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Singh P, Mishra N. Exploration of a Psychological Defensive Syndrome Against Depressive Symptomatology in a Community Sample of Indian Women. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2237-2265. [PMID: 35466799 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221092657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptomatology in Indian women and the associated treatment gap are alarming and require interventions at a community level. Such interventions may succeed if the specific risk and protective factors are appropriately identified and addressed. Identifying such factors may suggest a Psychological Defensive Syndrome (PDS) against depressive symptomatology, and inculcating this PDS through specific interventions may help individuals manage depressive symptomatology. For evaluating the feasibility of such an idea, a two-phase research project was initiated, and the current paper presents findings of its first phase. The primary aim of the first phase was to explore the predictive relationship between depressive symptomatology and rumination, reappraisal, resilience, self-efficacy, neuroticism, and extraversion. A total of 671 women (Mage = 23.71) responded to standardized questionnaires in a semi-structured interview setting. The obtained data were subjected to correlational, regression, and path analysis. The findings support all the hypotheses; women, who reported less engagement in rumination and more in reappraisal, who scored low on neuroticism and high on extraversion, resilience and self-efficacy, showed less severe depressive symptoms than their counterparts. This pattern can be thought of as a PDS against depressive symptoms in Indian women. These results highlight the importance of addressing these factors in preventing and assuaging depressive symptomatology in Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parwinder Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Navneet Mishra
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
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Malandrone F, Catalano A, Carfì F, Gentili C, Bianchi S, Oliva F, Ricceri F, Ostacoli L, Kesebir P, Davidson RJ, Carletto S. Psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278715. [PMID: 36459526 PMCID: PMC9718396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional styles concern the ways in which individuals adapt and respond to the world and can be defined using six dimensions: outlook, resilience, social intuition, self-awareness, sensitivity to context and attention. The Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ) assesses how people vary across the dimensions and gauges an individual's overall level of emotional health. An Italian version of the ESQ (ESQ-ITA) could favour the understanding of cultural characteristics concerning emotions and personality within the Italian population, with both clinical and social implications. The aim of the present study is to validate the ESQ in the Italian language and to assess its psychometric properties. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha estimates, and by estimating the Spearman's rank correlation Study 2 examined construct validity and internal consistency through the CFA and Cronbach's alpha estimates and investigated criterion validity by correlating the ESQ-ITA dimensions with the corresponding scales or subscales used for the validation estimating, again, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Study 2 also examined the criterion validity of the validated scales and the ESQ-ITA overall score to assess its suitability as an indicator of emotional health. ESQ-ITA was confirmed to be reliable and stable. The correlation between the ESQ-ITA overall score and the other scales and questionnaires supports the use of ESQ-ITA to measure emotional health. The Italian version of the ESQ opens up the possibility to enrich the research landscape with new knowledge that will be useful for advancing the pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of psychological distress and emotional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Carfì
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Ostacoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pelin Kesebir
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Dominguez-Cancino KA, Calderon-Maldonado FL, Choque-Medrano E, Bravo-Tare CE, Palmieri PA. Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale for South America (CD-RISC-25 SA) in Peruvian Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1689. [PMID: 36360417 PMCID: PMC9688849 DOI: 10.3390/children9111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Resilience describes the ability of someone to adapt to adverse life experiences by adjusting to demands with behavioral flexibility. When encountering crisis situations, resilient people typically spring back emotionally with increased strength and internal composure. Measuring resilience is important for assessing the ability of adolescents to respond to adverse situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric performance of the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) © for South America (CD-RISC-25SA) in a population of vulnerable Peruvian adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional design to measure sociodemographic variables and resilience. Participants were 451 adolescents living in a shelter in Lima, Perú. Face and content validity were established by expert panel, construct validity was evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. The analysis resulted in a four-dimensional model with 22 items explaining almost 27% of the variance with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90. The dimensions included self-confidence and self-trust from previous experiences, internal resources to cope with difficult situations, personal competence and tenacity, and self-regulation with external resources. Two of the 3 items eliminated from the