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Shen S, Shen M, Kuang L, Yang K, Wu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y. SIRT1/SREBPs-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107037. [PMID: 38070792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins, also called silent information regulator 2, are enzymes that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function as histone deacetylases. Further investigation is warranted to explore the advantageous impacts of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a constituent of the sirtuin group, on lipid metabolism, in addition to its well-researched involvement in extending lifespan. The regulation of gene expression has been extensively linked to SIRT1. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) is a substrate of SIRT1 that has attracted significant interest due to its role in multiple cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and metabolic functions. Hence, the objective of this analysis was to investigate and elucidate the correlation between SIRT1 and SREBPs, as well as assess the contribution of SIRT1/SREBPs in mitigating lipid metabolism dysfunction. The objective of this research was to investigate whether SIRT1 and SREBPs could be utilized as viable targets for therapeutic intervention in managing complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Lirun Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shiran Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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2
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Kitamura N, Galligan JJ. A global view of the human post-translational modification landscape. Biochem J 2023; 480:1241-1265. [PMID: 37610048 PMCID: PMC10586784 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) provide a rapid response to stimuli, finely tuning metabolism and gene expression and maintain homeostasis. Advances in mass spectrometry over the past two decades have significantly expanded the list of known PTMs in biology and as instrumentation continues to improve, this list will surely grow. While many PTMs have been studied in detail (e.g. phosphorylation, acetylation), the vast majority lack defined mechanisms for their regulation and impact on cell fate. In this review, we will highlight the field of PTM research as it currently stands, discussing the mechanisms that dictate site specificity, analytical methods for their detection and study, and the chemical tools that can be leveraged to define PTM regulation. In addition, we will highlight the approaches needed to discover and validate novel PTMs. Lastly, this review will provide a starting point for those interested in PTM biology, providing a comprehensive list of PTMs and what is known regarding their regulation and metabolic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacology and College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A
| | - James J. Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A
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3
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Cao X, Nguyen V, Tsai J, Gao C, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Carver W, Kiaris H, Cui T, Tan W. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces long-term transcriptional perturbations of mitochondrial metabolic genes, causes cardiac fibrosis, and reduces myocardial contractile in obese mice. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101756. [PMID: 37348737 PMCID: PMC10281040 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the pandemic evolves, post-acute sequelae of CoV-2 (PASC) including cardiovascular manifestations have emerged as a new health threat. This study aims to study whether the Spike protein plus obesity can exacerbate PASC-related cardiomyopathy. METHODS A Spike protein-pseudotyped (Spp) virus with the proper surface tropism of SARS-CoV-2 was developed for viral entry assay in vitro and administration into high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The systemic viral loads and cardiac transcriptomes were analyzed at 2 and 24 h, 3, 6, and 24 weeks post introducing (wpi) Spp using RNA-seq or real time RT-PCR. Echocardiography was used to monitor cardiac functions. RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol enhanced viral uptake in endothelial cells, macrophages, and cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Selective cardiac and adipose viral depositions were observed in HFD mice but not in normal-chow-fed mice. The cardiac transcriptional signatures in HFD mice at 3, 6, and 24 wpi showed systemic suppression of mitochondria respiratory chain genes including ATP synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide:ubiquinone oxidoreductase gene members, upregulation of stress pathway-related crucial factors such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A, and increases in expression of glucose metabolism-associated genes. As compared with the age-matched HFD control mice, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly decreased, while left ventricular end-systolic diameter and volume were significantly elevated, and cardiac fibrosis was increased in HFD mice at 24 wpi. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that the Spike protein could induce long-term transcriptional suppression of mitochondria metabolic genes and cause cardiac fibrosis and myocardial contractile impairment in obese mice, providing mechanistic insights to PASC-related cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Joseph Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA; Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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4
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Aghayev M, Arias-Alvarado A, Ilchenko S, Lepp J, Scott I, Chen YR, Zhang GF, Tsai TH, Kasumov T. A high-fat diet increases hepatic mitochondrial turnover through restricted acetylation in a NAFLD mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E83-E98. [PMID: 37224468 PMCID: PMC10312330 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation of proteins has emerged as a key posttranslational modification (PTM) that regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Acetylation may regulate energy metabolism by inhibiting and affecting the stability of metabolic enzymes and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) subunits. Although protein turnover can be easily measured, due to the low abundance of modified proteins, it has been difficult to evaluate the effect of acetylation on the stability of proteins in vivo. We applied 2H2O-metabolic labeling coupled with immunoaffinity and high-resolution mass spectrometry method to measure the stability of acetylated proteins in mouse liver based on their turnover rates. As a proof-of-concept, we assessed the consequence of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced altered acetylation in protein turnover in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice susceptible to diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HFD feeding for 12 wk led to steatosis, the early stage of NAFLD. A significant reduction in acetylation of hepatic proteins was observed in NAFLD mice, based on immunoblot analysis and label-free quantification with mass spectrometry. Compared with control mice on a normal diet, NAFLD mice had overall increased turnover rates of hepatic proteins, including mitochondrial metabolic enzymes (0.159 ± 0.079 vs. 0.132 ± 0.068 day-1), suggesting their reduced stability. Also, acetylated proteins had slower turnover rates (increased stability) than native proteins in both groups (0.096 ± 0.056 vs. 0.170 ± 0.059 day-1 in control, and 0.111 ± 0.050 vs. 0.208 ± 0.074 day-1 in NAFLD). Furthermore, association analysis revealed a relationship between the HFD-induced decrease in acetylation and increased turnover rates for hepatic proteins in NAFLD mice. These changes were associated with increased expressions of the hepatic mitochondrial transcriptional factor (TFAM) and complex II subunit without any changes to other OxPhos proteins, suggesting that enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis prevented restricted acetylation-mediated depletion of mitochondrial proteins. We conclude that decreased acetylation of mitochondrial proteins may contribute to adaptive improved hepatic mitochondrial function in the early stages of NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first method to quantify acetylome dynamics in vivo. This method revealed acetylation-mediated altered hepatic mitochondrial protein turnover in response to a high-fat diet in a mouse model of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjavid Aghayev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrea Arias-Alvarado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States
