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Xu W, Liu M, Li H, Chen J, Zhou J. De Novo Synthesis of Chrysin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6481-6490. [PMID: 38481145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chrysin, a flavonoid, has been found to have been widely used in the health food field. But at present, chrysin production is hindered by the low availability of precursors and the lack of catalytic enzymes with high activity. Therefore, ZmPAL was initially screened to synthesize trans-cinnamic acid with high catalytic activity and specificity. To enhance the supply of precursors, the shikimic acid and chorismic acid pathway genes were overexpressed. Besides, the expression of the intracellular and mitochondrial carbon metabolism genes CIT, MAC1/3, CTP1, YHM2, RtME, and MDH was enhanced to increase the intracellular acetyl-CoA content. Chrysin was synthesized through a novel gene combination of ScCPR-EbFNSI-1 and PcFNSI. Finally, de novo synthesis of chrysin was achieved, reaching 41.9 mg/L, which is the highest reported concentration to date. In summary, we identified efficient enzymes for chrysin production and increased it by regulating acetyl-CoA metabolism in mitochondria and the cytoplasm, laying a foundation for future large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengsu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongbiao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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2
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Deja S, Fletcher JA, Kim CW, Kucejova B, Fu X, Mizerska M, Villegas M, Pudelko-Malik N, Browder N, Inigo-Vollmer M, Menezes CJ, Mishra P, Berglund ED, Browning JD, Thyfault JP, Young JD, Horton JD, Burgess SC. Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00050-0. [PMID: 38447582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) promotes prandial liver metabolism by producing malonyl-CoA, a substrate for de novo lipogenesis and an inhibitor of CPT-1-mediated fat oxidation. We report that inhibition of ACC also produces unexpected secondary effects on metabolism. Liver-specific double ACC1/2 knockout (LDKO) or pharmacologic inhibition of ACC increased anaplerosis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and gluconeogenesis by activating hepatic CPT-1 and pyruvate carboxylase flux in the fed state. Fasting should have marginalized the role of ACC, but LDKO mice maintained elevated TCA cycle intermediates and preserved glycemia during fasting. These effects were accompanied by a compensatory induction of proteolysis and increased amino acid supply for gluconeogenesis, which was offset by increased protein synthesis during feeding. Such adaptations may be related to Nrf2 activity, which was induced by ACC inhibition and correlated with fasting amino acids. The findings reveal unexpected roles for malonyl-CoA synthesis in liver and provide insight into the broader effects of pharmacologic ACC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Blanka Kucejova
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Morgan Villegas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Natalia Pudelko-Malik
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas Browder
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Melissa Inigo-Vollmer
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Cameron J Menezes
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Browning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Internal Medicine and KU Diabetes Institute, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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3
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Chen J, Wang W, Wang L, Wang H, Hu M, Zhou J, Du G, Zeng W. Efficient De Novo Biosynthesis of Curcumin in Escherichia coli by Optimizing Pathway Modules and Increasing the Malonyl-CoA Supply. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:566-576. [PMID: 38154088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural phenylpropanoid compound with various biological activities and is widely used in food and pharmaceuticals. A de novo curcumin biosynthetic pathway was constructed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Optimization of the curcumin biosynthesis module achieved a curcumin titer of 26.8 ± 0.6 mg/L. Regulating the metabolic fluxes of the β-oxidation pathway and fatty acid elongation cycle and blocking the endogenous malonyl-CoA consumption pathway increased the titer to 113.6 ± 7.1 mg/L. Knockout of endogenous curcumin reductase (curA) and intermediate product detoxification by heterologous expression of the solvent-resistant pump (srpB) increased the titer to 137.5 ± 3.0 mg/L. A 5 L pilot-scale fermentation, using a three-stage pH alternation strategy, increased the titer to 696.2 ± 20.9 mg/L, 178.5-fold higher than the highest curcumin titer from de novo biosynthesis previously reported, thereby laying the foundation for efficient biosynthesis of curcumin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weigao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - MingLong Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Saito K, Sekiya M, Kainoh K, Yoshino R, Hayashi A, Han SI, Araki M, Ohno H, Takeuchi Y, Tsuyuzaki T, Yamazaki D, Wanpei C, Hada L, Watanabe S, Paramita Adi Putri PI, Murayama Y, Sugano Y, Osaki Y, Iwasaki H, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Miyamoto T, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H. Obesity-induced metabolic imbalance allosterically modulates CtBP2 to inhibit PPAR-alpha transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2023:104890. [PMID: 37286039 PMCID: PMC10339064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is secured by metabolite-sensing systems, which can be overwhelmed by constant macronutrient surplus in obesity. Not only the uptake processes but also the consumption of energy substrates determine the cellular metabolic burden. We herein describe a novel transcriptional system in this context comprised of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a master regulator for fatty acid oxidation, and C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2), a metabolite-sensing transcriptional co-repressor. CtBP2 interacts with PPARα to repress its activity, and the interaction is enhanced upon binding to malonyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate increased in tissues in obesity and reported to suppress fatty acid oxidation through inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). In line with our preceding observations that CtBP2 adopts a monomeric configuration upon binding to acyl-CoAs, we determined that mutations in CtBP2 that shift the conformational equilibrium toward monomers increase the interaction between CtBP2 and PPARα. In contrast, metabolic manipulations that reduce malonyl-CoA decreased the formation of the CtBP2/PPARα complex. Consistent with these in vitro findings, we found that the CtBP2/PPARα interaction is accelerated in obese livers while genetic deletion of CtBP2 in the liver causes derepression of PPARα target genes. These findings support our model where CtBP2 exists primarily as a monomer in the metabolic milieu of obesity to repress PPARα, representing a liability in metabolic diseases that can be exploited to develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575.
