1
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Hillion S, Miranda A, Le Dantec C, Boudigou M, Le Pottier L, Cornec D, Torres RM, Pelanda R. Maf expression in B cells restricts reactive plasmablast and germinal center B cell expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7982. [PMID: 39266537 PMCID: PMC11393457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of B cell differentiation is essential for an effective adaptive immune response. Here, we show that B cell development in mice with B cell-specific Maf deletion is unaffected, but marginal zone B cells, germinal centre B cells, and plasmablasts are significantly more frequent in the spleen of naive Maf-deficient mice compared to wild type controls. In the context of a T cell-dependent immunization, Maf deletion causes increased proliferation of germinal centre B cells and extrafollicular plasmablasts. This is accompanied by higher production of antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies with minimal modification of early memory B cells, but a reduction in plasma cell numbers. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows upregulation of genes associated with DNA replication and cell cycle progression, confirming the role of Maf in cell proliferation. Subsequent pathway analysis reveals that Maf influences cellular metabolism, transporter activity, and mitochondrial proteins, which have been implicated in controlling the germinal centre reaction. In summary, our findings demonstrate that Maf acts intrinsically in B cells as a negative regulator of late B cell differentiation, plasmablast proliferation and germinal centre B cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hillion
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU de Brest, Brest, France.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Anjelica Miranda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Raul M Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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2
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Wallace RP, Refvik KC, Antane JT, Brünggel K, Tremain AC, Raczy MR, Alpar AT, Nguyen M, Solanki A, Slezak AJ, Watkins EA, Lauterbach AL, Cao S, Wilson DS, Hubbell JA. Synthetically mannosylated antigens induce antigen-specific humoral tolerance and reduce anti-drug antibody responses to immunogenic biologics. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101345. [PMID: 38128533 PMCID: PMC10829756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic biologics trigger an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response in patients that reduces efficacy and increases adverse reactions. Our laboratory has shown that targeting protein antigen to the liver microenvironment can reduce antigen-specific T cell responses; herein, we present a strategy to increase delivery of otherwise immunogenic biologics to the liver via conjugation to a synthetic mannose polymer, p(Man). This delivery leads to reduced antigen-specific T follicular helper cell and B cell responses resulting in diminished ADA production, which is maintained throughout subsequent administrations of the native biologic. We find that p(Man)-antigen treatment impairs the ADA response against recombinant uricase, a highly immunogenic biologic, without a dependence on hapten immunodominance or control by T regulatory cells. We identify increased T cell receptor signaling and increased apoptosis and exhaustion in T cells as effects of p(Man)-antigen treatment via transcriptomic analyses. This modular platform may enhance tolerance to biologics, enabling long-term solutions for an ever-increasing healthcare problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Wallace
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kirsten C Refvik
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer T Antane
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kym Brünggel
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew C Tremain
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michal R Raczy
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron T Alpar
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ani Solanki
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anna J Slezak
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elyse A Watkins
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abigail L Lauterbach
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D Scott Wilson
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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3
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Brookens SK, Cho SH, Paik Y, Meyer K, Raybuck AL, Park C, Greenwood DL, Rathmell JC, Boothby MR. Plasma Cell Differentiation, Antibody Quality, and Initial Germinal Center B Cell Population Depend on Glucose Influx Rate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:43-56. [PMID: 37955416 PMCID: PMC10841396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Serum Ab concentrations, selection for higher affinity BCRs, and generation of higher Ab affinities are important elements of immune response optimization and functions of germinal center (GC) reactions. B cell proliferation requires nutrients to support the anabolism inherent in clonal expansion. Glucose usage by mouse GC B cells has been reported to contribute little to their energy needs, with questions raised as to whether glucose uptake or glycolysis increases in GC B cells compared with their naive precursors. Indeed, metabolism can be highly flexible, such that supply shortage along one pathway may be compensated by increased flux on others. We now show that reduction of the glucose transporter GLUT1 in mice after establishment of a preimmune B cell repertoire, even after initiation of the GC B cell gene expression program, decreased initial GC B cell population numbers, affinity maturation, and plasma cell outputs. Glucose oxidation was heightened in GC B cells, but this hexose flowed more into the pentose phosphate pathway, whose activity was important in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ab-secreting cell production. In modeling how glucose usage by B cells promotes the Ab response, the control of ROS appeared insufficient. Surprisingly, the combination of galactose, which mitigated ROS, with provision of mannose, an efficient precursor to glycosylation, supported robust production of and normal Ab secretion by Ab-secreting cells under glucose-free conditions. Collectively, the findings indicate that GCs depend on normal glucose influx, especially in plasma cell production, but reveal an unexpected metabolic flexibility in hexose requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna K. Brookens
