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Benjamin ESB, Vinod E, Illangeswaran RSS, Rajamani BM, Vidhyadharan RT, Bagchi A, Maity A, Mohan A, Parasuraman G, Amirtham SM, Abraham A, Velayudhan SR, Balasubramanian P. Immortalised chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) line retains the immunomodulatory and chemoprotective properties of CML patient-derived MSCs. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111067. [PMID: 38281615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite the success of Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), leukemic stem cells (LSCs) persist, contributing to relapse and resistance. CML Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) help in LSC maintenance and protection from TKIs. However, the limited passage and self-differentiation abilities of primary CML MSCs hinder extensive research. To overcome this, we generated and characterized an immortalised CML patient-derived MSC (iCML MSC) line and assessed its role in LSC maintenance. We also compared the immunophenotype and differentiation potential between primary CML MSCs at diagnosis, post-treatment, and with normal bone marrow MSCs. Notably, CML MSCs exhibited enhanced chondrogenic differentiation potential compared to normal MSCs. The iCML MSC line retained the trilineage differentiation potential and was genetically stable, enabling long-term investigations. Functional studies demonstrated that iCML MSCs protected CML CD34+ cells from imatinib-induced apoptosis, recapitulating the bone marrow microenvironment-mediated resistance observed in patients. iCML MSC-conditioned media enabled CML CD34+ and AML blast cells to proliferate rapidly, with no impact on healthy donor CD34+ cells. Gene expression profiling revealed dysregulated genes associated with calcium metabolism in CML CD34+ cells cocultured with iCML MSCs, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. Further, cytokine profiling revealed that the primary CML MSC lines abundantly secreted 25 cytokines involved in immune regulation, supporting the hypothesis that CML MSCs create an immune modulatory microenvironment that promotes growth and protects against TKIs. Our study establishes the utility of iCML MSCs as a valuable model to investigate leukemic-stromal interactions and study candidate genes involved in mediating TKI resistance in CML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sathya Bama Benjamin
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Ranipet campus, India; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christain Medical College, Vellore, India; Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), CMC Campus, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | - Abhirup Bagchi
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), CMC Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Ranipet campus, India
| | - Ajith Mohan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Ranipet campus, India
| | | | | | - Aby Abraham
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Ranipet campus, India
| | - Shaji R Velayudhan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Ranipet campus, India; Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), CMC Campus, Vellore, India
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Komorowski L, Dabkowska A, Madzio J, Pastorczak A, Szczygiel K, Janowska M, Fidyt K, Bielecki M, Hunia J, Bajor M, Stoklosa T, Winiarska M, Patkowska E, Firczuk M. Concomitant inhibition of the thioredoxin system and nonhomologous DNA repair potently sensitizes Philadelphia-positive lymphoid leukemia to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e56. [PMID: 38486859 PMCID: PMC10938465 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR::ABL1) gene fusion is an essential oncogene in both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in up to 95% of CML patients, 50% of Ph+ B-ALL cases do not respond to treatment or relapse. This calls for new therapeutic approaches for Ph+ B-ALL. Previous studies have shown that inhibitors of the thioredoxin (TXN) system exert antileukemic activity against B-ALL cells, particularly in combination with other drugs. Here, we present that peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of the enzymes of the TXN system, is upregulated in Ph+ lymphoid as compared to Ph+ myeloid cells. PRDX1 knockout negatively affects the viability of Ph+ B-ALL cells and sensitizes them to TKIs. Analysis of global gene expression changes in imatinib-treated, PRDX1-deficient cells revealed that the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair is a novel vulnerability of Ph+ B-ALL cells. Accordingly, PRDX1-deficient Ph+ B-ALL cells were susceptible to NHEJ inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrated the potent efficacy of a novel combination of TKIs, TXN inhibitors, and NHEJ inhibitors against Ph+ B-ALL cell lines and primary cells, which can be further investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Komorowski
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Joanna Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Kacper Szczygiel
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Polpharma Biologics SAGdańskPoland
| | - Martyna Janowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
| | - Jaromir Hunia
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | | | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
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3
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Khorashad JS, Rizzo S, Tonks A. Reactive oxygen species and its role in pathogenesis and resistance to therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Drug Resist 2024; 7:5. [PMID: 38434766 PMCID: PMC10905166 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Relapse following a short clinical response to therapy is the major challenge for the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Leukemic stem cells (LSC), as the source of relapse, have been investigated for their metabolic preferences and their alterations at the time of relapse. As LSC rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy requirement, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as by-products of OXPHOS, have been investigated for their role in the effectiveness of the standard AML therapy. Increased levels of non-mitochondrial ROS, generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, in a subgroup of AML patients add to the complexity of studying ROS. Although there are various studies presenting the contribution of ROS to AML pathogenesis, resistance, and its inhibition or activation as a target, a model that can clearly explain its role in AML has not been conceptualized. This is due to the heterogeneity of AML, the dynamics of ROS production, which is influenced by factors such as the type of treatment, cell differentiation state, mitochondrial activity, and also the heterogeneous generation of non-mitochondrial ROS and limited available data on their interaction with the microenvironment. This review summarizes these challenges and the recent progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Sorouri Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sian Rizzo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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4
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Reis J, Gorgulla C, Massari M, Marchese S, Valente S, Noce B, Basile L, Törner R, Cox H, Viennet T, Yang MH, Ronan MM, Rees MG, Roth JA, Capasso L, Nebbioso A, Altucci L, Mai A, Arthanari H, Mattevi A. Targeting ROS production through inhibition of NADPH oxidases. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1540-1550. [PMID: 37884805 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are transmembrane enzymes that are devoted to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In cancers, dysregulation of NOX enzymes affects ROS production, leading to redox unbalance and tumor progression. Consequently, NOXs are a drug target for cancer therapeutics, although current therapies have off-target effects: there is a need for isoenzyme-selective inhibitors. Here, we describe fully validated human NOX inhibitors, obtained from an in silico screen, targeting the active site of Cylindrospermum stagnale NOX5 (csNOX5). The hits are validated by in vitro and in cellulo enzymatic and binding assays, and their binding modes to the dehydrogenase domain of csNOX5 studied via high-resolution crystal structures. A high-throughput screen in a panel of cancer cells shows activity in selected cancer cell lines and synergistic effects with KRAS modulators. Our work lays the foundation for the development of inhibitor-based methods for controlling the tightly regulated and highly localized ROS sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Gorgulla
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marta Massari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Marchese
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Basile
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ricarda Törner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huel Cox
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thibault Viennet
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moon Hee Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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5
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Ijurko C, Romo-González M, García-Calvo C, Sardina JL, Sánchez-Bernal C, Sánchez-Yagüe J, Elena-Herrmann B, Villaret J, Garrel C, Mondet J, Mossuz P, Hernández-Hernández Á. NOX2 control over energy metabolism plays a role in acute myeloid leukaemia prognosis and survival. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:18-28. [PMID: 37806599 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, however the therapeutic approaches have hardly changed in the last decades. Metabolism rewiring and the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are hallmarks of cancer. A deeper understanding of these features could be instrumental for the development of specific AML-subtypes treatments. NADPH oxidases (NOX), the only cellular system specialised in ROS production, are also involved in leukemic metabolism control. NOX2 shows a variable expression in AML patients, so patients can be classified based on such difference. Here we have analysed whether NOX2 levels are important for AML metabolism control. The lack of NOX2 in AML cells slowdowns basal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), along with the accumulation of metabolites that feed such routes, and a sharp decrease of glutathione. In addition, we found changes in the expression of 725 genes. Among them, we have discovered a panel of 30 differentially expressed metabolic genes, whose relevance was validated in patients. This panel can segregate AML patients according to CYBB expression, and it can predict patient prognosis and survival. In summary, our data strongly support the relevance of NOX2 for AML metabolism, and highlights the potential of our discoveries in AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Clara García-Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - José Luis Sardina
- Epigenetic Control of Haematopoiesis Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Yagüe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, GEMELI Platform, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Joran Villaret
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, GEMELI Platform, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Hospital of Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), CS 20217, 38043, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Julie Mondet
