1
|
Wongdontree P, Millan-Oropeza A, Upfold J, Lavergne JP, Halpern D, Lambert C, Page A, Kénanian G, Grangeasse C, Henry C, Fouet A, Gloux K, Anba-Mondoloni J, Gruss A. Oxidative stress is intrinsic to staphylococcal adaptation to fatty acid synthesis antibiotics. iScience 2024; 27:109505. [PMID: 38577105 PMCID: PMC10993138 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics inhibiting the fatty acid synthesis pathway (FASII) of the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus reach their enzyme targets, but bacteria continue growth by using environmental fatty acids (eFAs) to produce phospholipids. We assessed the consequences and effectors of FASII-antibiotic (anti-FASII) adaptation. Anti-FASII induced lasting expression changes without genomic rearrangements. Several identified regulators affected the timing of adaptation outgrowth. Adaptation resulted in decreased expression of major virulence factors. Conversely, stress responses were globally increased and adapted bacteria were more resistant to peroxide killing. Importantly, pre-exposure to peroxide led to faster anti-FASII-adaptation by stimulating eFA incorporation. This adaptation differs from reports of peroxide-stimulated antibiotic efflux, which leads to tolerance. In vivo, anti-FASII-adapted S. aureus killed the insect host more slowly but continued multiplying. We conclude that staphylococcal adaptation to FASII antibiotics involves reprogramming, which decreases virulence and increases stress resistance. Peroxide, produced by the host to combat infection, favors anti-FASII adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paprapach Wongdontree
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aaron Millan-Oropeza
- PAPPSO Platform, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jennifer Upfold
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavergne
- Bacterial Pathogens and Protein Phosphorylation, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biology, UMR 5086 - CNRS / Université de Lyon, Building IBCP, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon, France
| | - David Halpern
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Clara Lambert
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Page
- Protein Science Facility, SFR BioSciences, CNRS, UMS3444, INSERM US8, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gérald Kénanian
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Grangeasse
- Bacterial Pathogens and Protein Phosphorylation, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biology, UMR 5086 - CNRS / Université de Lyon, Building IBCP, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Henry
- PAPPSO Platform, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Agnès Fouet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Karine Gloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jamila Anba-Mondoloni
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandra Gruss
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pruitt EL, Zhang R, Ross DH, Ashford NK, Chen X, Alonzo F, Bush MF, Werth BJ, Xu L. Elucidating the impact of bacterial lipases, human serum albumin, and FASII inhibition on the utilization of exogenous fatty acids by Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2023; 8:e0036823. [PMID: 38014966 PMCID: PMC10732024 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00368-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Incorporation of host-derived exogenous fatty acids (eFAs), particularly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), by Staphylococcus aureus could affect the bacterial membrane fluidity and susceptibility to antimicrobials. In this work, we found that glycerol ester hydrolase (Geh) is the primary lipase hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters and, to a lesser extent, triglycerides and that human serum albumin (HSA) could serve as a buffer of eFAs, where low levels of HSA facilitate the utilization of eFAs but high levels of HSA inhibit it. The fact that the type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) inhibitor, AFN-1252, leads to an increase in UFA content even in the absence of eFA suggests that membrane property modulation is part of its mechanism of action. Thus, Geh and/or the FASII system look to be promising targets to enhance S. aureus killing in a host environment by restricting eFA utilization or modulating membrane properties, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Pruitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rutan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dylan H. Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago-Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago-Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian J. Werth
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussein M, Allobawi R, Zhao J, Yu H, Neville SL, Wilksch J, Wong LJM, Baker M, McDevitt CA, Rao GG, Li J, Velkov T. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Mapping Reveals the Mechanism of Action of Ceftazidime/Avibactam against Pan-Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2409-2422. [PMID: 37878861 PMCID: PMC10714405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we employed an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics approach to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of action of ceftazidime/avibactam against a pan-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolate from a patient with urinary tract infection. Ceftazidime/avibactam induced time-dependent perturbations in the metabolome and transcriptome of the bacterium, mainly at 6 h, with minimal effects at 1 and 3 h. Metabolomics analysis revealed a notable reduction in essential lipids involved in outer membrane glycerolipid biogenesis. This disruption effect extended to peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathways, including lipid A and O-antigen assembly. Importantly, ceftazidime/avibactam not only affected the final steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the periplasm, a common mechanism of ceftazidime action, but also influenced the synthesis of lipid-linked intermediates and early stages of cytoplasmic peptidoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, ceftazidime/avibactam substantially inhibited central carbon metabolism (e.g., the pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle). Consistently, the