduing the innate immune response may be less efficient or absent, potentially leading to disease and/or viral clearance. In the case of human orthohantavirus infection, the interaction of the innate immune response with viral replication is thought to give rise to severe vascular disease. The orthohantavirus field has made significant advancements in understanding how these viruses replicate and interact with host innate immune responses since their identification by Dr. Ho Wang Lee and colleagues in 1976. Therefore, the purpose of this review, as part of this special issue dedicated to Dr. Lee, was to summarize the current knowledge of orthohantavirus replication, how viral replication activates innate immunity, and how the host antiviral response, in turn, impacts viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn LaPointe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison M. Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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3
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Menke L, Sperber HS, Aji AK, Chiantia S, Schwarzer R, Sieben C. Advances in fluorescence microscopy for orthohantavirus research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023:6987530. [PMID: 36639937 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens responsible for a considerable disease burden globally. Partly due to our incomplete understanding of orthohantavirus replication, there is currently no effective antiviral treatment available. Recently, novel microscopy techniques and cutting-edge, automated image analysis algorithms have emerged, enabling to study cellular, subcellular and even molecular processes in unprecedented detail and depth. To date, fluorescence light microscopy allows us to visualize viral and cellular components and macromolecular complexes in live cells which in turn enables the study of specific steps of the viral replication cycle such as particle entry or protein trafficking at high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, we highlight how fluorescence microscopy has provided new insights and improved our understanding of orthohantavirus biology. We discuss technical challenges such as studying live infected cells, give alternatives with recombinant protein expression and highlight future opportunities for example the application of super-resolution microscopy techniques, which has shown great potential in studies of different cellular processes and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menke
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hannah S Sperber
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amit Koikkarah Aji
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Malet H, Williams HM, Cusack S, Rosenthal M. The mechanism of genome replication and transcription in bunyaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011060. [PMID: 36634042 PMCID: PMC9836281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bunyaviruses are negative sense, single-strand RNA viruses that infect a wide range of vertebrate, invertebrate and plant hosts. WHO lists three bunyavirus diseases as priority diseases requiring urgent development of medical countermeasures highlighting their high epidemic potential. While the viral large (L) protein containing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a key enzyme in the viral replication cycle and therefore a suitable drug target, our knowledge on the structure and activities of this multifunctional protein has, until recently, been very limited. However, in the last few years, facilitated by the technical advances in the field of cryogenic electron microscopy, many structures of bunyavirus L proteins have been solved. These structures significantly enhance our mechanistic understanding of bunyavirus genome replication and transcription processes and highlight differences and commonalities between the L proteins of different bunyavirus families. Here, we provide a review of our current understanding of genome replication and transcription in bunyaviruses with a focus on the viral L protein. Further, we compare within bunyaviruses and with the related influenza virus polymerase complex and highlight open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Malet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Harry M. Williams
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Rosenthal
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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Ding P, Summers MF. Sequestering the 5′‐cap for viral RNA packaging. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200104. [PMID: 36101513 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses evolved mechanisms for capping the 5'-ends of their plus-strand RNAs as a means of hijacking the eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing/translation machinery. Although capping is critical for replication, the RNAs of these viruses have other essential functions including their requirement to be packaged as either genomes or pre-genomes into progeny viruses. Recent studies indicate that human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) RNAs are segregated between splicing/translation and packaging functions by a mechanism that involves structural sequestration of the 5'-cap. Here, we examined studies reported for other viruses and retrotransposons that require both selective packaging of their RNAs and 5'-RNA capping for host-mediated translation. Our findings suggest that viruses and retrotransposons have evolved multiple mechanisms to control 5'-cap accessibility, consistent with the hypothesis that removal or sequestration of the 5' cap enables packageable RNAs to avoid capture by the cellular RNA processing and translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Michael F. Summers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA
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6
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Šantak M, Matić Z. The Role of Nucleoprotein in Immunity to Human Negative-Stranded RNA Viruses—Not Just Another Brick in the Viral Nucleocapsid. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030521. [PMID: 35336928 PMCID: PMC8955406 DOI: 10.3390/v14030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-stranded RNA viruses (NSVs) are important human pathogens, including emerging and reemerging viruses that cause respiratory, hemorrhagic and other severe illnesses. Vaccine design traditionally relies on the viral surface glycoproteins. However, surface glycoproteins rarely elicit effective long-term immunity due to high variability. Therefore, an alternative approach is to include conserved structural proteins such as nucleoprotein (NP). NP is engaged in myriad processes in the viral life cycle: coating and protection of viral RNA, regulation of transcription/replication processes and induction of immunosuppression of the host. A broad heterosubtypic T-cellular protection was ascribed very early to this protein. In contrast, the understanding of the humoral immunity to NP is very limited in spite of the high titer of non-neutralizing NP-specific antibodies raised upon natural infection or immunization. In this review, the data with important implications for the understanding of the role of NP in the immune response to human NSVs are revisited. Major implications of the elicited T-cell immune responses to NP are evaluated, and the possible multiple mechanisms of the neglected humoral response to NP are discussed. The intention of this review is to remind that NP is a very promising target for the development of future vaccines.