instrument were related to the original dimension "spirituality influences" which may have been incorrectly translated and adapted without equivalence of meaning for cross-cultural research. The CD-RISC-25SA is not a stable multidimensional instrument for measuring resilience across the cultures and contexts of countries. However, the instrument appears to be stable for measuring resilience as a single dimension. For measuring resilience in the context of Peru, a four-dimensional model with 22 items was validated. Variations in the psychometric properties of translated instruments may result from not establishing the equivalence of meaning for each item before performing cross-cultural research. Researchers need to search for a more precise understanding of resilience as a universal concept transferable across borders and through translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Dominguez-Cancino
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Calle Cartavio 406, Lima 15023, Peru
- Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Científica del Sur, Ctra. Panamericana S. 19, Villa EL Salvador 15067, Peru
- Addiction Study Program, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Bureau 200, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Francisca L. Calderon-Maldonado
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Calle Cartavio 406, Lima 15023, Peru
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Universidad Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Edith Choque-Medrano
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Calle Cartavio 406, Lima 15023, Peru
- Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Av. Arequipa 444, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Carola E. Bravo-Tare
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Calle Cartavio 406, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Patrick A. Palmieri
- EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Calle Cartavio 406, Lima 15023, Peru
- South American Center for Qualitative Research, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Av. Arequipa 444, Lima 15046, Peru
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A. T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson Street, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
- Center for Global Nursing, Texas Woman’s University, 6700 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Naegeli Costa C. Spoken resilience: Documenting lived experience of neurodiversity and thriving despite disease. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20597991221130023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This speech details my lived experience and coping strategies of a psychologist and academic diagnosed with a brain tumor. As an educator and researcher studying well-being and resilience, I summarize my experience of living through adversity and draws on the research that helped me do so. I specifically reflect on the literature of gratitude and well-being to take oppose the “fight” narrative presented at the forefront of the diagnosis. This speech script offers insight into this lived experience and calls for written speech to be utilized as a method of inquiry. Insights for healthcare practitioners and providers in navigating patient experience are discussed.
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Tavana M, Nazari-Shirkouhi S, Mashayekhi A, Mousakhani S. An Integrated Data Mining Framework for Organizational Resilience Assessment and Quality Management Optimization in Trauma Centers. OPERATIONS RESEARCH FORUM 2022. [PMCID: PMC8885780 DOI: 10.1007/s43069-022-00132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Every second counts for patients with life-threatening injuries, and trauma centers deliver timely emergency care to patients with traumatic injuries. Quality assessment and improvement are some of the most fundamental concerns in trauma centers. In this study, a comprehensive organizational resilience approach is proposed to evaluate performance in trauma centers using the European Foundation for Quality Management as a fundamental and strategic approach. We propose a unique intelligent algorithm composed of parametric and non-parametric statistical methods to determine the type and the extent of influence within the organizational resilience and quality management perspectives. We use structural equation modeling to examine the reliability and validity of the input data. The efficiency of each trauma center is then measured using a machine learning method with genetic programming, support vector regression, and Gaussian process regression. The mean absolute percentage error is used to determine the optimal model, and a fuzzy data envelopment analysis model is used to verify and validate the results obtained from the optimal model. The results show that customer results, human capital results, and key performance results have the highest importance weights and positive influence on quality management. Cognitive resources, roles and responsibilities, and self-organization have the highest importance weights and positive influence on organizational resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Tavana
- Business Systems and Analytics Department, Distinguished Chair of Business Analytics, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA
- Business Information Systems Department, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Salman Nazari-Shirkouhi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mashayekhi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mousakhani
