1
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Ding Y, Liu Q. Targeting the nucleic acid oxidative damage repair enzyme MTH1: a promising therapeutic option. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1334417. [PMID: 38357002 PMCID: PMC10864502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1334417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Elevated ROS levels cause oxidative stress, resulting in detrimental effects on organisms and enabling tumors to develop adaptive responses. Targeting these enhanced oxidative stress protection mechanisms could offer therapeutic benefits with high specificity, as normal cells exhibit lower dependency on these pathways. MTH1 (mutT homolog 1), a homolog of Escherichia coli's MutT, is crucial in this context. It sanitizes the nucleotide pool, preventing incorporation of oxidized nucleotides, thus safeguarding DNA integrity. This study explores MTH1's potential as a therapeutic target, particularly in cancer treatment, providing insights into its structure, function, and role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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2
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Cannell IG, Sawicka K, Pearsall I, Wild SA, Deighton L, Pearsall SM, Lerda G, Joud F, Khan S, Bruna A, Simpson KL, Mulvey CM, Nugent F, Qosaj F, Bressan D, Dive C, Caldas C, Hannon GJ. FOXC2 promotes vasculogenic mimicry and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112791. [PMID: 37499655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes the formation of pseudo blood vessels constructed of tumor cells that have acquired endothelial-like properties. VM channels endow the tumor with a tumor-derived vascular system that directly connects to host blood vessels, and their presence is generally associated with poor patient prognosis. Here we show that the transcription factor, Foxc2, promotes VM in diverse solid tumor types by driving ectopic expression of endothelial genes in tumor cells, a process that is stimulated by hypoxia. VM-proficient tumors are resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy, and suppression of Foxc2 augments response. This work establishes co-option of an embryonic endothelial transcription factor by tumor cells as a key mechanism driving VM proclivity and motivates the search for VM-inhibitory agents that could form the basis of combination therapies with anti-angiogenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Cannell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA.
| | - Kirsty Sawicka
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Isabella Pearsall
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Sophia A Wild
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lauren Deighton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah M Pearsall
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Giulia Lerda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Fadwa Joud
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Showkhin Khan
- New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Preclinical Modelling of Paediatric Cancer Evolution Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5N, UK
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Claire M Mulvey
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Fiona Nugent
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Fatime Qosaj
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Dario Bressan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Department of Oncology and Breast Cancer Programme, CRUK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; New York Genome Center, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA.
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3
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Patterson JC, Varkaris A, Croucher PJP, Ridinger M, Dalrymple S, Nouri M, Xie F, Varmeh S, Jonas O, Whitman MA, Chen S, Rashed S, Makusha L, Luo J, Isaacs JT, Erlander MG, Einstein DJ, Balk SP, Yaffe MB. Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling. Cancer Res 2023; 83:219-238. [PMID: 36413141 PMCID: PMC9852064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone is a standard treatment for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that slows disease progression by abrogating androgen synthesis and antagonizing the androgen receptor (AR). Here we report that inhibitors of the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1), including the clinically active third-generation Plk1 inhibitor onvansertib, synergizes with abiraterone in vitro and in vivo to kill a subset of cancer cells from a wide variety of tumor types in an androgen-independent manner. Gene-expression analysis identified an AR-independent synergy-specific gene set signature upregulated upon abiraterone treatment that is dominated by pathways related to mitosis and the mitotic spindle. Abiraterone treatment alone caused defects in mitotic spindle orientation, failure of complete chromosome condensation, and improper cell division independently of its effects on AR signaling. These effects, although mild following abiraterone monotherapy, resulted in profound sensitization to the antimitotic effects of Plk1 inhibition, leading to spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic cancer cell death and entosis. In a murine patient-derived xenograft model of abiraterone-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), combined onvansertib and abiraterone resulted in enhanced mitotic arrest and dramatic inhibition of tumor cell growth compared with either agent alone. Overall, this work establishes a mechanistic basis for the phase II clinical trial (NCT03414034) testing combined onvansertib and abiraterone in mCRPC patients and indicates this combination may have broad utility for cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Abiraterone treatment induces mitotic defects that sensitize cancer cells to Plk1 inhibition, revealing an AR-independent mechanism for this synergistic combination that is applicable to a variety of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. Patterson
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Dalrymple
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mannan Nouri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A. Whitman
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sen Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saleh Rashed
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lovemore Makusha
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John T. Isaacs