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7
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Welke RW, Sperber HS, Bergmann R, Koikkarah A, Menke L, Sieben C, Krüger DH, Chiantia S, Herrmann A, Schwarzer R. Characterization of Hantavirus N Protein Intracellular Dynamics and Localization. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030457. [PMID: 35336863 PMCID: PMC8954124 DOI: 10.3390/v14030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection. In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn. We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies. Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other. Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-William Welke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (R.-W.W.); (R.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Hannah Sabeth Sperber
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Ronny Bergmann
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (R.-W.W.); (R.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Amit Koikkarah
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Laura Menke
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.M.); (C.S.)
- Institute for Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Detlev H. Krüger
- Institut für Virologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gliedkörperschaft der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (R.-W.W.); (R.B.); (A.H.)
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Meier K, Thorkelsson SR, Quemin ERJ, Rosenthal M. Hantavirus Replication Cycle-An Updated Structural Virology Perspective. Viruses 2021; 13:1561. [PMID: 34452426 PMCID: PMC8402763 DOI: 10.3390/v13081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses infect a wide range of hosts including insectivores and rodents and can also cause zoonotic infections in humans, which can lead to severe disease with possible fatal outcomes. Hantavirus outbreaks are usually linked to the population dynamics of the host animals and their habitats being in close proximity to humans, which is becoming increasingly important in a globalized world. Currently there is neither an approved vaccine nor a specific and effective antiviral treatment available for use in humans. Hantaviruses belong to the order Bunyavirales with a tri-segmented negative-sense RNA genome. They encode only five viral proteins and replicate and transcribe their genome in the cytoplasm of infected cells. However, many details of the viral amplification cycle are still unknown. In recent years, structural biology methods such as cryo-electron tomography, cryo-electron microscopy, and crystallography have contributed essentially to our understanding of virus entry by membrane fusion as well as genome encapsidation by the nucleoprotein. In this review, we provide an update on the hantavirus replication cycle with a special focus on structural virology aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meier
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sigurdur R. Thorkelsson
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Emmanuelle R. J. Quemin
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Maria Rosenthal
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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The Serological Cross-Detection of Bat-Borne Hantaviruses: A Valid Strategy or Taking Chances? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071188. [PMID: 34206220 PMCID: PMC8309984 DOI: 10.3390/v13071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are hosts of a range of viruses, and their great diversity and unique characteristics that distinguish them from all other mammals have been related to the maintenance, evolution, and dissemination of these pathogens. Recently, very divergent hantaviruses have been discovered in distinct species of bats worldwide, but their association with human disease remains unclear. Considering the low success rates of detecting hantavirus RNA in bat tissues and that to date no hantaviruses have been isolated from bat samples, immunodiagnostic tools could be very helpful to understand pathogenesis, epidemiology, and geographic range of bat-borne hantaviruses. In this sense, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell epitopes present on bat-borne hantaviruses nucleoprotein (NP) and verify if they are conserved among them and other selected members of Mammantavirinae, using a combination of (the three most used) different prediction algorithms, ELLIPRO, Discotope 2.0, and PEPITO server. To support our data, we in silico modeled 3D structures of NPs from representative members of bat-borne hantaviruses, using comparative and ab initio methods due to the absence of crystallographic structures of studied proteins or similar models in the Protein Data Bank. Our analysis demonstrated the antigenic complexity of the bat-borne hantaviruses group, showing a low sequence conservation of epitopes among members of its own group and a minor conservation degree in comparison to Orthohantavirus, with a recognized importance to public health. Our data suggest that the use of recombinant rodent-borne hantavirus NPs to cross-detect antibodies against bat- or shrew-borne viruses could underestimate the real impact of this virus in nature.