| | - Sergei Ilchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States
| | - Josephine Lepp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States
| | - Iain Scott
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yeong-Renn Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham North Carolina, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham North Carolina, United States
| | - Tsung-Heng Tsai
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States
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Guilherme A, Rowland LA, Wetoska N, Tsagkaraki E, Santos KB, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Kelly M, Munroe S, Pedersen DJ, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Tauer L, Pan M, Han X, Kim JK, Newgard CB, Muoio DM, Czech MP. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is a suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112488. [PMID: 37163372 PMCID: PMC10286105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. Conversely, elevating malonyl-CoA levels in MCD KO mice does not induce browning. Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Proteomics as a Tool for the Study of Mitochondrial Proteome, Its Dysfunctionality and Pathological Consequences in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054692. [PMID: 36902123 PMCID: PMC10003354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is on the proteomic approaches applied to the study of the qualitative/quantitative changes in mitochondrial proteins that are related to impaired mitochondrial function and consequently different types of pathologies. Proteomic techniques developed in recent years have created a powerful tool for the characterization of both static and dynamic proteomes. They can detect protein-protein interactions and a broad repertoire of post-translation modifications that play pivotal roles in mitochondrial regulation, maintenance and proper function. Based on accumulated proteomic data, conclusions can be derived on how to proceed in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, this article will present an overview of the recently published proteomic papers that deal with the regulatory roles of post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins and specifically with cardiovascular diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, Schiattarella GG. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3556-3575. [PMID: 36504368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent, complex, and heterogeneous condition for which metabolic derangements seem to dictate disease progression. Changes in intermediate metabolism in cardiometabolic HFpEF-among the most prevalent forms of HFpEF-have a large impact both on energy provision and on a number of signalling pathways in the heart. This dual, metabolic vs. signalling, role is played in particular by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain carbon sources [namely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ketone bodies (KBs)]. LCFAs are key fuels for the heart, but their excess can be harmful, as in the case of toxic accumulation of lipid by-products (i.e. lipotoxicity). SCFAs and KBs have been proposed as a potential major, alternative source of energy in HFpEF. At the same time, both LCFAs and short-chain carbon sources are substrate for protein post-translational modifications and other forms of direct and indirect signalling of pivotal importance in HFpEF pathogenesis. An in-depth molecular understanding of the biological functions of energy substrates and their signalling role will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to HFpEF. Here, we summarize the current evidence on changes in energy metabolism in HFpEF, discuss the signalling role of intermediate metabolites through, at least in part, their fate as substrates for post-translational modifications, and highlight clinical and translational challenges around metabolic therapy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capone
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongling Wang
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Strocchi
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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8
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Cao X, Nguyen V, Tsai J, Gao C, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Carver W, Kiaris H, Cui T, Tan W. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces long-term transcriptional perturbations of mitochondrial metabolic genes, causes cardiac fibrosis, and reduces myocardial contractile in obese mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522853. [PMID: 36656778 PMCID: PMC9844011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background As the pandemic evolves, post-acute sequelae of CoV-2 (PACS) including cardiovascular manifestations have emerged as a new health threat. This study aims to study whether the Spike protein plus obesity can exacerbate PACS-related cardiomyopathy. Methods A Spike protein-pseudotyped (Spp) virus with the proper surface tropism of SARS-CoV-2 was developed for viral entry assay in vitro and administration into high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The systemic viral loads and cardiac transcriptomes were analyzed at 2 and 24 hrs, 3, 6, and 24 weeks post introducing (wpi) Spp using RNA-seq or real time RT-PCR. Echocardiography was used to monitor cardiac functions. Results Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol enhanced viral uptake in endothelial cells, macrophages, and cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Selective cardiac and adipose viral depositions were observed in HFD mice but not in normal-chow-fed mice. The cardiac transcriptional signatures in HFD mice at 3, 6, and 24 wpi showed systemic suppression of mitochondria respiratory chain genes including ATP synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide:ubiquinone oxidoreductase gene members, upregulation of stress pathway-related crucial factors such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A, and increases in expression of glucose metabolism-associated genes. As compared with the age-matched HFD control mice, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly decreased, while left ventricular end-systolic diameter and volume were significantly elevated, and cardiac fibrosis was increased in HFD mice at 24 wpi. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that the Spike protein could induce long-term transcriptional suppression of mitochondria metabolic genes and cause cardiac fibrosis and myocardial contractile impairment, providing mechanistic insights to PACS-related cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
| | - Joseph Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29209, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
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9
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Amorese AJ, Minchew EC, Tarpey MD, Readyoff AT, Williamson NC, Schmidt CA, McMillin SL, Goldberg EJ, Terwilliger ZS, Spangenburg QA, Witczak CA, Brault JJ, Abel ED, McClung JM, Fisher-Wellman KH, Spangenburg EE. Hypoxia Resistance Is an Inherent Phenotype of the Mouse Flexor Digitorum Brevis Skeletal Muscle. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad012. [PMID: 37168496 PMCID: PMC10165545 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The various functions of skeletal muscle (movement, respiration, thermogenesis, etc.) require the presence of oxygen (O2). Inadequate O2 bioavailability (ie, hypoxia) is detrimental to muscle function and, in chronic cases, can result in muscle wasting. Current therapeutic interventions have proven largely ineffective to rescue skeletal muscle from hypoxic damage. However, our lab has identified a mammalian skeletal muscle that maintains proper physiological function in an environment depleted of O2. Using mouse models of in vivo hindlimb ischemia and ex vivo anoxia exposure, we observed the preservation of force production in the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), while in contrast the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles suffered loss of force output. Unlike other muscles, we found that the FDB phenotype is not dependent on mitochondria, which partially explains the hypoxia resistance. Muscle proteomes were interrogated using a discovery-based approach, which identified significantly greater expression of the transmembrane glucose transporter GLUT1 in the FDB as compared to the EDL and soleus. Through loss-and-gain-of-function approaches, we determined that GLUT1 is necessary for the FDB to survive hypoxia, but overexpression of GLUT1 was insufficient to rescue other skeletal muscles from hypoxic damage. Collectively, the data demonstrate that the FDB is uniquely resistant to hypoxic insults. Defining the mechanisms that explain the phenotype may provide insight towards developing approaches for preventing hypoxia-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael D Tarpey
