1
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Olowoyo JO, Gharahshiran VS, Zeng Y, Zhao Y, Zheng Y. Atomic/molecular layer deposition strategies for enhanced CO 2 capture, utilisation and storage materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5428-5488. [PMID: 38682880 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels have raised profound concerns regarding the resulting consequences of global climate change and the future supply of energy. Hence, the reduction and transformation of CO2 not only mitigates environmental pollution but also generates value-added chemicals, providing a dual remedy to address both energy and environmental challenges. Despite notable advancements, the low conversion efficiency of CO2 remains a major obstacle, largely attributed to its inert chemical nature. It is imperative to engineer catalysts/materials that exhibit high conversion efficiency, selectivity, and stability for CO2 transformation. With unparalleled precision at the atomic level, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) methods utilize various strategies, including ultrathin modification, overcoating, interlayer coating, area-selective deposition, template-assisted deposition, and sacrificial-layer-assisted deposition, to synthesize numerous novel metal-based materials with diverse structures. These materials, functioning as active materials, passive materials or modifiers, have contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, effectively addressing the challenges linked to CO2 transformation. Herein, this review focuses on ALD and MLD's role in fabricating materials for electro-, photo-, photoelectro-, and thermal catalytic CO2 reduction, CO2 capture and separation, and electrochemical CO2 sensing. Significant emphasis is dedicated to the ALD and MLD designed materials, their crucial role in enhancing performance, and exploring the relationship between their structures and catalytic activities for CO2 transformation. Finally, this comprehensive review presents the summary, challenges and prospects for ALD and MLD-designed materials for CO2 transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Olowoyo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Vahid Shahed Gharahshiran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Yimin Zeng
- Natural Resources Canada - CanmetMaterials, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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2
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Ahmadi Khoshooei M, Wang X, Vitale G, Formalik F, Kirlikovali KO, Snurr RQ, Pereira-Almao P, Farha OK. An active, stable cubic molybdenum carbide catalyst for the high-temperature reverse water-gas shift reaction. Science 2024; 384:540-546. [PMID: 38696554 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Although technologically promising, the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce carbon monoxide (CO) remains economically challenging owing to the lack of an inexpensive, active, highly selective, and stable catalyst. We show that nanocrystalline cubic molybdenum carbide (α-Mo2C), prepared through a facile and scalable route, offers 100% selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO while maintaining its initial equilibrium conversion at high space velocity after more than 500 hours of exposure to harsh reaction conditions at 600°C. The combination of operando and postreaction characterization of the catalyst revealed that its high activity, selectivity, and stability are attributable to crystallographic phase purity, weak CO-Mo2C interactions, and interstitial oxygen atoms, respectively. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided evidence that the reaction proceeds through an H2-aided redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ahmadi Khoshooei
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gerardo Vitale
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Filip Formalik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Pedro Pereira-Almao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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3
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Zhang K, Xu C, Zhang X, Huang Z, Pian Q, Che K, Cui X, Hu Y, Xuan Y. Structural Heredity in Catalysis: CO 2 Self-Selective CeO 2 Nanocrystals for Efficient Photothermal CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methane. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308823. [PMID: 38102099 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical inertness of CO2 molecules makes their adsorption and activation on a catalyst surface one of the key challenges in recycling CO2 into chemical fuels. However, the traditional template synthesis and chemical modification strategies used to tackle this problem face severe structural collapse and modifier deactivation issues during the often-needed post-processing procedure. Herein, a CO2 self-selective hydrothermal growth strategy is proposed for the synthesis of CeO2 octahedral nanocrystals that participate in strong physicochemical interactions with CO2 molecules. The intense affinity for CO2 molecules persists during successive high-temperature treatments required for Ni deposition. This demonstrates the excellent structural heredity of the CO2 self-selective CeO2 nanocrystals, which leads to an outstanding photothermal CH4 productivity exceeding 9 mmol h-1 mcat -2 and an impressive selectivity of >99%. The excellent performance is correlated with the abundant oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl species on the CeO2 surface, which create many frustrated Lewis-pair active sites, and the strong interaction between Ni and CeO2 that promotes the dissociation of H2 molecules and the spillover of H atoms, thereby greatly benefitting the photothermal CO2 methanation reaction. This self-selective hydrothermal growth strategy represents a new pathway for the development of effective catalysts for targeted chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Management and Energy Utilization of Aviation Vehicles, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Cuiping Xu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Qixiang Pian
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Kunhong Che
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xiaokun Cui
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yueru Hu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yimin Xuan
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Management and Energy Utilization of Aviation Vehicles, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China
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4
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Rana S, Kumar A, Lai CW, Sharma G, Dhiman P. Recent progress in ZnCr and NiCr layered double hydroxides and based photocatalysts for water treatment and clean energy production. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141800. [PMID: 38554860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In pursuit of advancing photocatalysts for superior performance in water treatment and clean energy generation, researchers are increasingly focusing on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) which have garnered significant attention due to their customizable properties, morphologies, distinctive 2D layered structure and flexible options for modifying anions and cations. No review has previously delved specifically into ZnCr and NiCr LDH-based photocatalysts and therefore, this review highlights the recent surge in ZnCr and NiCr-based LDHs as potential photocatalysts for their applications in water purification and renewable energy generation. The structural and fundamental characteristics of layered double hydroxides and especially ZnCr-LDHs and NiCr-LDHs are outlined. Further, the various synthesis techniques for the preparation of ZnCr-LDHs, NiCr-LDHs and their composite and heterostructure materials have been briefly discussed. The applicability of ZnCr-LDH and NiCr-LDH based photocatalysts in tackling significant issues in water treatment and sustainable energy generation is the main emphasis of this review. It focuses on photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, elucidating the principles and advancements for enhancing the efficiency of these materials. It also explores their role in H2 production through water splitting, conversion of CO2 into valuable fuels and NH3 synthesis from N2, shedding light on their potential for clean energy solutions. The insights presented herein offer valuable guidance for researchers working towards sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and renewable energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229.