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10
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Yarovaya OI, Kovaleva KS, Zaykovskaya AA, Yashina LN, Scherbakova NS, Scherbakov DN, Borisevich SS, Zubkov FI, Antonova AS, Peshkov RY, Eltsov IV, Pyankov OV, Maksyutov RA, Salakhutdinov NF. New class of hantaan virus inhibitors based on conjugation of the isoindole fragment to (+)-camphor or (-)-fenchone hydrazonesv. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127926. [PMID: 33705902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design and synthesis of camphor, fenchone, and norcamphor N-acylhydrazone derivatives as a new class of inhibitors of the Hantaan virus, which causes haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). A cytopathic model was developed for testing chemotherapeutics against the Hantaan virus, strain 76-118. In addition, a study of the antiviral activity was carried out using a pseudoviral system. It was found that the hit compound possesses significant activity (IC50 = 7.6 ± 2 µM) along with low toxicity (CC50 > 1000 µM). Using molecular docking procedures, the binding with Hantavirus nucleoprotein was evaluated and the correlation between the structure of the synthesised compounds and the antiviral activity was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Yarovaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev av., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Kovaleva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev av., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna A Zaykovskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Liudmila N Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Nadezda S Scherbakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Scherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Sophia S Borisevich
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, RAS, Octyabrya pr., 71, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Fedor I Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Roman Yu Peshkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ilia V Eltsov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg V Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Rinat A Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev av., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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11
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Singh H, Kaur H, Medhi B. Novel therapeutic approaches toward Hantaan virus and its clinical features' similarity with COVID-19. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:347-355. [PMID: 33283765 PMCID: PMC8025769 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_1001_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic virus spill over in human community has been an intensive area of viral pathogenesis and the outbreak of Hantaan virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) after late December 2019 caused a global threat. Hantaan virus is second to the COVID-19 outbreak in China with seven cases positive and one death. Both RNA viruses have opposite sense as in (-) for Hantaan virus and (+) for SARS CoV2 but have similarity in the pathogenesis and relevant clinical features including dry cough, high fever, shortness of breath, and SARS associated with pneumonia and certain reported cases with multiple organ failure. Although COVID-19 has global impact with high death toll, Hantaan virus has varyingly high mortality rate between 1% and 40%. Hence, there is a need to explore novel therapeutic targets in Hantaan virus due to its rapid evolution rate in its genetic makeup which governs virulence and target host cells. This review emphasizes the importance of structural and nonstructural proteins of Hantaan virus with relevant insight from SARS CoV2. The envelope glycoproteins such as Gn, Gc, and nucleocapsid protein (N) direct the viral assembly and replication in host cells. Therapeutic treatment has similarity in using ribavirin and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation but lack of efficacious treatment in both cases of SARAS CoV2 and Hantaan virus. Therefore, potential features regarding therapeutic targets for drug discovery for Hantaan viruses are discussed herewith. The conclusive description highlights that N protein is substantially involved in evoking immune response and induces symptoms and could be precursive target for drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Brothers in Arms: Structure, Assembly and Function of Arenaviridae Nucleoprotein. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070772. [PMID: 32708976 PMCID: PMC7411964 DOI: 10.3390/v12070772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arenaviridae is a family of viruses harbouring important emerging pathogens belonging to the Bunyavirales order. Like in other segmented negative strand RNA viruses, the nucleoprotein (NP) is a major actor of the viral life cycle being both (i) the necessary co-factor of the polymerase present in the L protein, and (ii) the last line of defence of the viral genome (vRNA) by physically hiding its presence in the cytoplasm. The NP is also one of the major players interfering with the immune system. Several structural studies of NP have shown that it features two domains: a globular RNA binding domain (NP-core) in its N-terminal and an exonuclease domain (ExoN) in its C-terminal. Further studies have observed that significant conformational changes are necessary for RNA encapsidation. In this review we revisited the most recent structural and functional data available on Arenaviridae NP, compared to other Bunyavirales nucleoproteins and explored the structural and functional implications. We review the variety of structural motif extensions involved in NP–NP binding mode. We also evaluate the major functional implications of NP interactome and the role of ExoN, thus making the NP a target of choice for future vaccine and antiviral therapy.