- School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Pijnenburg LJ, de Haan L, Smith L, Rabinowitz J, Levine SZ, Reichenberg A, Velthorst E. Early predictors of mental health in mid-adulthood. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:158-166. [PMID: 31943798 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Substantial research has focused on the examination of factors that contribute to the development of psychiatric problems. However, much less is known about factors early in life that may protect from poor mental health outcomes in midlife. This study aimed to identify the extent to which a set of key perinatal demographic variables and adolescent academic performance were associated with good mental health in mid-adulthood. METHODS In a sample of 525 individuals (aged 34-44, 55.4% male) born and raised in Jerusalem, Israel (STREAM study) we attempted to differentiate those who did and did not report psychiatric symptoms in mid-adulthood. Using χ2 and regression analysis, we explored birth factors (year of birth, sex, birth weight, and number of older siblings, data on parental immigration and socioeconomic status), academic achievement in eighth grade and contemporaneous measures of lifestyle factors, personality traits, and perceived resilience. RESULTS Participants with good mental health were more often male (P = .005) and had better academic performance already at adolescence than participants who reported psychiatric symptoms in midlife (P < .001). They reported fewer physical complaints (P = .008), were less likely to smoke (P = .001) and considered themselves to be more "resilient" (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that better academic performance in adolescence may be associated with better stress-coping strategies, resulting in fewer psychiatric complaints, more perceived resilience, and less stress-related behaviours in mid-adulthood. Future studies confirming this hypothesis could inform public mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Pijnenburg
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Stephen Z Levine
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Liu M, Mejia-Lancheros C, Lachaud J, Nisenbaum R, Stergiopoulos V, Hwang SW. Resilience and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Associations With Poor Mental Health Among Homeless Adults. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:807-816. [PMID: 32147372 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse childhood experiences are known risk factors for a range of social, economic, and health-related outcomes over the life course. Resilience is a known protective factor. This study examines the associations of adverse childhood experiences and resilience with poor mental health outcomes among homeless adults with mental illness. METHODS This study utilized data from 565 homeless adults with mental illness participating in a Housing First intervention in Toronto (2009-2013) to evaluate their sociodemographic characteristics, adverse childhood experience exposure, resilience, and mental health outcomes. Descriptive statistics were generated, and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of total adverse childhood experience score and resilience with poor mental health outcomes. Analyses were conducted in 2019. RESULTS The average total adverse childhood experience score was 4.1 (SD=2.8) among all study participants. Individuals with a lifetime duration of homelessness exceeding 36 months (p=0.011) had higher mean scores. Total score was positively associated with several mental illness diagnoses and psychopathology severity, indicated by co-occurring mental illness diagnoses (AOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.13, 1.33) and high Colorado Symptom Index scores (AOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.14, 1.38). Resilience served as a protective factor against several individual mental illness diagnoses, co-occurring mental illness diagnoses (AOR=0.85, 95% CI=0.76, 0.95), and high Colorado Symptom Index scores (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.61, 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their negative impact on homeless adults with mental illness. Resilience protects against adverse childhood experience-associated poor mental health outcomes, thereby serving as a potential interventional target in homeless populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cilia Mejia-Lancheros
- MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Lachaud
- MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosane Nisenbaum
- MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky Stergiopoulos
- MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Hwang
- MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Psychological Quality of Life in People with Physical Disability: The Effect of Internalized Stigma, Collective Action and Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051802. [PMID: 32164278 PMCID: PMC7084512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to examine the role of social identification, collective action and resilience in reducing the negative consequences of internalized stigma on the psychological quality of life of people with physical disability using path analysis. We propose a model with two paths: the first through social identification and collective action and the second via resilience. METHOD A total of 288 Spanish people with physical disability aged between 18 and 82 years (46.4% males; mean [SD] of age = 45.1 [12.3] responded to the questionnaire. Data were collected for three months through an online survey. RESULTS The tested model adequately fit the data. We found that the relationship between internalized stigma and the psychological quality of life of people with physical disability was mediated by resilience. However, neither social identification nor collective action mediated the association between internalized stigma and quality of life among our participants. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed the negative association between internalized stigma and quality of life in the population with physical disability. The results show that some interactive processes, such as resilience, may contribute to decreasing the negative effects of internalized stigma. In contrast, no effects of identification with the group or collective action intention were found.
