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Vaccaro A, van de Walle T, Ramachandran M, Essand M, Dimberg A. Of mice and lymphoid aggregates: modeling tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275378. [PMID: 37954592 PMCID: PMC10639130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymph node-like aggregates that can form in association with chronic inflammation or cancer. Mature TLS are organized into B and T cell zones, and are not encapsulated but include all cell types necessary for eliciting an adaptive immune response. TLS have been observed in various cancer types and are generally associated with a positive prognosis as well as increased sensitivity to cancer immunotherapy. However, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of TLS in eliciting anti-tumor immunity as well as the mechanisms involved in their formation and function is still lacking. Further studies in orthotopic, immunocompetent cancer models are necessary to evaluate the influence of TLS on cancer therapies, and to develop new treatments that promote their formation in cancer. Here, we review key insights obtained from functional murine studies, discuss appropriate models that can be used to study cancer-associated TLS, and suggest guidelines on how to identify TLS and distinguish them from other antigen-presenting niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vaccaro
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Vaccaro, ; Tiarne van de Walle, ; Anna Dimberg,
| | | | | | | | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Dundar B, Markwell SM, Sharma NV, Olson CL, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ. Methods for in vitro modeling of glioma invasion: Choosing tools to meet the need. Glia 2020; 68:2173-2191. [PMID: 32134155 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Widespread tumor cell invasion is a fundamental property of diffuse gliomas and is ultimately responsible for their poor prognosis. A greater understanding of basic mechanisms underlying glioma invasion is needed to provide insights into therapies that could potentially counteract them. While none of the currently available in vitro models can fully recapitulate the complex interactions of glioma cells within the brain tumor microenvironment, if chosen and developed appropriately, these models can provide controlled experimental settings to study molecular and cellular phenomena that are challenging or impossible to model in vivo. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate in vitro model, together with its inherent advantages and limitations, for specific hypotheses and experimental questions achieves primary significance. In this review, we describe and discuss commonly used methods for modeling and studying glioma invasion in vitro, including platforms, matrices, cell culture, and visualization techniques, so that choices for experimental approach are informed and optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Dundar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitya V Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Mega A, Hartmark Nilsen M, Leiss LW, Tobin NP, Miletic H, Sleire L, Strell C, Nelander S, Krona C, Hägerstrand D, Enger PØ, Nistér M, Östman A. Astrocytes enhance glioblastoma growth. Glia 2019; 68:316-327. [PMID: 31509308 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly disease with a need for deeper understanding and new therapeutic approaches. The microenvironment of glioblastoma has previously been shown to guide glioblastoma progression. In this study, astrocytes were investigated with regard to their effect on glioblastoma proliferation through correlative analyses of clinical samples and experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. Co-culture techniques were used to investigate the GBM growth enhancing potential of astrocytes. Cell sorting and RNA sequencing were used to generate a GBM-associated astrocyte signature and to investigate astrocyte-induced GBM genes. A NOD scid GBM mouse model was used for in vivo studies. A gene signature reflecting GBM-activated astrocytes was associated with poor prognosis in the TCGA GBM dataset. Two genes, periostin and serglycin, induced in GBM cells upon exposure to astrocytes were expressed at higher levels in cases with high "astrocyte signature score". Astrocytes were shown to enhance glioblastoma cell growth in cell lines and in a patient-derived culture, in a manner dependent on cell-cell contact and involving increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, co-injection of astrocytes with glioblastoma cells reduced survival in an orthotopic GBM model in NOD scid mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that astrocytes contribute to glioblastoma growth and implies this crosstalk as a candidate target for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mega
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lina Wik Leiss
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Sleire
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Neuro-Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Krona
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Neuro-Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hägerstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Ø Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Perekatt AO, Shah PP, Cheung S, Jariwala N, Wu A, Gandhi V, Kumar N, Feng Q, Patel N, Chen L, Joshi S, Zhou A, Taketo MM, Xing J, White E, Gao N, Gatza ML, Verzi MP. SMAD4 Suppresses WNT-Driven Dedifferentiation and Oncogenesis in the Differentiated Gut Epithelium. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4878-4890. [PMID: 29986996 PMCID: PMC6125228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell of origin of colon cancer is typically thought to be the resident somatic stem cells, which are immortal and escape the continual cellular turnover characteristic of the intestinal epithelium. However, recent studies have identified certain conditions in which differentiated cells can acquire stem-like properties and give rise to tumors. Defining the origins of tumors will inform cancer prevention efforts as well as cancer therapies, as cancers with distinct origins often respond differently to treatments. We report here a new condition in which tumors arise from the differentiated intestinal epithelium. Inactivation of the differentiation-promoting transcription factor SMAD4 in the intestinal epithelium was surprisingly well tolerated in the short term. However, after several months, adenomas developed with characteristics of activated WNT signaling. Simultaneous loss of SMAD4 and activation of the WNT pathway led to dedifferentiation and rapid adenoma formation in differentiated tissue. Transcriptional profiling revealed acquisition of stem cell characteristics, and colabeling indicated that cells expressing differentiated enterocyte markers entered the cell cycle and reexpressed stem cell genes upon simultaneous loss of SMAD4 and activation of the WNT pathway. These results indicate that SMAD4 functions to maintain differentiated enterocytes in the presence of oncogenic WNT signaling, thus preventing dedifferentiation and tumor formation in the differentiated intestinal epithelium.Significance: This work identifies a mechanism through which differentiated cells prevent tumor formation by suppressing oncogenic plasticity. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4878-90. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansu O Perekatt