- Team "Epigenetic Regulations", Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, 38700, Grenoble, France; Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Hospital of Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), CS 20217, 38043, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Team "Epigenetic Regulations", Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, 38700, Grenoble, France; Department of Biological Hematology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Hospital of Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), CS 20217, 38043, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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Jang J, Kim H, Park SS, Kim M, Min YK, Jeong HO, Kim S, Hwang T, Choi DWY, Kim HJ, Song S, Kim DO, Lee S, Lee CH, Lee JW. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Cellular Factors for Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Aplastic Anemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e977. [PMID: 37908861 PMCID: PMC10615405 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a lethal hematological disorder; however, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is a major treatment option for AA, one-third of patients do not respond to IST and its resistance mechanism remains elusive. To understand AA pathogenesis and IST resistance, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bone marrow (BM) from healthy controls and patients with AA at diagnosis. We found that CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells were significantly depleted in AA, which suggests that the depletion of CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells might be one of the major mechanisms for AA pathogenesis related with BM-cell hypoplasia. More importantly, we observed the significant enrichment of CD8+ T cells and T cell-activating intercellular interactions in IST responders, indicating the association between the expansion and activation of T cells and the positive response of IST in AA. Taken together, our findings represent a valuable resource offering novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity in the BM of AA and reveal potential biomarkers for IST, building the foundation for future precision therapies in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-oh Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - David Whee-Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea SCBIO Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chang CF, Huang SP, Hsueh YM, Chen PL, Lee CH, Geng JH, Huang CY, Bao BY. CYBA as a Potential Biomarker for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Evidence from an Integrated Genetic Analysis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:469-475. [PMID: 37643785 PMCID: PMC10464943 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oxidative stress plays an important role in various pathogenic processes, and disruption in the coordinated production of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species has been associated with carcinogenesis. However, little is known about whether genetic variants in NOX can contribute to the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by analysing the association of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the phagocyte NOX genes, CYBA and CYBB, with RCC risk and tumour characteristics in 630 RCC patients and controls. Differential gene expression and patient prognosis analyses were performed using gene expression data obtained from public databases. RESULTS Multivariate analysis and multiple testing corrections revealed the A allele of rs7195830 in CYBA to be a significant risk allele for RCC, compared to the G allele [odds ratio (OR)=1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.27-2.26, p<0.001]. A pooled analysis of 17 renal cancer gene expression datasets revealed a higher CYBA expression in RCC than in normal tissues. Moreover, high CYBA expression was associated with advanced tumour characteristics and worse patient prognosis. CONCLUSION CYBA might play an oncogenic role in RCC and serve as a predictive indicator of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fen Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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8
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Germon ZP, Sillar JR, Mannan A, Duchatel RJ, Staudt D, Murray HC, Findlay IJ, Jackson ER, McEwen HP, Douglas AM, McLachlan T, Schjenken JE, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Huang H, Melo-Braga MN, Plank MW, Alvaro F, Chamberlain J, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ, Nixon B, Wei AH, Enjeti AK, Huang Y, Lock RB, Larsen MR, Lee H, Vaghjiani V, Cain JE, de Bock CE, Verrills NM, Dun MD. Blockade of ROS production inhibits oncogenic signaling in acute myeloid leukemia and amplifies response to precision therapies. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabp9586. [PMID: 36976863 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abp9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are frequent in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor prognosis. AML is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce cysteine oxidation in redox-sensitive signaling proteins. Here, we sought to characterize the specific pathways affected by ROS in AML by assessing oncogenic signaling in primary AML samples. The oxidation or phosphorylation of signaling proteins that mediate growth and proliferation was increased in samples from patient subtypes with FLT3 mutations. These samples also showed increases in the oxidation of proteins in the ROS-producing Rac/NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) complex. Inhibition of NOX2 increased the apoptosis of FLT3-mutant AML cells in response to FLT3 inhibitors. NOX2 inhibition also reduced the phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation of FLT3 in patient-derived xenograft mouse models, suggesting that decreased oxidative stress reduces the oncogenic signaling of FLT3. In mice grafted with FLT3 mutant AML cells, treatment with a NOX2 inhibitor reduced the number of circulating cancer cells, and combining FLT3 and NOX2 inhibitors increased survival to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Together, these data raise the possibility that combining NOX2 and FLT3 inhibitors could improve the treatment of FLT3 mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacary P Germon
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Sillar
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J Duchatel
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Dilana Staudt
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather C Murray
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Izac J Findlay
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangeline R Jackson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alicia M Douglas
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tabitha McLachlan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Honggang Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marcella N Melo-Braga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maximilian W Plank
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Janis Chamberlain
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heather Lee
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Vijesh Vaghjiani
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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9
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Algariri ES, Mydin RBS, Moses EJ, Okekpa SI, Rahim NAA, Yusoff NM. Knockdown of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ( STIM1) Suppresses Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia-M5 Cell Line Survival Through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Activities. Turk J Haematol 2023; 40:11-17. [PMID: 36404683 PMCID: PMC9979743 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2022.2022.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) gene in the survival of the acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)-M5 cell line (THP-1). Materials and Methods The STIM1 effect was assessed via dicersubstrate siRNA-mediated STIM1 knockdown. The effect of STIM1 knockdown on the expression of AKT and MAPK pathway-related genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation-related genes was tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cellular functions, including ROS generation, cell proliferation, and colony formation, were also evaluated following STIM1 knockdown. Results The findings revealed that STIM1 knockdown reduced intracellular ROS levels via downregulation of NOX2 and PKC. These findings were associated with the downregulation of AKT, KRAS, MAPK, and CMYC. BCL2 was also downregulated, while BAX was upregulated following STIM1 knockdown. Furthermore, STIM1 knockdown reduced THP-1 cell proliferation and colony formation. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the role of STIM1 in promoting AML cell proliferation and survival through enhanced ROS generation and regulation of AKT/MAPK-related pathways. These findings may help establish STIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Salem Algariri
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,Hadhramout University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hadhramout, Yemen
| | - Rabiatul Basria S.M.N. Mydin
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,* Address for Correspondence: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Simon Imakwu Okekpa
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,Ebonyi State University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Nur Arzuar Abdul Rahim
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Narzah Mohd Yusoff
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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10
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Yuan H, Wu X, Liu H, Chang LJ. Lentiviral Gene Therapy of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Functional Assessment of Universal and Tissue-Specific Promoters. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:19-29. [PMID: 36274229 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare congenital immunodeficiency characterized by a defect in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase required for phagocytosis. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is currently the only curative treatment, but it is ladened with morbidities and mortality. Gene therapy is a promising treatment for CGD. However, if not properly designed, the gene therapy approach may not be successful. We engineered lentiviral vectors (LVs) carrying a universal promoter (EF1a) and two myeloid-specific promoters (miR223 and CD68) to drive the expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) or CYBB, one of the key defective genes causing CGD. Tissue-specific LV expression was investigated in vitro and in a CGD mouse model. We compared GFP expression in both myeloid differentiated and undifferentiated HSCs. The CGD mice were transplanted with LV-modified mouse HSCs to investigate expression of CYBB and restoration of reactive oxygen species. The LV promoters were further compared under low and high-transgenic conditions to assess safety and therapeutic efficacy. A pneumonia disease model based on pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus challenge was established to assess the survival rate and body weight change. All three promoters demonstrated ectopic CYBB expression in vitro and in vivo. The EF1a promoter showed the highest expression of GFP or CYBB in transduced cells, including HSCs without cytotoxicity, whereas the LV-miR223 showed the highest transgene delivery efficiency with high myeloid specificity. Importantly, under low-transgenic condition, only the LV-EF1a-CYBB showed high antibacterial activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Yuan
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lung-Ji Chang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Akhiani AA, Martner A. Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Regulation of NOX-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36670929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of NADPH oxidases (NOX) and the ensuing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a vital aspect of antimicrobial defense but may also promote tumorigenesis. Enhanced NOX activity has been associated with aberrant activation of oncogenic cascades such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which is upregulated in several malignancies. In this review, we examine the role of PI3K on the regulation of NOX-induced ROS formation in cancer.
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12
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Matuz-Mares D, Vázquez-Meza H, Vilchis-Landeros MM. NOX as a Therapeutic Target in Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2038. [PMID: 36290761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase (NADPH oxidase or NOX) plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and fibrosis in several organs such as the lungs, pancreas, kidney, liver, and heart. In the liver, NOXs contribute, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), to hepatic fibrosis by acting through multiple pathways, including hepatic stellate cell activation, proliferation, survival, and migration of hepatic stellate cells; hepatocyte apoptosis, enhancement of fibrogenic mediators, and mediation of an inflammatory cascade in both Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. ROS are overwhelmingly produced during malignant transformation and hepatic carcinogenesis (HCC), creating an oxidative microenvironment that can cause different and various types of cellular stress, including DNA damage, ER stress, cell death of damaged hepatocytes, and oxidative stress. NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4, members of the NADPH oxidase family, have been linked to the production of ROS in the liver. This review will analyze some diseases related to an increase in oxidative stress and its relationship with the NOX family, as well as discuss some therapies proposed to slow down or control the disease's progression.