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229
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5
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Zhang W, Sun J, Wang H, Cui X. Recent Advances in Hydrogenation of CO 2 to CO with Heterogeneous Catalysts Through the RWGS Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300971. [PMID: 38278764 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous increase in CO2 emissions, primarily from the combustion of coal and oil, the ecosystem faces a significant threat. Therefore, as an effective method to minimize the issue, the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction which converts CO2 towards CO attracts much attention, is an environmentally-friendly method to mitigate climate change and lessen dependence on fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the inherent thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO2 is a big challenge under mild conditions. In addition, it remains another fundamental challenge in RWGS reaction owing to CO selectivity issue caused by CO2 further hydrogenation towards CH4 . Up till now, a series of catalysis systems have been developed for CO2 reduction reaction to produce CO. Herein, the research progress of the well-performed heterogeneous catalysts for the RWGS reaction were summarized, including the catalyst design, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism. This review will provide insights into efficient utilization of CO2 and promote the development of RWGS reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Güler Ö, Boyrazlı M, Albayrak MG, Güler SH, Ishihara T, Edalati K. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of TiZrNbHfTaO x High-Entropy Oxide Synthesized by Mechano-Thermal Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:853. [PMID: 38399104 PMCID: PMC10890298 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
One of the most promising solutions to slow down CO2 emissions is the use of photocatalysis to produce hydrogen as a clean fuel. However, the efficiency of the photocatalysts is not at the desired level, and they usually need precious metal co-catalysts for reactions. In this study, to achieve efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production, a high-entropy oxide was synthesized by a mechano-thermal method. The synthesized high-entropy oxide had a bandgap of 2.45 eV, which coincided with both UV and visible light regions. The material could successfully produce hydrogen from water under light, but the main difference to conventional photocatalysts was that the photocatalysis proceeded without a co-catalyst addition. Hydrogen production increased with increasing time, and at the end of the 3 h period, 134.76 µmol/m2 h of hydrogen was produced. These findings not only introduce a new method for producing high-entropy photocatalysts but also confirm the high potential of high-entropy photocatalysts for hydrogen production without the need for precious metal co-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Güler
- Rare Earth Elements Application and Research Center, Munzur University, Tunceli 62000, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Boyrazlı
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (M.B.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Muhammet Gökhan Albayrak
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (M.B.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Seval Hale Güler
- Rare Earth Elements Application and Research Center, Munzur University, Tunceli 62000, Turkey;
| | - Tatsumi Ishihara
- WPI, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Kaveh Edalati
- WPI, International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
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7
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Giri S, Yadav SK, Misra D. A first-principles study of electro-catalytic reduction of CO 2 on transition metal-doped stanene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4579-4588. [PMID: 38247575 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Employing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, this work examines the activity of 3d transition metal-doped stanene for electro-catalytic CO2 reduction through the first two electron transfer steps to CO. Our results related to CO2 activation, the first and a crucial step of the reduction process revealed that, among the entire 3d transition metal row studied, only Ti- and Fe-doped stanene can bind and significantly activate the CO2 molecule, while the rest of the TM single atoms are inert in activating the molecule. The activation of the CO2 molecule on Ti- and Fe-doped stanene has been observed in the presence of water as well. In addition, the formation of OCHO has been observed to be energetically preferred over COOH formation as a reaction intermediate, indicating the preference for the formate path of the reduction reaction. Furthermore, despite the strong adsorption of H2O on the catalyst surface, the presence of water seems to enhance CO2 adsorption on the catalysts, contrary to what has been observed recently in graphene-based catalysts. Finally, our difference charge density and the Bader charge calculations reveal that the ability of Ti- and Fe-doped stanene in activating the CO2 molecule and their potential catalytic activity for CO2 reduction is to be attributed to the charge transfer between the catalyst and the molecule, providing new insights into the rational design of 2D catalysts beyond graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudatta Giri
- Materials Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai, 600127, India.
| | - Satyesh K Yadav
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, India
| | - Debolina Misra
- Materials Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai, 600127, India.
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Cui Y, He S, Yang J, Gao R, Hu K, Chen X, Xu L, Deng C, Lin C, Peng S, Zhang C. Research Progress of Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Methanation. Molecules 2024; 29:374. [PMID: 38257287 PMCID: PMC10821115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive utilization of fossil fuels has led to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, resulting in various environmental issues. To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate CO2 emissions, it is important to explore alternative methods of utilizing CO2 and H2 as raw materials to obtain high-value-added chemicals or fuels. One such method is CO2 methanation, which converts CO2 and H2 into methane (CH4), a valuable fuel and raw material for other chemicals. However, CO2 methanation faces challenges in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. The reaction rate, CO2 conversion, and CH4 yield need to be improved to make the process more efficient. To overcome these challenges, the development of suitable catalysts is essential. Non-noble metal catalysts have gained significant attention due to their high catalytic activity and relatively low cost. In this paper, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2 methanation reaction are discussed. The focus is primarily on reviewing Ni-based, Co-based, and other commonly used catalysts such as Fe-based. The effects of catalyst supports, preparation methods, and promoters on the catalytic performance of the methanation reaction are highlighted. Additionally, the paper summarizes the impact of reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, space velocity, and H2/CO2 ratio on the catalyst performance. The mechanism of CO2 methanation is also summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process. The objective of this paper is to deepen the understanding of non-noble metal catalysts in CO2 methanation reactions and provide insights for improving catalyst performance. By addressing the limitations of CO2 methanation and exploring the factors influencing catalyst effectiveness, researchers can develop more efficient and cost-effective catalysts for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Cui
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.C.); (S.H.); (C.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Shunyu He
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.C.); (S.H.); (C.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.Y.); (K.H.); (X.C.); (L.X.); (C.D.)
| | - Ruxing Gao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.C.); (S.H.); (C.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Kehao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.Y.); (K.H.); (X.C.); (L.X.); (C.D.)
| | - Xixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.Y.); (K.H.); (X.C.); (L.X.); (C.D.)
| | - Lujing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.Y.); (K.H.); (X.C.); (L.X.); (C.D.)
| | - Chao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.Y.); (K.H.); (X.C.); (L.X.); (C.D.)
| | - Congji Lin
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.C.); (S.H.); (C.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuai Peng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (Y.C.); (S.H.); (C.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Chundong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.Y.); (K.H.); (X.C.); (L.X.); (C.D.)