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13
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Ma Y, Tang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jin B, Ma Y. Design and synthesis of HLA-A*02-restricted Hantaan virus multiple-antigenic peptide for CD8 + T cells. Virol J 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32005266 PMCID: PMC6995102 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaan virus (HTNV) can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans with severe morbidity and high mortality. Although inactivated HFRS vaccines are given annually for prevention in populations, China still has the highest number of HFRS cases and deaths worldwide. Consequently, vaccination for HFRS requires the development of novel, more effective vaccines. Epitope peptide vaccines have been developed rapidly in recent years and are considered a novel approach for the prevention of infection. Specifically, the multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) design with preferable immunogenicity can arouse a satisfactory immune response for vaccination. However, there are few reports on the design and evaluation of MAP for HTNV. Methods Three HLA-A*02-restricted 9-mer cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes on HTNV glycoprotein and one HLA-A*02-restricted 9-mer CTL epitope on the HTNV nucleocapsid, which have been proven to be immunoprotective in our previous study, were selected for the design of HTNV MAP. A four-branched HTNV MAP was evaluated by the IFN-γ-secreting enzyme-linked immunospot assay and proliferation induction capacity of CD8+ T cells and compared with the single HTNV CTL epitope in 17 HLA-A*02+ patients with HFRS. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison of parameters between different subject groups. Results The macromolecular HTNV MAP was designed with a polylysine core and four radially branched single CTL epitope chains. Importantly, HTNV MAP could stimulate CD8+ T cell secretion of IFN-γ in HLA-A*02+ patients with HFRS. The frequency of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the MAP stimulation group was significantly higher than that in the single HTNV CTL epitope stimulation groups (P < 0.005). Meanwhile, the activity of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the HTNV MAP group was also higher than that of the single CTL epitope groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a much stronger ability of HTNV MAP to stimulate CD8+ T cell proliferation compared with that of a single HTNV CTL epitope. Conclusions The designed HTNV MAP could induce CTL responses ex vivo and may be considered a candidate for the design and development of novel HTNV peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- The Fourth Team, Academy of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Olschewski S, Cusack S, Rosenthal M. The Cap-Snatching Mechanism of Bunyaviruses. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:293-303. [PMID: 31948728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In common with all segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, bunyavirus transcripts contain heterologous sequences at their 5' termini originating from capped host cell RNAs. These heterologous sequences are acquired by a so-called cap-snatching mechanism. Whereas for nuclear replicating influenza virus the source of capped primers as well as the cap-binding and endonuclease activities of the viral polymerase needed for cap snatching have been functionally and structurally well characterized, our knowledge on the expected counterparts of cytoplasmic replicating bunyaviruses is still limited and controversial. This review focuses on the cap-snatching mechanism of bunyaviruses in the light of recent structural and functional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Olschewski
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Rosenthal
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Conte FDP, Tinoco BC, Santos Chaves T, de Oliveira RC, Figueira Mansur J, Mohana-Borges R, de Lemos ERS, Neves PCDC, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN. Identification and validation of specific B-cell epitopes of hantaviruses associated to hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007915. [PMID: 31841521 PMCID: PMC6913923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orthohantavirus infection is a neglected global health problem affecting approximately 200,000 people/year, spread by rodent hosts and associated to fatal human diseases, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and orthohantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Circulation of HFRS-associated orthohantaviruses, such as Seoul, Gou, Amur, Dobrava and Hantaan, are supposed to be restricted to Eurasian countries even though their hosts can be a worldwide distribution. Few confirmed HFRS orthohantavirus infections in humans have been reported in American countries, but due to lower medical awareness of the symptoms of this zoonosis, it could be associated to viral underreporting or to misdiagnosis with several tropical hemorrhagic diseases. Serological evidence of orthohantavirus infections, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of immunoglobulin M and G against recombinant nucleoprotein protein, remains as an essential assay for viral surveillance. In this study, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell linear epitopes present on orthohantavirus nucleoprotein that are exclusive to HFRS-related species. Methodology/Principal findings In silico analysis were performed using Seoul orthohantavirus nucleoprotein (SHNP) sequence as a model. Linear B-cell-epitopes on SHNP and its immunogenicity were predicted by BepiPred-2.0 and Vaxijen algorithms, respectively. The conservancy of predicted epitopes was compared with the most clinically