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Andrew T Readyoff
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Nicholas C Williamson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Emma J Goldberg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Zoe S Terwilliger
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Quincy A Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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10
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Yuan Q, Zeng ZL, Yang S, Li A, Zu X, Liu J. Mitochondrial Stress in Metabolic Inflammation: Modest Benefits and Full Losses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8803404. [PMID: 36457729 PMCID: PMC9708372 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8803404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Energy intake and metabolic balance are the pillars of health preservation. Overnutrition causes nonspecific, persistently low inflammatory state known as metabolic inflammation. This condition contributes to the pathophysiology of various metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The mitochondria maintain the balance of energy metabolism. Excessive energy stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which promotes metabolic inflammation. The inflammatory environment further impairs mitochondrial function. Accordingly, excellent organism design keeps the body metabolically healthy in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction, and moderate mitochondrial stress can have a beneficial effect. This review summarises the research progress on the multifaceted characterisation of mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Z. L. Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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11
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Selen ES, Rodriguez S, Cavagnini KS, Kim HB, Na CH, Wolfgang MJ. Requirement of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase during fasting, high fat, and ketogenic diet. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102648. [PMID: 36441025 PMCID: PMC9694104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate has two major fates upon entry into mitochondria, the oxidative decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA via the pyruvate decarboxylase complex or the biotin-dependent carboxylation to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase (Pcx). Here, we have generated mice with a liver-specific KO of pyruvate carboxylase (PcxL-/-) to understand the role of Pcx in hepatic mitochondrial metabolism under disparate physiological states. PcxL-/- mice exhibited a deficit in hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhanced ketogenesis as expected but were able to maintain systemic euglycemia following a 24 h fast. Feeding a high-fat diet to PcxL-/- mice resulted in animals that were resistant to glucose intolerance without affecting body weight. However, we found that PcxL-/- mice fed a ketogenic diet for 1 week became severely hypoglycemic, demonstrating a requirement for hepatic Pcx for long-term glycemia under carbohydrate-limited diets. Additionally, we determined that loss of Pcx was associated with an induction in the abundance of lysine-acetylated proteins in PcxL-/- mice regardless of physiologic state. Furthermore, liver acetyl-proteomics revealed a biased induction in mitochondrial lysine-acetylated proteins. These data show that Pcx is important for maintaining the proper balance of pyruvate metabolism between oxidative and anaplerotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru S. Selen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyle S. Cavagnini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,For correspondence: Michael J. Wolfgang
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12
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McLaughlin KL, Nelson MAM, Coalson HS, Hagen JT, Montgomery MM, Wooten AR, Zeczycki TN, Vohra NA, Fisher-Wellman KH. Bioenergetic Phenotyping of DEN-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals a Link Between Adenylate Kinase Isoform Expression and Reduced Complex I-Supported Respiration. Front Oncol 2022; 12:919880. [PMID: 35756609 PMCID: PMC9213884 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.919880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in malignant metabolic reprogramming in HCC, which may promote disease progression. To comprehensively evaluate the mitochondrial phenotype present in HCC, we applied a recently developed diagnostic workflow that combines high-resolution respirometry, fluorometry, and mitochondrial-targeted nLC-MS/MS proteomics to cell culture (AML12 and Hepa 1-6 cells) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mouse models of HCC. Across both model systems, CI-linked respiration was significantly decreased in HCC compared to nontumor, though this did not alter ATP production rates. Interestingly, CI-linked respiration was found to be restored in DEN-induced tumor mitochondria through acute in vitro treatment with P1, P5-di(adenosine-5′) pentaphosphate (Ap5A), a broad inhibitor of adenylate kinases. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed that DEN-induced tumor mitochondria had increased expression of adenylate kinase isoform 4 (AK4), which may account for this response to Ap5A. Tumor mitochondria also displayed a reduced ability to retain calcium and generate membrane potential across a physiological span of ATP demand states compared to DEN-treated nontumor or saline-treated liver mitochondria. We validated these findings in flash-frozen human primary HCC samples, which similarly displayed a decrease in mitochondrial respiratory capacity that disproportionately affected CI. Our findings support the utility of mitochondrial phenotyping in identifying novel regulatory mechanisms governing cancer bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Hannah S Coalson
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - James T Hagen
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - McLane M Montgomery
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ashley R Wooten
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nasreen A Vohra
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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13
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Brunetta HS, Petrick HL, Momken I, Handy RM, Pignanelli C, Nunes EA, Piquereau J, Mericskay M, Holloway GP. Nitrate consumption preserves HFD-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial ADP sensitivity and lysine acetylation: A potential role for SIRT1. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102307. [PMID: 35398714 PMCID: PMC9006675 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation, and the subsequent serial reduction to nitric oxide, has been shown to improve glucose homeostasis in several pre-clinical models of obesity and insulin resistance. While the mechanisms remain poorly defined, the beneficial effects of nitrate appear to be partially dependent on AMPK-mediated signaling events, a central regulator of metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Since AMPK can activate SIRT1, we aimed to determine if nitrate supplementation (4 mM sodium nitrate via drinking water) improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and acetylation status in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD: 60% fat). Consumption of HFD induced whole-body glucose intolerance, and within muscle attenuated insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, mitochondrial ADP sensitivity (higher apparent Km), submaximal ADP-supported respiration, mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2) production in the presence of ADP and increased cellular protein carbonylation alongside mitochondrial-specific acetylation. Consumption of nitrate partially preserved glucose tolerance and, within skeletal muscle, normalized insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, mitochondrial ADP sensitivity, mtH2O2, protein carbonylation and global mitochondrial acetylation status. Nitrate also prevented the HFD-mediated reduction in SIRT1 protein, and interestingly, the positive effects of nitrate ingestion on glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial acetylation levels were abolished in SIRT1 inducible knock-out mice, suggesting SIRT1 is required for the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate. Altogether, dietary nitrate preserves mitochondrial ADP sensitivity and global lysine acetylation in HFD-fed mice, while in the absence of SIRT1, the effects of nitrate on glucose tolerance and mitochondrial acetylation were abrogated.