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Thakkar K, Joshi K. Single-atom alloys of Cu(211) with earth-abundant metals for enhanced activity towards CO 2 dissociation. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108656. [PMID: 37918321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
CO2, a byproduct from various industrial reactions, must not be released into the atmosphere and should be managed through capture, conversion, and utilization. The first step in converting CO2 into valuable products is to break the C-O bond. This work focuses on designing Single Atom Catalysts (SACs) by doping Cu(211) surface with 13 different s, p, and d block elements with an aim to minimize the activation barrier for C-O bond cleavage. Our work demonstrates that SACs of Mg/Al/Pt@Cu(211) favor CO2 chemisorption compared to Cu(211) where CO2 physisorbs. The barrier for CO2 dissociation is lowest for Mg@Cu(211) and it increases in the order Mg@Cu(211) < Al@Cu(211) < Pt@Cu(211) < Zn@Cu(211) < Ga@Cu(211) < Cu@Cu(211) < Pd@Cu(211). These findings suggest that doping Cu(211) with earth-abundant metal like Mg can potentially be a viable catalyst for CO2 conversion, providing a promising solution to reduce carbon footprint and mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Thakkar
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Kavita Joshi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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10
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Stagel K, Ielo L, Bica-Schröder K. Continuous Synthesis of Carbamates from CO 2 and Amines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48444-48450. [PMID: 38144084 PMCID: PMC10734002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for the continuous preparation of carbamates. The simple yet fast synthetic route relies on directly utilizing carbon dioxide and, in contrast with the literature-known methods, only employs 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene as an additive. The applicable amines' diversity offers considerable flexibility to the synthetic protocol. Additionally, the continuous method's applicability significantly decreases the reaction time typically required for CO2-based carbamate synthesis and allows for straightforward and precise gas introduction. The mild reaction conditions and omission of the need for column chromatography render the process less time-demanding and environmentally more benign, providing the desired compounds in yields of 45 to 92%. Moreover, the modified procedure can potentially be applied in the selective synthesis of oxazolidinones from aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Stagel
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Katharina Bica-Schröder
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
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11
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Yang S, Wang H, Xiong Y, Zhu M, Sun J, Jiang M, Zhang P, Wei J, Xing Y, Tie Z, Jin Z. Ultrafast Thermal Shock Synthesis and Porosity Engineering of 3D Hierarchical Cu-Bi Nanofoam Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10140-10147. [PMID: 37930176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Massive production of practical metal or alloy based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is usually limited by energy-extensive consumption, poor reproducibility, and weak adhesion on electrode substrates. Herein, we report the ultrafast thermal shock synthesis and porosity engineering of free-standing Cu-Bi bimetallic nanofoam electrocatalysts with 3D hierarchical porous structure and easily adjustable compositions. During the thermal shock process, the rapid heating and cooling steps in several seconds result in strong interaction between metal nanopowders to form multiphase nanocrystallines with abundant grain boundaries and metastable CuBi intermetallic phase. The subsequent porosity engineering process via acid etching and electroreduction creates highly porous Cu-Bi structures that can increase electrochemically active surface area and facilitate mass/charge transfer. Among the Cu-Bi nanofoam electrodes with different Cu/Bi ratios, the Cu4Bi nanofoam exhibited the highest formate selectivity with a Faradaic efficiency of 92.4% at -0.9 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and demonstrated excellent operation stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huaizhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Minghang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yizhi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxiu Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu BTR Nano Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213200, P. R. China
- Nanjing Tieming Energy Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
- Suzhou Tierui New Energy Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215228, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Rana S, Kumar A, Sharma G, Dhiman P, García-Penas A, Stadler FJ. Recent advances in perovskite-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139765. [PMID: 37562504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic rise in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere caused by the continuous use of carbon fuels continues to have a significant impact on environmental degradation and the disappearance of energy reserves. Past few years have seen a significant increase in the interest in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction because of its ability to lower CO2 releases from the burning of fossil fuels while also producing fuels and important chemical products. Because of their excellent catalytic efficiency, great uniformity, lengthy charge diffusion layers and texture flexibility that enable accurate band gap and band line optimization, perovskite-based nanomaterials are perhaps the most advantageous among the numerous semiconductors proficient in accelerating CO2 conversion under visible light. Firstly, a brief insight into photocatalytic CO2 conversion mechanism and structural features of perovskites are discussed. Further the classification and selection of perovskites for Z and S-scheme heterojunctions and their role in photocatalytic CO2 reduction analysed. The efficient modification and engineering of heterojunctions via co-catalyst loading, morphology control and vacancy introduction have been comprehensively reviewed. Third, the state-of-the-art achievements of perovskite-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions are systematically summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges, bottlenecks and future perspectives are discussed to provide a pathway for applying perovskite-based heterojunctions for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University , 173229, Solan, India
| | - Alberto García-Penas
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Legan'es, Spain
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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13
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Hwang SY, Maeng JY, Park GE, Yang SY, Kim SY, Rhee CK, Sohn Y. New reaction path for long-chain hydrocarbons by electrochemical CO 2 and CO reduction over Au/stainless steel. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139616. [PMID: 37482308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis is recognized for its ability to produce long-chain hydrocarbons. In this study, we aimed to replicate F-T synthesis using electrochemical CO2 reduction and CO reduction reactions on a stainless steel (SS) support with a gold (Au) overlayer. Under CO2-saturated conditions, the presence of Au on the SS surface led to the formation of CH4 and a range of hydrocarbons (CnH2n and CnH2n+2, n = 2-7), while bare SS primarily produced hydrogen. The Au(10 nm)/SS exhibited the highest hydrocarbon production in CO2-saturated phosphate, indicating a synergistic effect at the Au-SS interface. In CO-saturated conditions, bare SS also produced long-chain hydrocarbons, but increasing Au thickness resulted in decreased production due to poor CO adsorption. Hydrocarbons were formed through both direct and indirect CO adsorption pathways. Anderson-Schulz-Flory analysis confirmed surface CO hydrogenation and C-C coupling polymerization following conventional F-T synthesis. The C2 hydrocarbons exhibited distinct behavior compared to C3-5 hydrocarbons, suggesting different reaction pathways. Despite low reduction product levels, our EC method successfully replicated F-T synthesis using the Au/SS electrode, providing valuable insights into C-C coupling mechanisms and electrochemical production of long-chain hydrocarbons. Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed significant changes in surface elemental compositions before and after EC reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Maeng