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McGrath LB, Kovacs AH. Psychological resilience: Significance for pediatric and adult congenital cardiology. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2019.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pathike W, O'Brien AP, Hunter S. Moving on from adversity: an understanding of resilience in rural Thai older people. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:311-318. [PMID: 29227159 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1411883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the concept of resilience in rural Thai older people. METHOD The study was exploratory and descriptive in design. Ethnographic fieldwork was undertaken in four rural Thai communities. Non-participant observation (340 h) and 35 semi-structured interviews with older people enabled the collection of qualitative data. Nvivo 10 was used to collate and organise the qualitative data. Data analysis was conducted thematically. RESULTS One major core theme and five qualitative sub-themes emerged from the data related to the theoretical construct of rural Thai elders' resilience. The subthemes of the core theme 'moving on' include: (1) keep doing a job and earning a living; (2) having Jai-Yai to fight for life; (3) accepting a situation (Plong and Taam-Jai); (4) expressing difficulty; and (5) connecting with people, beliefs and customs. CONCLUSION The concept of 'moving on' provides a subcultural viewpoint of older rural Thai people in the face of adversity in their everyday lives. Previous conceptions of resilience and older people focus on it being bouncing back from adversity. Bouncing back implies a setback, whereas 'moving on' found in this study is the process of continuous movement forward and getting on with one's life despite difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilaiwan Pathike
- a Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Srinakharinwirot University , Ongkharak , Nakhonnayok , Thailand
| | - Anthony Paul O'Brien
- b School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia
| | - Sharyn Hunter
- c School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia
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de Araújo LF, Teva I, Quero JH, Reyes AO, de la Paz Bermúdez M. Analysis of resilience and sexual behavior in persons with HIV infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 30:21. [PMID: 32026123 PMCID: PMC6974345 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-017-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate ex post facto resilience in persons with HIV infection and its relationship to socio-demographic and sexual behavior variables. Participants included 159 persons with HIV infection, of both sexes, aged between 19 and 55 years. Fifty-one percent of patients were infected through homosexual means. Sixty-seven percent were in the asymptomatic phase of infection. Assessment instruments used were the following: a questionnaire on socio-demographic data and sexual behavior and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The evaluation was individual, voluntary, and anonymous. The results showed that 49.05% of patients had average resilience, 27.68% had high resilience, and 23.37% had low resilience. They found that heterosexual patients infected with HIV, diagnosed between 1985 and 1990 (23 and 28 years of diagnosis) and those who had disclosed their HIV status to more than 30 people, had greater resilience than homosexual patients, diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 (13 and 17 years of diagnosis) and those who had disclosed their HIV status to 1–5 people. Finally, resilience was not a predictor of sexual risk factor. It is suggested that health interventions take into account the resilience and psychological variables that may be beneficial to improve coping with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludgleydson Fernandes de Araújo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Inmaculada Teva
- Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Hernández Quero
- Faculty of Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortega Reyes
- Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María de la Paz Bermúdez
- Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ebersöhn L, Nel M, Loots T. Analysing risk and resilience in the first sand tray of youth at a rural school. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hussen SA, Harper GW, Rodgers CRR, van den Berg JJ, Dowshen N, Hightow-Weidman LB. Cognitive and Behavioral Resilience Among Young Gay and Bisexual Men Living with HIV. LGBT Health 2017; 4:275-282. [PMID: 29792564 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (Y-GBMSM). Resilience remains understudied among Y-GBMSM living with HIV, but represents a potentially important framework for improving HIV-related outcomes in this population. We sought to explore cognitive and behavioral dimensions of resilience and their correlates among Y-GBMSM to gain insights to inform future interventions. METHODS Our study sample consisted of 200 Y-GBMSM living with HIV enrolled in a multisite study of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN). Participants completed a one-time, self-administered structured questionnaire, including validated scales capturing a range of cognitive, behavioral, demographic, and psychosocial data. Utilizing these data, we examined cognitive and behavioral dimensions of resilience and their potential psychosocial correlates using linear regression modeling. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that education, stigma, social support, ethnic identity, internalized homonegativity, and behavioral resilience were statistically significant predictors of cognitive resilience (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.678). Social support satisfaction and cognitive resilience were significant predictors of behavioral resilience (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.141). CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to potential strategies for incorporating resilience-promoting features into future interventions to support Y-GBMSM living with HIV. Specifically, strengths-based interventions in this population should seek to enhance social support, promote positive identity development, and encourage education. Future research can also seek to utilize and refine our measures of resilience among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Hussen