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13
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G JM, P P, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S, Gandhirajan RK. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancers: Recent Advances. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:447-470. [PMID: 36214686 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction reactions played a significant role in the chemical evolution of life forms on oxygenated earth. Cellular respiration is dependent on such redox reactions, and any imbalance leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in both chronic and acute illnesses. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), by 2040, the global burden of new cancer cases is expected to be around 27.5 million, with 16.3 million cancer deaths due to an increase in risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle, environmental factors, aberrant gene mutations, and resistance to therapies. ROS play an important role in cellular signalling, but they can cause severe damage to tissues when present at higher levels. Elevated and chronic levels of ROS are pertinent in carcinogenesis, while several therapeutic strategies rely on altering cellular ROS to eliminate tumour cells as they are more susceptible to ROS-induced damage than normal cells. Given this selective targeting potential, therapies that can effectively modulate ROS levels have been the focus of intense research in recent years. The current review describes biologically relevant ROS, its origins in solid and haematological cancers, and the current status of evolving antioxidant and pro-oxidant therapies in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyasree M G
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Prerana P
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India.,Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India.,Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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14
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Jabbar S, Mathews P, Kang Y. Emerging Evidence of the Significance of Thioredoxin-1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35883782 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is undergoing a demographic shift towards an older population with profound economic, social, and healthcare implications. The number of Americans aged 65 and older will reach 80 million by 2040. The shift will be even more dramatic in the extremes of age, with a projected 400% increase in the population over 85 years old in the next two decades. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ageing is crucial to reduce ageing-associated disease and to improve the quality of life for the elderly. In this review, we summarized the changes associated with the ageing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and what is known about some of the key underlying cellular and molecular pathways. We focus here on the effects of reactive oxygen species and the thioredoxin redox homeostasis system on ageing biology in HSCs and the HSC microenvironment. We present additional data from our lab demonstrating the key role of thioredoxin-1 in regulating HSC ageing.
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15
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolism in Leukemia: A Dangerous Liaison. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889875. [PMID: 35757686 PMCID: PMC9218220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, are increasingly recognized as regulators of cellular signaling. Keeping ROS levels low is essential to safeguard the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC reside in a hypoxic environment and have been shown to be highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway to meet their energy requirements. However, when the differentiation machinery is activated, there is an essential enhancement of ROS together with a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism. Initiating and sustaining leukemia depend on the activity of leukemic stem cells (LSC). LSC also show low ROS levels, but unlike HSC, LSC rely on oxygen to meet their metabolic energetic requirements through mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, leukemic blasts show high ROS levels and great metabolic plasticity, both of which seem to sustain their invasiveness. Oxidative stress and metabolism rewiring are recognized as hallmarks of cancer that are intimately intermingled. Here we present a detailed overview of these two features, sustained at different levels, that support a two-way relationship in leukemia. Modifying ROS levels and targeting metabolism are interesting therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we provide the most recent evidence on the modulation of oxidative stress and metabolism as a suitable anti-leukemic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Patel SB, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Welner RS. Deciphering Metabolic Adaptability of Leukemic Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846149. [PMID: 35756656 PMCID: PMC9213881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells is widely studied to control leukemia. An emerging approach gaining popularity is altering metabolism as a potential therapeutic opportunity. Studies have been carried out on hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells to identify vulnerable pathways without impacting the non-transformed, healthy counterparts. While many metabolic studies have been conducted using stem cells, most have been carried out in vitro or on a larger population of progenitor cells due to challenges imposed by the low frequency of stem cells found in vivo. This creates artifacts in the studies carried out, making it difficult to interpret and correlate the findings to stem cells directly. This review discusses the metabolic difference seen between hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells across different leukemic models. Moreover, we also shed light on the advancements of metabolic techniques and current limitations and areas for additional research of the field to study stem cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta B Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Divison of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Dakik H, El Dor M, Bourgeais J, Kouzi F, Herault O, Gouilleux F, Zibara K, Mazurier F. Diphenyleneiodonium Triggers Cell Death of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Blocking the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, and Synergizes with Cytarabine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102485. [PMID: 35626090 PMCID: PMC9140039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive heterogeneous cancer of the blood, of which 70% of cases develop relapse. Relapse is mainly due to chemoresistant leukemic cells (LCs) that are characterized by high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) status, i.e., cells that are dependent on the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) function. The aim of our study was to determine whether diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)—known as a potent inhibitor of flavoproteins—could be used to target AML cells. Herein, we demonstrate that DPI disrupts the mitochondrial function of AML cell lines. Interestingly, we found that cells with high OxPhos are more sensitive to the apoptotic effects of DPI. Moreover, we showed that DPI sensitizes AML cell lines to cytarabine (Ara-C) treatment, suggesting that MRC inhibitors could be employed to target LCs that are resistant to this chemotherapeutic agent. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of undifferentiated blast cells in the bone marrow and blood. In most cases of AML, relapse frequently occurs due to resistance to chemotherapy. Compelling research results indicate that drug resistance in cancer cells is highly dependent on the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulating ROS levels is therefore a valuable strategy to overcome the chemotherapy resistance of leukemic cells. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)—a well-known inhibitor of ROS production—in targeting AML cells. Results showed that although inhibiting cytoplasmic ROS production, DPI also triggered an increase in the mitochondrial ROS levels, caused by the disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We also demonstrated that DPI blocks mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in a dose-dependent manner, and that AML cells with high OxPhos status are highly sensitive to treatment with DPI, which synergizes with the chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine (Ara-C). Thus, our results suggest that targeting mitochondrial function with DPI might be exploited to target AML cells with high OxPhos status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dakik
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Maya El Dor
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Jérôme Bourgeais
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Farah Kouzi
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 90656, Lebanon
| | - Olivier Herault
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 90656, Lebanon
- ER045, PRASE, Beirut 6573/14, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Frédéric Mazurier
- EA7501 GICC/CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (H.D.); (M.E.D.); (J.B.); (F.K.); (O.H.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (F.M.)
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18
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Li Z, Ma R, Ma S, Tian L, Lu T, Zhang J, Mundy-Bosse BL, Zhang B, Marcucci G, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. ILC1s control leukemia stem cell fate and limit development of AML. Nat Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35487987 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) are critical regulators of inflammation and immunity in mammalian tissues. However, their function in cancer is mostly undefined. Here we show that a high density of ILC1s induces leukemia stem cell (LSC) apoptosis in mice. At a lower density, ILC1s prevent LSCs from differentiating into leukemia progenitors and promote their differentiation into non-leukemic cells, thus blocking the production of terminal myeloid blasts. All of these effects, which require ILC1s to produce interferon-γ after cell–cell contact with LSCs, converge to suppress leukemogenesis in vivo. Conversely, the anti-leukemia potential of ILC1s wanes when JAK-STAT or PI3K-AKT signaling is inhibited. The relevant anti-leukemic properties of ILC1s are also functional in healthy people and impaired in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Collectively, these findings identify ILC1s as anti-cancer immune cells that might be suitable for AML immunotherapy, and provide a potential strategy to treat AML and prevent relapse of the disease.