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, & Immunology
| | - Yeeun Paik
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kaylor Meyer
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ariel L. Raybuck
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Chloe Park
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dalton L. Greenwood
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, & Immunology
| | - Mark R. Boothby
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, & Immunology
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4
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Quintana JF, Sinton MC, Chandrasegaran P, Kumar Dubey L, Ogunsola J, Al Samman M, Haley M, McConnell G, Kuispond Swar NR, Ngoyi DM, Bending D, de Lecea L, MacLeod A, Mabbott NA. The murine meninges acquire lymphoid tissue properties and harbour autoreactive B cells during chronic Trypanosoma brucei infection. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002389. [PMID: 37983289 PMCID: PMC10723712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The meningeal space is a critical brain structure providing immunosurveillance for the central nervous system (CNS), but the impact of infections on the meningeal immune landscape is far from being fully understood. The extracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness, accumulates in the meningeal spaces, ultimately inducing severe meningitis and resulting in death if left untreated. Thus, sleeping sickness represents an attractive model to study immunological dynamics in the meninges during infection. Here, by combining single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) with in vivo interventions, we found that chronic T. brucei infection triggers the development of ectopic lymphoid aggregates (ELAs) in the murine meninges. These infection-induced ELAs were defined by the presence of ER-TR7+ fibroblastic reticular cells, CD21/35+ follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), CXCR5+ PD1+ T follicular helper-like phenotype, GL7+ CD95+ GC-like B cells, and plasmablasts/plasma cells. Furthermore, the B cells found in the infected meninges produced high-affinity autoantibodies able to recognise mouse brain antigens, in a process dependent on LTβ signalling. A mid-throughput screening identified several host factors recognised by these autoantibodies, including myelin basic protein (MBP), coinciding with cortical demyelination and brain pathology. In humans, we identified the presence of autoreactive IgG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of second stage HAT patients that recognised human brain lysates and MBP, consistent with our findings in experimental infections. Lastly, we found that the pathological B cell responses we observed in the meninges required the presence of T. brucei in the CNS, as suramin treatment before the onset of the CNS stage prevented the accumulation of GL7+ CD95+ GC-like B cells and brain-specific autoantibody deposition. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the meningeal immune response during chronic T. brucei infection results in the acquisition of lymphoid tissue-like properties, broadening our understanding of meningeal immunity in the context of chronic infections. These findings have wider implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation ELAs during chronic inflammation resulting in autoimmunity in mice and humans, as observed in other autoimmune neurodegenerative disorders, including neuropsychiatric lupus and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Quintana
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C. Sinton
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Praveena Chandrasegaran
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow United Kingdom
| | | | - John Ogunsola
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Moumen Al Samman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Michael Haley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gail McConnell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nono-Raymond Kuispond Swar
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Annette MacLeod
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Wallace RP, Refvik KC, Antane JT, Brünggel K, Tremain AC, Raczy MR, Alpar AT, Nguyen M, Solanki A, Slezak AJ, Watkins EA, Lauterbach AL, Cao S, Wilson DS, Hubbell JA. Synthetically mannosylated antigens induce antigen-specific humoral tolerance and reduce anti-drug antibody responses to immunogenic biologics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.534593. [PMID: 37066302 PMCID: PMC10104138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.534593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic biologics trigger an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response in patients, which reduces efficacy and increases adverse reactions. Our laboratory has previously shown that targeting protein antigen to the liver microenvironment can reduce antigen-specific T cell responses; herein, we present a strategy to increase delivery of otherwise immunogenic biologics to the liver via conjugation to a synthetic mannose polymer (p(Man)). This delivery leads to reduced antigen-specific T follicular helper cell and B cell responses resulting in diminished ADA production, which is maintained throughout subsequent administrations of the native biologic. We found that p(Man)-antigen treatment impairs the ADA response against recombinant uricase, a highly immunogenic biologic, without a dependence on hapten immunodominance or control by Tregs. We identify increased TCR signaling and increased apoptosis and exhaustion in T cells as effects of p(Man)-antigen treatment via transcriptomic analyses. This modular platform may enhance tolerance to biologics, enabling long-term solutions for an ever-increasing healthcare problem.