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14
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Muoio DM, Williams AS, Grimsrud PA. Mitochondrial lysine acylation and cardiometabolic stress: Truth or consequence? CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Williams AS, Koves TR, Pettway YD, Draper JA, Slentz DH, Grimsrud PA, Ilkayeva OR, Muoio DM. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation confers marginal metabolic benefits in obese mice without remodeling the muscle acetyl-proteome. iScience 2022; 25:103635. [PMID: 35028529 PMCID: PMC8741497 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside supplements (NRS) have been touted as a nutraceutical that promotes cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health by enhancing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, mitochondrial function, and/or the activities of NAD-dependent sirtuin deacetylase enzymes. This investigation examined the impact of NRS on whole body energy homeostasis, skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, and corresponding shifts in the acetyl-lysine proteome, in the context of diet-induced obesity using C57BL/6NJ mice. The study also included a genetically modified mouse model that imposes greater demand on sirtuin flux and associated NAD+ consumption, specifically within muscle tissues. In general, whole body glucose control was marginally improved by NRS when administered at the midpoint of a chronic high-fat diet, but not when given as a preventative therapy upon initiation of the diet. Contrary to anticipated outcomes, the study produced little evidence that NRS increases tissue NAD+ levels, augments mitochondrial function, and/or mitigates diet-induced hyperacetylation of the skeletal muscle proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Williams
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Divison of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yasminye D. Pettway
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - James A. Draper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H. Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Olga R. Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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16
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Ryan TE, Kim K, Scali ST, Berceli SA, Thome T, Salyers ZR, O'Malley KA, Green TD, Karnekar R, Fisher‐Wellman KH, Yamaguchi DJ, McClung JM. Interventional- and amputation-stage muscle proteomes in the chronically threatened ischemic limb. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e658. [PMID: 35073463 PMCID: PMC8785983 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved surgical approaches for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), amputation rates remain high and contributing tissue-level factors remain unknown. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to identify differences between the healthy adult and CLTI limb muscle proteome, and (2) to identify differences in the limb muscle proteome of CLTI patients prior to surgical intervention or at the time of amputation. METHODS AND RESULTS Gastrocnemius muscle was collected from non-ischemic controls (n = 19) and either pre-interventional surgery (n = 10) or at amputation outcome (n = 29) CLTI patients. All samples were subjected to isobaric tandem-mass-tag-assisted proteomics. The mitochondrion was the primary classification of downregulated proteins (> 70%) in CLTI limb muscles and paralleled robust functional mitochondrial impairment. Upregulated proteins (> 38%) were largely from the extracellular matrix. Across the two independent sites, 39 proteins were downregulated and 12 upregulated uniformly. Pre-interventional CLTI muscles revealed a robust upregulation of mitochondrial proteins but modest functional impairments in fatty acid oxidation as compared with controls. Comparison of pre-intervention and amputation CLTI limb muscles revealed mitochondrial proteome and functional deficits similar to that between amputation and non-ischemic controls. Interestingly, these observed changes occurred despite 62% of the amputation CLTI patients having undergone a prior surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS The CLTI proteome supports failing mitochondria as a phenotype that is unique to amputation outcomes. The signature of pre-intervention CLTI muscle reveals stable mitochondrial protein abundance that is insufficient to uniformly prevent functional impairments. Taken together, these findings support the need for future longitudinal investigations aimed to determine whether mitochondrial failure is causally involved in amputation outcomes from CLTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E. Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Exercise ScienceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Myology InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Salvatore T. Scali
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Trace Thome
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Zachary R. Salyers
- Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Kerri A. O'Malley
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas D. Green
- Department of PhysiologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Reema Karnekar
- Department of PhysiologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher‐Wellman
- Department of PhysiologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dean J. Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular ScienceEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Division of SurgeryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joseph M. McClung
- Department of PhysiologyBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular ScienceEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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17
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Histone lysine methacrylation is a dynamic post-translational modification regulated by HAT1 and SIRT2. Cell Discov 2021; 7:122. [PMID: 34961760 PMCID: PMC8712513 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine crotonylation is a posttranslational modification with demonstrated functions in transcriptional regulation. Here we report the discovery of a new type of histone posttranslational modification, lysine methacrylation (Kmea), corresponding to a structural isomer of crotonyllysine. We validate the identity of this modification using diverse chemical approaches and further confirm the occurrence of this type of histone mark by pan specific and site-specific anti-methacryllysine antibodies. In total, we identify 27 Kmea modified histone sites in HeLa cells using affinity enrichment with a pan Kmea antibody and mass spectrometry. Subsequent biochemical studies show that histone Kmea is a dynamic mark, which is controlled by HAT1 as a methacryltransferase and SIRT2 as a de-methacrylase. Altogether, these investigations uncover a new type of enzyme-catalyzed histone modification and suggest that methacrylyl-CoA generating metabolism is part of a growing number of epigenome-associated metabolic pathways.
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18
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Thome T, Coleman MD, Ryan TE. Mitochondrial Bioenergetic and Proteomic Phenotyping Reveals Organ-Specific Consequences of Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3282. [PMID: 34943790 PMCID: PMC8699079 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in reduced kidney function, uremia, and accumulation of uremic metabolites. Mitochondrial alterations have been suggested to play a role in the disease pathology within various tissues. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive bioenergetic and proteomic phenotyping of mitochondria from skeletal muscle (SkM), cardiac muscle (CM), and renal tissue from mice with CKD. The 5-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a casein control or adenine-supplemented diet for 6 months. CKD was confirmed by blood urea nitrogen. A mitochondrial diagnostic workflow was employed to examine respiratory function, membrane and redox potential, reactive oxygen species production, and maximal activities of matrix dehydrogenases and electron transport system (ETS) protein complexes. Additionally, tandem-mass-tag-assisted proteomic analyses were performed to uncover possible differences in mitochondrial protein abundance. CKD negatively impacted mitochondrial energy transduction (all p < 0.05) in SkM, CM, and renal mitochondria, when assessed at physiologically relevant cellular energy demands (ΔGATP) and revealed the tissue-specific impact of CKD on mitochondrial health. Proteomic analyses indicated significant abundance changes in CM and renal mitochondria (115 and 164 proteins, p < 0.05), but no differences in SkM. Taken together, these findings reveal the tissue-specific impact of chronic renal insufficiency on mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trace Thome
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.T.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Madeline D. Coleman
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.T.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Terence E. Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.T.); (M.D.C.)