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Kyun Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lewine H, Teigen AG, Trausch AM, Lindblom KM, Seda T, Reinheimer EW, Kowalczyk T, Gilbertson JD. Sequential Deoxygenation of CO 2 and NO 2- via Redox-Control of a Pyridinediimine Ligand with a Hemilabile Phosphine. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15173-15179. [PMID: 37669231 PMCID: PMC10520972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The deoxygenation of environmental pollutants CO2 and NO2- to form value-added products is reported. CO2 reduction with subsequent CO release and NO2- conversion to NO are achieved via the starting complex Fe(PPhPDI)Cl2 (1). 1 contains the redox-active pyridinediimine (PDI) ligand with a hemilabile phosphine located in the secondary coordination sphere. 1 was reduced with SmI2 under a CO2 atmosphere to form the direduced monocarbonyl Fe(PPhPDI)(CO) (2). Subsequent CO release was achieved via oxidation of 2 using the NOx- source, NO2-. The resulting [Fe(PPhPDI)(NO)]+ (3) mononitrosyl iron complex (MNIC) is formed as the exclusive reduction product due to the hemilabile phosphine. 3 was investigated computationally to be characterized as {FeNO}7, an unusual intermediate-spin Fe(III) coupled to triplet NO- and a singly reduced PDI ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanalei
R. Lewine
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
| | - Allison G. Teigen
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
| | - April M. Trausch
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M. Lindblom
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
| | - Takele Seda
- Department
of Physics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
| | | | - Tim Kowalczyk
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
| | - John D. Gilbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington98225, United States
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15
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Zhou C, Zhang R, Rong Y, Yang Y, Jiang X. Facile Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Ni-N-C for Efficient CO 2 Electroreduction to CO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42585-42593. [PMID: 37649346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The reasonable design of atomically dispersed Ni-Nx sites in porous carbon nanostructures is an efficient strategy to enhance the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalytic activity. In this work, atomically dispersed Ni-Nx sites on hierarchically porous carbon catalysts (HP-Ni-NC) were fabricated by a facile NaCl template-assisted pyrolysis method. The catalysts exhibit a large specific surface area and a hierarchical porous structure, facilitating the exposure of numerous active sites and the mass/electron transport during the CO2RR. Consequently, the CO Faradaic efficiency maintained over 90% in a wide potential window on the optimized HP-Ni-NC-2 catalyst. The CO partial current achieved 15.2 mA cm-2 at -0.9 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) in a H-cell. Furthermore, the current density can achieve 250 mA cm-2 at a cell voltage of 3.11 V in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer, demonstrating great promise for commercial-scale application. This study presents a facile approach to synthesizing hierarchically porous structure single-atom catalysts with superior catalytic performance toward CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fundamental Chemistry of the State Ethnic Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fundamental Chemistry of the State Ethnic Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youwen Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yaoyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fundamental Chemistry of the State Ethnic Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaole Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fundamental Chemistry of the State Ethnic Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Nakayama Y, Kaneko H. Robust Design of a Dimethyl Ether Production Process Using Process Simulation and Robust Bayesian Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29161-29168. [PMID: 37599933 PMCID: PMC10433492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
As greenhouse gases such as CO2 continue to promote global warming, the reduction of CO2 emissions is attracting increasing attention. In this study, we design a process for producing dimethyl ether (DME), which is a promising means of using CO2 as a resource. Design variables such as temperature and pressure need to be optimized to reduce CO2 emissions while maintaining high product purity and DME production. Conventional process designs determine these design variables from the chemical background and through trial-and-error simulations, which are very time-consuming. The proposed method optimizes the design variables efficiently by repeating the process simulations and selecting promising candidates for the design variables using machine learning. For an adaptive design of experiments, Bayesian optimization is used to achieve the objectives of the DME process while efficiently optimizing the design variables. In addition, we also optimize the design variables considering variations in the temperature and pressure data, meaning robust Bayesian optimization. The proposed method successfully identifies design variables that satisfy all experimental targets in an average of 54 simulations while achieving 100% of the targets with product purity 0.95-1.00, amount of DME in the product 350-845 kmol/h, and CO2 emissions 0-835 kmol/h, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed robust Bayesian optimization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji
University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji
University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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17
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Singh G, Prakash K, Nagaraja CM. Fe(III)-Anchored Porphyrin-Based Nanoporous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Green Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Olefins and CO 2 under Atmospheric Pressure Conditions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13058-13068. [PMID: 37534594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 source coupled with olefins, readily accessible feedstocks, offers dual advantages of mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide and green synthesis of valuable chemicals. In this regard, herein we demonstrate the application of Fe(III)-anchored porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (P-COF) as a promising recyclable catalyst for one-step generation of cyclic carbonates (CCs), value-added commodity chemicals from olefins and CO2, under mild atmospheric pressure conditions. Moreover, this one-pot synthesis was applied to transform various olefins (aliphatic and aromatic) into the corresponding CCs in good yield and selectivity. In addition, the Fe(III)@P-COF showed good recyclability and durability for multiple reuse cycles without losing its catalytic activity. Notably, this one-step synthesis strategy presents an eco-friendly, atom-economic alternative to the conventional two-step process requiring epoxides. This work represents a rare demonstration of porphyrin COF-catalyzed one-pot CC synthesis by utilizing readily available olefins at atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Kamal Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - C M Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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18
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Kim S, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee SK, Chun Y, Lee JH, Yoo HY. Efficient Recovery Strategy of Luteolin from Agricultural Waste Peanut Shells and Activity Evaluation of Its Functional Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12366. [PMID: 37569741 PMCID: PMC10419010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut shells (PSs) generated from agricultural waste contain valuable compounds with bioactive properties such as anti-aging, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it desirable to recycle them as a sustainable resource. The aim of this study is to design an effective luteolin recovery process as the first step of an integrated biorefinery utilizing PSs as raw material. The major extraction variables and their ranges for luteolin recovery from PSs were determined (0-60 °C, 1-5 h, 0-100% MeOH concentration) and a predictive model was derived through a response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the predictive model, the equation determined for the maximal extraction of luteolin at 1 h was as follows: y = -1.8475x + 159.57, and the significant range of variables was as follows: 33.8 °C ≤ temperature (x) ≤ 48.5 °C and 70.0% ≤ MeOH concentration (y) ≤ 97.5%, respectively. High antioxidant and elastase inhibitory activities of PS extracts were confirmed, and these results support their potential to be used as functional materials. In addition, 39.2% of the solid residue after extraction was carbohydrate, which has potential as a carbon source for fermentation. This study provides a useful direction on an integrated biorefinery approach for sustainable agricultural waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Soo Kweon Lee
- Fermentation Team, Lotte R&D Center, 210 Magokjungang-Ro, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youngsang Chun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ja Hyun Lee
- Department of Convergence Bio-Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.H.L.); (J.L.)