| | - Kenta Kainoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Ryunosuke Yoshino
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Akio Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Masaya Araki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Tomomi Tsuyuzaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Daichi Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Chen Wanpei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Lisa Hada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Putu Indah Paramita Adi Putri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoshinori Osaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
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Roychaudhuri R, Atashi H, Snyder SH. Serine Racemase mediates subventricular zone neurogenesis via fatty acid metabolism. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00194-7. [PMID: 37352848 PMCID: PMC10362503 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) is a neurogenic niche that continuously produces newborn neurons. Here we show that serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that catalyzes the racemization of L-serine to D-serine and vice versa, affects neurogenesis in the adult SVZ by controlling de novo fatty acid synthesis. Germline and conditional deletion of SR (nestin precursor cells) leads to diminished neurogenesis in the SVZ. Nestin-cre+ mice showed reduced expression of fatty acid synthase and its substrate malonyl-CoA, which are involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Global lipidomic analyses revealed significant alterations in different lipid subclasses in nestin-cre+ mice. Decrease in fatty acid synthesis was mediated by phospho Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase that was AMP-activated protein kinase independent. Both L- and D-serine supplementation rescued defects in SVZ neurogenesis, proliferation, and levels of malonyl-CoA in vitro. Our work shows that SR affects adult neurogenesis in the SVZ via lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hasti Atashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Guilherme A, Rowland LA, Wetoska N, Tsagkaraki E, Santos KB, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Kelly M, Munroe S, Pedersen DJ, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Tauer L, Pan M, Han X, Kim JK, Newgard CB, Muoio DM, Czech MP. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is a suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112488. [PMID: 37163372 PMCID: PMC10286105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. Conversely, elevating malonyl-CoA levels in MCD KO mice does not induce browning. Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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7
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Liu S, Sun Y, Wei T, Gong D, Wang Q, Zhan Z, Song J. Engineering 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Production from Glucose in Yarrowia lipolytica through Malonyl-CoA Pathway. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050573. [PMID: 37233284 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an important intermediate compound in the chemical industry. Green and environmentally friendly microbial synthesis methods are becoming increasingly popular in a range of industries. Compared to other chassis cells, Yarrowia lipolytica possesses advantages, such as high tolerance to organic acid and a sufficient precursor required to synthesize 3-HP. In this study, gene manipulations, including the overexpression of genes MCR-NCa, MCR-CCa, GAPNSm, ACC1 and ACSSeL641P and knocking out bypass genes MLS1 and CIT2, leading to the glyoxylate cycle, were performed to construct a recombinant strain. Based on this, the degradation pathway of 3-HP in Y. lipolytica was discovered, and relevant genes MMSDH and HPDH were knocked out. To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce 3-HP in Y. lipolytica. The yield of 3-HP in recombinant strain Po1f-NC-14 in shake flask fermentation reached 1.128 g·L-1, and the yield in fed-batch fermentation reached 16.23 g·L-1. These results are highly competitive compared to other yeast chassis cells. This study creates the foundation for the production of 3-HP in Y. lipolytica and also provides a reference for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Yao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Tianhui Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Dianliang Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Zhe Zhan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Jinzhu Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
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Parra Daza LE, Suarez Medina L, Tafur Rangel AE, Fernández-Niño M, Mejía-Manzano LA, González-Valdez J, Reyes LH, González Barrios AF. Design and Assembly of a Biofactory for (2 S)-Naringenin Production in Escherichia coli: Effects of Oxygen Transfer on Yield and Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030565. [PMID: 36979500 PMCID: PMC10046166 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecule (2S)-naringenin is a scaffold molecule with several nutraceutical properties. Currently, (2S)-naringenin is obtained through chemical synthesis and plant isolation. However, these methods have several drawbacks. Thus, heterologous biosynthesis has emerged as a viable alternative to its production. Recently, (2S)-naringenin production studies in Escherichia coli have used different tools to increase its yield up to 588 mg/L. In this study, we designed and assembled a bio-factory for (2S)-naringenin production. Firstly, we used several parametrized algorithms to identify the shortest pathway for producing (2S)-naringenin in E. coli, selecting the genes phenylalanine ammonia lipase (pal), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4cl), chalcone synthase (chs), and chalcone isomerase (chi) for the biosynthetic pathway. Then, we evaluated the effect of oxygen transfer on the production of (2S)-naringenin at flask (50 mL) and bench (4 L culture) scales. At the flask scale, the agitation rate varied between 50 rpm and 250 rpm. At the bench scale, the dissolved oxygen was kept constant at 5% DO (dissolved oxygen) and 40% DO, obtaining the highest (2S)-naringenin titer (3.11 ± 0.14 g/L). Using genome-scale modeling, gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of oxygen-sensitive genes was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Parra Daza
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Lina Suarez Medina
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Albert E Tafur Rangel
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Miguel Fernández-Niño
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Luis Alberto Mejía-Manzano
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - José González-Valdez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Luis H Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Andrés Fernando González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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9
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Cheng ML, Yang CH, Wu PT, Li YC, Sun HW, Lin G, Ho HY. Malonyl-CoA Accumulation as a Compensatory Cytoprotective Mechanism in Cardiac Cells in Response to 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Growth Retardation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054418. [PMID: 36901848 PMCID: PMC10002498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The major oxidized product of cholesterol, 7-Ketocholesterol (7KCh), causes cellular oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the physiological responses of cardiomyocytes to 7KCh. A 7KCh treatment inhibited the growth of cardiac cells and their mitochondrial oxygen consumption. It was accompanied by a compensatory increase in mitochondrial mass and adaptive metabolic remodeling. The application of [U-13C] glucose labeling revealed an increased production of malonyl-CoA but a decreased formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) in the 7KCh-treated cells. The flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle decreased, while that of anaplerotic reaction increased, suggesting a net conversion of pyruvate to malonyl-CoA. The accumulation of malonyl-CoA inhibited the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) activity, probably accounting for the 7-KCh-induced suppression of β-oxidation. We further examined the physiological roles of malonyl-CoA accumulation. Treatment with the inhibitor of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, which increased the intracellular malonyl-CoA level, mitigated the growth inhibitory effect of 7KCh, whereas the treatment with the inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which reduced malonyl-CoA content, aggravated such a growth inhibitory effect. Knockout of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase gene (Mlycd-/-) alleviated the growth inhibitory effect of 7KCh. It was accompanied by improvement of the mitochondrial functions. These findings suggest that the formation of malonyl-CoA may represent a compensatory cytoprotective mechanism to sustain the growth of 7KCh-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Yang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(3)-2118800 (ext. 3318)
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10
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Yang T, Ye Z, Lynch MD. "Multiagent" Screening Improves Directed Enzyme Evolution by Identifying Epistatic Mutations. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1971-1983. [PMID: 35507897 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme evolution has enabled numerous advances in biotechnology and synthetic biology, yet still requires many iterative rounds of screening to identify optimal mutant sequences. This is due to the sparsity of the fitness landscape, which is caused by epistatic mutations that only offer improvements when combined with other mutations. We report an approach that incorporates diverse substrate analogues in the screening process, where multiple substrates act like multiple agents navigating the fitness landscape, identifying epistatic mutant residues without a need for testing the entire combinatorial search space. We initially validate this approach by engineering a malonyl-CoA synthetase and identify numerous epistatic mutations improving activity for several diverse substrates. The majority of these mutations would have been missed upon screening for a single substrate alone. We expect that this approach can accelerate a wide array of enzyme engineering programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Zhixia Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Michael D. Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
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11
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Cronan JE. The Classical, Yet Controversial, First Enzyme of Lipid Synthesis: Escherichia coli Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e0003221. [PMID: 34132100 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00032-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of malonyl-CoA, the building block of fatty acid synthesis, is the paradigm bacterial ACC. Many reports on the structures and stoichiometry of the four subunits comprising the active enzyme as well as on regulation of ACC activity and expression have appeared in the almost 20 years since this subject was last reviewed. This review seeks to update and expand on these reports.