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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19
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Zhang Y, Goetzman E. The enzyme activity of mitochondrial trifunctional protein is not altered by lysine acetylation or lysine succinylation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256619. [PMID: 34644302 PMCID: PMC8513871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) is a membrane-associated heterotetramer that catalyzes three of the four reactions needed to chain-shorten long-chain fatty acids inside the mitochondria. TFP is known to be heavily modified by acetyllysine and succinyllysine post-translational modifications (PTMs), many of which are targeted for reversal by the mitochondrial sirtuin deacylases SIRT3 and SIRT5. However, the functional significance of these PTMs is not clear, with some reports showing TFP gain-of-function and some showing loss-of-function upon increased acylation. Here, we mapped the known SIRT3/SIRT5-targeted lysine residues onto the recently solved TFP crystal structure which revealed that many of the target sites are involved in substrate channeling within the TFPα subunit. To test the effects of acylation on substate channeling through TFPα, we enzymatically synthesized the physiological long-chain substrate (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA. Assaying TFP in SIRT3 and SIRT5 knockout mouse liver and heart mitochondria with (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA revealed no change in enzyme activity. Finally, we investigated the effects of lysine acylation on TFP membrane binding in vitro. Acylation did not alter recombinant TFP binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes. However, the presence of liposomes strongly abrogated the acylation reaction between succinyl-CoA and TFP lysine residues. Thus, TFP in the membrane-bound state may be protected against lysine acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Zhang
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric Goetzman
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Abstract
Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during states of low carbohydrate availability. Efforts to enhance wellness and ameliorate disease via nutritional, chronobiological, and pharmacological interventions have markedly intensified interest in ketone body metabolism. The two ketone body redox partners, acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, serve distinct metabolic and signaling roles in biological systems. We discuss the pleiotropic roles played by both of these ketones in health and disease. While enthusiasm is warranted, prudent procession through therapeutic applications of ketogenic and ketone therapies is also advised, as a range of metabolic and signaling consequences continue to emerge. Organ-specific and cell-type-specific effects of ketone bodies are important to consider as prospective therapeutic and wellness applications increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; ,
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; , .,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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21
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Lauritzen KH, Olsen MB, Ahmed MS, Yang K, Rinholm JE, Bergersen LH, Esbensen QY, Sverkeli LJ, Ziegler M, Attramadal H, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. Instability in NAD + metabolism leads to impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and communication. eLife 2021; 10:59828. [PMID: 34343089 PMCID: PMC8331182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes initiate (mt)DNA repair mechanisms and use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as energy source. Prolonged PARP activity can drain cellular NAD+ reserves, leading to de-regulation of important molecular processes. Here, we provide evidence of a pathophysiological mechanism that connects mtDNA damage to cardiac dysfunction via reduced NAD+ levels and loss of mitochondrial function and communication. Using a transgenic model, we demonstrate that high levels of mice cardiomyocyte mtDNA damage cause a reduction in NAD+ levels due to extreme DNA repair activity, causing impaired activation of NAD+-dependent SIRT3. In addition, we show that myocardial mtDNA damage in combination with high dosages of nicotinamideriboside (NR) causes an inhibition of sirtuin activity due to accumulation of nicotinamide (NAM), in addition to irregular cardiac mitochondrial morphology. Consequently, high doses of NR should be used with caution, especially when cardiomyopathic symptoms are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and instability of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut H Lauritzen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Belland Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammed Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Linda H Bergersen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qin Ying Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | | | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Sirtuin 5 depletion impairs mitochondrial function in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15510. [PMID: 34330933 PMCID: PMC8324880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is a major cause of kidney damage. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are highly susceptible to ischemic insults that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI), a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. Accumulating evidence has identified altered mitochondrial function as a central pathologic feature of AKI. The mitochondrial NAD+-dependent enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a key regulator of mitochondrial form and function, but its role in ischemic renal injury (IRI) is unknown. SIRT5 expression was increased in murine PTECs after IRI in vivo and in human PTECs (hPTECs) exposed to an oxygen/nutrient deprivation (OND) model of IRI in vitro. SIRT5-depletion impaired ATP production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and provoked mitochondrial fragmentation in hPTECs. Moreover, SIRT5 RNAi exacerbated OND-induced mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and swelling, and increased degradation by mitophagy. These findings suggest SIRT5 is required for normal mitochondrial function in hPTECs and indicate a potentially important role for the enzyme in the regulation of mitochondrial biology in ischemia.
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23
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Nelson MAM, Fisher-Wellman KH. Mitochondrial Diagnostics: A Discovery-Based Biochemical Platform for Phenotyping Human Peripheral Blood Cell Mitochondria. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:371-389. [PMID: 34080163 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro experiments using permeabilized cells and/or isolated mitochondria represent a powerful biochemical tool for elucidating the role of the mitochondrion in driving disease. Such analyses have routinely been utilized across multiple scientific fields to shed valuable insight on mitochondrial-linked pathologies. The present chapter is intended to serve as a methodological blueprint for comprehensively phenotyping peripheral blood cell mitochondria. While primarily adapted for peripheral blood cells, the protocols outlined herein could easily be made amenable to most all cell types with minimal modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A M Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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24
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Nelson MAM, McLaughlin KL, Hagen JT, Coalson HS, Schmidt C, Kassai M, Kew KA, McClung JM, Neufer PD, Brophy P, Vohra NA, Liles D, Cabot MC, Fisher-Wellman KH. Intrinsic OXPHOS limitations underlie cellular bioenergetics in leukemia. eLife 2021; 10:e63104. [PMID: 34132194 PMCID: PMC8221809 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently there is great interest in targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cancer. However, notwithstanding the targeting of mutant dehydrogenases, nearly all hopeful 'mito-therapeutics' cannot discriminate cancerous from non-cancerous OXPHOS and thus suffer from a limited therapeutic index. Using acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as a model, herein, we leveraged an in-house diagnostic biochemical workflow to identify 'actionable' bioenergetic vulnerabilities intrinsic to cancerous mitochondria. Consistent with prior reports, AML growth and proliferation was associated with a hyper-metabolic phenotype which included increases in basal and maximal respiration. However, despite having nearly 2-fold more mitochondria per cell, clonally expanding hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic blasts, as well as chemoresistant AML were all consistently hallmarked by intrinsic OXPHOS limitations. Remarkably, by performing experiments across a physiological span of ATP free energy, we provide direct evidence that leukemic mitochondria are particularly poised to consume ATP. Relevant to AML biology, acute restoration of oxidative ATP synthesis proved highly cytotoxic to leukemic blasts, suggesting that active OXPHOS repression supports aggressive disease dissemination in AML. Together, these findings argue against ATP being the primary output of leukemic mitochondria and provide proof-of-principle that restoring, rather than disrupting, OXPHOS may represent an untapped therapeutic avenue for combatting hematological malignancy and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret AM Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - James T Hagen
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Hannah S Coalson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Cameron Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Miki Kassai
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Kimberly A Kew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Patricia Brophy
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Nasreen A Vohra
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Darla Liles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Myles C Cabot
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUnited States
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25
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Loos RJF, Burant C, Schur EA. Strategies to Understand the Weight-Reduced State: Genetics and Brain Imaging. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29 Suppl 1:S39-S50. [PMID: 33759393 PMCID: PMC8500189 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most individuals with obesity or overweight have difficulty maintaining weight loss. The weight-reduced state induces changes in many physiological processes that appear to drive weight regain. Here, we review the use of cell biology, genetics, and imaging techniques that are being used to begin understanding why weight regain is the normal response to dieting. As with obesity itself, weight regain has both genetic and environmental drivers. Genetic drivers for "thinness" and "obesity" largely overlap, but there is evidence for specific genetic loci that are different for each of these weight states. There is only limited information regarding the genetics of weight regain. Currently, most genetic loci related to weight point to the central nervous system as the organ responsible for determining the weight set point. Neuroimaging tools have proved useful in studying the contribution of the central nervous system to the weight-reduced state in humans. Neuroimaging technologies fall into three broad categories: functional, connectivity, and structural neuroimaging. Connectivity and structural imaging techniques offer unique opportunities for testing mechanistic hypotheses about changes in brain function or tissue structure in the weight-reduced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen A. Schur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Arima Y, Nakagawa Y, Takeo T, Ishida T, Yamada T, Hino S, Nakao M, Hanada S, Umemoto T, Suda T, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Watanabe T, Nagaoka K, Tanaka Y, Kawamura YK, Tonami K, Kurihara H, Sato Y, Yamagata K, Nakamura T, Araki S, Yamamoto E, Izumiya Y, Sakamoto K, Kaikita K, Matsushita K, Nishiyama K, Nakagata N, Tsujita K. Murine neonatal ketogenesis preserves mitochondrial energetics by preventing protein hyperacetylation. Nat Metab 2021; 3:196-210. [PMID: 33619377 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ketone bodies are generated in the liver and allow for the maintenance of systemic caloric and energy homeostasis during fasting and caloric restriction. It has previously been demonstrated that neonatal ketogenesis is activated independently of starvation. However, the role of ketogenesis during the perinatal period remains unclear. Here, we show that neonatal ketogenesis plays a protective role in mitochondrial function. We generated a mouse model of insufficient ketogenesis by disrupting the rate-limiting hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 enzyme gene (Hmgcs2). Hmgcs2 knockout (KO) neonates develop microvesicular steatosis within a few days of birth. Electron microscopic analysis and metabolite profiling indicate a restricted energy production capacity and accumulation of acetyl-CoA in Hmgcs2 KO mice. Furthermore, acetylome analysis of Hmgcs2 KO cells revealed enhanced acetylation of mitochondrial proteins. These findings suggest that neonatal ketogenesis protects the energy-producing capacity of mitochondria by preventing the hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko K Kawamura
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kazuo Tonami
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Medical Information Science and Administration Planning, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Araki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaikita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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27
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Chronic caloric restriction maintains a youthful phosphoproteome in aged skeletal muscle. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111443. [PMID: 33529682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) can prolong aged skeletal muscle function, yet the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. We performed phosphoproteomic analysis on muscle from young and old mice fed an ad libitum diet, and old mice fed a CR diet. CR promoted a youthful phosphoproteomic signature, suppressing several known "pro-aging" pathways including Protein kinase A (PKA). This study validates global signaling changes in skeletal muscle during CR.