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6
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Brookens SK, Cho SH, Paik Y, Meyer K, Raybuck AL, Park C, Greenwood DL, Rathmell JC, Boothby MR. Plasma cell differentiation, antibody quality, and initial germinal center B cell population depend on glucose influx rate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557599. [PMID: 37745429 PMCID: PMC10515901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibody secretion into sera, selection for higher affinity BCR, and the generation of higher Ab affinities are important elements of immune response optimization, and a core function of germinal center reactions. B cell proliferation requires nutrients to support the anabolism inherent in clonal expansion. Glucose usage by GC B cells has been reported to contribute little to their energy needs, with questions raised as to whether or not glucose uptake or glycolysis increases in GC B cells compared to their naïve precursors. Indeed, metabolism can be highly flexible, such that supply shortage along one pathway may be compensated by increased flux on others. We now show that elimination of the glucose transporter GLUT1 after establishment of a pre-immune B cell repertoire, even after initiation of the GC B cell gene expression program, decreased initial GC B cell population numbers, affinity maturation, and PC outputs. Glucose oxidation was heightened in GC B cells, but this hexose flowed more into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), whose activity was important in controlling reactive oxygen (ROS) and ASC production. In modeling how glucose usage by B cells promotes the Ab response, the control of ROS appeared insufficient. Surprisingly, the combination of galactose, which mitigated ROS, with provision of mannose - an efficient precursor to glycosylation - supported robust production of and normal Ab secretion by ASC under glucose-free conditions. Collectively, the findings indicate that GC depend on normal glucose influx, especially in PC production, but reveal an unexpected metabolic flexibility in hexose requirements. KEY POINTS Glucose influx is critical for GC homeostasis, affinity maturation and the generation of Ab-secreting cells.Plasma cell development uses the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and hexose sugars maintain redox homeostasis.PCs can develop and achieve robust Ab secretion in the absence of glucose using a combination of hexose alternatives.
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7
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Li J, Wu C, Hu H, Qin G, Wu X, Bai F, Zhang J, Cai Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Yang J, Luan Y, Jiang Z, Ling J, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xie Z, Deng Y. Remodeling of the immune and stromal cell compartment by PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 2023:S1535-6108(23)00137-X. [PMID: 37172580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy can induce complete responses in mismatch repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (d-MMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, the underlying mechanism for pathological complete response (pCR) to immunotherapy has not been completely understood. We utilize single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the dynamics of immune and stromal cells in 19 patients with d-MMR/MSI-H CRC who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade. We found that in tumors with pCR, there is a concerted decrease in CD8+ Trm-mitotic, CD4+ Tregs, proinflammatory IL1B+ Mono and CCL2+ Fibroblast following treatment, while the proportions of CD8+ Tem, CD4+ Th, CD20+ B, and HLA-DRA+ Endothelial cells increase. Proinflammatory features in the tumor microenvironment mediate the persistence of residual tumors by modulating CD8+ T cells and other response-associated immune cell populations. Our study provides valuable resources and biological insights into the mechanism of successful ICI therapy and potential targets for improving treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Huabin Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ge Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xueqian Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Yizhao Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Zehang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Jiayu Ling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yaoxu Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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8
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Bending D, Zikherman J. Nr4a nuclear receptors: markers and modulators of antigen receptor signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102285. [PMID: 36764055 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nr4a1-3 encode a small family of orphan nuclear hormone receptors with transcriptional activity. Their expression reflects both acute and chronic antigen-receptor signaling in T and B-cells, and they have been implicated in critical aspects of lymphocyte development, tolerance, and function. These include roles in regulatory T-cell (Treg), thymic-negative selection, humoral responses, anergy, and exhaustion. Here, we review recent advances in this field such as functional roles in B-cells, transcriptional targets, and mechanism of action. We highlight recurrent themes, including integration of antigen-receptor signaling with costimulatory input, as well as unanswered questions and translational applications of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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9