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12
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Zhang Q, Yu S, Lyu Y, Zeng W, Zhou J. Systematically Engineered Fatty Acid Catabolite Pathway for the Production of (2 S)-Naringenin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1166-1175. [PMID: 33877810 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The (2S)-naringenin is an important natural flavonoid with several bioactive effects on human health. It is also a key precursor in the biosynthesis of other high value compounds. The production of (2S)-naringenin is significantly influenced by the acetyl-CoA available in the cytosol. In this study, we increased the acetyl-CoA supply via the β-oxidation of fatty acids in the peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several lipases from different sources and PEX11, FOX1, FOX2, and FOX3, the key genes of the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, were overexpressed during the production of (2S)-naringenin in yeast. The level of acetyl-CoA was 0.205 nmol higher than that in the original strain and the production of (2S)-naringenin increased to 286.62 mg/g dry cell weight when PEX11 was overexpressed in S. cerevisiae strain L07. Remarkable (2S)-naringenin production (1129.44 mg/L) was achieved with fed-batch fermentation, with the highest titer reported in any microorganism. Our results demonstrated the use of fatty acid β-oxidation to increase the level of cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA and the production of its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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13
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Miralpeix C, Reguera AC, Fosch A, Casas M, Lillo J, Navarro G, Franco R, Casas J, Alexander SPH, Casals N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C negatively regulates the endocannabinoid hydrolase ABHD6 in mice, depending on nutritional status. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1507-1523. [PMID: 33444462 PMCID: PMC9328656 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The enzyme α/β‐hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), a new member of the endocannabinoid system, is a promising therapeutic target against neuronal‐related diseases. However, how ABHD6 activity is regulated is not known. ABHD6 coexists in protein complexes with the brain‐specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C). CPT1C is involved in neuro‐metabolic functions, depending on brain malonyl–CoA levels. Our aim was to study CPT1C–ABHD6 interaction and determine whether CPT1C is a key regulator of ABHD6 activity depending on nutritional status. Experimental Approach Co‐immunoprecipitation and FRET assays were used to explore ABHD6 interaction with CPT1C or modified malonyl–CoA‐insensitive or C‐terminal truncated CPT1C forms. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor‐mediated signalling was investigated by determining cAMP levels. A novel highly sensitive fluorescent method was optimized to measure ABHD6 activity in non‐neuronal and neuronal cells and in brain tissues from wild‐type (WT) and CPT1C–KO mice. Key Results CPT1C interacted with ABHD6 and negatively regulated its hydrolase activity, thereby regulating 2‐AG downstream signalling. Accordingly, brain tissues of CPT1C–KO mice showed increased ABHD6 activity. CPT1C malonyl–CoA sensing was key to the regulatory role on ABHD6 activity and CB1 receptor signalling. Fasting, which attenuates brain malonyl–CoA, significantly increased ABHD6 activity in hypothalamus from WT, but not CPT1C–KO, mice. Conclusions and Implications Our finding that negative regulation of ABHD6 activity, particularly in the hypothalamus, is sensitive to nutritional status throws new light on the characterization and the importance of the proteins involved as potential targets against diseases affecting the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miralpeix
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Cristina Reguera
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Fosch
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Casas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rafael Franco
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department on Biomedical Chemistry, Research Unit of BioActive Molecules, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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14
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Pathania A, Anba-Mondoloni J, Gominet M, Halpern D, Dairou J, Dupont L, Lamberet G, Trieu-Cuot P, Gloux K, Gruss A. (p)ppGpp/GTP and Malonyl-CoA Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation to FASII Antibiotics and Provide a Basis for Synergistic Bi-Therapy. mBio 2021; 12:e03193-20. [PMID: 33531402 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03193-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human bacterial pathogen for which new inhibitors are urgently needed. Antibiotic development has centered on the fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway, which provides the building blocks for bacterial membrane phospholipids. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FASII) enzymes are considered valid targets for antimicrobial drug development against the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. However, incorporation of host fatty acids confers FASII antibiotic adaptation that compromises prospective treatments. S. aureus adapts to FASII inhibitors by first entering a nonreplicative latency period, followed by outgrowth. Here, we used transcriptional fusions and direct metabolite measurements to investigate the factors that dictate the duration of latency prior to outgrowth. We show that stringent response induction leads to repression of FASII and phospholipid synthesis genes. (p)ppGpp induction inhibits synthesis of malonyl-CoA, a molecule that derepresses FapR, a key regulator of FASII and phospholipid synthesis. Anti-FASII treatment also triggers transient expression of (p)ppGpp-regulated genes during the anti-FASII latency phase, with concomitant repression of FapR regulon expression. These effects are reversed upon outgrowth. GTP depletion, a known consequence of the stringent response, also occurs during FASII latency, and is proposed as the common signal linking these responses. We next showed that anti-FASII treatment shifts malonyl-CoA distribution between its interactants FapR and FabD, toward FapR, increasing expression of the phospholipid synthesis genes plsX and plsC during outgrowth. We conclude that components of the stringent response dictate malonyl-CoA availability in S. aureus FASII regulation, and contribute to latency prior to anti-FASII-adapted outgrowth. A combinatory approach, coupling a (p)ppGpp inducer and an anti-FASII, blocks S. aureus outgrowth, opening perspectives for bi-therapy treatment.
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15
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Giger S, Kovtonyuk LV, Utz SG, Ramosaj M, Kovacs WJ, Schmid E, Ioannidis V, Greter M, Manz MG, Lutolf MP, Jessberger S, Knobloch M. A Single Metabolite which Modulates Lipid Metabolism Alters Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Behavior and Promotes Lymphoid Reconstitution. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:566-576. [PMID: 32857979 PMCID: PMC7486304 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), the breakdown of lipids, is a metabolic pathway used by various stem cells. FAO levels are generally high during quiescence and downregulated with proliferation. The endogenous metabolite malonyl-CoA modulates lipid metabolism as a reversible FAO inhibitor and as a substrate for de novo lipogenesis. Here we assessed whether malonyl-CoA can be exploited to steer the behavior of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), quiescent stem cells of clinical relevance. Treatment of mouse HSPCs in vitro with malonyl-CoA increases HSPC numbers compared with nontreated controls and ameliorates blood reconstitution capacity when transplanted in vivo, mainly through enhanced lymphoid reconstitution. Similarly, human HSPC numbers also increase upon malonyl-CoA treatment in vitro. These data corroborate that lipid metabolism can be targeted to direct cell fate and stem cell proliferation. Physiological modulation of metabolic pathways, rather than genetic or pharmacological inhibition, provides unique perspectives for stem cell manipulations in health and disease. Modulating lipid metabolism with malonyl-CoA increases murine HSPCs in vitro Malonyl-CoA promotes lymphoid cell fate of HSPCs in vitro and in vivo The myeloid bias in aged HSPCs is partially recovered with malonyl-CoA exposure Malonyl-CoA increases the numbers of human HSPCs in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Giger
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Larisa V Kovtonyuk
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mergim Ramosaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner J Kovacs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Schmid
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassilios Ioannidis
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Chen X, Shang L, Deng S, Li P, Chen K, Gao T, Zhang X, Chen Z, Zeng J. Peroxisomal oxidation of erucic acid suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by stimulating malonyl-CoA formation in the rat liver. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10168-10179. [PMID: 32493774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding of rapeseed (canola) oil with a high erucic acid concentration is known to cause hepatic steatosis in animals. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation plays a central role in liver lipid homeostasis, so it is possible that hepatic metabolism of erucic acid might decrease mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. However, the precise mechanistic relationship between erucic acid levels and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is unclear. Using male Sprague-Dawley rats, along with biochemical and molecular biology approaches, we report here that peroxisomal β-oxidation of erucic acid stimulates malonyl-CoA formation in the liver and thereby suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Excessive hepatic uptake and peroxisomal β-oxidation of erucic acid resulted in appreciable peroxisomal release of free acetate, which was then used in the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Peroxisomal metabolism of erucic acid also remarkably increased the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, suppressed sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, and thereby activated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which stimulated malonyl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA. Chronic feeding of a diet including high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil diminished mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and caused hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in the rats. Of note, administration of a specific peroxisomal β-oxidation inhibitor attenuated these effects. Our findings establish a cross-talk between peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. They suggest that peroxisomal oxidation of long-chain fatty acids suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by stimulating malonyl-CoA formation, which might play a role in fatty acid-induced hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Shang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Senwen Deng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Zhilan Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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17
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Chohnan S, Matsuno S, Shimizu K, Tokutake Y, Kohari D, Toyoda A. Coenzyme A and Its Thioester Pools in Obese Zucker and Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E417. [PMID: 32041091 PMCID: PMC7071249 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior is closely related to hypothalamic malonyl-CoA level in the brain and diet-induced obesity affects total CoA pools in liver. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the CoA pools formed in thirteen tissues of Zucker and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Hypothalamic malonyl-CoA levels in obese rats remained low and were almost the same as those of lean rats, despite obese rats having much higher content of leptin, insulin, and glucose in their sera. Regardless of the fa-genotypes, larger total CoA pools were formed in the livers of ZDF rats and the size of hepatic total CoA pools in Zucker rats showed almost one tenth of the size of ZDF rats. The decreased total CoA pool sizes in Zucker rats was observed in the brown adipose tissues, while ZDF-fatty rats possessed 6% of total CoA pool in the lean rats in response to fa deficiency. This substantially lower CoA content in the obese rats would be disadvantageous to non-shivering thermogenesis. Thus, comparing the intracellular CoA behaviors between Zucker and ZDF rats, as well as the lean and fatty rats of each strain would help to elucidate features of obesity and type 2 diabetes in combination with result (s) of differential gene expression analysis and/or comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Chohnan
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (D.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Shiori Matsuno
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (D.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Kei Shimizu
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (D.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuka Tokutake
- Department of Applied Life Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Kohari
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (D.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.); (D.K.); (A.T.)