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19
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Erdem A, Marin S, Pereira-Martins DA, Geugien M, Cunningham A, Pruis MG, Weinhäuser I, Gerding A, Bakker BM, Wierenga ATJ, Rego EM, Huls G, Cascante M, Schuringa JJ. Inhibition of the succinyl dehydrogenase complex in acute myeloid leukemia leads to a lactate-fuelled respiratory metabolic vulnerability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2013. [PMID: 35440568 PMCID: PMC9018882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic programs can differ substantially across genetically distinct subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These programs are not static entities but can change swiftly as a consequence of extracellular changes or in response to pathway-inhibiting drugs. Here, we uncover that AML patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD+) are characterized by a high expression of succinate-CoA ligases and high activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex II, thereby driving high mitochondrial respiration activity linked to the Krebs cycle. While inhibition of ETC complex II enhances apoptosis in FLT3-ITD+ AML, cells also quickly adapt by importing lactate from the extracellular microenvironment. 13C3-labelled lactate metabolic flux analyses reveal that AML cells use lactate as a fuel for mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of lactate transport by blocking Monocarboxylic Acid Transporter 1 (MCT1) strongly enhances sensitivity to ETC complex II inhibition in vitro as well as in vivo. Our study highlights a metabolic adaptability of cancer cells that can be exploited therapeutically. Inhibition of specific metabolic pathways often drives metabolic adaptation. Here, the authors show that FLT3-ITD + acute myeloid leukemia cells are OXPHOS-driven, and inhibition of complex II activity results in increased lactate influx to drive respiration, which creates a targetable vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Erdem
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego A Pereira-Martins
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Hematology Division, LIM31, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjan Geugien
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Cunningham
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurien G Pruis
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Weinhäuser
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Hematology Division, LIM31, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus T J Wierenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo M Rego
- Hematology Division, LIM31, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Ijurko C, González‐García N, Galindo‐Villardón P, Hernández‐Hernández Á. A 29-gene signature associated with NOX2 discriminates acute myeloid leukemia prognosis and survival. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:448-457. [PMID: 35073432 PMCID: PMC9303675 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular complexity displayed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) hinders patient stratification and treatment decisions. Previous studies support the utility of using specific gene panels for this purpose. Focusing on two salient features of AML, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOX) and metabolism, we aimed to identify a gene panel that could improve patient stratification. A pairwise comparison of AML versus healthy gene expression revealed the downregulation of four members of the NOX2 complex including CYBB (coding for NOX2) in AML patients. We analyzed the expression of 941 genes related to metabolism and found 28 genes with expression correlated to CYBB. This panel of 29 genes (29G) effectively divides AML samples according to their prognostic group. The robustness of 29G was confirmed by 6 AML cohort datasets with a total of 1821 patients (overall accuracies of 85%, 78%, 80%, 75%, 59% and 83%). An expression index (EI) was developed according to the expression of the selected discriminatory genes. Overall Survival (OS) was higher for low 29G expression index patients than for the high 29G expression index group, which was confirmed in three different datasets with a total of 1069 patients. Moreover, 29G can dissect intermediate‐prognosis patients in four clusters with different OS, which could improve the current AML stratification scheme. In summary, we have found a gene signature (29G) that can be used for AML classification and for OS prediction. Our results confirm NOX and metabolism as suitable therapeutic targets in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Nerea González‐García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Departamento de Estadística Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Purificación Galindo‐Villardón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Departamento de Estadística Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Centro de Investigación Institucional (CII) Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Santiago Chile
- Centro de Gestión de Estudios Estadísticos Universidad Estatal de Milagro Milagro Guayas Ecuador
| | - Ángel Hernández‐Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
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21
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Demircan MB, Schnoeder TM, Mgbecheta PC, Schröder K, Böhmer FD, Heidel FH. Context-specific effects of NOX4 inactivation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1983-1990. [PMID: 35348887 PMCID: PMC9293823 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress has been linked to initiation and progression of cancer and recent studies have indicated a potential translational role regarding modulation of ROS in various cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Detailed understanding of the complex machinery regulating ROS including its producer elements in cancer is required to define potential translational therapeutic use. Based on previous studies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models, we considered NADPH oxidase (NOX) family members, specifically NOX4 as a potential target in AML. METHODS Pharmacologic inhibition and genetic inactivation of NOX4 in murine and human models of AML were used to understand its functional role. For genetic inactivation, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used in human AML cell lines in vitro and genetically engineered knockout mice for Nox4 were used for deletion of Nox4 in hematopoietic cells via Mx1-Cre recombinase activation. RESULTS Pharmacologic NOX inhibitors and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of NOX4 and p22-phox (an essential NOX component) decreased proliferative capacity and cell competition in FLT3-ITD-positive human AML cells. In contrast, conditional deletion of Nox4 enhanced the myeloproliferative phenotype of an FLT3-ITD induced knock-in mouse model. Finally, Nox4 inactivation in normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) caused a minor reduction in HSC numbers and reconstitution capacity. CONCLUSION The role of NOX4 in myeloid malignancies appears highly context-dependent and its inactivation results in either enhancing or inhibitory effects. Therefore, targeting NOX4 in FLT3-ITD positive myeloid malignancies requires additional pre-clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Burak Demircan
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Tina M Schnoeder
- Innere Medizin C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter C Mgbecheta
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank-D Böhmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany. .,Innere Medizin C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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22
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Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transplantation of adult hematopoietic stem cells is an important therapeutic tool to help patients suffering from diverse hematological disorders. All types of blood cells can develop from a single hematopoietic stem cell underlining their enormous potential. Intense efforts are ongoing to generate “engraftable” human hematopoietic stem cells to treat hematopoietic diseases and to understand the molecular machinery driving them. Leukemic stem cells represent a low frequency subpopulation of leukemia cells that possess stem cell properties. They can instigate, maintain, and serially propagate leukemia in vivo, while they retain the capacity to differentiate into committed progenitors. Leukemic stem cells are unaffected by many therapeutic strategies and represent the major cause of relapse. We here describe all methods to maintain and expand murine and human hematopoietic cells in culture and describe their specific advantages. These methods are also employed to understand the biology of leukemic stem cells and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
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23
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Erdem A, Marin S, Pereira-Martins DA, Cortés R, Cunningham A, Pruis MG, de Boer B, van den Heuvel FAJ, Geugien M, Wierenga ATJ, Brouwers-Vos AZ, Rego EM, Huls G, Cascante M, Schuringa JJ. The Glycolytic Gatekeeper PDK1 defines different metabolic states between genetically distinct subtypes of human acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1105. [PMID: 35232995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia remains difficult to treat due to strong genetic heterogeneity between and within individual patients. Here, we show that Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) acts as a targetable determinant of different metabolic states in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PDK1low AMLs are OXPHOS-driven, are enriched for leukemic granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (L-GMP) signatures, and are associated with FLT3-ITD and NPM1cyt mutations. PDK1high AMLs however are OXPHOSlow, wild type for FLT3 and NPM1, and are enriched for stemness signatures. Metabolic states can even differ between genetically distinct subclones within individual patients. Loss of PDK1 activity releases glycolytic cells into an OXPHOS state associated with increased ROS levels resulting in enhanced apoptosis in leukemic but not in healthy stem/progenitor cells. This coincides with an enhanced dependency on glutamine uptake and reduced proliferation in vitro and in vivo in humanized xenograft mouse models. We show that human leukemias display distinct metabolic states and adaptation mechanisms that can serve as targets for treatment. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is genetically a very heterogeneous disease. Here, Erdem et al. uncover heterogeneity in the metabolic landscape of AML and identify Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) as a targetable determinant of different metabolic states in distinct subtypes of AML.
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24
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Ryu JW, Jung IH, Park EY, Kim KH, Kim K, Yeom J, Jung J, Lee SW. Radiation-induced C-reactive protein triggers apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through ROS interfering with the STAT3/Ref-1 complex. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2104-2118. [PMID: 35178859 PMCID: PMC8980952 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to normal tissue can occur over a long period after cancer radiotherapy. Free radical by radiation can initiate or accelerate chronic inflammation, which can lead to atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferate in response to JAK/STAT3 signalling. C-reactive protein (CRP) can induce VSMCs apoptosis via triggering NADPH oxidase (NOX). Apoptotic VSMCs promote instability and inflammation of atherosclerotic lesions. Herein, we identified a VSMCs that switched from proliferation to apoptosis through was enhanced by radiation-induced CRP. NOX inhibition using lentiviral sh-p22phox prevented apoptosis upon radiation-induced CRP. CRP overexpression reduced the amount of STAT3/Ref-1 complex, decreased JAK/STAT phosphorylation and formed a new complex of Ref-1/CRP in VSMC. Apoptosis of VSMCs was further increased by CRP co-overexpressed with Ref-1. Functional inhibition of NOX or p53 also prevented apoptotic activity of the CRP-Ref-1 complex. Immunofluorescence showed co-localization of CRP, Ref-1 and p53 with α-actin-positive VSMC in human atherosclerotic plaques. In conclusion, radiation-induced CRP increased the VSMCs apoptosis through Ref-1, which dissociated the STAT3/Ref-1 complex, interfered with JAK/STAT3 activity, and interacted with CRP-Ref-1, thus resulting in transcription-independent cell death via p53. Targeting CRP as a vascular side effect of radiotherapy could be exploited to improve curability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Ryu
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gang Neung Asan Medical Center, Ganneung-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yao K, Liu H, Yu S, Zhu H, Pan J. Resistance to mutant IDH inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2022; 533:215603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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26
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Park Y, Park M, Kim J, Ahn J, Sim J, Bang JI, Heo J, Choi H, Cho K, Lee M, Moon JS, Lim J. NOX2-Induced High Glycolytic Activity Contributes to the Gain of COL5A1-Mediated Mesenchymal Phenotype in GBM. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:516. [PMID: 35158782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of glioma and exhibits extensive heterogeneity and poor prognosis with a high recurrence rate. Among the genetic alterations in GBM with different phenotypic states, a mesenchymal subtype has been associated with a worse outcome in patients with GBM. The mechanisms for the gain of the mesenchymal subtype in GBM remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether NOX2-induced high glycolytic activity could contribute to the gain of the mesenchymal phenotype in GBM. We revealed that NOX2-induced high glycolytic activity can induce the gain of the COL5A1-mediated mesenchymal phenotype in GBM. Our findings will provide the molecular mechanism by which NOX2 contributes to the gain of mesenchymal phenotype in GBM. Abstract The alteration of the cellular metabolism is a hallmark of glioma. The high glycolytic phenotype is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of high-grade glioma, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM has been stratified into three subtypes as the proneural, mesenchymal, and classical subtypes. High glycolytic activity was found in mesenchymal GBM relative to proneural GBM. NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) has been linked to cellular metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumors. The role of NOX2 in the regulation of the high glycolytic phenotype and the gain of the mesenchymal subtype in glioma remain unclear. Here, our results show that the levels of NOX2 were elevated in patients with GBM. NOX2 induces hexokinase 2 (HK2)-dependent high glycolytic activity in U87MG glioma cells. High levels of NOX2 are correlated with high levels of HK2 and glucose uptake in patients with GBM relative to benign glioma. Moreover, NOX2 increases the expression of mesenchymal-subtype-related genes, including COL5A1 and FN1 in U87MG glioma cells. High levels of NOX2 are correlated with high levels of COL5A1 and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in patients with GBM relative to benign glioma. Furthermore, high levels of HK2 are correlated with high levels of COL5A1 in patients with GBM relative to benign glioma. Our results suggest that NOX2-induced high glycolytic activity contributes to the gain of the COL5A1-mediated mesenchymal phenotype in GBM.