relevant HFRS or HCPS-associated orthohantavirus, aiming to identify specific sequences from HFRS-orthohantavirus. Peptide validation was carried out by ELISA using Balb/c mice sera immunized with purified recombinant rSHNP. Peptides cross-reactivity against HCPS orthohantavirus were evaluated using immunized sera from mice injected with recombinant Juquitiba orthohantavirus nucleoprotein (rJHNP). Conclusion/Significance In silico analysis revealed nine potential immunogenic linear B-cell epitopes from SHNP; among them, SHNP(G72-D110) and SHNP(P251-D264) showed a high degree of sequence conservation among HFRS-related orthohantavirus and were experimentally validated against rSHNP-IMS and negatively validated against rJHNP-IMS. Taken together, we identified and validated two potential antigenic B-cell epitopes on SHNP, which were conserved among HFRS-associated orthohantavirus and could be applied to the development of novel immunodiagnostic tools for orthohantavirus surveillance. Orthohantaviruses are the etiological agents of serious rodent-borne neglected human diseases named as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and orthohantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). These distinct clinical manifestations of disease are related to specific orthohantavirus species and it is believed that HFRS-associated orthohantavirus mainly circulate into Old World (Asia and Europe) whereas HCPS-associated orthohantaviruses are predominant into New World countries (Americas). However, since Seoul orthohantavirus, associated with HFRS, was isolated in America and its natural host (Rattus norvegicus) are widely distributed around the world, it raised the question if the viral underreporting is associated to lower medical awareness of the symptoms or if it is associated to misdiagnosis with other tropical hemorrhagic diseases (leptospirosis, yellow fever). In this context, considering that the HFRS are clinically indistinguishable from order hemorrhagic diseases, and that serological tests are predominantly based on serology tests against nucleoprotein, a highly conserved protein among different orthohantavirus, we hypothesize that current available tests do not detect all HFRS-associated orthohantavirus. In this sense; we aimed to identify B-cell linear epitopes exclusively conserved on HFRS-associated orthohantavirus nucleoprotein, using a combination of in silico and experimental approaches, to identify targets that could be applied in the development of novel immunodiagnostic tools able to identify different HFRS orthohantavirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Paiva Conte
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Corrêa Tinoco
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Chaves
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Immunobiological Technology Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Figueira Mansur
- Laboratório Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Ter Horst S, Conceição-Neto N, Neyts J, Rocha-Pereira J. Structural and functional similarities in bunyaviruses: Perspectives for pan-bunya antivirals. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2039. [PMID: 30746831 PMCID: PMC7169261 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The order of Bunyavirales includes numerous (re)emerging viruses that collectively have a major impact on human and animal health worldwide. There are no vaccines for human use or antiviral drugs available to prevent or treat infections with any of these viruses. The development of efficacious and safe drugs and vaccines is a pressing matter. Ideally, such antivirals possess pan‐bunyavirus antiviral activity, allowing the containment of every bunya‐related threat. The fact that many bunyaviruses need to be handled in laboratories with biosafety level 3 or 4, the great variety of species and the frequent emergence of novel species complicate such efforts. We here examined the potential druggable targets of bunyaviruses, together with the level of conservation of their biological functions, structure, and genetic similarity by means of heatmap analysis. In the light of this, we revised the available models and tools currently available, pointing out directions for antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Ter Horst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nádia Conceição-Neto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Arragain B, Reguera J, Desfosses A, Gutsche I, Schoehn G, Malet H. High resolution cryo-EM structure of the helical RNA-bound Hantaan virus nucleocapsid reveals its assembly mechanisms. eLife 2019; 8:43075. [PMID: 30638449 PMCID: PMC6365055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-strand RNA viruses condense their genome into helical nucleocapsids that constitute essential templates for viral replication and transcription. The intrinsic flexibility of nucleocapsids usually prevents their full-length structural characterisation at high resolution. Here, we describe purification of full-length recombinant metastable helical nucleocapsid of Hantaan virus (Hantaviridae family, Bunyavirales order) and determine its structure at 3.3 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure reveals the mechanisms of helical multimerisation via sub-domain exchanges between protomers and highlights nucleotide positions in a continuous positively charged groove compatible with viral genome binding. It uncovers key sites for future structure-based design of antivirals that are currently lacking to counteract life-threatening hantavirus infections. The structure also suggests a model of nucleoprotein-polymerase interaction that would enable replication and transcription solely upon local disruption of the nucleocapsid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Arragain
