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Mura F, Cognigni F, Ferroni M, Morandi V, Rossi M. Advances in Focused Ion Beam Tomography for Three-Dimensional Characterization in Materials Science. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5808. [PMID: 37687502 PMCID: PMC10488958 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, FIB-SEM tomography has become an extremely important technique for the three-dimensional reconstruction of microscopic structures with nanometric resolution. This paper describes in detail the steps required to perform this analysis, from the experimental setup to the data analysis and final reconstruction. To demonstrate the versatility of the technique, a comprehensive list of applications is also summarized, ranging from batteries to shale rocks and even some types of soft materials. Moreover, the continuous technological development, such as the introduction of the latest models of plasma and cryo-FIB, can open the way towards the analysis with this technique of a large class of soft materials, while the introduction of new machine learning and deep learning systems will not only improve the resolution and the quality of the final data, but also expand the degree of automation and efficiency in the dataset handling. These future developments, combined with a technique that is already reliable and widely used in various fields of research, are certain to become a routine tool in electron microscopy and material characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mura
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Flavio Cognigni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Ferroni
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Section of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.)
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Morandi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Section of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.)
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Danzi F, Salgado RM, Oliveira JE, Arteiro A, Camanho PP, Braga MH. Structural Batteries: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082203. [PMID: 33920481 PMCID: PMC8068925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural power composites stand out as a possible solution to the demands of the modern transportation system of more efficient and eco-friendly vehicles. Recent studies demonstrated the possibility to realize these components endowing high-performance composites with electrochemical properties. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the recent developments on this more and more sensitive topic. Two main technologies will be covered here: (1) the integration of commercially available lithium-ion batteries in composite structures, and (2) the fabrication of carbon fiber-based multifunctional materials. The latter will be deeply analyzed, describing how the fibers and the polymeric matrices can be synergistically combined with ionic salts and cathodic materials to manufacture monolithic structural batteries. The main challenges faced by these emerging research fields are also addressed. Among them, the maximum allowable curing cycle for the embedded configuration and the realization that highly conductive structural electrolytes for the monolithic solution are noteworthy. This work also shows an overview of the multiphysics material models developed for these studies and provides a clue for a possible alternative configuration based on solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Danzi
- LAETA, Department of Engineering Physics, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (P.P.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Rui Martim Salgado
- DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana Espain Oliveira
- LAETA, Department of Engineering Physics, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Albertino Arteiro
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Ponces Camanho
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (P.P.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Maria Helena Braga
- LAETA, Department of Engineering Physics, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- INEGI, Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (P.P.C.); (M.H.B.)
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Tan C, Kok MDR, Daemi SR, Brett DJL, Shearing PR. Three-dimensional image based modelling of transport parameters in lithium–sulfur batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4145-4154. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A sulfur electrode was imaged with X-ray micro and nano computed tomography for the modelling of effective molecular diffusivity and electrical conductivity through flux based simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Matthew D. R. Kok
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Sohrab R. Daemi
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Daniel J. L. Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
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Liu Y, Meirer F, Krest CM, Webb S, Weckhuysen BM. Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12634. [PMID: 27572475 PMCID: PMC5013607 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how hierarchically structured functional materials operate, analytical tools are needed that can reveal small structural and chemical details in large sample volumes. Often, a single method alone is not sufficient to get a complete picture of processes happening at multiple length scales. Here we present a correlative approach combining three-dimensional X-ray imaging techniques at different length scales for the analysis of metal poisoning of an individual catalyst particle. The correlative nature of the data allowed establishing a macro-pore network model that interprets metal accumulations as a resistance to mass transport and can, by tuning the effect of metal deposition, simulate the response of the network to a virtual ageing of the catalyst particle. The developed approach is generally applicable and provides an unprecedented view on dynamic changes in a material's pore space, which is an essential factor in the rational design of functional porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney M. Krest
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Samuel Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rhazaoui K, Cai Q, Kishimoto M, Tariq F, Somalu M, Adjiman C, Brandon N. Towards the 3D Modelling of the Effective Conductivity of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes – Validation against experimental measurements and prediction of electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rhazaoui K, Cai Q, Adjiman C, Brandon N. Towards the 3D modeling of the effective conductivity of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes – II. Computational parameters. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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