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18
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Palomo-Guerrero M, Fadó R, Casas M, Pérez-Montero M, Baena M, Helmer PO, Domínguez JL, Roig A, Serra D, Hayen H, Stenmark H, Raiborg C, Casals N. Sensing of nutrients by CPT1C regulates late endosome/lysosome anterograde transport and axon growth. eLife 2019; 8:51063. [PMID: 31868590 PMCID: PMC6927751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterograde transport of late endosomes or lysosomes (LE/Lys) is crucial for proper axon growth. However, the role of energetic nutrients has been poorly explored. Malonyl-CoA is a precursor of fatty acids, and its intracellular levels highly fluctuate depending on glucose availability or the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We demonstrate in HeLa cells that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) senses malonyl-CoA and enhances LE/Lys anterograde transport by interacting with the endoplasmic reticulum protein protrudin and facilitating the transfer of Kinesin-1 from protrudin to LE/Lys. In cultured mouse cortical neurons, glucose deprivation, pharmacological activation of AMPK or inhibition of malonyl-CoA synthesis decreases LE/Lys abundance at the axon terminal, and shortens axon length in a CPT1C-dependent manner. These results identify CPT1C as a new regulator of anterograde LE/Lys transport in response to malonyl-CoA changes, and give insight into how axon growth is controlled by nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palomo-Guerrero
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Casas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Montero
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - José Luis Domínguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aina Roig
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Dabirian Y, Li X, Chen Y, David F, Nielsen J, Siewers V. Expanding the Dynamic Range of a Transcription Factor-Based Biosensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1968-1975. [PMID: 31373795 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite biosensors are useful tools for high-throughput screening approaches and pathway regulation approaches. An important feature of biosensors is the dynamic range. To expand the maximum dynamic range of a transcription factor-based biosensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using the fapO/FapR system from Bacillus subtilis as an example case, five native promoters, including constitutive and glucose-regulated ones, were modified. By evaluating different binding site (BS) positions in the core promoters, we identified locations that resulted in a high maximum dynamic range with low expression under repressed conditions. We further identified BS positions in the upstream element region of the TEF1 promoter that did not influence the native promoter strength but resulted in repression in the presence of a chimeric repressor consisting of FapR and the yeast repressor Mig1. These modified promoters with broad dynamic ranges will provide useful information for the engineering of future biosensors and their use in complex genetic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Dabirian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Florian David
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-41296, Sweden
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20
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Weigt D, Parrish CA, Krueger JA, Oleykowski CA, Rendina AR, Hopf C. Mechanistic MALDI-TOF Cell-Based Assay for the Discovery of Potent and Specific Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1322-1331.e4. [PMID: 31279605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human cancers require fatty acid synthase (FASN)-dependent de novo long-chain fatty acid synthesis for proliferation. FASN is therefore an attractive drug target, but fast technologies for reliable label-free cellular compound profiling are lacking. Recently, MALDI-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has emerged as an effective technology for discovery of recombinant protein target inhibitors. Here we present an automated, mechanistic MALDI-MS cell assay, which monitors accumulation of the FASN substrate, malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), in whole cells with limited sample preparation. Profiling of inhibitors, including unpublished compounds, identified compound 1 as the most potent FASN inhibitor (1 nM in A549 cells) discovered to date. Moreover, cellular MALDI-MS assays enable parallel profiling of additional pathway metabolites. Surprisingly, several compounds triggered cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) but not malonyl-CoA accumulation indicating that they inhibit diacylglycerol generation but not FASN activity. Taken together, our study suggests that MALDI-MS cell assays may become important tools in drug profiling that provide additional mechanistic insights concerning compound action on metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weigt
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim Technical University, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cynthia A Parrish
- Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Julie A Krueger
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Catherine A Oleykowski
- Immuno-Oncology and Combinations Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Alan R Rendina
- Screening, Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim Technical University, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
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21
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Kalkreuter E, Keeler AM, Malico AA, Bingham KS, Gayen AK, Williams GJ. Development of a Genetically Encoded Biosensor for Detection of Polyketide Synthase Extender Units in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1391-1400. [PMID: 31134799 PMCID: PMC6915837 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The scaffolds of polyketides are constructed via assembly of extender units based on malonyl-CoA and its derivatives that are substituted at the C2-position with diverse chemical functionality. Subsequently, a transcription-factor-based biosensor for malonyl-CoA has proven to be a powerful tool for detecting malonyl-CoA, facilitating the dynamic regulation of malonyl-CoA biosynthesis and guiding high-throughput engineering of malonyl-CoA-dependent processes. Yet, a biosensor for the detection of malonyl-CoA derivatives has yet to be reported, severely restricting the application of high-throughput synthetic biology approaches to engineering extender unit biosynthesis and limiting the ability to dynamically regulate the biosynthesis of polyketide products that are dependent on such α-carboxyacyl-CoAs. Herein, the FapR biosensor was re-engineered and optimized for a range of mCoA concentrations across a panel of E. coli strains. The effector specificity of FapR was probed by cell-free transcription-translation, revealing that a variety of non-native and non-natural acyl-thioesters are FapR effectors. This FapR promiscuity proved sufficient for the detection of the polyketide extender unit methylmalonyl-CoA in E. coli, providing the first reported genetically encoded biosensor for this important metabolite. As such, the previously unknown broad effector promiscuity of FapR provides a platform to develop new tools and approaches that can be leveraged to overcome limitations of pathways that construct diverse α-carboxyacyl-CoAs and those that are dependent on them, including biofuels, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, and other value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kalkreuter
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Aaron M. Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexandra A. Malico
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kyle S. Bingham
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Present address: UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Anuran K. Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gavin J. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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22
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Milke L, Ferreira P, Kallscheuer N, Braga A, Vogt M, Kappelmann J, Oliveira J, Silva AR, Rocha I, Bott M, Noack S, Faria N, Marienhagen J. Modulation of the central carbon metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum improves malonyl-CoA availability and increases plant polyphenol synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1380-1391. [PMID: 30684355 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years microorganisms have been engineered towards synthesizing interesting plant polyphenols such as flavonoids and stilbenes from glucose. Currently, the low endogenous supply of malonyl-CoA, indispensable for plant polyphenol synthesis, impedes high product titers. Usually, limited malonyl-CoA availability during plant polyphenol production is avoided by supplementing fatty acid synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics such as cerulenin, which are known to increase the intracellular malonyl-CoA pool as a side effect. Motivated by the goal of microbial polyphenol synthesis being independent of such expensive additives, we used rational metabolic engineering approaches to modulate regulation of fatty acid synthesis and flux into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) in Corynebacterium glutamicum strains capable of flavonoid and stilbene synthesis. Initial experiments showed that sole overexpression of genes coding for the native malonyl-CoA-forming acetyl-CoA carboxylase is not sufficient for increasing polyphenol production in C. glutamicum. Hence, the intracellular acetyl-CoA availability was also increased by reducing the flux into the TCA cycle through reduction of citrate synthase activity. In defined cultivation medium, the constructed C. glutamicum strains accumulated 24 mg·L -1 (0.088 mM) naringenin or 112 mg·L -1 (0.49 mM) resveratrol from glucose without supplementation of phenylpropanoid precursor molecules or any inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Milke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrícia Ferreira