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27
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de Beauchamp L, Himonas E, Helgason GV. Mitochondrial metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:1-12. [PMID: 34561557 PMCID: PMC8727299 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the understanding of the genomic aberrations that underpin chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia (CML and AML) has allowed the development of therapies for these diseases, limitations remain. These become apparent when looking at the frequency of treatment resistance leading to disease relapse in leukaemia patients. Key questions regarding the fundamental biology of the leukaemic cells, such as their metabolic dependencies, are still unresolved. Even though a majority of leukaemic cells are killed during initial treatment, persistent leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) and therapy-resistant cells are still not eradicated with current treatments, due to various mechanisms that may contribute to therapy resistance, including cellular metabolic adaptations. In fact, recent studies have shown that LSCs and treatment-resistant cells are dependent on mitochondrial metabolism, hence rendering them sensitive to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). As a result, rewired energy metabolism in leukaemic cells is now considered an attractive therapeutic target and the significance of this process is increasingly being recognised in various haematological malignancies. Therefore, identifying and targeting aberrant metabolism in drug-resistant leukaemic cells is an imperative and a relevant strategy for the development of new therapeutic options in leukaemia. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the most recent studies that present experimental evidence on how leukaemic cells can metabolically rewire, more specifically the importance of OXPHOS in LSCs and treatment-resistant cells, and the current drugs available to target this process. We highlight that uncovering specific energy metabolism dependencies will guide the identification of new and more targeted therapeutic strategies for myeloid leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie de Beauchamp
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ekaterini Himonas
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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28
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Niederkorn M, Ishikawa C, M. Hueneman K, Bartram J, Stepanchick E, R. Bennett J, E. Culver-Cochran A, Bolanos LC, Uible E, Choi K, Wunderlich M, Perentesis JP, M. Chlon T, Filippi MD, Starczynowski DT. The deubiquitinase USP15 modulates cellular redox and is a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:438-451. [PMID: 34465865 PMCID: PMC8807387 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) is a deubiquitinating enzyme implicated in critical cellular and oncogenic processes. We report that USP15 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as compared to normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. This high expression of USP15 in AML correlates with KEAP1 protein and suppression of NRF2. Knockdown or deletion of USP15 in human and mouse AML models significantly impairs leukemic progenitor function and viability and de-represses an antioxidant response through the KEAP1-NRF2 axis. Inhibition of USP15 and subsequent activation of NRF2 leads to redox perturbations in AML cells, coincident with impaired leukemic cell function. In contrast, USP15 is dispensable for human and mouse normal hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. A preclinical small-molecule inhibitor of USP15 induced the KEAP1-NRF2 axis and impaired AML cell function, suggesting that targeting USP15 catalytic function can suppress AML. Based on these findings, we report that USP15 drives AML cell function, in part, by suppressing a critical oxidative stress sensor mechanism and permitting an aberrant redox state. Furthermore, we postulate that inhibition of USP15 activity with small molecule inhibitors will selectively impair leukemic progenitor cells by re-engaging homeostatic redox responses while sparing normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Niederkorn
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Chiharu Ishikawa
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hueneman
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - James Bartram
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Emily Stepanchick
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Joshua R. Bennett
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Ashley E. Culver-Cochran
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Lyndsey C. Bolanos
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Emma Uible
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - John P. Perentesis
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Timothy M. Chlon
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Daniel T. Starczynowski
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Bolandi SM, Pakjoo M, Beigi P, Kiani M, Allahgholipour A, Goudarzi N, Khorashad JS, Eiring AM. A Role for the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2021; 10:2833. [PMID: 34831055 PMCID: PMC8616250 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis and remarkable resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding resistance mechanisms against currently available drugs helps to recognize the therapeutic obstacles. Various mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy or targeted inhibitors have been described for AML cells, including a role for the bone marrow niche in both the initiation and persistence of the disease, and in drug resistance of the leukemic stem cell (LSC) population. The BM niche supports LSC survival through direct and indirect interactions among the stromal cells, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and leukemic cells. Additionally, the BM niche mediates changes in metabolic and signal pathway activation due to the acquisition of new mutations or selection and expansion of a minor clone. This review briefly discusses the role of the BM microenvironment and metabolic pathways in resistance to therapy, as discovered through AML clinical studies or cell line and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammadreza Bolandi
- Department of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Sera Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; (S.M.B.); (N.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Mahdi Pakjoo
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; (M.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Peyman Beigi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; (M.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Mohammad Kiani
- Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Allahgholipour
- Department of Pharmacology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Negar Goudarzi
- Department of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Sera Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; (S.M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Jamshid S. Khorashad
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK;
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Mannan A, Germon ZP, Chamberlain J, Sillar JR, Nixon B, Dun MD. Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Reducing Radicals to Refine Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1616. [PMID: 34679751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and adolescents. Approximately 70% of patients survive >5-years following diagnosis, however, for those that fail upfront therapies, survival is poor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in a range of cancers and are emerging as significant contributors to the leukaemogenesis of ALL. ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, to promote chemotherapy resistance. Current therapeutic approaches exploit the pro-oxidant intracellular environment of malignant B and T lymphoblasts to cause irreversible DNA damage and cell death, however these strategies impact normal haematopoiesis and lead to long lasting side-effects. Therapies suppressing ROS production, especially those targeting ROS producing enzymes such as the NADPH oxidases (NOXs), are emerging alternatives to treat cancers and may be exploited to improve the ALL treatment. Here, we discuss the roles that ROS play in normal haematopoiesis and in ALL. We explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning overproduction of ROS in ALL, and their roles in disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we examine strategies to target ROS production, with a specific focus on the NOX enzymes, to improve the treatment of ALL.
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31
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Qin M, Zhao X, Chen X, Li D, Miao Y, Otieno Odhiambo W, Liu H, Ma Y, Ji Y. RAG enhances BCR-ABL1-positive leukemic cell growth through its endonuclease activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2679-2691. [PMID: 33949040 PMCID: PMC8253288 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL1 gene fusion associated with additional DNA lesions involves the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) from a chronic phase (CP) to a blast crisis of B lymphoid (CML-LBC) lineage and BCR-ABL1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ ALL). The recombination-activating gene RAG1 and RAG2 (collectively, RAG) proteins that assemble a diverse set of antigen receptor genes during lymphocyte development are abnormally expressed in CML-LBC and BCR-ABL1+ ALL. However, the direct involvement of dysregulated RAG in disease progression remains unclear. Here, we generate human wild-type (WT) RAG and catalytically inactive RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ and BCR-ABL1- cell lines, respectively, and demonstrate that BCR-ABL1 specifically collaborates with RAG recombinase to promote cell survival in vitro and in xenograft mice models. WT RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cell lines and primary CD34+ bone marrow cells from CML-LBC samples maintain more double-strand breaks (DSB) compared to catalytically inactive RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cell lines and RAG-deficient CML-CP samples, which are measured by γ-H2AX. WT RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cells are biased to repair RAG-mediated DSB by the alternative non-homologous end joining pathway (a-NHEJ), which could contribute genomic instability through increasing the expression of a-NHEJ-related MRE11 and RAD50 proteins. As a result, RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cells decrease sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) by activating BCR-ABL1 signaling but independent of the levels of BCR-ABL1 expression and mutations in the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase domain. These findings identify a surprising and novel role of RAG in the functional specialization of disease progression in BCR-ABL1+ leukemia through its endonuclease activity.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- DNA End-Joining Repair
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Endonucleases/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genomic Instability
- Heterografts
- Histones/analysis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- MRE11 Homologue Protein/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Nuclear Proteins/deficiency
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Yinsha Miao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
- Department of Clinical laboratoryXi’an No. 3 HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Wood Otieno Odhiambo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Huasheng Liu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
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Spiecker L, Witte I, Mehlig J, Shah V, Meyerhöfer M, Haehnel PS, Petermann V, Schüler A, More P, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Horke S, Pautz A, Daiber A, Sasca D, Kindler T, Kleinert H. Deficiency of Antioxidative Paraoxonase 2 (Pon2) Leads to Increased Number of Phenotypic LT-HSCs and Disturbed Erythropoiesis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:3917028. [PMID: 34257800 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3917028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) reside in bone marrow niches with tightly controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS increase results into LT-HSC differentiation and stem cell exhaustion. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) has been shown to be important for ROS control. Objectives We investigate the effects of inactivation of the PON2 gene on hematopoietic cell differentiation and activity. Methods and Results In young mice with inactivated Pon2 gene (Pon2−/−, <3 months), we observed an increase of LT-HSCs and a reduced frequency of progenitor cells. In competitive transplantations, young Pon2−/− BM outcompeted WT BM at early time points. ROS levels were significantly increased in Pon2−/− whole BM, but not in Pon2−/− LT-HSCs. In more differentiated stages of hematopoiesis, Pon2 deficiency led to a misbalanced erythropoiesis both in physiologic and stress conditions. In older mice (>9 months), Pon2 depletion caused an increase in LT-HSCs as well as increased levels of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs) and myeloid skewing, indicating a premature aging phenotype. No significant changes in ROS levels in old Pon2−/− LT- and short-term (ST-) HSCs were observed, but a significant reduction of spontaneous apoptotic cell death was measured. RNA-seq analysis in Pon2−/− LT-HSCs identified overrepresentation of genes involved in the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (Cxcr4) signaling, suggesting compensatory mechanisms to overcome ROS-mediated accelerated aging in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Conclusions In summary, our current data indicate that PON2 is involved in the regulation of HSC functions.