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19
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Yang Y, Wen Z, Zu Z, Wang D, Zhou H, Zhang D. Thermodynamic and Mechanistic Analyses of Direct CO 2 Methylation with Toluene to para-Xylene. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24042-24052. [PMID: 37426247 PMCID: PMC10324061 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct CO2 methylation with toluene, as one of the CO2 hydrogenation technologies, exhibits great potential for the CO2 utilization to produce the valuable para-xylene (PX), but the tandem catalysis remains a challenge for low conversion and selectivity due to the competitive side reactions. The thermodynamic analyses and the comparation with two series of catalytic results of direct CO2 methylation are conducted to investigate the product distribution and possible mechanism in adjusting the feasibility of higher conversion and selectivity. Based on the Gibbs energy minimization method, the optimal thermodynamic conditions for direct CO2 methylation are 360-420 °C, 3 MPa with middle CO2/C7H8 ratio (1:1 to 1:4) and high H2 feed (CO2/H2 = 1:3 to 1:6). As a tandem process, the toluene feed would break the thermodynamic limit and has the higher potential of >60% CO2 conversion than that of CO2 hydrogenation without toluene. The direct CO2 methylation route also has advantages over the methanol route with a good prospect for >90% PX selectivity in its isomers due to the dynamic effect of selective catalysis. These thermodynamic and mechanistic analyses would promote the optimal design of bifunctional catalysts for CO2 conversion and product selectivity from the view of reaction pathways of the complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School
of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu
Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Zhuoyu Wen
- School
of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zixuan Zu
- School
of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- School
of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu
Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Huairong Zhou
- School
of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu
Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhang
- School
of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu
Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
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20
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Ali J, Faridi S, Sardar M. Carbonic anhydrase as a tool to mitigate global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28122-7. [PMID: 37336857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The global average temperature breaks the record every year, and this unprecedented speed at which it is unfolding is causing serious climate change which in turn impacts the lives of humans and other living organisms. Thus, it is imperative to take immediate action to limit global warming. Increased CO2 emission from the industrial sector that relies on fossil fuels is the major culprit. Mitigating global warming is an uphill battle that involves an integration of technologies such as switching to renewable energy, increasing the carbon sink capacity, and implementing carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) on major sources of CO2 emissions. Among all these methods, CCS is globally accepted as a potential technology to address this climate change. CCS using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is gaining momentum due to its advantages over other conventional CCS technologies. CA is a metalloenzyme that catalyses a fundamental reaction for life, i.e. the interconversion of bicarbonate and protons from carbon dioxide and water. The practical application of CA requires stable CAs operating under harsh operational conditions. CAs from extremophilic microbes are the potential candidates for the sequestration of CO2 and conversion into useful by-products. The soluble free form of CA is expensive, unstable, and non-reusable in an industrial setup. Immobilization of CA on various support materials can provide a better alternative for application in the sequestration of CO2. The present review provides insight into several types of CAs, their distinctive characteristics, sources, and recent developments in CA immobilization strategies for application in CO2 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juned Ali
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shazia Faridi
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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21
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Beamer AW, Buss JA. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and CO 2 Reactivity of a Constitutionally Analogous Series of Tricopper Mono-, Di-, and Trihydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37276588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of hydrides at heterogeneous copper surfaces results in dramatic structural and reactivity changes, yet the morphologies of these materials and their respective roles in catalysis are not well understood. Of particular interest is the reactivity of heterogeneous copper hydrides with carbon dioxide (CO2), an early mechanistic branching point in the CO2 reduction reaction. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of tricopper compounds supported by a facially biased, chelating tris(carbene) ligand scaffold. This sterically bulky environment affords access to an isolable series of tricopper hydrides: [LCu3H]2+ (4), [LCu3H2]+ (3), and LCu3H3 (6). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and solution NMR spectroscopy studies reveal both geometric flexibility within the Cu3 core and fluxionality of hydride ligands across the Cu3 cluster, providing both atomically precise experimental analogues of static surface species and emulating dynamic ligand behavior proposed for surfaces. Electronic structure calculations serve as a predictor of hydricity, which was likewise benchmarked experimentally via both protonolysis and hydride abstraction reactions. Increased hydride number (and commensurately lower cluster charge) results in more hydridic complexes, with a thermodynamic hydricity range spanning >30 kcal/mol. These thermochemical studies serve as an accurate predictor of CO2 reactivity. Together, this Cu3Hx series exhibits the structure/reactivity relationships proposed for catalytically active copper surfaces, validating the application of carefully designed molecular clusters toward elucidating mechanisms in surface science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Beamer