- Biotempo, Guimarães, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho-Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nicolai Kallscheuer
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Adelaide Braga
- Biotempo, Guimarães, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho-Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Michael Vogt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jannick Kappelmann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Biotempo, Guimarães, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho-Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- Biotempo, Guimarães, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho-Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Biotempo, Guimarães, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho-Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nuno Faria
- Biotempo, Guimarães, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho-Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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23
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Lally JSV, Ghoshal S, DePeralta DK, Moaven O, Wei L, Masia R, Erstad DJ, Fujiwara N, Leong V, Houde VP, Anagnostopoulos AE, Wang A, Broadfield LA, Ford RJ, Foster RA, Bates J, Sun H, Wang T, Liu H, Ray AS, Saha AK, Greenwood J, Bhat S, Harriman G, Miao W, Rocnik JL, Westlin WF, Muti P, Tsakiridis T, Harwood HJ, Kapeller R, Hoshida Y, Tanabe KK, Steinberg GR, Fuchs BC. Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase by Phosphorylation or the Inhibitor ND-654 Suppresses Lipogenesis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Metab 2019; 29:174-182.e5. [PMID: 30244972 PMCID: PMC6643297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly increasing due to the prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the molecular triggers that initiate disease development are not fully understood. We demonstrate that mice with targeted loss-of-function point mutations within the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation sites on acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1 Ser79Ala) and ACC2 (ACC2 Ser212Ala) have increased liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and liver lesions. The same mutation in ACC1 also increases DNL and proliferation in human liver cancer cells. Consistent with these findings, a novel, liver-specific ACC inhibitor (ND-654) that mimics the effects of ACC phosphorylation inhibits hepatic DNL and the development of HCC, improving survival of tumor-bearing rats when used alone and in combination with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib. These studies highlight the importance of DNL and dysregulation of AMPK-mediated ACC phosphorylation in accelerating HCC and the potential of ACC inhibitors for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S V Lally
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sarani Ghoshal
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Danielle K DePeralta
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Omeed Moaven
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lan Wei
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Derek J Erstad
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vivian Leong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Vanessa P Houde
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Alice Wang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Robert A Foster
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Henry Liu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | - Asish K Saha
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Sathesh Bhat
- Schrodinger, 120 West 45th Street, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | | | - Wenyan Miao
- Nimbus Therapeutics, 30 Prospect Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - H James Harwood
- Nimbus Therapeutics, 30 Prospect Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rosana Kapeller
- Nimbus Therapeutics, 30 Prospect Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Divison of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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24
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Bruning U, Morales-Rodriguez F, Kalucka J, Goveia J, Taverna F, Queiroz KCS, Dubois C, Cantelmo AR, Chen R, Loroch S, Timmerman E, Caixeta V, Bloch K, Conradi LC, Treps L, Staes A, Gevaert K, Tee A, Dewerchin M, Semenkovich CF, Impens F, Schilling B, Verdin E, Swinnen JV, Meier JL, Kulkarni RA, Sickmann A, Ghesquière B, Schoonjans L, Li X, Mazzone M, Carmeliet P. Impairment of Angiogenesis by Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibition Involves mTOR Malonylation. Cell Metab 2018; 28:866-880.e15. [PMID: 30146486 PMCID: PMC8057116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of fatty acid synthesis in endothelial cells (ECs) remains incompletely characterized. We report that fatty acid synthase knockdown (FASNKD) in ECs impedes vessel sprouting by reducing proliferation. Endothelial loss of FASN impaired angiogenesis in vivo, while FASN blockade reduced pathological ocular neovascularization, at >10-fold lower doses than used for anti-cancer treatment. Impaired angiogenesis was not due to energy stress, redox imbalance, or palmitate depletion. Rather, FASNKD elevated malonyl-CoA levels, causing malonylation (a post-translational modification) of mTOR at lysine 1218 (K1218). mTOR K-1218 malonylation impaired mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase activity, thereby reducing phosphorylation of downstream targets (p70S6K/4EBP1). Silencing acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (an enzyme producing malonyl-CoA) normalized malonyl-CoA levels and reactivated mTOR in FASNKD ECs. Mutagenesis unveiled the importance of mTOR K1218 malonylation for angiogenesis. This study unveils a novel role of FASN in metabolite signaling that contributes to explaining the anti-angiogenic effect of FASN blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bruning
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francisco Morales-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federico Taverna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karla C S Queiroz
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dubois
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Stefan Loroch
- Leibniz Institut für analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evy Timmerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Expertise Center, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Caixeta
- Leibniz Institut für analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Expertise Center, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Expertise Center, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew Tee
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Proteomics Expertise Center, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz Institut für analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Core Facility, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang D, Kim WJ, Yoo SM, Choi JH, Ha SH, Lee MH, Lee SY. Repurposing type III polyketide synthase as a malonyl-CoA biosensor for metabolic engineering in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9835-44. [PMID: 30232266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808567115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is an important central metabolite for the production of diverse valuable chemicals including natural products, but its intracellular availability is often limited due to the competition with essential cellular metabolism. Several malonyl-CoA biosensors have been developed for high-throughput screening of targets increasing the malonyl-CoA pool. However, they are limited for use only in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and require multiple signal transduction steps. Here we report development of a colorimetric malonyl-CoA biosensor applicable in three industrially important bacteria: E. coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Corynebacterium glutamicum RppA, a type III polyketide synthase producing red-colored flaviolin, was repurposed as a malonyl-CoA biosensor in E. coli Strains with enhanced malonyl-CoA accumulation were identifiable by the colorimetric screening of cells showing increased red color. Other type III polyketide synthases could also be repurposed as malonyl-CoA biosensors. For target screening, a 1,858 synthetic small regulatory RNA library was constructed and applied to find 14 knockdown gene targets that generally enhanced malonyl-CoA level in E. coli These knockdown targets were applied to produce two polyketide (6-methylsalicylic acid and aloesone) and two phenylpropanoid (resveratrol and naringenin) compounds. Knocking down these genes alone or in combination, and also in multiple different E. coli strains for two polyketide cases, allowed rapid development of engineered strains capable of enhanced production of 6-methylsalicylic acid, aloesone, resveratrol, and naringenin to 440.3, 30.9, 51.8, and 103.8 mg/L, respectively. The malonyl-CoA biosensor developed here is a simple tool generally applicable to metabolic engineering of microorganisms to achieve enhanced production of malonyl-CoA-derived chemicals.