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Maraldi T, Angeloni C, Prata C, Hrelia S. NADPH Oxidases: Redox Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:973. [PMID: 34204425 PMCID: PMC8234808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within stem cells is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes (NOXs), which are critical determinants of the redox state beside antioxidant defense mechanisms. This balance is involved in another one that regulates stem cell fate: indeed, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation are decisive steps for stem cells during embryo development, adult tissue renovation, and cell therapy application. Ex vivo culture-expanded stem cells are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but events such as aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo proliferation, which is crucial for their clinical applications. Here, we review the role of NOX-derived ROS in stem cell biology and functions, focusing on positive and negative effects triggered by the activity of different NOX isoforms. We report recent findings on downstream molecular targets of NOX-ROS signaling that can modulate stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment and discuss the implications in ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity. This review highlights the role of NOX as a pivotal regulator of several stem cell populations, and we conclude that these aspects have important implications in the clinical utility of stem cells, but further studies on the effects of pharmacological modulation of NOX in human stem cells are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
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34
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Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) contribute to the physiological cellular turnover of the adult brain and make up its regenerative potential. It is thus essential to understand how different factors influence their proliferation and differentiation to gain better insight into potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries. Recent evidences indicate the roles of redox stress sensing and coping mechanisms in mediating the balance between NSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Such mechanisms involve direct cysteine modification, signaling and metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic alterations and transcription changes leading to adaptive responses like autophagy. Here, we discuss emerging findings on the involvement of redox sensors and effectors and their mechanisms in influencing changes in cellular redox potential and NSPC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- R&D Center, OneCureGEN Co., Ltd, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Deanna Tang
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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35
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Wang F, Morita K, DiNardo CD, Furudate K, Tanaka T, Yan Y, Patel KP, MacBeth KJ, Wu B, Liu G, Frattini M, Matthews JA, Little LD, Gumbs C, Song X, Zhang J, Thompson EJ, Kadia TM, Garcia-Manero G, Jabbour E, Ravandi F, Bhalla KN, Konopleva M, Kantarjian HM, Andrew Futreal P, Takahashi K. Leukemia stemness and co-occurring mutations drive resistance to IDH inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2607. [PMID: 33972549 PMCID: PMC8110775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric inhibitors of mutant IDH1 or IDH2 induce terminal differentiation of the mutant leukemic blasts and provide durable clinical responses in approximately 40% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with the mutations. However, primary resistance and acquired resistance to the drugs are major clinical issues. To understand the molecular underpinnings of clinical resistance to IDH inhibitors (IDHi), we perform multipronged genomic analyses (DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing and cytosine methylation profiling) in longitudinally collected specimens from 60 IDH1- or IDH2-mutant AML patients treated with the inhibitors. The analysis reveals that leukemia stemness is a major driver of primary resistance to IDHi, whereas selection of mutations in RUNX1/CEBPA or RAS-RTK pathway genes is the main driver of acquired resistance to IDHi, along with BCOR, homologous IDH gene, and TET2. These data suggest that targeting stemness and certain high-risk co-occurring mutations may overcome resistance to IDHi in AML. The regulation of resistance to IDH inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia is not completely understood. Here the authors reveal with integrative multi-omics analyses that stemness features are major drivers of primary resistance, while high-risk mutations drive acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiyomi Morita
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ken Furudate
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houstont, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Bin Wu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guowen Liu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jairo A Matthews
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Latasha D Little
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erika J Thompson
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Dakik H, El Dor M, Leclerc J, Kouzi F, Nehme A, Deynoux M, Debeissat C, Khamis G, Ducrocq E, Ibrik A, Stasia MJ, Raad H, Rezvani HR, Gouilleux F, Zibara K, Herault O, Mazurier F. Characterization of NADPH Oxidase Expression and Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines: A Correlation with the Differentiation Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:498. [PMID: 33807114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with leukemic stem cell (LSC) quiescence, whereas a high level promotes blast proliferation. ROS homeostasis relies on a tightly-regulated balance between the antioxidant and oxidant systems. Among the oxidants, NADPH oxidases (NOX) generate ROS as a physiological function. Although it has been reported in AML initiation and development, the contribution of NOX to the ROS production in AML remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the NOX expression and function in AML, and to examine the role of NOX in blast proliferation and differentiation. First, we interrogated the NOX expression in primary cells from public datasets, and investigated their association with prognostic markers. Next, we explored the NOX expression and activity in AML cell lines, and studied the impact of NOX knockdown on cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that NOX2 is ubiquitously expressed in AML blasts, and particularly in cells from the myelomonocytic (M4) and monocytic (M5) stages; however, it is less expressed in LSCs and in relapsed AML. This is consistent with an increased expression throughout normal hematopoietic differentiation, and is reflected in AML cell lines. Nevertheless, no endogenous NOX activity could be detected in the absence of PMA stimulation. Furthermore, CYBB knockdown, although hampering induced NOX2 activity, did not affect the proliferation and differentiation of THP-1 and HL-60 cells. In summary, our data suggest that NOX2 is a marker of AML blast differentiation, while AML cell lines lack any NOX2 endogenous activity.
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Robinson AJ, Davies S, Darley RL, Tonks A. Reactive Oxygen Species Rewires Metabolic Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632623. [PMID: 33777786 PMCID: PMC7993200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with poor clinical outcomes. We have previously shown that constitutive activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), resulting in over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), occurs in over 60% of AML patients. We have also shown that increased ROS production promotes increased glucose uptake and proliferation in AML cells, mediated by changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Given that carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms are all intricately interconnected, we aimed to examine the effect of cellular ROS levels on these pathways and establish further evidence that ROS rewires metabolism in AML. We carried out metabolomic profiling of AML cell lines in which NOX2-derived ROS production was inhibited and conversely in cells treated with exogenous H2O2. We report significant ROS-specific metabolic alterations in sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, purine metabolism, amino acid homeostasis and glycolysis. These data provide further evidence of ROS directed metabolic changes in AML and the potential for metabolic targeting as novel therapeutic arm to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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38
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Abstract
Malignant stem cells have long been considered a key therapeutic target in leukemia. Therapeutic strategies designed to target the fundamental biology of leukemia stem cells while sparing normal hematopoietic cells may provide better outcomes for leukemia patients. One process in leukemia stem cell biology that has intriguing therapeutic potential is energy metabolism. In this article we discuss the metabolic properties of leukemia stem cells and how targeting energy metabolism may provide more effective therapeutic regimens for leukemia patients. In addition, we highlight the similarities and differences in energy metabolism between leukemia stem cells and malignant stem cells from solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Jones
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College St. Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anagha Inguva
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, 12700 East 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, 12700 East 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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39