dysregulation of genes governing these metabolic pathways aligned with the metabolomics findings. Certain metabolomics and transcriptomics signatures associated with ceftazidime resistance were also perturbed. Consistent with the primary target of antibiotic activity, biochemical assays also confirmed the direct impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on peptidoglycan production. This study explored the intricate interactions of ceftazidime and avibactam within bacterial cells, including their impact on cell envelope biogenesis and central carbon metabolism. Our findings revealed the complexities of how ceftazidime/avibactam operates, such as hindering peptidoglycan formation in different cellular compartments. In summary, this study confirms the existing hypotheses about the antibacterial and resistance mechanisms of ceftazidime/avibactam while uncovering novel insights, including its impact on lipopolysaccharide formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maytham Hussein
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rafah Allobawi
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Heidi Yu
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie L. Neville
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wilksch
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Labell J. M. Wong
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark Baker
- Discipline
of Biological Sciences, Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Biology,
Faculty of Science and IT, University of
Newcastle, University
Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Christopher A. McDevitt
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division
of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School
of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7355, United
States
| | - Jian Li
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash
Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pruitt EL, Zhang R, Ross DH, Ashford NK, Chen X, Alonzo F, Bush MF, Werth BJ, Xu L. Elucidating the Impact of Bacterial Lipases, Human Serum Albumin, and FASII Inhibition on the Utilization of Exogenous Fatty Acids by Staphylococcus aureus. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.29.547085. [PMID: 37425828 PMCID: PMC10327171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus only synthesizes straight-chain or branched-chain saturated fatty acids (SCFAs or BCFAs) via the type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway, but as a highly adaptive pathogen, S. aureus can also utilize host-derived exogenous fatty acids (eFAs), including SCFAs and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). S. aureus secretes three lipases, Geh, sal1, and SAUSA300_0641, which could perform the function of releasing fatty acids from host lipids. Once released, the FAs are phosphorylated by the fatty acid kinase, FakA, and incorporated into the bacterial lipids. In this study, we determined the substrate specificity of S. aureus secreted lipases, the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) on eFA incorporation, and the effect of FASII inhibitor, AFN-1252, on eFA incorporation using comprehensive lipidomics. When grown with major donors of fatty acids, cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs), Geh was found to be the primary lipase responsible for hydrolyzing CEs, but other lipases could compensate for the function of Geh in hydrolyzing TGs. Lipidomics showed that eFAs were incorporated into all major S. aureus lipid classes and that fatty acid-containing HSA can serve as a source of eFAs. Furthermore, S. aureus grown with UFAs displayed decreased membrane fluidity and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to AFN-1252 enhanced UFAs in the bacterial membrane, even without a source of eFAs, indicating a FASII pathway modification. Thus, the incorporation of eFAs alters the S. aureus lipidome, membrane fluidity, and ROS formation, which could affect host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility to membrane-targeting antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Pruitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rutan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dylan H. Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago-Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago-Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian J. Werth
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lambert C, Poyart C, Gruss A, Fouet A. FabT, a Bacterial Transcriptional Repressor That Limits Futile Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022;:e0002922. [PMID: 35726719 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are vital membrane constituents that determine cell functions and interactions with the environment. For bacterial pathogens, rapid adjustment of phospholipid composition to changing conditions during infection can be crucial for growth and survival. Fatty acid synthesis (FASII) regulators are central to this process. This review puts the spotlight on FabT, a MarR-family regulator of FASII characterized in streptococci, enterococci, and lactococci. Roles of FabT in virulence, as reported in mouse and nonhuman primate infection models, will be discussed. We present FabT structure, the FabT regulon, and changes in FabT regulation according to growth conditions. A unique feature of FabT concerns its modulation by an unconventional corepressor, acyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP). Some bacteria express two ACP proteins, which are distinguished by their interactions with endogenous or exogenous fatty acid sources, one of which causes strong FabT repression. This system seems to allow preferred use of environmental fatty acids, thereby saving energy by limiting futile FASII activity. Control of fabT expression and FabT activity link various metabolic pathways to FASII. The various physiological consequences of FabT loss summarized here suggest that FabT has potential as a narrow range therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pulschen AA, Fernandes AZN, Cunha AF, Sastre DE, Matsuguma BE, Gueiros-Filho FJ. Many birds with one stone: targeting the (p)ppGpp signaling pathway of bacteria to improve antimicrobial therapy. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1039-1051. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|