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26
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Monteuuis G, Suomi F, Kerätär JM, Masud AJ, Kastaniotis AJ. A conserved mammalian mitochondrial isoform of acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACC1 provides the malonyl-CoA essential for mitochondrial biogenesis in tandem with ACSF3. Biochem J 2017; 474:3783-97. [PMID: 28986507 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20170416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) is a highly conserved pathway essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. The mtFAS process is required for mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly and function, synthesis of the lipoic acid cofactor indispensable for the function of several mitochondrial enzyme complexes and essential for embryonic development in mice. Mutations in human mtFAS have been reported to lead to neurodegenerative disease. The source of malonyl-CoA for mtFAS in mammals has remained unclear. We report the identification of a conserved vertebrate mitochondrial isoform of ACC1 expressed from an ACACA transcript splicing variant. A specific knockdown (KD) of the corresponding transcript in mouse cells, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of the putative mitochondrial targeting sequence in human cells, leads to decreased lipoylation and mitochondrial fragmentation. Simultaneous KD of ACSF3, encoding a mitochondrial malonyl-CoA synthetase previously implicated in the mtFAS process, resulted in almost complete ablation of protein lipoylation, indicating that these enzymes have a redundant function in mtFAS. The discovery of a mitochondrial isoform of ACC1 required for lipoic acid synthesis has intriguing consequences for our understanding of mitochondrial disorders, metabolic regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and cancer.
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Kim CW, Addy C, Kusunoki J, Anderson NN, Deja S, Fu X, Burgess SC, Li C, Ruddy M, Chakravarthy M, Previs S, Milstein S, Fitzgerald K, Kelley DE, Horton JD. Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Inhibition Reduces Hepatic Steatosis but Elevates Plasma Triglycerides in Mice and Humans: A Bedside to Bench Investigation. Cell Metab 2017; 26:394-406.e6. [PMID: 28768177 PMCID: PMC5603267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting lipogenesis prevents hepatic steatosis in rodents with insulin resistance. To determine if reducing lipogenesis functions similarly in humans, we developed MK-4074, a liver-specific inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) and (ACC2), enzymes that produce malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. MK-4074 administered to subjects with hepatic steatosis for 1 month lowered lipogenesis, increased ketones, and reduced liver triglycerides by 36%. Unexpectedly, MK-4074 increased plasma triglycerides by 200%. To further investigate, mice that lack ACC1 and ACC2 in hepatocytes (ACC dLKO) were generated. Deletion of ACCs decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in liver due to reduced malonyl-CoA, which is required for elongation of essential fatty acids. PUFA deficiency induced SREBP-1c, which increased GPAT1 expression and VLDL secretion. PUFA supplementation or siRNA-mediated knockdown of GPAT1 normalized plasma triglycerides. Thus, inhibiting lipogenesis in humans reduced hepatic steatosis, but inhibiting ACC resulted in hypertriglyceridemia due to activation of SREBP-1c and increased VLDL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Wan Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Carol Addy
- MRL, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Jun Kusunoki
- MRL, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Norma N Anderson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cai Li
- MRL, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Marcie Ruddy
- MRL, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Steve Previs
- MRL, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stuart Milstein
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Fitzgerald
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David E Kelley
- MRL, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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Chen X, Yang X, Shen Y, Hou J, Bao X. Increasing Malonyl-CoA Derived Product through Controlling the Transcription Regulators of Phospholipid Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:905-912. [PMID: 28132498 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is a precursor of a variety of compounds such as polyketides and flavonoids. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, malonyl-CoA concentration is tightly regulated and therefore maintained at a very low level, limiting the production of malonyl-CoA-derived chemicals. Here we manipulated the phospholipid synthesis transcriptional regulators to control the malonyl-CoA levels and increase the downstream product. Through manipulating different regulators including Ino2p, Ino4p, Opi1p, and a series of synthetic Ino2p variants, combining with studying the inositol and choline effect, the engineered strain achieved a 9-fold increase of the titer of malonyl-CoA-derived product 3-hydroxypropionic acid, which is among the highest improvement relative to previously reported strategies. Our study provides a new strategy to regulate malonyl-CoA availability and will contribute to the production of other highly valued malonyl-CoA-derived chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Chen G, Liu H, Wei Q, Zhao H, Liu J, Yu Y. The acyl-activating enzyme PhAAE13 is an alternative enzymatic source of precursors for anthocyanin biosynthesis in petunia flowers. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:457-467. [PMID: 28204578 PMCID: PMC5441920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are responsible for the orange to blue coloration of flowers and act as visual attractors to aid pollination and seed dispersal. Malonyl-CoA is the precursor for the formation of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Previous studies have suggested that malonyl-CoA is formed almost exclusively by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and bicarbonate. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of Petunia hybrida acyl-activating enzyme 13 (PhAAE13), a member of clade VII of the AAE superfamily that encodes malonyl-CoA synthetase, was isolated. The expression of PhAAE13 was highest in corollas and was down-regulated by ethylene. Virus-induced gene silencing of petunia PhAAE13 significantly reduced anthocyanin accumulation, fatty acid content, and cuticular wax components content, and increased malonic acid content in flowers. The silencing of PhAAE3 and PhAAE14, the other two genes in clade VII of the AAE superfamily, did not change the anthocyanin content in petunia flowers. This study provides strong evidence indicating that PhAAE13, among clade VII of the AAE superfamily, is specifically involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in petunia flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanxu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixun Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated lipogenesis has been associated with a variety of diseases including obesity, cancer and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a pivotal role in de novo lipogenesis, making this multi-catalytic protein an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Recently, the first FASN inhibitor successfully advanced through the drug development process and entered clinical evaluation in oncology. Areas covered: This review discusses the biological roles of FASN in three prominent disease areas: cancer, obesity-related disorders and NAFLD. Recent advances in drug discovery strategies and design of newer FASN inhibitors are also highlighted. Expert opinion: Despite the abundance of evidence linking the lipogenic pathway to cancer, progression of FASN-targeted molecules has been rather slow and challenging and no compounds have moved past the preclinical phase. The landscape has recently changed with the recent advancement of the first FASN inhibitor into clinical evaluation for solid tumors. Needless to say, the successful translation into the clinical setting will open opportunities for expanding the therapeutic utility of FASN inhibitors not just in oncology but in other diseases associated with elevated lipogenesis such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma S Angeles
- a Discovery and Product Development , Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc ., West Chester , PA , USA
| | - Robert L Hudkins
- a Discovery and Product Development , Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc ., West Chester , PA , USA
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Gray JP, Burgos DZ, Yuan T, Seeram N, Rebar R, Follmer R, Heart EA. Thymoquinone, a bioactive component of Nigella sativa, normalizes insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells under glucose overload via regulation of malonyl-CoA. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E394-404. [PMID: 26786775 PMCID: PMC4796268 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzo-1,4-quinone) is a major bioactive component of Nigella sativa, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of symptoms, including elevated blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Normalization of elevated blood glucose depends on both glucose disposal by peripheral tissues and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. We employed clonal β-cells and rodent islets to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and Nigella sativa extracts (NSEs) on GSIS and cataplerotic metabolic pathways implicated in the regulation of GSIS. TQ and NSE regulated NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) ratios via a quinone-dependent redox cycling mechanism. TQ content was positively correlated with the degree of redox cycling activity of NSE extracts, suggesting that TQ is a major component engaged in mediating NSE-dependent redox cycling. Both acute and chronic exposure to TQ and NSE enhanced GSIS and were associated with the ability of TQ and NSE to increase the ATP/ADP ratio. Furthermore, TQ ameliorated the impairment of GSIS following chronic exposure of β-cells to glucose overload. This protective action was associated with the TQ-dependent normalization of chronic accumulation of malonyl-CoA, elevation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid-binding proteins following chronic glucose overload. Together, these data suggest that TQ modulates the β-cell redox circuitry and enhances the sensitivity of β-cell metabolic pathways to glucose and GSIS under normal conditions as well as under hyperglycemia. This action is associated with the ability of TQ to regulate carbohydrate-to-lipid flux via downregulation of ACC and malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Gray