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - David J. Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Helleday T. Mitotic MTH1 Inhibitors in Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:223-237. [PMID: 37978139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) protein MTH1 is sanitising the oxidized dNTP pool and preventing incorporation of oxidative damage into DNA and has an emerging role in mitosis. It is a stress-induced protein and often found to be overexpressed in cancer. Mitotic MTH1 inhibitors arrest cells in mitosis and result in incorporation of oxidative damage into DNA and selective killing of cancer cells. Here, I discuss the leading mitotic MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (OXC-101, karonudib), now being evaluated in clinical trials, and describe its dual effect on mitosis and incorporation of oxidative DNA damage in cancer cells. I describe why MTH1 inhibitors that solely inhibits the enzyme activity fail to kill cancer cells and discuss if MTH1 is a valid target for cancer treatment. I discuss emerging roles of MTH1 in regulating tubulin polymerisation and mitosis and the necessity of developing the basic science insights along with translational efforts. I also give a perspective on how edgetic perturbation is making target validation difficult in the DDR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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5
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Disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis coupled with mitotic arrest generates antineoplastic oxidative stress. Oncogene 2022; 41:427-443. [PMID: 34773075 PMCID: PMC8755538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as critical signals in various cellular processes. Excessive ROS cause cell death or senescence and mediates the therapeutic effect of many cancer drugs. Recent studies showed that ROS increasingly accumulate during G2/M arrest, the underlying mechanism, however, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that in cancer cells treated with anticancer agent TH287 or paclitaxel that causes M arrest, mitochondria accumulate robustly and produce excessive mitochondrial superoxide, which causes oxidative DNA damage and undermines cell survival and proliferation. While mitochondrial mass is greatly increased in cells arrested at M phase, the mitochondrial function is compromised, as reflected by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased SUMOylation and acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, as well as an increased metabolic reliance on glycolysis. CHK1 functional disruption decelerates cell cycle, spares the M arrest and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Induction of mitophagy and blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis, measures that reduce mitochondrial accumulation, also decelerate cell cycle and abrogate M arrest-coupled mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results suggest that cell cycle progression and mitochondrial homeostasis are interdependent and coordinated, and that impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis and the associated redox signaling may mediate the antineoplastic effect of the M arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics. Our findings provide insights into the fate of cells arrested at M phase and have implications in cancer therapy.
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6
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Rajendraprasad G, Eibes S, Boldú CG, Barisic M. TH588 and Low-Dose Nocodazole Impair Chromosome Congression by Suppressing Microtubule Turnover within the Mitotic Spindle. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235995. [PMID: 34885104 PMCID: PMC8657032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A promising anti-cancer compound TH588 has been recently identified as a microtubule-targeting agent that inhibits tubulin polymerization in vitro and interferes with microtubule dynamics in interphase cells. Although it was shown to arrest cells in mitosis, its effect on microtubule dynamics in dividing cells remained unknown. By analyzing microtubule dynamics in living cells treated with either TH588 or low-dose nocodazole, we revealed that both of these drugs stabilize microtubules within the mitotic spindle, leading to premature formation of kinetochore-microtubule end-on attachments on uncongressed chromosomes. This causes mitotic arrest, ultimately resulting in cell death or cell division with uncongressed chromosomes. Both of these cell fates could contribute to the selective effect associated with the activity of TH588 in cancer cells. Abstract Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) have been used for decades to treat different hematologic and solid cancers. The mode of action of these drugs mainly relies on their ability to bind tubulin subunits and/or microtubules and interfere with microtubule dynamics. In addition to its MTH1-inhibiting activity, TH588 has been recently identified as an MTA, whose anticancer properties were shown to largely depend on its microtubule-targeting ability. Although TH588 inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro and reduced microtubule plus-end mobility in interphase cells, its effect on microtubule dynamics within the mitotic spindle of dividing cells remained unknown. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of the impact of TH588 on spindle-associated microtubules and compared it to the effect of low-dose nocodazole. We show that both treatments reduce microtubule turnover within the mitotic spindle. This microtubule-stabilizing effect leads to premature formation of kinetochore-microtubule end-on attachments on uncongressed chromosomes, which consequently cannot be transported to the cell equator, thereby delaying cell division and leading to cell death or division with uncongressed chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Claudia Guasch Boldú
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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7