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joshua A Buss
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Podrojková N, Oriňak A, Garcia-Verdugo E, Sans V, Zanatta M. On the role of multifunctional ionic liquids for the oxidative carboxylation of olefins with carbon dioxide. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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23
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Tobolovskaya Y, Medvedev JJ, Medvedeva XV, Mesbahuddin MS, Rodriguez NEN, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Klinkova A. The bovine carbonic anhydrase promoted dehydration of bicarbonate to CO2 for the electrochemical production of syngas. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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24
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Kim EH, Lee MH, Kim J, Ra EC, Lee JH, Lee JS. Synergy between single atoms and nanoclusters of Pd/g-C3N4 catalysts for efficient base-free CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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25
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Blue hydrogen production from natural gas reservoirs: A review of application and feasibility. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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26
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Sekerci‐Cetin M, Emek OB, Yildiz EE, Unlusu B. Diffusion coefficients and phase equilibria of carbon dioxide–ionic liquid,
1‐
butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][
PF
6
]) system. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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27
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Centi G, Perathoner S. The chemical engineering aspects of CO2 capture, combined with its utilisation. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Ali SA, Sadiq I, Ahmad T. Oxide based Heterostructured Photocatalysts for CO
2
Reduction and Hydrogen Generation. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Asim Ali
- Nanochemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Iqra Sadiq
- Nanochemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Tokeer Ahmad
- Nanochemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
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Xu D, Fu G, Li Z, Zhen W, Wang H, Liu M, Sun J, Zhang J, Yang L. Functional Regulation of ZnAl-LDHs and Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2: A DFT Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020738. [PMID: 36677796 PMCID: PMC9863086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering and heteroatom doping can significantly enhance the activity of zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxides (ZnAl-LDHs) in photocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuel. However, the in-depth understanding of the associated intrinsic mechanisms is limited. Herein, we systematically investigated Zn vacancies (VZn), oxygen vacancies (VO), and Cu doping on the geometry and electronic structure of ZnAl-LDH using density functional theory (DFT). We also revealed the related reaction mechanism. The results reveal the concerted roles of VO, VZn, and doped-Cu facilitate the formation of the unsaturated metal complexes (Znδ+-VO and Cuδ+-VO). They can localize the charge density distribution, function as new active centers, and form the intermediate band. Simultaneously, the intermediate band of functionalized ZnAl-LDHs narrows the band gap and lowers the band edge location. Therefore, it can broaden the absorption range of light and improve the selectivity of CO. Additionally, the unsaturated metal complex lowers the Gibbs free energy barrier for effective CO2 activation by bringing the d-band center level closer to the Fermi level. The work provided guidance for developing LDH photocatalysts with high activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcun Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gang Fu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | | | - Wenqing Zhen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Li Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Y.)
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30
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Qiu Y, Xie Z, Gao S, Cao H, Zhang S, Liu Q, Liu X, Luo J. Nitrogen Defects in Porous Carbons with Adjacent Silver Nanoclusters for Efficient CO
2
Reduction. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Zhongyuan Xie
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Sanshuang Gao
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Huanqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 Sichuan China
| | - Xijun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials School of Resource Environments and Materials Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
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31
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Suliman MH, Yamani ZH, Usman M. Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to C1 and C2 Liquid Products on Copper-Decorated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:47. [PMID: 36615959 PMCID: PMC9824042 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significant rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and its detrimental environmental effects, the electrochemical CO2 conversion to valuable liquid products has received great interest. In this work, the copper-melamine complex was used to synthesize copper-based electrocatalysts comprising copper nanoparticles decorating thin layers of nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (Cu/NC). The as-prepared electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM and investigated in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) to useful liquid products. The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction was carried out in two compartments of an electrochemical H-Cell, using 0.5 M potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) as an electrolyte; nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to analyze and quantify the liquid products. The electrode prepared at 700 °C (Cu/NC-700) exhibited the best dispersion for the copper nanoparticles on the carbon nanosheets (compared to Cu/NC-600 & Cu/NC-800), highest current density, highest electrochemical surface area, highest electrical conductivity, and excellent stability and faradic efficiency (FE) towards overall liquid products of 56.9% for formate and acetate at the potential of -0.8V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE).