- 1 Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gary W Harper
- 3 Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caryn R R Rodgers
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
| | - Jacob J van den Berg
- 5 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nadia Dowshen
- 6 Department of Pediatrics, Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa B Hightow-Weidman
- 7 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Rivas-Drake D, Stein GL. Multicultural Developmental Experiences: Implications for Resilience in Transitional Age Youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:271-281. [PMID: 28314455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transitional age youth were born into a world that is becomingly increasingly diverse. Youth who are ethnic or racial minorities encounter cultural stressors, including acculturative stress and discrimination that undermine their health and mental health. Decades of research demonstrate that cultural assets can serve as risk-reducing and resilience-enhancing mechanisms among minority and immigrant youth. Cultural assets include the development of a healthy ethnic-racial identity and maintenance of cultural values. Practitioners should assess for culturally relevant stressors and incorporate cultural assets such as ethnic-racial identity and cultural values to support the mental health of these youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rivas-Drake
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA.
| | - Gabriela Livas Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart Building, Greensboro, NC 27412-5001, USA
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Neils-Strunjas J, Paul D, Clark AN, Mudar R, Duff MC, Waldron-Perrine B, Bechtold KT. Role of resilience in the rehabilitation of adults with acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 2017; 31:131-139. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1229032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Neils-Strunjas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KT, USA
| | - Diane Paul
- American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Allison N. Clark
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine and Brain Injury Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raksha Mudar
- Department of Speech & Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Melissa C. Duff
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen T. Bechtold
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ebersöhn L, Eloff I, Finestone M, Grobler A, Moen M. Telling stories and adding scores: Measuring resilience in young children affected by maternal HIV and AIDS. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2015; 14:219-27. [PMID: 26291644 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2015.1052822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
"Telling stories and adding scores: Measuring resilience in young children affected by maternal HIV and AIDS", demonstrates how a concurrent mixed method design assisted cross-cultural comparison and ecological descriptions of resilience in young South African children, as well as validated alternative ways to measure resilience in young children. In a longitudinal randomised control trial, which investigated psychological resilience in mothers and children affected by HIV/AIDS, we combined a qualitative projective story-telling technique (Düss Fable) with quantitative data (Child Behaviour Checklist). The children mostly displayed adaptive resilience-related behaviours, although maladaptive behaviours were present. Participating children use internal (resolve/agency, positive future expectations, emotional intelligence) and external protective resources (material resources, positive institutions) to mediate adaptation. Children's maladaptive behaviours were exacerbated by internal (limited problem-solving skills, negative emotions) and external risk factors (chronic and cumulative adversity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel Ebersöhn
- a Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Irma Eloff
- a Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Michelle Finestone
- a Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Adri Grobler
- a Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Melanie Moen
- a Centre for the Study of Resilience and Department of Educational Psychology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
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Theron L. The support needs of South African educators affected by HIV and AIDS. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2015; 8:231-42. [PMID: 25875574 DOI: 10.2989/ajar.2009.8.2.11.