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Pooja P Shah
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shannon Cheung
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Alex Wu
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Vishal Gandhi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Namit Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, New Jersey
| | - Neeket Patel
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shilpy Joshi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Anbo Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nan Gao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, New Jersey
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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5
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Cellular origin of glioblastoma and its implication in precision therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:737-739. [PMID: 29553137 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Gatti M, Solari A, Pattarozzi A, Campanella C, Thellung S, Maniscalco L, De Maria R, Würth R, Corsaro A, Bajetto A, Ratto A, Ferrari A, Daga A, Barbieri F, Florio T. In vitro and in vivo characterization of stem-like cells from canine osteosarcoma and assessment of drug sensitivity. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:48-64. [PMID: 29305964 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewing and drug resistance cause treatment failure and tumor recurrence. Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor characterized by biological and molecular heterogeneity, possibly dependent on CSCs. CSC identification in osteosarcoma and their efficient targeting are still open questions. Spontaneous canine osteosarcoma shares clinical and biological features with the human tumors, representing a model for translational studies. We characterized three CSC-enriched canine osteosarcoma cultures. In serum-free conditions, these CSC cultures grow as anchorage-independent spheroids, show mesenchymal-like properties and in vivo tumorigenicity, recapitulating the heterogeneity of the original osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma CSCs express stem-related factors (Sox2, Oct4, CD133) and chemokine receptors and ligands (CXCR4, CXCL12) involved in tumor proliferation and self-renewal. Standard drugs for osteosarcoma treatment (doxorubicin and cisplatin) affected CSC-enriched and parental primary cultures, showing different efficacy within tumors. Moreover, metformin, a type-2 diabetes drug, significantly inhibits osteosarcoma CSC viability, migration and self-renewal and, in co-treatment with doxorubicin and cisplatin, enhances drug cytotoxicity. Collectively, we demonstrate that canine osteosarcoma primary cultures contain CSCs exhibiting distinctive sensitivity to anticancer agents, as a reliable experimental model to assay drug efficacy. We also provide proof-of-principle of metformin efficacy, alone or in combination, as pharmacological strategy to target osteosarcoma CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gatti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Agnese Solari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Campanella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Thellung
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Roberto Würth
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Adriana Bajetto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ratto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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7
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Nunes AM, Barraza-Flores P, Smith CR, Burkin DJ. Integrin α7: a major driver and therapeutic target for glioblastoma malignancy. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:97. [PMID: 29359136 PMCID: PMC5763033 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Pamela Barraza-Flores
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Christina R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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8
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Paglia S, Sollazzo M, Di Giacomo S, de Biase D, Pession A, Grifoni D. Failure of the PTEN/aPKC/Lgl Axis Primes Formation of Adult Brain Tumours in Drosophila. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2690187. [PMID: 29445734 PMCID: PMC5763105 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2690187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Different regions in the mammalian adult brain contain immature precursors, reinforcing the concept that brain cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), may originate from cells endowed with stem-like properties. Alterations of the tumour suppressor gene PTEN are very common in primary GBMs. Very recently, PTEN loss was shown to undermine a specific molecular axis, whose failure is associated with the maintenance of the GBM stem cells in mammals. This axis is composed of PTEN, aPKC, and the polarity determinant Lethal giant larvae (Lgl): PTEN loss promotes aPKC activation through the PI3K pathway, which in turn leads to Lgl inhibition, ultimately preventing stem cell differentiation. To find the neural precursors responding to perturbations of this molecular axis, we targeted different neurogenic regions of the Drosophila brain. Here we show that PTEN mutation impacts aPKC and Lgl protein levels also in Drosophila. Moreover, we demonstrate that PI3K activation is not sufficient to trigger tumourigenesis, while aPKC promotes hyperplastic growth of the neuroepithelium and a noticeable expansion of the type II neuroblasts. Finally, we show that these neuroblasts form invasive tumours that persist and keep growing in the adult, leading the affected animals to untimely death, thus displaying frankly malignant behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Paglia
- Department of “Pharmacy and Biotechnology”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of “Pharmacy and Biotechnology”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Di Giacomo
- Department of “Pharmacy and Biotechnology”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of “Pharmacy and Biotechnology”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of “Pharmacy and Biotechnology”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of “Pharmacy and Biotechnology”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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