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32
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Khan J, Sun Y, Han L. A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201013. [PMID: 36336653 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor-based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4 , HCOOH, and CH3 COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost-effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g-C3 N4 , the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g-C3 N4 -based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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33
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Das S, Zhang J, Chamberlain TW, Clarkson GJ, Walton RI. Nonredox CO 2 Fixation in Solvent-Free Conditions Using a Lewis Acid Metal–Organic Framework Constructed from a Sustainably Sourced Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18536-18544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, P. R. China
| | | | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Richard I. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K
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34
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Rusdan NA, Timmiati SN, Isahak WNRW, Yaakob Z, Lim KL, Khaidar D. Recent Application of Core-Shell Nanostructured Catalysts for CO 2 Thermocatalytic Conversion Processes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3877. [PMID: 36364653 PMCID: PMC9655136 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-intensive industries must deem carbon capture, utilization, and storage initiatives to mitigate rising CO2 concentration by 2050. A 45% national reduction in CO2 emissions has been projected by government to realize net zero carbon in 2030. CO2 utilization is the prominent solution to curb not only CO2 but other greenhouse gases, such as methane, on a large scale. For decades, thermocatalytic CO2 conversions into clean fuels and specialty chemicals through catalytic CO2 hydrogenation and CO2 reforming using green hydrogen and pure methane sources have been under scrutiny. However, these processes are still immature for industrial applications because of their thermodynamic and kinetic limitations caused by rapid catalyst deactivation due to fouling, sintering, and poisoning under harsh conditions. Therefore, a key research focus on thermocatalytic CO2 conversion is to develop high-performance and selective catalysts even at low temperatures while suppressing side reactions. Conventional catalysts suffer from a lack of precise structural control, which is detrimental toward selectivity, activity, and stability. Core-shell is a recently emerged nanomaterial that offers confinement effect to preserve multiple functionalities from sintering in CO2 conversions. Substantial progress has been achieved to implement core-shell in direct or indirect thermocatalytic CO2 reactions, such as methanation, methanol synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and dry reforming methane. However, cost-effective and simple synthesis methods and feasible mechanisms on core-shell catalysts remain to be developed. This review provides insights into recent works on core-shell catalysts for thermocatalytic CO2 conversion into syngas and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Afiqah Rusdan
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Univesiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahira Yaakob
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Univesiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kean Long Lim
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dalilah Khaidar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Univesiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Photocatalysis represents a promising technology that might alleviate the current environmental crisis. One of the most representative photocatalysts is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) due to its stability, cost-effectiveness, facile synthesis procedure, and absorption properties in visible light. Nevertheless, pristine g-C3N4 still exhibits low photoactivity due to the rapid recombination of photo-induced electron-hole (e−-h+) pairs. To solve this drawback, Z-scheme photocatalysts based on g-C3N4 are superior alternatives since these systems present the same band configuration but follow a different charge carrier recombination mechanism. To contextualize the topic, the main drawbacks of using g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst in environmental applications are mentioned in this review. Then, the basic concepts of the Z-scheme and the synthesis and characterization of the Z-scheme based on g-C3N4 are addressed to obtain novel systems with suitable photocatalytic activity in environmental applications (pollutant abatement, H2 production, and CO2 reduction). Focusing on the applications of the Z-scheme based on g-C3N4, the most representative examples of these systems are referred to, analyzed, and commented on in the main text. To conclude this review, an outlook of the future challenges and prospects of g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts is addressed.
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36
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Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion Using Anodic TiO2 Nanotube-CuxO Composites. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) is currently being actively studied by the global scientific community, since it has a number of properties that are important from a practical point of view. One of these properties is a large specific surface, which makes this material promising for use in photocatalysts, sensors, solar cells, etc. In this work, we prepared photocatalysts based on TiO2 nanotubes for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into energy-intensive hydrocarbon compounds. Efficient gas-phase CO2 conversion in the prepared single-walled TiO2 nanotube-CuxO composites was investigated. Parameters of defects (radicals) in composites were studied. Methanol and methane were detected during the CO2 photoreduction process. In single-walled TiO2 nanotubes, only Ti3+/oxygen vacancy defects were detected. The Cu2+ centers and O2− radicals were found in TiO2 nanotube-CuxO composites using the EPR technique. It has been established that copper oxide nanoparticles are present in the TiO2 nanotube-CuxO composites in the form of the CuO phase. A phase transformation of CuO to Cu2O takes place during illumination, as has been shown by EPR spectroscopy. It is shown that defects accumulate photoinduced charge carriers. The mechanism of methane and methanol formation is discussed. The results obtained are completely original and show high promise for the use of TiO2-CuxO nanotube composites as photocatalysts for CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuel precursors.
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Tezel E, Whitten A, Yarema G, Denecke R, McEwen JS, Nikolla E. Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 using Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells: Insights into Catalysis by Nonstoichiometric Mixed Metal Oxides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tezel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ariel Whitten
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Genevieve Yarema
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Reinhard Denecke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Sabin McEwen
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Eranda Nikolla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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38
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Poon KC, Wan WY, Su H, Sato H. A review on recent advances in the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to CO with nano-electrocatalysts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22703-22721. [PMID: 36105973 PMCID: PMC9376860 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction (ECR) of CO2 is a powerful strategy to reduce the world's carbon footprint by converting CO2 to useful products such as CH3OH and CO. Recent techno-economic analysis has found that for the electro-conversion of CO2 to be adapted for practical use, the main products formed from this reaction need to be low-order, such as CO. This review summarizes recent progress in the ECR of CO2 to CO on nano-electrocatalysts (noble, non-noble metals and carbon nanomaterials) and provides the limitations and challenges that each electrocatalyst faces. It discusses the mechanism behind the performance of the electrocatalysts and offers the potential future prospects of the ECR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Chun Poon
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
| | - Wei Yang Wan
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798
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Insights into the Capture of CO2 by Nickel Hydride Complexes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a desired feedstock for sustainable energy source and for chemical synthesis, the capture and utilization of CO2 have attracted chemists’ continuous efforts. The homogeneous CO2 insertion into a nickel hydride complex to generate formate provides insight into the role of hydrogen as an active hydride form in the hydrogenation of CO2, which serves as a practicable approach for CO2 utilization. To parameterize the activities and to model the structure–activity relationship in the CO2 insertion into nickel hydride, the comprehensive mechanism of CO2 insertion into a series of square planar transition metal hydride (TM–H, TM = Ni, Pd, and Co) complexes was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) computations. The stepwise pathway with the TM-(H)-formate intermediate for the CO2 insertion into all seven square planar transition metal hydride (TM–H) complexes was observed. The overall rate-determining step (RDS) was the nucleophilic attraction of the terminal O atom on the Ni center in Ni-(H)-formate to form Ni-(O)-(exo)formate. The charge of the Ni atom in the axially vacant [Ni]+ complex was demonstrated as the dominant factor in CO2 insertion, which had an excellent linear correction (R2 = 0.967) with the Gibbs barrier (ΔG‡) of the RDS. The parameterized activities and modeled structure–activity relationship provided here light the way to the design of a more efficient Ni–H complex in the capture and utilization of CO2.