- Electron Microscopy and Methods Group, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Reguera
- Complexes Macromoléculaires Viraux, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Ambroise Desfosses
- Electron Microscopy and Methods Group, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Irina Gutsche
- Electron Microscopy and Methods Group, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Electron Microscopy and Methods Group, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Malet
- Electron Microscopy and Methods Group, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
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18
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Monchatre-Leroy E, Murri S, Castel G, Calavas D, Boué F, Hénaux V, Marianneau P. First insights into Puumala orthohantavirus circulation in a rodent population in Alsace, France. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:540-551. [PMID: 29577655 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In-depth knowledge on the mechanisms that maintain infection by a zoonotic pathogen in an animal reservoir is the key to predicting and preventing transmission to humans. The Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), the most prevalent orthohantavirus in Western Europe, causes a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. In France, this endemic illness affects the north-eastern part of the country. We conducted a 4-year capture-mark-recapture study in a bank vole population, combined with molecular analyses, to explore the epidemiological situation of PUUV in Alsace, a French region where human cases have occurred, but for which no studies have been conducted on this reservoir host. PUUV-infected bank voles were detected in the 2 years that showed high bank vole density with a prevalence of 4%. The individual PUUV sequences identified in this study were similar from year to year and similar to other French sequences. On a very small spatial scale, the distribution of seropositive bank voles was very heterogeneous in time and space. The short distances travelled on average by bank voles resulted in spatial clusters of seropositive rodents, which spread only very gradually throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Murri
- Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité de virologie, Lyon, France
| | - G Castel
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - D Calavas
- Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité d'épidémiologie, Lyon, France
| | - F Boué
- Laboratoire de la rage et de la Faune Sauvage, ANSES, Nancy, France
| | - V Hénaux
- Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité d'épidémiologie, Lyon, France
| | - P Marianneau
- Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité de virologie, Lyon, France
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19
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Sun Y, Li J, Gao GF, Tien P, Liu W. Bunyavirales ribonucleoproteins: the viral replication and transcription machinery. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29516765 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1446901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Bunyavirales order is one of the largest groups of segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which includes many pathogenic strains that cause severe human diseases. The RNA segments of the bunyavirus genome are separately encapsidated by multiple copies of nucleoprotein (N), and both termini of each N-encapsidated genomic RNA segment bind to one copy of the viral L polymerase protein. The viral genomic RNA, N and L protein together form the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that constitutes the molecular machinery for viral genome replication and transcription. Recently, breakthroughs have been achieved in understanding the architecture of bunyavirus RNPs with the determination of the atomic structures of the N and L proteins from various members of this order. In this review, we discuss the structures and functions of these bunyavirus RNP components, as well as viral genome replication and transcription mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Sun
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Li
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - George F Gao
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Po Tien
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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20
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Abstract
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus (NSRV) is featured by their ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed by viral polymerase and genomic RNA enwrapped by nucleocapsid protein (NP). The RNP is packaged in virions and plays a central role throughout virus lifecycle. In the past decade, structural biology presents molecular insights into NPs encoded by most representative NSRVs, helping to understand the mechanism of RNP formation. Interestingly, works initiated from structural biology also reveal unexpected biological functions of virus NP beyond a structural protein. All these further the knowledge of virus NP and provide great potential for the discovery of antiviral agents to target virus RNP formation. In this chapter, we will summarize the structures and functions of viral NPs, as well as the attempt of NP-targeted antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Reuter M, Krüger DH. The nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses: much more than a genome-wrapping protein. Virus Genes 2017; 54:5-16. [PMID: 29159494 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of hantaviruses represents an impressive example of a viral multifunctional protein. It encompasses properties as diverse as genome packaging, RNA chaperoning, intracellular protein transport, DNA degradation, intervention in host translation, and restricting host immune responses. These functions all rely on the capability of N to interact with RNA and other viral and cellular proteins. We have compiled data on the N protein of different hantavirus species together with information of the recently published three-dimensional structural data of the protein. The array of diverse functional activities accommodated in the hantaviral N protein goes far beyond to be a static structural protein and makes it an interesting target in the development of antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Reuter