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Sanjiv K, Calderón-Montaño JM, Pham TM, Erkers T, Tsuber V, Almlöf I, Höglund A, Heshmati Y, Seashore-Ludlow B, Nagesh Danda A, Gad H, Wiita E, Göktürk C, Rasti A, Friedrich S, Centio A, Estruch M, Våtsveen TK, Struyf N, Visnes T, Scobie M, Koolmeister T, Henriksson M, Wallner O, Sandvall T, Lehmann S, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Garnett MJ, Östling P, Walfridsson J, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. MTH1 Inhibitor TH1579 Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Mitotic Arrest in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5733-5744. [PMID: 34593524 PMCID: PMC9397639 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy, exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS levels have been suggested to drive leukemogenesis and is thus a potential novel target for treating AML. MTH1 prevents incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into the DNA to maintain genome integrity and is upregulated in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that hematologic cancers are highly sensitive to MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (karonudib). A functional precision medicine ex vivo screen in primary AML bone marrow samples demonstrated a broad response profile of TH1579, independent of the genomic alteration of AML, resembling the response profile of the standard-of-care treatments cytarabine and doxorubicin. Furthermore, TH1579 killed primary human AML blast cells (CD45+) as well as chemotherapy resistance leukemic stem cells (CD45+Lin-CD34+CD38-), which are often responsible for AML progression. TH1579 killed AML cells by causing mitotic arrest, elevating intracellular ROS levels, and enhancing oxidative DNA damage. TH1579 showed a significant therapeutic window, was well tolerated in animals, and could be combined with standard-of-care treatments to further improve efficacy. TH1579 significantly improved survival in two different AML disease models in vivo. In conclusion, the preclinical data presented here support that TH1579 is a promising novel anticancer agent for AML, providing a rationale to investigate the clinical usefulness of TH1579 in AML in an ongoing clinical phase I trial. SIGNIFICANCE: The MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 is a potential novel AML treatment, targeting both blasts and the pivotal leukemic stem cells while sparing normal bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Therese M. Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Erkers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoriia Tsuber
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhilesh Nagesh Danda
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisee Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Göktürk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea Kristin Våtsveen
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for B cell malignancies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nona Struyf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Sandvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National Univ. Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Päivi Östling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Oxcia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Ulrika Warpman Berglund, Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Stockholm 17121, Sweden or Oxcia AB, Norrbackagatan 70C, SE-113 34 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46-73-2709605; E-mail: or
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8
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Morishita J, Nurse P. Identification of novel microtubule inhibitors effective in fission yeast and human cells and their effects on breast cancer cell lines. Open Biol 2021; 11:210161. [PMID: 34493069 PMCID: PMC8424300 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are critical for a variety of cellular processes such as chromosome segregation, intracellular transport and cell shape. Drugs against microtubules have been widely used in cancer chemotherapies, though the acquisition of drug resistance has been a significant issue for their use. To identify novel small molecules that inhibit microtubule organization, we conducted sequential phenotypic screening of fission yeast and human cells. From a library of diverse 10 371 chemicals, we identified 11 compounds that inhibit proper mitotic progression both in fission yeast and in HeLa cells. An in vitro assay revealed that five of these compounds are strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. These compounds directly bind tubulin and destabilize the structures of tubulin dimers. We showed that one of the compounds, L1, binds to the colchicine-binding site of microtubules and exhibits a preferential potency against a panel of human breast cancer cell lines compared with a control non-cancer cell line. In addition, L1 overcomes cellular drug resistance mediated by βIII tubulin overexpression and has a strong synergistic effect when combined with the Plk1 inhibitor BI2536. Thus, we have established an economically effective drug screening strategy to target mitosis and microtubules, and have identified a candidate compound for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Morishita
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul Nurse
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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9
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Karonudib has potent anti-tumor effects in preclinical models of B-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6317. [PMID: 33737576 PMCID: PMC7973795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy has improved survival in B-cell lymphoma patients, but refractory/relapsed diseases still represent a major challenge, urging for development of new therapeutics. Karonudib (TH1579) was developed to inhibit MTH1, an enzyme preventing oxidized dNTP-incorporation in DNA. MTH1 is highly upregulated in tumor biopsies from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma, hence confirming a rationale for targeting MTH1. Here, we tested the efficacy of karonudib in vitro and in preclinical B-cell lymphoma models. Using a range of B-cell lymphoma cell lines, karonudib strongly reduced viability at concentrations well tolerated by activated normal B cells. In B-cell lymphoma cells, karonudib increased incorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into DNA, and prominently induced prometaphase arrest and apoptosis due to failure in spindle assembly. MTH1 knockout cell lines were less sensitive to karonudib-induced apoptosis, but were displaying cell cycle arrest phenotype similar to the wild type cells, indicating a dual inhibitory role of the drug. Karonudib was highly potent as single agent in two different lymphoma xenograft models, including an ABC DLBCL patient derived xenograft, leading to prolonged survival and fully controlled tumor growth. Together, our preclinical findings provide a rationale for further clinical testing of karonudib in B-cell lymphoma.