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28
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Figlia G, Willnow P, Teleman AA. Metabolites Regulate Cell Signaling and Growth via Covalent Modification of Proteins. Dev Cell 2021; 54:156-170. [PMID: 32693055 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites affect cell growth in two different ways. First, they serve as building blocks for biomass accumulation. Second, metabolites regulate the activity of growth-relevant signaling pathways. They do so in part by covalently attaching to proteins, thereby generating post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect protein function, the focus of this Perspective. Recent advances in mass spectrometry have revealed a wide variety of such metabolites, including lipids, amino acids, Coenzyme-A, acetate, malonate, and lactate to name a few. An active area of research is to understand which modifications affect protein function and how they do so. In many cases, the cellular levels of these metabolites affect the stoichiometry of the corresponding PTMs, providing a direct link between cell metabolism and the control of cell signaling, transcription, and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Figlia
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany
| | - Philipp Willnow
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany.
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29
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Sirtuin 5 Is Regulated by the SCF Cyclin F Ubiquitin Ligase and Is Involved in Cell Cycle Control. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:MCB.00269-20. [PMID: 33168699 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00269-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for cell cycle progression. Cyclin F is a cell cycle-regulated substrate adapter F-box protein for the Skp1, CUL1, and F-box protein (SCF) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Despite its importance in cell cycle progression, identifying cyclin F-bound SCF complex (SCFCyclin F) substrates has remained challenging. Since cyclin F overexpression rescues a yeast mutant in the cdc4 gene, we considered the possibility that other genes that genetically modify cdc4 mutant lethality could also encode cyclin F substrates. We identified the mitochondrial and cytosolic deacylating enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a novel cyclin F substrate. SIRT5 has been implicated in metabolic processes, but its connection to the cell cycle is not known. We show that cyclin F interacts with and controls the ubiquitination, abundance, and stability of SIRT5. We show SIRT5 knockout results in a diminished G1 population and a subsequent increase in both S and G2/M. Global proteomic analyses reveal cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling changes congruent with the cell cycle changes in SIRT5 knockout cells. Together, these data demonstrate that SIRT5 is regulated by cyclin F and suggest a connection between SIRT5, cell cycle regulation, and metabolism.
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30
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Davidson MT, Grimsrud PA, Lai L, Draper JA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Narowski TM, Abraham DM, Koves TR, Kelly DP, Muoio DM. Extreme Acetylation of the Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteome Does Not Promote Heart Failure. Circ Res 2020; 127:1094-1108. [PMID: 32660330 PMCID: PMC9161399 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Circumstantial evidence links the development of heart failure to posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins, including lysine acetylation (Kac). Nonetheless, direct evidence that Kac compromises mitochondrial performance remains sparse. OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore the premise that mitochondrial Kac contributes to heart failure by disrupting oxidative metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS A DKO (dual knockout) mouse line with deficiencies in CrAT (carnitine acetyltransferase) and Sirt3 (sirtuin 3)-enzymes that oppose Kac by buffering the acetyl group pool and catalyzing lysine deacetylation, respectively-was developed to model extreme mitochondrial Kac in cardiac muscle, as confirmed by quantitative acetyl-proteomics. The resulting impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics was evaluated using a respiratory diagnostics platform that permits comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial function and energy transduction. Susceptibility of DKO mice to heart failure was investigated using transaortic constriction as a model of cardiac pressure overload. The mitochondrial acetyl-lysine landscape of DKO hearts was elevated well beyond that observed in response to pressure overload or Sirt3 deficiency alone. Relative changes in the abundance of specific acetylated lysine peptides measured in DKO versus Sirt3 KO hearts were strongly correlated. A proteomics comparison across multiple settings of hyperacetylation revealed ≈86% overlap between the populations of Kac peptides affected by the DKO manipulation as compared with experimental heart failure. Despite the severity of cardiac Kac in DKO mice relative to other conditions, deep phenotyping of mitochondrial function revealed a surprisingly normal bioenergetics profile. Thus, of the >120 mitochondrial energy fluxes evaluated, including substrate-specific dehydrogenase activities, respiratory responses, redox charge, mitochondrial membrane potential, and electron leak, we found minimal evidence of oxidative insufficiencies. Similarly, DKO hearts were not more vulnerable to dysfunction caused by transaortic constriction-induced pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS The findings challenge the premise that hyperacetylation per se threatens metabolic resilience in the myocardium by causing broad-ranging disruption to mitochondrial oxidative machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Davidson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ling Lai
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James A. Draper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara M. Narowski
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dennis M. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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31
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Zhang J, Ren D, Fedorova J, He Z, Li J. SIRT1/SIRT3 Modulates Redox Homeostasis during Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090858. [PMID: 32933202 PMCID: PMC7556005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the central cause of global death in cardiovascular diseases, which is characterized by disorders such as angina, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, finally causing severe debilitating diseases and death. The increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by I/R are parallel with aging. Aging-associated cardiac physiological structural and functional deterioration were found to contribute to abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R stress. Disturbed redox homeostasis could further trigger the related signaling pathways that lead to cardiac irreversible damages with mitochondria dysfunction and cell death. It is notable that sirtuin proteins are impaired in aged hearts and are critical to maintaining redox homeostasis via regulating substrate metabolism and inflammation and thus preserving cardiac function under stress. This review discussed the cellular and functional alterations upon I/R especially in aging hearts. We propose that mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to I/R injury in aged hearts. Then, we highlight the cardiomyocyte protection of the age-related proteins Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT3) in response to I/R injury, and we discuss their modulation of cardiac metabolism and the inflammatory reaction that is involved in ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Julia Fedorova
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-4917
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32