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Distinct Mechanism for the Formation of the Ribonucleoprotein Complex of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00892-17. [PMID: 28904194 PMCID: PMC5686726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00892-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) belongs to the Tospovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family and represents the sole plant-infecting group within bunyavirus. TSWV encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N) which encapsidates the RNA genome to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). In addition, the N has multiple roles during the infection of plant cells. Here, we report the crystal structure of the full-length TSWV N. The N features a body domain consisting of an N-lobe and a C-lobe. These lobes clamp a positively charged groove which may constitute the RNA binding site. Furthermore, the body domains are flanked by N- and C-terminal arms which mediate homotypic interactions to the neighboring subunits, resulting in a ring-shaped N trimer. Interestingly, the C terminus of one protomer forms an additional interaction with the protomer of an adjacent trimer in the crystal, which may constitute a higher-order oligomerization contact. In this way, this study provides insights into the structure and trimeric assembly of TSWV N, which help to explain previous functional findings, but also suggests distinct N interactions within a higher-order RNP.IMPORTANCE TSWV is one of the most devastating plant pathogens that cause severe diseases in numerous agronomic and ornamental crops worldwide. TSWV is also the prototypic member of the Tospovirus genus, which is the sole group of plant-infecting viruses in the bunyavirus family. This study determined the structure of full-length TSWV N in an oligomeric state. The structural observations explain previously identified biological properties of TSWV N. Most importantly, the additional homotypic interaction between the C terminus of one protomer with another protomer indicates that there is a distinct mechanism of RNP formation in the bunyavirus family, thereby enhancing the current knowledge of negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus-encoded N. TSWV N is the last remaining representative N with an unknown structure in the bunyavirus family. Combined with previous studies, the structure of TSWV N helps to build a complete picture of the bunyavirus-encoded N family and reveals a close evolutionary relationship between orthobunyavirus, phlebovirus, hantavirus, and tospovirus.
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Yang J, Sun JF, Wang TT, Guo XH, Wei JX, Jia LT, Yang AG. Targeted inhibition of hantavirus replication and intracranial pathogenesis by a chimeric protein-delivered siRNA. Antiviral Res 2017; 147:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Asymmetric Trimeric Ring Structure of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Tospovirus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01002-17. [PMID: 28768868 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01002-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), belonging to the genus Tospovirus of the family Bunyaviridae, causes significant economic damage to several vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide. Similar to those of all other negative-strand RNA viruses, the nucleocapsid (N) protein plays very important roles in its viral life cycle. N proteins protect genomic RNAs by encapsidation and form a viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) with some RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Here we show the crystal structure of the N protein from TSWV. Protomers of TSWV N proteins consist of three parts: the N arm, C arm, and core domain. Unlike N proteins of other negative-strand RNA viruses, the TSWV N protein forms an asymmetric trimeric ring. To form the trimeric ring, the N and C arms of the N protein interact with the core domains of two adjacent N proteins. By solving the crystal structures of the TSWV N protein with nucleic acids, we showed that an inner cleft of the asymmetric trimeric ring is an RNA-binding site. These characteristics are similar to those of N proteins of other viruses of the family Bunyaviridae Based on these observations, we discuss possibilities of a TSWV encapsidation model.IMPORTANCE Tospoviruses cause significant crop losses throughout the world. Particularly, TSWV has an extremely wide host range (>1,000 plant species, including dicots and monocots), and worldwide losses are estimated to be in excess of $1 billion annually. Despite such importance, no proteins of tospoviruses have been elucidated so far. Among TSWV-encoded proteins, the N protein is required for assembling the viral genomic RNA into the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP), which is involved in various steps of the life cycle of these viruses, such as RNA replication, virus particle formation, and cell-to-cell movement. This study revealed the structure of the N protein, with or without nucleic acids, of TSWV as the first virus of the genus Tospovirus, so it completed our view of the N proteins of the family Bunyaviridae.