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Gándara-Mireles JA, Lares-Asseff I, Reyes Espinoza EA, Blanco JG, Chairez Hernández I, Córdova Hurtado LP, Loera Castañeda V, Patrón Romero L, Venzor Sánchez C, Payan Gándara H, Arechiga Gurrola D, Almanza Reyes H. Genotype Analysis of ABCC1, NCF4 and CBR3 Polymorphism and the Association With Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexican Childhood Population. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:616630. [PMID: 33613283 PMCID: PMC7887511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.616630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of genetic risk factors for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), are increasingly urgent and necessary. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the association of the genetic polymorphisms ABCC1 rs3743527, NCF4 rs1883112 and CBR3 rs1056892 with ALL. Methods: DNA samples were obtained in 71 children with ALL (from 2 to 18 years) and in 71 controls without ALL, to determine the polymorphisms by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), using specific TaqMan probes in a StepOne® thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, United States). Results: The results of the Odds Ratio analysis show that in the rs1883112 polymorphism of the NCF4 gene, the heterozygous allele has a risk effect for ALL (OR = 3.1870, CI = 1.8880-7.9383 and p = 0.0002), in turn the mutated genotype (AA) is associated with a protective effect (OR = 0.26, 0.1248 to 0.5434 and p = 0.0003). On the other hand, the CBR3 rs1056892 polymorphism shows a significant association of risk to ALL, in the presence of the HT genotype (OR = 2.77, IC = 1.3837 to 5.5651 and p = 0.004) and the mutated genotype of this polymorphism has a significant association with protection to ALL in the HM genotype (OR = 0.52, IC = 0.2639 to 1.0304 and p = 0.05). While the inheritance models of the polymorphisms let us see that of the rs1883112 polymorphism of the NCF4 polymorphism; the HT genotype of the codominant model shows a protective effect against ALL (OR = 0.4117, IC = 0.1718 to 0.9866 and p = 0.04), the recessive model shows us and confirms what we already saw in table number 3, being that there is an association with protective effect in the HM genotype (OR = 0.2604, IC = 0.1248 to 0.5434 and p = 0.0003). In the polymorphism rs1056892 of the CBR3 gene, a protection association was found in the heterozygous allele of the codominant model (OR = 0.3448, IC = 0.1375 to 0.8896 and p = 0.0274). In addition, the recessive inheritance model for the HM genotype shows a protective effect to ALL, (OR = 0.52, CI = 0.9919 to 3.8638 and p = 0.05). Conclusion: There is an evident impact of the NCF4 rs1883112 and CBR3 rs1056892 polymorphisms with an increased risk of susceptibility to ALL; Likewise, through the codominant inheritance model, the effect of the variation of the CBR3 rs1056892 gene as a protective factor against ALL was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Lares-Asseff
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Durango, México.,Red Latinoamericana de Implementación y Validación de Guías Clínicas Farmacogenómicas (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier G Blanco
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Verónica Loera Castañeda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Durango, México.,Red Latinoamericana de Implementación y Validación de Guías Clínicas Farmacogenómicas (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leslie Patrón Romero
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | | | | | | | - Horacio Almanza Reyes
- Red Latinoamericana de Implementación y Validación de Guías Clínicas Farmacogenómicas (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina y Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
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40
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Prieto-Bermejo R, Romo-González M, Pérez-Fernández A, García-Tuñón I, Sánchez-Martín M, Hernández-Hernández Á. Cyba-deficient mice display an increase in hematopoietic stem cells and an overproduction of immunoglobulins. Haematologica 2021; 106:142-153. [PMID: 31919083 PMCID: PMC7776239 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.233064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein function by reversible oxidation is increasingly recognized as a key mechanism for the control of cellular signaling, modulating crucial biological processes such as cell differentiation. In this scenario, NADPH oxidases must occupy a prominent position. Our results show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells express three p22phox -dependent NADPH oxidase members (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4). By deleting the p22phox coding gene (Cyba), here we have analyzed the importance of this family of enzymes during in vivo hematopoiesis. Cyba-/- mice show a myeloid bias, and an enrichment of hematopoietic stem cell populations. By means of hematopoietic transplant experiments we have also tried to dissect the specific role of the NADPH oxidases. While the absence of NOX1 or NOX2 provides a higher level of reconstitution, a lack of NOX4 rendered the opposite result, suggesting a functional specificity among the different NADPH oxidases. Cyba-/- cells showed a hampered activation of AKT1 and a sharp decrease in STAT5 protein. This is in line with the diminished response to IL-7 shown by our results, which could explain the overproduction of immunoglobulins observed in Cyba-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prieto-Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Romo-González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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41
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Grauers Wiktorin H, Aydin E, Hellstrand K, Martner A. NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:7095902. [PMID: 33312338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7095902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the myeloid cell NADPH oxidase NOX2 is critical for the destruction of engulfed microorganisms. However, recent studies imply that ROS, formed by NOX2+ myeloid cells in the malignant microenvironment, exert multiple actions of relevance to the growth and spread of neoplastic cells. By generating ROS, tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and NOX2+ leukemic myeloid cells may thus (i) compromise the function and viability of adjacent cytotoxic lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, (ii) oxidize DNA to trigger cancer-promoting somatic mutations, and (iii) affect the redox balance in cancer cells to control their proliferation and survival. Here, we discuss the impact of NOX2-derived ROS for tumorigenesis, tumor progression, regulation of antitumor immunity, and metastasis. We propose that NOX2 may be a targetable immune checkpoint in cancer.
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42
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Nair R, Salinas-Illarena A, Baldauf HM. New strategies to treat AML: novel insights into AML survival pathways and combination therapies. Leukemia 2020; 35:299-311. [PMID: 33122849 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effective treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is very challenging. Due to the immense heterogeneity of this disease, treating it using a "one size fits all" approach is ineffective and only benefits a subset of patients. Instead, there is a shift towards more personalized treatment based on the patients' genomic signature. This shift has facilitated the increased revelation of novel insights into pathways that lead to the survival and propagation of AML cells. These AML survival pathways are involved in drug resistance, evasion of the immune system, reprogramming metabolism, and impairing differentiation. In addition, based on the reports of enhanced clinical efficiencies when combining drugs or treatments, deeper investigation into possible pathways, which can be targeted together to increase treatment response in a wider group of patients, is warranted. In this review, not only is a comprehensive summary of targets involved in these pathways provided, but also insights into the potential of targeting these molecules in combination therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Nair
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandro Salinas-Illarena
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
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43
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Göllner M, Ihrig-Biedert I, Petermann V, Saurin S, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Kuntic M, Pautz A, Daiber A, Kleinert H. NOX2ko Mice Show Largely Increased Expression of a Mutated NOX2 mRNA Encoding an Inactive NOX2 Protein. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111043. [PMID: 33114493 PMCID: PMC7692237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2 or gp91phox, the phagocytic isoform) was reported as a major source of oxidative stress in various human diseases. Genetic deletion is widely used to study the impact of NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) on disease development and progression in various animal models. Here, we investigate why NOX2 knockout mice show no NOX2 activity but express NOX2 mRNA and protein. Methods and Results: Oxidative burst (NOX2-dependent formation of ROS) was measured by L-012-based chemiluminescence and was largely absent in whole blood of NOX2 knockout mice. Protein expression was still detectable in different tissues of the NOX2 knockout mice, at the expected and a slightly lower molecular weight (determined by Western blot). The NOX2 gene was even largely enhanced at its expressional level in NOX2 knockout mice. RNA sequencing revealed a modified NOX2 mRNA in the knockout mice that is obviously translated to a truncated inactive mutant enzyme. Conclusion: Although the commercial NOX2 knockout mice display no considerable enzymatic NOX2 activity, expression of the NOX2 gene (when using standard primers) and protein (when using antibodies binding to the carboxy-terminal end) can still be detected, which may lead to confusion among investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Göllner
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.G.); (I.I.-B.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Irmgard Ihrig-Biedert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.G.); (I.I.-B.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Victoria Petermann
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.G.); (I.I.-B.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Sabrina Saurin
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.G.); (I.I.-B.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (K.V.-M.); (M.K.)
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (K.V.-M.); (M.K.)
| | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (K.V.-M.); (M.K.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (K.V.-M.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.G.); (I.I.-B.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (K.V.-M.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (H.K.); Tel.: +49-(6131)-17-6280 (A.D.); +49-(6131)-17-9150 (H.K.)
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.G.); (I.I.-B.); (V.P.); (S.S.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (H.K.); Tel.: +49-(6131)-17-6280 (A.D.); +49-(6131)-17-9150 (H.K.)