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Trefely S, Lovell CD, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Compartmentalised acyl-CoA metabolism and roles in chromatin regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 38:100941. [PMID: 32199817 PMCID: PMC7300382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many metabolites serve as important signalling molecules to adjust cellular activities and functions based on nutrient availability. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone lysine acetylation, and gene expression have been documented and studied over the past decade. In recent years, several additional acyl modifications to histone lysine residues have been identified, which depend on acyl-coenzyme A thioesters (acyl-CoAs) as acyl donors. Acyl-CoAs are intermediates of multiple distinct metabolic pathways, and substantial evidence has emerged that histone acylation is metabolically sensitive. Nevertheless, the metabolic sources of acyl-CoAs used for chromatin modification in most cases remain poorly understood. Elucidating how these diverse chemical modifications are coupled to and regulated by cellular metabolism is important in deciphering their functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we review the metabolic pathways that produce acyl-CoAs, as well as emerging evidence for functional roles of diverse acyl-CoAs in chromatin regulation. Because acetyl-CoA has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we will focus on four other acyl-CoA metabolites integral to major metabolic pathways that are also known to modify histones: succinyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA. We also briefly mention several other acyl-CoA species, which present opportunities for further research; malonyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, and lactyl-CoA. Each acyl-CoA species has distinct roles in metabolism, indicating the potential to report shifts in the metabolic status of the cell. For each metabolite, we consider the metabolic pathways in which it participates and the nutrient sources from which it is derived, the compartmentalisation of its metabolism, and the factors reported to influence its abundance and potential nuclear availability. We also highlight reported biological functions of these metabolically-linked acylation marks. Finally, we aim to illuminate key questions in acyl-CoA metabolism as they relate to the control of chromatin modification. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A majority of acyl-CoA species are annotated to mitochondrial metabolic processes. Since acyl-CoAs are not known to be directly transported across mitochondrial membranes, they must be synthesized outside of mitochondria and potentially within the nucleus to participate in chromatin regulation. Thus, subcellular metabolic compartmentalisation likely plays a key role in the regulation of histone acylation. Metabolite tracing in combination with targeting of relevant enzymes and transporters will help to map the metabolic pathways that connect acyl-CoA metabolism to chromatin modification. The specific function of each acyl-CoA may be determined in part by biochemical properties that affect its propensity for enzymatic versus non-enzymatic protein modification, as well as the various enzymes that can add, remove and bind each modification. Further, competitive and inhibitory effects of different acyl-CoA species on these enzymes make determining the relative abundance of acyl-CoA species in specific contexts important to understand the regulation of chromatin acylation. An improved and more nuanced understanding of metabolic regulation of chromatin and its roles in physiological and disease-related processes will emerge as these questions are answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Diaz-Vegas A, Sanchez-Aguilera P, Krycer JR, Morales PE, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Cifuentes M, Rothermel BA, Lavandero S. Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction a Common Root of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases? Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5807952. [PMID: 32179913 PMCID: PMC7255501 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular and whole-organism homeostasis, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of this phenomenon in noncommunicable chronic diseases. We also review the state of the art regarding the preclinical evidence associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function and the development of current mitochondria-targeted therapeutics to treat noncommunicable chronic diseases. Finally, we give an integrated vision of how mitochondrial damage is implicated in these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Aguilera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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34
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Zuurbier CJ, Bertrand L, Beauloye CR, Andreadou I, Ruiz-Meana M, Jespersen NR, Kula-Alwar D, Prag HA, Eric Botker H, Dambrova M, Montessuit C, Kaambre T, Liepinsh E, Brookes PS, Krieg T. Cardiac metabolism as a driver and therapeutic target of myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5937-5954. [PMID: 32384583 PMCID: PMC7294140 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing infarct size during a cardiac ischaemic‐reperfusion episode is still of paramount importance, because the extension of myocardial necrosis is an important risk factor for developing heart failure. Cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is in principle a metabolic pathology as it is caused by abruptly halted metabolism during the ischaemic episode and exacerbated by sudden restart of specific metabolic pathways at reperfusion. It should therefore not come as a surprise that therapy directed at metabolic pathways can modulate IRI. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of important metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets to combat cardiac IRI. Activating metabolic pathways such as glycolysis (eg AMPK activators), glucose oxidation (activating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ketone oxidation (increasing ketone plasma levels), hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (O‐GlcNAcylation; administration of glucosamine/glutamine) and deacetylation (activating sirtuins 1 or 3; administration of NAD+‐boosting compounds) all seem to hold promise to reduce acute IRI. In contrast, some metabolic pathways may offer protection through diminished activity. These pathways comprise the malate‐aspartate shuttle (in need of novel specific reversible inhibitors), mitochondrial oxygen consumption, fatty acid oxidation (CD36 inhibitors, malonyl‐CoA decarboxylase inhibitors) and mitochondrial succinate metabolism (malonate). Additionally, protecting the cristae structure of the mitochondria during IR, by maintaining the association of hexokinase II or creatine kinase with mitochondria, or inhibiting destabilization of FOF1‐ATPase dimers, prevents mitochondrial damage and thereby reduces cardiac IRI. Currently, the most promising and druggable metabolic therapy against cardiac IRI seems to be the singular or combined targeting of glycolysis, O‐GlcNAcylation and metabolism of ketones, fatty acids and succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph R Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER-CV, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Hiran A Prag
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans Eric Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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McLaughlin KL, Kew KA, McClung JM, Fisher-Wellman KH. Subcellular proteomics combined with bioenergetic phenotyping reveals protein biomarkers of respiratory insufficiency in the setting of proofreading-deficient mitochondrial polymerase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3603. [PMID: 32107436 PMCID: PMC7046634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial mutator mouse is a well-established model of premature aging. In addition to accelerated aging, these mice develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at ~13 months of age, presumably due to overt mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite evidence of bioenergetic disruption within heart mitochondria, there is little information about the underlying changes to the mitochondrial proteome that either directly underly or predict respiratory insufficiency in mutator mice. Herein, nLC-MS/MS was used to interrogate the mitochondria-enriched proteome of heart and skeletal muscle of aged mutator mice. The mitochondrial proteome from heart tissue was then correlated with respiratory conductance data to identify protein biomarkers of respiratory insufficiency. The majority of downregulated proteins in mutator mitochondria were subunits of respiratory complexes I and IV, including both nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Interestingly, the