- Department of Science, United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
| | | | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Navindra Seeram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Rebecca Rebar
- Department of Science, United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Follmer
- Department of Science, United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
| | - Emma A Heart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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32
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Li S, Si T, Wang M, Zhao H. Development of a Synthetic Malonyl-CoA Sensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Intracellular Metabolite Monitoring and Genetic Screening. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:1308-15. [PMID: 26149896 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic sensors capable of converting key metabolite levels to fluorescence signals enable the monitoring of intracellular compound concentrations in living cells, and emerge as an efficient tool in high-throughput genetic screening. However, the development of genetic sensors in yeasts lags far behind their development in bacteria. Here we report the design of a malonyl-CoA sensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an adapted bacterial transcription factor FapR and its corresponding operator fapO to gauge intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. By combining this sensor with a genome-wide overexpression library, we identified two novel gene targets that improved intracellular malonyl-CoA concentration. We further utilized the resulting recombinant yeast strain to produce a valuable compound, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, from malonyl-CoA and enhanced its titer by 120%. Such a genetic sensor provides a powerful approach for genome-wide screening and could further improve the synthesis of a large range of chemicals derived from malonyl-CoA in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Li
- Energy Biosciences Institute, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and
Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tong Si
- Energy Biosciences Institute, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and
Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Energy Biosciences Institute, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and
Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Energy Biosciences Institute, ‡Institute for Genomic Biology, §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and
Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Hopcroft PJ, Fisher DI. Development of a Medium-Throughput Targeted LCMS Assay to Detect Endogenous Cellular Levels of Malonyl-CoA to Screen Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:111-6. [PMID: 26586251 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115617894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme in mammalian cells is a large multidomain protein responsible for de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The steps catalyzed by FAS involve the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA moieties in the presence of NADPH until palmitate is formed. Inhibition of FAS causes an accumulation of intracellular malonyl-CoA, as this metabolite is essentially committed to fatty acid synthesis once formed. Detection of intracellular metabolites for screening can be problematic due to a lack of appropriate tools, but here we describe a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS) method to directly measure endogenous levels of malonyl-CoA to drive a drug development structure-activity relationship (SAR) screening cascade. Our process involves preparation of samples at 96-well scale, normalization postpermeabilization via use of a whole-well imaging platform, and the LCMS detection methodology. The assay is amenable to multiplexing cellular endpoints, has a typical Z' of >0.6, and has high reproducibility of EC50 values.
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Fehér T, Libis V, Carbonell P, Faulon JL. A Sense of Balance: Experimental Investigation and Modeling of a Malonyl-CoA Sensor in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:46. [PMID: 25905101 PMCID: PMC4389729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of value-added chemicals in microorganisms is regarded as a viable alternative to chemical synthesis. In the past decade, several engineered pathways producing such chemicals, including plant secondary metabolites in microorganisms have been reported; upscaling their production yields, however, was often challenging. Here, we analyze a modular device designed for sensing malonyl-CoA, a common precursor for both fatty acid and flavonoid biosynthesis. The sensor can be used either for high-throughput pathway screening in synthetic biology applications or for introducing a feedback circuit to regulate production of the desired chemical. Here, we used the sensor to compare the performance of several predicted malonyl-CoA-producing pathways, and validated the utility of malonyl-CoA reductase and malonate-CoA transferase for malonyl-CoA biosynthesis. We generated a second-order dynamic linear model describing the relation of the fluorescence generated by the sensor to the biomass of the host cell representing a filter/amplifier with a gain that correlates with the level of induction. We found the time constants describing filter dynamics to be independent of the level of induction but distinctively clustered for each of the production pathways, indicating the robustness of the sensor. Moreover, by monitoring the effect of the copy-number of the production plasmid on the dose–response curve of the sensor, we managed to coarse-tune the level of pathway expression to maximize malonyl-CoA synthesis. In addition, we provide an example of the sensor’s use in analyzing the effect of inducer or substrate concentrations on production levels. The rational development of models describing sensors, supplemented with the power of high-throughput optimization provide a promising potential for engineering feedback loops regulating enzyme levels to maximize productivity yields of synthetic metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Fehér
- Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Evry Val d'Essonne , Evry , France ; Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Vincent Libis
- Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Evry Val d'Essonne , Evry , France ; Paris Diderot University , Paris , France
| | - Pablo Carbonell
- Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Evry Val d'Essonne , Evry , France ; Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain ; SYNBIOCHEM Center, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Jean-Loup Faulon
- Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Evry Val d'Essonne , Evry , France ; SYNBIOCHEM Center, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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35
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Abstract
Engineering metabolic biosynthetic pathways has enabled the microbial production of many useful chemicals. However, pathway productivities and yields are often limited by metabolic imbalances. Synthetic regulatory circuits have been shown to be able to balance engineered pathways, improving titers and productivities. Here we developed a negative feedback regulatory circuit based on a malonyl-CoA-based sensor-actuator. Malonyl-CoA is biosynthesized from acetyl-CoA by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the rate-limiting step for fatty acid biosynthesis. Overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase improves fatty acid production, but slows down cell growth. We have devised a malonyl-CoA sensor-actuator that controls gene expression levels based on intracellular malonyl-CoA concentrations. This sensor-actuator is used to construct a negative feedback circuit to regulate the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The negative feedback circuit is able to up-regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression when the malonyl-CoA concentration is low and down-regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression when excess amounts of malonyl-CoA have accumulated. We show that the regulatory circuit effectively alleviates the toxicity associated with acetyl-CoA carboxylase overexpression. When used to regulate the fatty acid pathway, the feedback circuit increases fatty acid titer and productivity by 34% and 33%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Bradley S. Evans
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - Fuzhong Zhang
- Department
of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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36
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Iio W, Tokutake Y, Koike H, Matsukawa N, Tsukahara T, Chohnan S, Toyoda A. Effects of chronic mild food restriction on behavior and the hypothalamic malonyl-CoA signaling pathway. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:181-8. [PMID: 25040023 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression induces anorexia, leading to suppressed feeding behaviors and energy intake. Previously, we revealed that chronic social defeat induced a mild suppression of feeding in rats with elevated levels of hypothalamic malonyl-CoA which regulates feeding. Therefore, we attempted to elucidate the effects of chronic mild food restriction on behavior and on hypothalamic malonyl-CoA. The chronic mild food restricted rats were fed a restricted diet approximately 80% to 90% amount of diet compared to the control for 5 weeks. Ratios of restriction were adjusted with feed consumption in the chronic social defeat stressed rats. Chronic mild food restricted rats exhibited a suppression of body weight gain similar to that of the chronic social defeat stressed rats. Also these rats showed increased time spent in the center area of an open field (OF), prolonged immobility time in forced swim, increased phosphorylation of hypothalamic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and a decreased concentration of hypothalamic malonyl-CoA. Weight of the adrenal glands, locomotion in an OF, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II in the hippocampus were not affected by chronic mild food restriction. Our findings suggest that chronic mild food restriction activates AMPK following a decreased hypothalamic malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Iio