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44
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Ye H, Minhajuddin M, Krug A, Pei S, Chou CH, Culp-Hill R, Ponder J, De Bloois E, Schniedewind B, Amaya ML, Inguva A, Stevens BM, Pollyea DA, Christians U, Grimes HL, D'Alessandro A, Jordan CT. The Hepatic Microenvironment Uniquely Protects Leukemia Cells through Induction of Growth and Survival Pathways Mediated by LIPG. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:500-519. [PMID: 33028621 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the disseminated nature of leukemia, malignant cells are exposed to many different tissue microenvironments, including a variety of extramedullary sites. In the present study, we demonstrate that leukemic cells residing in the liver display unique biological properties and also contribute to systemic changes that influence physiologic responses to chemotherapy. Specifically, the liver microenvironment induces metabolic adaptations via upregulating expression of endothelial lipase in leukemia cells, which not only stimulates tumor cell proliferation through polyunsaturated fatty acid-mediated pathways, but also promotes survival by stabilizing antiapoptotic proteins. Additionally, hepatic infiltration and tissue damage caused by malignant cells induces release of liver-derived enzymes capable of degrading chemotherapy drugs, an event that further protects leukemia cells from conventional therapies. Together, these studies demonstrate a unique role for liver in modulating the pathogenesis of leukemic disease and suggest that the hepatic microenvironment may protect leukemia cells from chemotherapeutic challenge. SIGNIFICANCE: The studies presented herein demonstrate that the liver provides a microenvironment in which leukemia cells acquire unique metabolic properties. The adaptations that occur in the liver confer increased resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, we propose that therapies designed to overcome liver-specific metabolic changes will yield improved outcomes for patients with leukemia.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Ye
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Mohammad Minhajuddin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna Krug
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chih-Hsing Chou
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jessica Ponder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erik De Bloois
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Björn Schniedewind
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Maria L Amaya
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anagha Inguva
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brett M Stevens
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel A Pollyea
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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45
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Mason CC, Fiol CR, Baker MJ, Nadal-Melsio E, Yebra-Fernandez E, Bicalho L, Chowdhury A, Albert M, Reid AG, Claudiani S, Apperley JF, Khorashad JS. Identification of genetic targets in acute myeloid leukaemia for designing targeted therapy. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:137-145. [PMID: 33022753 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Few effective therapies exist for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), in part due to the molecular heterogeneity of this disease. We sought to identify genes crucial to deregulated AML signal transduction pathways which, if inhibited, could effectively eradicate leukaemia stem cells. Due to difficulties in screening primary cells, most previous studies have performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) library knockdown screens in cell lines. Using carefully considered methods including evaluation at multiple timepoints to ensure equitable gene knockdown, we employed a large NGS short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown screen of nearly 5 000 genes in primary AML cells from six patients to identify genes that are crucial for leukaemic survival. Across various levels of stringency, genome-wide bioinformatic analysis identified a gene in the NOX family, NOX1, to have the most consistent knockdown effectiveness in primary cells (P = 5∙39 × 10-5 , Bonferroni-adjusted), impacting leukaemia cell survival as the top-ranked gene for two of the six AML patients and also showing high effectiveness in three of the other four patients. Further investigation of this pathway highlighted NOX2 as the member of the NOX family with clear knockdown efficacy. We conclude that genes in the NOX family are enticing candidates for therapeutic development in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton C Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Monika J Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elisabet Nadal-Melsio
- SIHMDS North West London Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eva Yebra-Fernandez
- SIHMDS North West London Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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46
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Lima K, Lopes LR, Machado-Neto JA. Exploring redox vulnerabilities in JAK2 V617F-positive cellular models. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 43:430-436. [PMID: 32962959 PMCID: PMC8573030 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) models, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated and have been implicated in genomic instability, JAK2/STAT signaling amplification, and disease progression. Although the potential effects of ROS on the MPN phenotype, the effects of ruxolitinib treatment on ROS regulation have been poorly explored. Herein, we have reported the impact of ruxolitinib on redox signaling transcriptional network, and the effects of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a pan NOX inhibitor, in JAK2V617F-driven cellular models. Method Redox signaling-related genes were investigated in SET2 cells upon ruxolitinib treatment by RNA-seq (GEO accession GSE69827). SET2 and HEL cells, which represent JAK2V617F-positive MPN cellular models with distinct sensitivity to apoptosis induced by ruxolitinib, were used. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT, apoptosis by annexin V/PI and flow cytometry, and cell signaling by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Main results Ruxolitinib impacted on a network composed of redox signaling-related genes, and DUOX1 and DUOX2 were identified as potential modulators of ruxolitinib response. In SET2 and HEL cells, DPI reduced cell viability and, at low doses, it significantly potentiated ruxolitinib-induced apoptosis. In the molecular scenario, DPI inhibited STAT3, STAT5 and S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation and induced PARP1 cleavage in JAK2V617F-positive cells. DPI combined with ruxolitinib increased PARP1 cleavage in SET2 cells and potentiated ruxolitinib-reduced STAT3, STAT5 and S6 ribosomal protein in HEL cells. Conclusion Our study reveals a potential adaptation mechanism for resistance against ruxolitinib by transcriptionally reprogramming redox signaling in JAK2V617F cells and exposes redox vulnerabilities with therapeutic value in MPN cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Lima
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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47
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Yusuf RZ, Saez B, Sharda A, van Gastel N, Yu VWC, Baryawno N, Scadden EW, Acharya S, Chattophadhyay S, Huang C, Viswanathan V, S'aulis D, Cobert J, Sykes DB, Keibler MA, Das S, Hutchinson JN, Churchill M, Mukherjee S, Lee D, Mercier F, Doench J, Bullinger L, Logan DJ, Schreiber S, Stephanopoulos G, Rizzo WB, Scadden DT. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a2 protects AML cells from oxidative death and the synthetic lethality of ferroptosis inducers. Blood 2020; 136:1303-1316. [PMID: 32458004 PMCID: PMC7483435 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in cancer represent convergent effects of oncogenic mutations. We hypothesized that a metabolism-restricted genetic screen, comparing normal primary mouse hematopoietic cells and their malignant counterparts in an ex vivo system mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment, would define distinctive vulnerabilities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemic cells, but not their normal myeloid counterparts, depended on the aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a2 (Aldh3a2) enzyme that oxidizes long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to prevent cellular oxidative damage. Aldehydes are by-products of increased oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide synthesis in cancer and are generated from lipid peroxides underlying the non-caspase-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis. Leukemic cell dependence on Aldh3a2 was seen across multiple mouse and human myeloid leukemias. Aldh3a2 inhibition was synthetically lethal with glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) inhibition; GPX4 inhibition is a known trigger of ferroptosis that by itself minimally affects AML cells. Inhibiting Aldh3a2 provides a therapeutic opportunity and a unique synthetic lethality to exploit the distinctive metabolic state of malignant cells.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/physiology
- Aldehydes/pharmacology
- Animals
- Carbolines/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclohexylamines/pharmacology
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Hematopoiesis/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oleic Acid/pharmacology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress
- Phenylenediamines/pharmacology
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushdia Zareen Yusuf
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Borja Saez
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Azeem Sharda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Vionnie W C Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elizabeth W Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sanket Acharya
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Cherrie Huang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Vasanthi Viswanathan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dana S'aulis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Julien Cobert
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - John N Hutchinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - Michael Churchill
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francois Mercier
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Logan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stuart Schreiber
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - William B Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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48
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Abstract
Significance: The primary function of NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5 and dual oxidases DUOX1/2) is to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). If inadequately regulated, NOX-associated ROS can promote oxidative stress, aberrant signaling, and genomic instability. Correspondingly, NOX isoforms are known to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies, thus constituting potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Recent Advances: Multiple genetic studies aimed at suppressing the expression of NOX proteins in cellular and animal models of cancer have provided support for the notion that NOXs play a pro-tumorigenic role. Further, large drug screens and rational design efforts have yielded inhibitor compounds, such as the diphenylene iodonium (DPI) analog series developed by our group, with increased selectivity and potency over "first generation" NOX inhibitors such as apocynin and DPI. Critical Issues: The precise role of NOX enzymes in tumor biology remains poorly defined. The tumorigenic properties of NOXs vary with cancer type, and precise tools, such as selective inhibitors, are needed to deconvolute NOX contribution to cancer development. Most NOX inhibitors developed to date are unspecific, and/or their mechanistic and pharmacological characteristics are not well defined. A lack of high-resolution crystal structures for NOX functional domains has hindered the development of potent and selective inhibitors. Future Directions: In-depth studies of NOX interactions with the tumor microenvironment (e.g., cytokines, cell-surface antigens) will help identify new approaches for NOX inhibition in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Konaté
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Smitha Antony
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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49
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El Dor M, Dakik H, Polomski M, Haudebourg E, Brachet M, Gouilleux F, Prié G, Zibara K, Mazurier F. VAS3947 Induces UPR-Mediated Apoptosis through Cysteine Thiol Alkylation in AML Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155470. [PMID: 32751795 PMCID: PMC7432790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) involvement has been established in the oncogenic cell signaling of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and in the crosstalk with their niche. We have shown an expression of NOX subunits in AML cell lines while NOX activity is lacking in the absence of exogenous stimulation. Here, we used AML cell lines as models to investigate the specificity of VAS3947, a current NOX inhibitor. Results demonstrated that VAS3947 induces apoptosis in AML cells independently of its anti-NOX activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that VAS3947 thiol alkylates cysteine residues of glutathione (GSH), while also interacting with proteins. Remarkably, VAS3947 decreased detectable GSH in the MV-4-11 cell line, thereby suggesting possible oxidative stress induction. However, a decrease in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was observed by flow cytometry without disturbance of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential. Thus, assuming the consequences of VAS3947 treatment on protein structure, we examined its impact on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. An acute unfolded protein response (UPR) was triggered shortly after VAS3947 exposure, through the activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathways. Overall, VAS3947 induces apoptosis independently of anti-NOX activity, via UPR activation, mainly due to aggregation and misfolding of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya El Dor
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, BP3223, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (M.E.D.); (H.D.); (M.B.); (F.G.)
- PRASE, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Hassan Dakik
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, BP3223, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (M.E.D.); (H.D.); (M.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Marion Polomski
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, IMT, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (M.P.); (E.H.); (G.P.)
| | - Eloi Haudebourg
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, IMT, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (M.P.); (E.H.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie Brachet
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, BP3223, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (M.E.D.); (H.D.); (M.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, BP3223, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (M.E.D.); (H.D.); (M.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, IMT, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (M.P.); (E.H.); (G.P.)
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Beirut, Lebanon;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Mazurier
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Bâtiment Dutrochet, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, BP3223, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (M.E.D.); (H.D.); (M.B.); (F.G.)
- EA 7501 GICC, University of Tours, IMT, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (M.P.); (E.H.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-36-60-75
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50
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Trevelin SC, Shah AM, Lombardi G. Beyond bacterial killing: NADPH oxidase 2 is an immunomodulator. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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