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10
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Alnajjar K, Sweasy JB. Timing Is Everything: Misincorporation of 8oxodG during Mitosis Is Lethal. Cancer Res 2021; 80:3459-3460. [PMID: 32878864 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting universal cancer vulnerabilities has been used as an approach for developing targeted therapies. In this issue of Cancer Research, Rudd and colleagues show that the dual-functioning inhibitor TH588 potentiates the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during mitosis in cancer by disturbing mitotic progression and simultaneously inhibiting the hydrolysis of 8oxodGTP. This leads to increased incorporation of 8oxodG into the DNA during mitotic replication and increased toxicity. Understanding the mechanism of this inhibitor lays the groundwork for identifying cancer targets.See related article by Rudd et al., p. 3530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Alnajjar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona.
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11
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Seo H, Tkachuk D, Ho C, Mammoliti A, Rezaie A, Madani Tonekaboni S, Haibe-Kains B. SYNERGxDB: an integrative pharmacogenomic portal to identify synergistic drug combinations for precision oncology. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W494-W501. [PMID: 32442307 PMCID: PMC7319572 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-combination data portals have recently been introduced to mine huge amounts of pharmacological data with the aim of improving current chemotherapy strategies. However, these portals have only been investigated for isolated datasets, and molecular profiles of cancer cell lines are lacking. Here we developed a cloud-based pharmacogenomics portal called SYNERGxDB (http://SYNERGxDB.ca/) that integrates multiple high-throughput drug-combination studies with molecular and pharmacological profiles of a large panel of cancer cell lines. This portal enables the identification of synergistic drug combinations through harmonization and unified computational analysis. We integrated nine of the largest drug combination datasets from both academic groups and pharmaceutical companies, resulting in 22 507 unique drug combinations (1977 unique compounds) screened against 151 cancer cell lines. This data compendium includes metabolomics, gene expression, copy number and mutation profiles of the cancer cell lines. In addition, SYNERGxDB provides analytical tools to discover effective therapeutic combinations and predictive biomarkers across cancer, including specific types. Combining molecular and pharmacological profiles, we systematically explored the large space of univariate predictors of drug synergism. SYNERGxDB constitutes a comprehensive resource that opens new avenues of research for exploring the mechanism of action for drug synergy with the potential of identifying new treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Seo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Denis Tkachuk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Chantal Ho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Anthony Mammoliti
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aria Rezaie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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12
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Li DN, Yang CC, Li J, Ou Yang QG, Zeng LT, Fan GQ, Liu TH, Tian XY, Wang JJ, Zhang H, Dai DP, Cui J, Cai JP. The high expression of MTH1 and NUDT5 promotes tumor metastasis and indicates a poor prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118895. [PMID: 33096144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) is a mammalian 8-oxodGTPase for sanitizing oxidative damage to the nucleotide pool. Nudix type 5 (NUDT5) also sanitizes 8-oxodGDP in the nucleotide pool. The role of MTH1 and NUDT5 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression and metastasis remains unclear. In the present study, we reported that MTH1 and NUDT5 were upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues, and higher levels of MTH1 or NUDT5 were associated with tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Their suppression also restrained tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo and significantly inhibited NSCLC cell migration, invasion, cell proliferation and cell cycle progression while promoting apoptosis in vitro. The opposite effects were observed in vitro following MTH1 or NUDT5 rescue. In addition, the upregulation of MTH1 or NUDT5 enhanced the MAPK pathway and PI3K/AKT activity. Furthermore, MTH1 and NUDT5 induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the essential role of MTH1 and NUDT5 in NSCLC tumor tumorigenesis and metastasis as well as their functions as valuable markers of the NSCLC prognosis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Li
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qiu-Geng Ou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lv-Tao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Guo-Qing Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Teng-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin-Yuan Tian
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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13
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Borys F, Joachimiak E, Krawczyk H, Fabczak H. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microtubule Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163705. [PMID: 32823874 PMCID: PMC7464520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), highly dynamic structures composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cell movement and intracellular traffic and are essential for cell division. Within the cell, MTs are not uniform as they can be composed of different tubulin isotypes that are post-translationally modified and interact with different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). These diverse intrinsic factors influence the dynamics of MTs. Extrinsic factors such as microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) can also affect MT dynamics. MTAs can be divided into two main categories: microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) and microtubule-destabilizing agents (MDAs). Thus, the MT skeleton is an important target for anticancer therapy. This review discusses factors that determine the microtubule dynamics in normal and cancer cells and describes microtubule–MTA interactions, highlighting the importance of tubulin isoform diversity and post-translational modifications in MTA responses and the consequences of such a phenomenon, including drug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Borys
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (H.F.)
| | - Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (H.F.)
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14
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Jost M, Chen Y, Gilbert LA, Horlbeck MA, Krenning L, Menchon G, Rai A, Cho MY, Stern JJ, Prota AE, Kampmann M, Akhmanova A, Steinmetz MO, Tanenbaum ME, Weissman JS. Pharmaceutical-Grade Rigosertib Is a Microtubule-Destabilizing Agent. Mol Cell 2020; 79:191-198.e3. [PMID: 32619469 PMCID: PMC7332992 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently used CRISPRi/a-based chemical-genetic screens and cell biological, biochemical, and structural assays to determine that rigosertib, an anti-cancer agent in phase III clinical trials, kills cancer cells by destabilizing microtubules. Reddy and co-workers (Baker et al., 2020, this issue of Molecular Cell) suggest that a contaminating degradation product in commercial formulations of rigosertib is responsible for the microtubule-destabilizing activity. Here, we demonstrate that cells treated with pharmaceutical-grade rigosertib (>99.9% purity) or commercially obtained rigosertib have qualitatively indistinguishable phenotypes across multiple assays. The two formulations have indistinguishable chemical-genetic interactions with genes that modulate microtubule stability, both destabilize microtubules in cells and in vitro, and expression of a rationally designed tubulin mutant with a mutation in the rigosertib binding site (L240F TUBB) allows cells to proliferate in the presence of either formulation. Importantly, the specificity of the L240F TUBB mutant for microtubule-destabilizing agents has been confirmed independently. Thus, rigosertib kills cancer cells by destabilizing microtubules, in agreement with our original findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lenno Krenning
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Min Y Cho
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jacob J Stern
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marvin E Tanenbaum
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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15
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Das I, Gad H, Bräutigam L, Pudelko L, Tuominen R, Höiom V, Almlöf I, Rajagopal V, Hansson J, Helleday T, Egyházi Brage S, Warpman Berglund U. AXL and CAV-1 play a role for MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 sensitivity in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2081-2098. [PMID: 31919461 PMCID: PMC7308409 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer and clinically challenging due to its propensity to develop therapy resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce DNA damage and play a significant role in CMM. MTH1 protein protects from ROS damage and is often overexpressed in different cancer types including CMM. Herein, we report that MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 induced ROS levels, increased DNA damage responses, caused mitotic arrest and suppressed CMM proliferation leading to cell death both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft CMM zebrafish disease model. TH1579 was more potent in abrogating cell proliferation and inducing cell death in a heterogeneous co-culture setting when compared with CMM standard treatments, vemurafenib or trametinib, showing its broad anticancer activity. Silencing MTH1 alone exhibited similar cytotoxic effects with concomitant induction of mitotic arrest and ROS induction culminating in cell death in most CMM cell lines tested, further emphasizing the importance of MTH1 in CMM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, previously demonstrated to contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, sensitized BRAF mutant and BRAF/NRAS wildtype CMM cells to TH1579. AXL overexpression culminated in increased ROS levels in CMM cells. Moreover, silencing of a protein that has shown opposing effects on cell proliferation, CAV-1, decreased sensitivity to TH1579 in a BRAF inhibitor resistant cell line. AXL-MTH1 and CAV-1-MTH1 mRNA expressions were correlated as seen in CMM clinical samples. Finally, TH1579 in combination with BRAF inhibitor exhibited a more potent cell killing effect in BRAF mutant cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we show that TH1579-mediated efficacy is independent of BRAF/NRAS mutational status but dependent on the expression of AXL and CAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Das
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Pudelko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Suzanne Egyházi Brage