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Laenen L, Dellicour S, Vergote V, Nauwelaers I, De Coster S, Verbeeck I, Vanmechelen B, Lemey P, Maes P. Spatio-temporal analysis of Nova virus, a divergent hantavirus circulating in the European mole in Belgium. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5994-6008. [PMID: 27862516 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the recognized host range of hantaviruses has expanded considerably with the discovery of distinct hantaviruses in shrews, moles and bats. Unfortunately, in-depth studies of these viruses have been limited. Here we describe a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution, genetic diversity and evolution of Nova virus, a hantavirus that has the European mole as its natural host. Our analysis demonstrated that Nova virus has a high prevalence and widespread distribution in Belgium. While Nova virus displayed relatively high nucleotide diversity in Belgium, amino acid changes were limited. The nucleocapsid protein was subjected to strong purifying selection, reflecting the strict evolutionary constraints placed upon Nova virus by its host. Spatio-temporal analysis using Bayesian evolutionary inference techniques demonstrated that Nova virus had efficiently spread in the European mole population in Belgium, forming two distinct clades, representing east and west of Belgium. The influence of landscape barriers, in the form of the main waterways, on the dispersal velocity of Nova virus was assessed using an analytical framework for comparing Bayesian viral phylogenies with environmental landscape data. We demonstrated that waterways did not act as an environmental resistance factor slowing down Nova virus diffusion in the mole population. With this study, we provide information about the spatial diffusion of Nova virus and contribute sequence information that can be applied in further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inne Nauwelaers
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Coster
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Verbeeck
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Möncke-Buchner E, Szczepek M, Bokelmann M, Heinemann P, Raftery MJ, Krüger DH, Reuter M. Sin Nombre hantavirus nucleocapsid protein exhibits a metal-dependent DNA-specific endonucleolytic activity. Virology 2016; 496:67-76. [PMID: 27261891 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the nucleocapsid protein of Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV-N) has a DNA-specific endonuclease activity. Upon incubation of SNV-N with DNA in the presence of magnesium or manganese, we observed DNA digestion in sequence-unspecific manner. In contrast, RNA was not affected under the same conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment of SNV-N with RNase before DNA cleavage increased the endonucleolytic activity. Structure-based protein fold prediction using known structures from the PDB database revealed that Asp residues in positions 88 and 103 of SNV-N show sequence similarity with the active site of the restriction endonuclease HindIII. Crystal structure of HindIII predicts that residues Asp93 and Asp108 are essential for coordination of the metal ions required for HindIII DNA cleavage. Therefore, we hypothesized that homologous residues in SNV-N, Asp88 and Asp103, may have a similar function. Replacing Asp88 and Asp103 by alanine led to an SNV-N protein almost completely abrogated for endonuclease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Szczepek
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Bokelmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Heinemann
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Reuter
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Albornoz A, Hoffmann AB, Lozach PY, Tischler ND. Early Bunyavirus-Host Cell Interactions. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050143. [PMID: 27213430 PMCID: PMC4885098 DOI: 10.3390/v8050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bunyaviridae is the largest family of RNA viruses, with over 350 members worldwide. Several of these viruses cause severe diseases in livestock and humans. With an increasing number and frequency of outbreaks, bunyaviruses represent a growing threat to public health and agricultural productivity globally. Yet, the receptors, cellular factors and endocytic pathways used by these emerging pathogens to infect cells remain largely uncharacterized. The focus of this review is on the early steps of bunyavirus infection, from virus binding to penetration from endosomes. We address current knowledge and advances for members from each genus in the Bunyaviridae family regarding virus receptors, uptake, intracellular trafficking and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelina Albornoz
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, 7780272 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Anja B Hoffmann
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- CellNetworks-Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nicole D Tischler
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, 7780272 Santiago, Chile.
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