mitochondrial-encoded complex V subunits, were unchanged or upregulated in mutator mitochondria, suggesting a robustness to mtDNA mutation. Finally, the proteins most strongly correlated with respiratory conductance were PPM1K, NDUFB11, and C15orf61. These results suggest that mitochondrial mutator mice undergo a specific loss of mitochondrial complexes I and IV that limit their respiratory function independent of an upregulation of complex V. Additionally, the role of PPM1K in responding to mitochondrial stress warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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Anwer W, Ratto Velasquez A, Tsoukanova V. Acylcarnitines at the Membrane Surface: Insertion Parameters for a Mitochondrial Leaflet Model. Biophys J 2020; 118:1032-1043. [PMID: 32027823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of acylcarnitines (ACs), often caused by metabolic disorders, has been associated with obesity, arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, insulin resistance, etc. Mechanisms whereby elevated ACs might contribute to pathophysiological effects remain largely unexplored. We have aimed to gain insight into AC interactions with the mitochondrial inner membrane. To model its outer leaflet, Langmuir monolayers and cushioned supported bilayers were employed. Their interactions with ACs were monitored with epifluorescence microscopy, which revealed a local leaflet expansion upon exposure to elevated concentrations of a long-chain AC, plausibly caused by its insertion. To assess the AC insertion parameters, constant-pressure insertion assays were performed. A value of 21 ± 3 Å2 was obtained for the AC insertion area, which is roughly the same as the cross-sectional area of an acyl chain. By contrast, the carnitine moiety was found to require an area of 37 ± 3 Å2. The AC insertion has thus been concluded to involve solely the AC acyl chain. This mode of insertion implies that the carnitine moiety, with its nontitratable positive charge, is left dangling at the membrane surface, which is likely to alter the surface electrostatics of the outer leaflet. The extrapolation of these findings has enabled us to hypothesize that, by altering the morphology and surface electrostatics of the outer leaflet, the insertion of ACs, in particular their long-chain counterparts, may trigger a nonspecific activation of signaling pathways in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby modulating its function and potentially leading to pathophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajih Anwer
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Disruption of Acetyl-Lysine Turnover in Muscle Mitochondria Promotes Insulin Resistance and Redox Stress without Overt Respiratory Dysfunction. Cell Metab 2020; 31:131-147.e11. [PMID: 31813822 PMCID: PMC6952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the functional significance of mitochondrial protein acetylation using a double knockout (DKO) mouse model harboring muscle-specific deficits in acetyl-CoA buffering and lysine deacetylation, due to genetic ablation of carnitine acetyltransferase and Sirtuin 3, respectively. DKO mice are highly susceptible to extreme hyperacetylation of the mitochondrial proteome and develop a more severe form of diet-induced insulin resistance than either single KO mouse line. However, the functional phenotype of hyperacetylated DKO mitochondria is largely normal. Of the >120 measures of respiratory function assayed, the most consistently observed traits of a markedly heightened acetyl-lysine landscape are enhanced oxygen flux in the context of fatty acid fuel and elevated rates of electron leak. In sum, the findings challenge the notion that lysine acetylation causes broad-ranging damage to mitochondrial quality and performance and raise the possibility that acetyl-lysine turnover, rather than acetyl-lysine stoichiometry, modulates redox balance and carbon flux.
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Defining decreased protein succinylation of failing human cardiac myofibrils in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:304-317. [PMID: 31836543 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinylation is a post-translational modification of protein lysine residues with succinyl groups derived from succinyl CoA. Succinylation is considered a significant post-translational modification with the potential to impact protein function which is highly conserved across numerous species. The role of succinylation in the heart, especially in heart failure and myofibril mechanics, remains largely unexplored. Mechanical parameters were measured in myofibrils isolated from failing hearts of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients and non-failing donor controls. We employed mass spectrometry to quantify differential protein expression in myofibrils from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts compared to non-failing hearts. In addition, we combined peptide enrichment by immunoprecipitation with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyze succinylated lysine residues in these myofibrils. Several key parameters of sarcomeric mechanical interactions were altered in myofibrils isolated from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts, including lower resting tension and a faster rate of activation. Of the 100 differentially expressed proteins, 46 showed increased expression in ischemic heart failure, while 54 demonstrated decreased expression in ischemic heart failure. Our quantitative succinylome analysis identified a total of 572 unique succinylated lysine sites located on 181 proteins, with 307 significantly changed succinylation events. We found that 297 succinyl-Lys demonstrated decreased succinylation on 104 proteins, while 10 residues demonstrated increased succinylation on 4 proteins. Investigating succinyl CoA generation, enzyme activity assays demonstrated that α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were significantly decreased in ischemic heart failure. An activity assay for succinyl CoA synthetase demonstrated a significant increase in ischemic heart failure. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that succinyl CoA production is decreased and succinyl CoA turnover is increased in ischemic heart failure, potentially resulting in an overall decrease in the mitochondrial succinyl CoA pool, which may contribute to decreased myofibril protein succinylation in heart failure.
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Allosteric, transcriptional and post-translational control of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochem J 2019; 476:1695-1712. [PMID: 31217327 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the organ with highest energy turnover rate (per unit weight) in our body. The heart relies on its flexible and powerful catabolic capacity to continuously generate large amounts of ATP utilizing many energy substrates including fatty acids, carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), ketones and amino acids. The normal health mainly utilizes fatty acids (40-60%) and glucose (20-40%) for ATP production while ketones and amino acids have a minor contribution (10-15% and 1-2%, respectively). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to cardiac energy production (95%) while cytosolic glycolysis has a marginal contribution (5%). The heart can dramatically and swiftly switch between energy-producing pathways and/or alter the share from each of the energy substrates based on cardiac workload, availability of each energy substrate and neuronal and hormonal activity. The heart is equipped with a highly sophisticated and powerful mitochondrial machinery which synchronizes cardiac energy production from different substrates and orchestrates the rate of ATP production to accommodate its contractility demands. This review discusses mitochondrial cardiac energy metabolism and how it is regulated. This includes a discussion on the allosteric control of cardiac energy metabolism by short-chain coenzyme A esters, including malonyl CoA and its effect on cardiac metabolic preference. We also discuss the transcriptional level of energy regulation and its role in the maturation of cardiac metabolism after birth and cardiac adaptability for different metabolic conditions and energy demands. The role post-translational modifications, namely phosphorylation, acetylation, malonylation, succinylation and glutarylation, play in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism is also discussed.
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