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40
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A practical method for gas changing time estimation using a simple gas-liquid mass transfer model. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 200:106544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Zhang H, Wang X, Liu P. Reaction-driven selective CO 2 hydrogenation to formic acid on Pd(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16997-17003. [PMID: 35730189 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of CO2 to useful fuels and chemicals has gained great attention in the past decades; yet the challenge persists due to the inert nature of CO2 and the wide range of products formed. Pd-based catalysts are extensively studied to facilitate CO2 hydrogenation to methanol via a reverse water gas shift (rWGS) pathway or formate pathway where formic acid may serve as an intermediate species. Here, we report the selective production of formic acid on the stable Pd(111) surface phase under CO2 hydrogenation conditions, which is fully covered by chemisorbed hydrogen, using combined Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. The results show that with the full coverage of hydrogen, instead of producing methanol as reported for Pd(111), the CO2 activation is highly selective to formic acid via a multi-step process involving the carboxyl intermediate. The high formic acid selectivity is associated with surface hydrogen species on Pd(111), which not only acts as a hydrogen reservoir to facilitate the hydrogenation steps, but also enables the formation of confined vacancy sites to facilitate the production and removal of formic acid. Our study highlights the importance of reactive environments, which can transform the surface structures and thus tune the activity/selectivity of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. .,Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Effects of Promoter’s Composition on the Physicochemical Properties of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-ZrO2 Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu/ZnO catalysts were synthesized via an impregnation method on an Al2O3-ZrO2 support and modified by the addition of manganese and niobium as promoters. The effect of the selected promoters on the physicochemical properties and performance toward the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol are presented in this paper. The Mn and Nb promoters improved the reducibility of the catalyst as evidenced by the shifting of the H2-TPR peaks from 315 °C for the un-promoted catalyst to 284 °C for the Mn- and Nb-promoted catalyst. The catalytic performance in a CO2 hydrogenation reaction was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor system at 22.5 bar and 250 °C for 5 h. Amongst the catalysts investigated, the catalyst with equal ratio of Mn and Nb promoters exhibited the smallest particle size of 6.7 nm and highest amount of medium-strength basic sites (87 µmol/g), which resulted in the highest CO2 conversion (15.9%) and methanol selectivity (68.8%).
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43
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Wei D, Sang R, Moazezbarabadi A, Junge H, Beller M. Homogeneous Carbon Capture and Catalytic Hydrogenation: Toward a Chemical Hydrogen Battery System. JACS AU 2022; 2:1020-1031. [PMID: 35647600 PMCID: PMC9131476 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of CO2 capture and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation to C1 products are discussed and evaluated in this Perspective. Such processes can become a crucial part of a more sustainable energy economy in the future. The individual steps of this catalytic carbon capture and usage (CCU) approach also provide the basis for chemical hydrogen batteries. Here, specifically the reversible CO2/formic acid (or bicarbonate/formate salts) system is presented, and the utilized catalysts are discussed.
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Copper(II) invigorated EHU-30 for continuous electroreduction of CO 2 into value-added chemicals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8505. [PMID: 35595765 PMCID: PMC9123010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The doping of zirconium based EHU-30 and EHU-30-NH2 metal-organic frameworks with copper(II) yielded a homogeneous distribution of the dopant with a copper/zirconium ratio of 0.04-0.05. The doping mechanism is analysed by chemical analysis, microstructural analysis and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron total scattering data in order to get deeper insight into the local structure. According to these data, the Cu(II) atoms are assembled within the secondary building unit by a transmetalation reaction, contrarily to UiO-66 series in which the post-synthetic metalation of the MOF takes place through chemical anchorage. The resulting materials doubled the overall performance of the parent compounds for the CO2 electroreduction, while retained stable the performance during continuous transformation reaction.
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Baalbaki HA, Shu J, Nyamayaro K, Jung HJ, Mehrkhodavandi P. Thermally stable zinc hydride catalyst for hydrosilylation of CO 2 to silyl formate at atmospheric pressure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6192-6195. [PMID: 35506769 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral zinc complexes supported by H[PNNO], a diaminophenolate ligand bearing a pendant phosphine group, were synthesized and characterized. The phosphine arm adopts two different configurations in solution and prevents aggregation. The monomeric zinc hydride complex is stable at elevated temperatures up to 125 °C and reacts readily with CO2 to afford a zinc formate complex. The zinc hydride is active for CO2 hydrosilylation at atmospheric CO2 pressure and is selective for CO2 reduction to the silyl-formate product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Baalbaki
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Julia Shu
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Hyuk-Joon Jung
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Hussain N, Ali Abdelkareem M, Alawadhi H, Elsaid K, Olabi AG. Synthesis of Cu-g-C3N4/MoS2 composite as a catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction to alcohols. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiang Q, Guo M. Network Structure Engineering of Organosilica Membranes for Enhanced CO2 Capture Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050470. [PMID: 35629796 PMCID: PMC9143424 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The membrane separation process for targeted CO2 capture application has attracted much attention due to the significant advantages of saving energy and reducing consumption. High-performance separation membranes are a key factor in the membrane separation system. In the present study, we conducted a detailed examination of the effect of calcination temperatures on the network structures of organosilica membranes. Bis(triethoxysilyl)acetylene (BTESA) was selected as a precursor for membrane fabrication via the sol-gel strategy. Calcination temperatures affected the silanol density and the membrane pore size, which was evidenced by the characterization of FT-IR, TG, N2 sorption, and molecular size dependent gas permeance. BTESA membrane fabricated at 500 °C showed a loose structure attributed to the decomposed acetylene bridges and featured an ultrahigh CO2 permeance around 15,531 GPU, but low CO2/N2 selectivity of 3.8. BTESA membrane calcined at 100 °C exhibited satisfactory CO2 permeance of 3434 GPU and the CO2/N2 selectivity of 22, displaying great potential for practical CO2 capture application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Jiang
- Wuxi Ginkgo Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., Heqiao Town, Yixing, Wuxi 214216, China;
| | - Meng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Correspondence:
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Sun W, Zheng L, Wang Y, Jia W, Guo W, Liu Z, Ding X, Wu L, Fang T. Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol in dual supercritical phases over YxFe1−xO catalysts. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ghodke SR, Thundiyil S, Dongapure P, Nandini Devi R. Effect of B site substitution in Gd2B2-xNiyO7-δ (B= Ti, Zr) ternary metal oxide catalysts in dry reforming of methane. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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