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Lin A, Sheltzer JM. Discovering and validating cancer genetic dependencies: approaches and pitfalls. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:671-682. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Rudd SG, Gad H, Sanjiv K, Amaral N, Hagenkort A, Groth P, Ström CE, Mortusewicz O, Berglund UW, Helleday T. MTH1 Inhibitor TH588 Disturbs Mitotic Progression and Induces Mitosis-Dependent Accumulation of Genomic 8-oxodG. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3530-3541. [PMID: 32312836 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidize nucleotide triphosphate pools (e.g., 8-oxodGTP), which may kill cells if incorporated into DNA. Whether cancers avoid poisoning from oxidized nucleotides by preventing incorporation via the oxidized purine diphosphatase MTH1 remains under debate. Also, little is known about DNA polymerases incorporating oxidized nucleotides in cells or how oxidized nucleotides in DNA become toxic. Here we show that replacement of one of the main DNA replicases in human cells, DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ), with an error-prone variant allows increased 8-oxodG accumulation into DNA following treatment with TH588, a dual MTH1 inhibitor and microtubule targeting agent. The resulting elevated genomic 8-oxodG correlated with increased cytotoxicity of TH588. Interestingly, no substantial perturbation of replication fork progression was observed, but rather mitotic progression was impaired and mitotic DNA synthesis triggered. Reducing mitotic arrest by reversin treatment prevented accumulation of genomic 8-oxodG and reduced cytotoxicity of TH588, in line with the notion that mitotic arrest is required for ROS buildup and oxidation of the nucleotide pool. Furthermore, delayed mitosis and increased mitotic cell death was observed following TH588 treatment in cells expressing the error-prone but not wild-type Pol δ variant, which is not observed following treatments with antimitotic agents. Collectively, these results link accumulation of genomic oxidized nucleotides with disturbed mitotic progression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings uncover a novel link between accumulation of genomic 8-oxodG and perturbed mitotic progression in cancer cells, which can be exploited therapeutically using MTH1 inhibitors.See related commentary by Alnajjar and Sweasy, p. 3459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Amaral
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagenkort
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Groth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia E Ström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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18
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Samaranayake GJ, Troccoli CI, Zhang L, Huynh M, Jayaraj CJ, Ji D, McPherson L, Onishi Y, Nguyen DM, Robbins DJ, Karbaschi M, Cooke MS, Barrientos A, Kool ET, Rai P. The Existence of MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase Activity in Cancer Cells as a Compensatory Mechanism against On-target Effects of MTH1 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:432-446. [PMID: 31744893 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the human 8-oxodGTPase, MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1), have risen sharply since the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors were reported to be highly tumoricidal. However, MTH1 as a cancer therapeutic target is currently controversial because subsequently developed inhibitors did not exhibit similar cytotoxic effects. Here, we provide the first direct evidence for MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase function in human cancer cells and human tumors, using a novel ATP-releasing guanine-oxidized (ARGO) chemical probe. Our studies show that this functionally redundant 8-oxodGTPase activity is not decreased by five different published MTH1-targeting small molecules or by MTH1 depletion. Significantly, while only the two first-in-class inhibitors, TH588 and TH287, reduced cancer cell viability, all five inhibitors evaluated in our studies decreased 8-oxodGTPase activity to a similar extent. Thus, the reported efficacy of the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors does not arise from their inhibition of MTH1-specific 8-oxodGTPase activity. Comparison of DNA strand breaks, genomic 8-oxoguanine incorporation, or alterations in cellular oxidative state by TH287 versus the noncytotoxic inhibitor, IACS-4759, contradict that the cytotoxicity of the former results solely from increased levels of oxidatively damaged genomic DNA. Thus, our findings indicate that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress or DNA damage likely underlie the reported efficacy of the first-in-class inhibitors. Our study suggests that MTH1 functional redundancy, existing to different extents in all cancer lines and human tumors evaluated in our study, is a thus far undefined factor which is likely to be critical in understanding the importance of MTH1 and its clinical targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindi J Samaranayake
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mai Huynh
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | - Debin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa McPherson
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David J Robbins
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
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