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Grossman Z, Meyerhans A, Bocharov G. An integrative systems biology view of host-pathogen interactions: The regulation of immunity and homeostasis is concomitant, flexible, and smart. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1061290. [PMID: 36761169 PMCID: PMC9904014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic bio-organization of humans and other mammals is essentially "preprogrammed", and the basic interacting units, the cells, can be crudely mapped into discrete sets of developmental lineages and maturation states. Over several decades, however, and focusing on the immune system, we and others invoked evidence - now overwhelming - suggesting dynamic acquisition of cellular properties and functions, through tuning, re-networking, chromatin remodeling, and adaptive differentiation. The genetically encoded "algorithms" that govern the integration of signals and the computation of new states are not fully understood but are believed to be "smart", designed to enable the cells and the system to discriminate meaningful perturbations from each other and from "noise". Cellular sensory and response properties are shaped in part by recurring temporal patterns, or features, of the signaling environment. We compared this phenomenon to associative brain learning. We proposed that interactive cell learning is subject to selective pressures geared to performance, allowing the response of immune cells to injury or infection to be progressively coordinated with that of other cell types across tissues and organs. This in turn is comparable to supervised brain learning. Guided by feedback from both the tissue itself and the neural system, resident or recruited antigen-specific and innate immune cells can eradicate a pathogen while simultaneously sustaining functional homeostasis. As informative memories of immune responses are imprinted both systemically and within the targeted tissues, it is desirable to enhance tissue preparedness by incorporating attenuated-pathogen vaccines and informed choice of tissue-centered immunomodulators in vaccination schemes. Fortunately, much of the "training" that a living system requires to survive and function in the face of disturbances from outside or within is already incorporated into its design, so it does not need to deep-learn how to face a new challenge each time from scratch. Instead, the system learns from experience how to efficiently select a built-in strategy, or a combination of those, and can then use tuning to refine its organization and responses. Efforts to identify and therapeutically augment such strategies can take advantage of existing integrative modeling approaches. One recently explored strategy is boosting the flux of uninfected cells into and throughout an infected tissue to rinse and replace the infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Grossman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Computer Science and Mathematical Modeling, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Mountz JD, Gao M, Ponder DM, Liu S, Sun CW, Alduraibi F, Sullivan K, Pat B, Dell'Italia LJ, Hsu HC. IL-4 receptor blockade is a global repressor of naïve B cell development and responses in a dupilumab-treated patient. Clin Immunol 2022; 244:109130. [PMID: 36189576 PMCID: PMC9741950 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a case of atopic dermatitis (AD) in a patient who received biweekly doses of dupilumab, an antibody against the IL-4 receptor α chain (IL-4Rα). Single cell RNA-sequencing showed that naïve B cells expressed the highest levels of IL4R compared to other B cell subpopulations. Compared to controls, the dupilumab-treated patient exhibited diminished percentages of IL4R+IGHD+ naïve B cells and down-regulation of IL4R, FCER2 (CD23), and IGHD. Dupilumab treatment resulted in upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis and inhibition of B cell receptor signaling and down-regulation of class-switch and memory B cell development genes. The dupilumab-treated patient exhibited a rapid decline in COVID-19 anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies between 4 and 8 and 11 months post COVID-19 vaccination. Our data suggest that intact and persistent IL-4 signaling is necessary for maintaining robust survival and development of naïve B cells, and maintaining a long term vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Mountz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Min Gao
- Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - David M Ponder
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Fatima Alduraibi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Kathryn Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Betty Pat
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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11
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Hiwa R, Brooks JF, Mueller JL, Nielsen HV, Zikherman J. NR4A nuclear receptors in T and B lymphocytes: Gatekeepers of immune tolerance . Immunol Rev 2022; 307:116-133. [PMID: 35174510 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Random VDJ recombination early in T and B cell development enables the adaptive immune system to recognize a vast array of evolving pathogens via antigen receptors. However, the potential of such randomly generated TCRs and BCRs to recognize and respond to self-antigens requires layers of tolerance mechanisms to mitigate the risk of life-threatening autoimmunity. Since they were originally cloned more than three decades ago, the NR4A family of nuclear hormone receptors have been implicated in many critical aspects of immune tolerance, including negative selection of thymocytes, peripheral T cell tolerance, regulatory T cells (Treg), and most recently in peripheral B cell tolerance. In this review, we discuss important insights from many laboratories as well as our own group into the function and mechanisms by which this small class of primary response genes promotes self-tolerance and immune homeostasis to balance the need for host defense against the inherent risks posed by the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hiwa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hailyn V Nielsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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