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan; College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
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37
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Chen Y, Bao J, Kim IK, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Coupled incremental precursor and co-factor supply improves 3-hydroxypropionic acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2014; 22:104-9. [PMID: 24502850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an attractive platform chemical, which can be used to produce a variety of commodity chemicals, such as acrylic acid and acrylamide. For enabling a sustainable alternative to petrochemicals as the feedstock for these commercially important chemicals, fermentative production of 3-HP is widely investigated and is centered on bacterial systems in most cases. However, bacteria present certain drawbacks for large-scale organic acid production. In this study, we have evaluated the production of 3-HP in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a route from malonyl-CoA, because this allows performing the fermentation at low pH thus making the overall process cheaper. We have further engineered the host strain by increasing availability of the precursor malonyl-CoA and by coupling the production with increased NADPH supply we were able to substantially improve 3-HP production by five-fold, up to a final titer of 463 mg l⁻¹. Our work thus led to a demonstration of 3-HP production in yeast via the malonyl-CoA pathway, and this opens for the use of yeast as a cell factory for production of bio-based 3-HP and derived acrylates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jichen Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Musiol EM, Greule A, Härtner T, Kulik A, Wohlleben W, Weber T. The AT₂ domain of KirCI loads malonyl extender units to the ACPs of the kirromycin PKS. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1343-52. [PMID: 23828654 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic kirromycin is assembled by a hybrid modular polyketide synthases (PKSs)/nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Five of six PKSs of this complex assembly line do not have acyltransferase (AT) and have to recruit this activity from discrete AT enzymes. Here, we show that KirCI is a discrete AT which is involved in kirromycin production and displays a rarely found three-domain architecture (AT₁-AT₂-ER). We demonstrate that the second AT domain, KirCI-AT₂, but not KirCI-AT₁, is the malonyl-CoA-specific AT which utilizes this precursor for loading the acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) of the trans-AT PKS in vitro. In the kirromycin biosynthetic pathway, ACP5 is exclusively loaded with ethylmalonate by the enzyme KirCII and is not recognized as a substrate by KirCI. Interestingly, the excised KirCI-AT₂ can also transfer malonate to ACP5 and thus has a relaxed ACP-specificity compared to the entire KirCI protein. The ability of KirCI-AT₂ to load different ACPs provides opportunities for AT engineering as a potential strategy for polyketide diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Musiol
- Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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39
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Kimber NE, Cameron-Smith D, McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Skeletal muscle fat metabolism after exercise in humans: influence of fat availability. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1577-85. [PMID: 23519231 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00824.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms facilitating increased skeletal muscle fat oxidation following prolonged, strenuous exercise remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) availability on intramuscular malonyl-CoA concentration and the regulation of whole-body fat metabolism during a 6-h postexercise recovery period. Eight endurance-trained men performed three trials, consisting of 1.5 h high-intensity and exhaustive exercise, followed by infusion of saline, saline + nicotinic acid (NA; low FFA), or Intralipid and heparin [high FFA (HFA)]. Muscle biopsies were obtained at the end of exercise (0 h) and at 3 and 6 h in recovery. Ingestion of NA suppressed the postexercise plasma FFA concentration throughout recovery (P < 0.01), except at 4 h. The alteration of the availability of plasma FFA during recovery induced a significant increase in whole-body fat oxidation during the 6-h period for HFA (52.2 ± 4.8 g) relative to NA (38.4 ± 3.1 g; P < 0.05); however, this response was unrelated to changes in skeletal muscle malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)β phosphorylation, suggesting mechanisms other than phosphorylation-mediated changes in ACC activity may have a role in regulating fat metabolism in human skeletal muscle during postexercise recovery. Despite marked changes in plasma FFA availability, no significant changes in intramuscular triglyceride concentrations were detected. These data suggest that the regulation of postexercise skeletal muscle fat oxidation in humans involves factors other than the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase-ACCβ-malonyl-CoA signaling pathway, although malonyl-CoA-mediated regulation cannot be excluded completely in the acute recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Kimber
- Department of Applied Science and Allied Health, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Ka S, Markljung E, Ring H, Albert FW, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Wahlberg P, Garcia-Roves PM, Zierath JR, Denbow DM, Pääbo S, Siegel PB, Andersson L, Hallböök F. Expression of carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1B is influenced by a cis-acting eQTL in two chicken lines selected for high and low body weight. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:367-76. [PMID: 23512741 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00078.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1B is a mitochondrial enzyme in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. In a previous study, CPT1B was identified as differentially expressed in the hypothalamus of two lines of chickens established by long-term selection for high (HWS) or low (LWS) body weight. Mammals have three paralogs (CPT1a, b and c) while nonmammalian vertebrates only have two (CPT1A, B). CPT1A is expressed in liver and CPT1B in muscle. CPT1c is expressed in hypothalamus, where it regulates feeding and energy expenditure. We identified an intronic length polymorphism, fixed for different alleles in the two populations, and mapped the hitherto missing CPT1B locus in the chicken genome assembly, to the distal tip of chromosome 1p. Based on molecular phylogeny and gene synteny we suggest that chicken CPT1B is pro-orthologous of the mammalian CPT1c. Chicken CPT1B was differentially expressed in both muscle and hypothalamus but in opposite directions: higher levels in hypothalamus but lower levels in muscle in the HWS than in the LWS line. Using an advanced intercross population of the lines, we found CPT1B expression to be influenced by a cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus in muscle. The increased expression in hypothalamus and reduced expression in muscle is consistent with an increased food intake in the HWS line and at the same time reduced fatty acid oxidation in muscle yielding a net accumulation of energy intake and storage. The altered expression of CPT1B in hypothalamus and peripheral tissue is likely to be a mechanism contributing to the remarkable difference between lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Ka
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Singh SP, Niemczyk M, Zimniak L, Zimniak P. Fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans triggered by the electrophilic lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Aging (Albany NY) 2008; 1:68-80. [PMID: 20157589 PMCID: PMC2815766 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Deposition and mobilization of fat in an organism are tightly controlled by multiple levels of endocrine and neuroendocrine regulation. Because these hormonal mechanisms ultimately act by affecting biochemical reactions of fat synthesis or utilization, obesity could be also modulated by altering directly the underlying lipid biochemistry. We have previously shown that genetically modified mice with an elevated level of the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE become obese. We now demonstrate that the process is phylogenetically conserved and thus likely to be universal. In the nematode C. elegans, disruption of either conjugation or oxidation of 4-HNE leads to fat accumulation, whereas augmentation of 4-HNE conjugation results in a lean phenotype. Moreover, direct treatment of C. elegans with synthetic 4-HNE causes increased lipid storage, directly demonstrating a causative role of 4-HNE. The postulated mechanism, which involves modulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, could contribute to the triggering and maintenance of the obese phenotype on a purely metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda P. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Maciej Niemczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ludwika Zimniak
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Piotr Zimniak
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans
Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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