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a qualitative study of 77 South African educators, participants were asked to explain how they are affected by HIV and AIDS and how they would best like to be supported in response to this. The term 'affected' refers to educators who have colleagues, learners or loved ones who are HIV-positive or who have died from HIV-related illnesses, or those who teach children orphaned by AIDS or learners who are vulnerable because of a parent's or caregiver's HIV status. Their responses endorse current theory regarding support for educators in the context of the epidemic, but their needs for support also include forms of 'ecosystemic compassion': that is, a longing for the school management, learners' parents, learners, and colleagues to have compassion for their HIV-related predicaments. Because the latter need was pronounced among those educators caring for an ill HIV-positive loved one, this study introduces the importance of researchers' and stakeholders' sensitivity to the possibility of differentiated support, according to how educators are affected by HIV. Many of the participants' calls for support were at odds with policyfacilitated demands on educators to function as pillars of support to vulnerable learners and communities in the age of HIV and AIDS. The findings provide a caveat with regard to educators who require support-notwithstanding the expectation that they function as ecosystemic agents of support. Finally, the educators' calls for support should be tempered by resilience theory, which suggests that while it is important to support HIV-affected educators, the choice of supports should not stymie educators' agency or discourage educators' active participation in the support process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Theron
- a School of Education Sciences, Faculty of Humanities , North-West University , Vaal Triangle Campus, PO Box 1174 , 1900 , Vanderbijlpark , South Africa
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Yuen WWY, Wong WCW, Tang CSK, Holroyd E, Tiwari AFY, Fong DYT, Chin WY. Evaluating the effectiveness of personal resilience and enrichment programme (PREP) for HIV prevention among female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:683. [PMID: 23886280 PMCID: PMC3733820 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex workers (FSWs) are often considered as the vector, if not reservoir, of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Building upon the existing evidence on the role of psychological health in sexual health, the aim of this protocol is to describe a trial investigating the effectiveness of the Personal Resilience and Enrichment Programme (PREP), a resilience-promoting intervention that targets at psychological well-being i.e. self-esteem, self-efficacy and coping, to facilitate adaptation and ultimately safe sexual practices among FSWs, which could be an innovative strategy in controlling the spread of these infections. METHODS A total of 132 FSWs will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or usual care (control) groups in a multi-centred randomised controlled trial. Based on the resilience framework, this intervention is comprised of six weekly sessions focused on the awareness, expression and management of emotions, identifying roles and personal strengths, and effective problem-solving skills. Complex intervention assessment on both intervention process and effectiveness will be adopted when the primary outcome reduction of sexual risk behaviour and other psychological outcomes include their perceived stress, self-esteem, self-efficacy, coping overall resilience, and psychological distress will be measured at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month post-intervention and differences assessed by ANOVA. The relationship of resilience factors, psychological health and HIV preventive behaviours will be evaluated using structural equation modelling. DISCUSSION It is anticipated that this study will increase our understanding of the relationships between individual resilience attributes, positive adaptation, psychological health and sexual health practices. If successful, this programme will provide an innovative direction for HIV prevention by applying the personal resilience factors to promote both psychological well-being and safe sex for this high risk population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-PRC-13003091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Wing-Yan Yuen
- Department of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 3/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, The University of Hong Kong, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Chi-Wai Wong
- Department of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 3/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, The University of Hong Kong, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine So-Kum Tang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block AS4, #02-07, 9 Arts Link, Kint Ridge 117570, Singapore
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- Asian and Gender Studies, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 30038, Australia
| | - Agnes Fung-Yee Tiwari
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Yee-Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weng Yee Chin
- Department of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 3/F., Ap Lei Chau Clinic, The University of Hong Kong, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, China
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Umemura T, Jacobvitz D, Messina S, Hazen N. Do toddlers prefer the primary caregiver or the parent with whom they feel more secure? The role of toddler emotion. Infant Behav Dev 2013; 36:102-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Montoya N, Restrepo A, Duque LF, Ungar M. Predicting resilient adolescents and youths: validation of a screening test in Colombia. ISSUES IN COMPREHENSIVE PEDIATRIC NURSING 2011; 34:167-88. [PMID: 22010624 DOI: 10.3109/01460862.2011.619400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents the validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-58 (CYRM-58) in the Colombian context and in Spanish language. METHODS CYRM-58 has 58 questions and was developed by an international team of researchers coordinated by the Resilience Research Centre (Dalhousie University, Canada). Simplified CYRM Colombia is a test that uses 7 questions of CYRM-58; for its validation we tested reproducibility in 22 persons aged 14 to 23 years. RESULTS We validated content and internal consistency in 39 resilients, 43 youth with deviant behaviors, and 66 controls matched by age and sex. We estimated internal consistency by non-parametric factorial analysis, and we assessed content validity by means of the Mann-Whitney test, bootstrap regression and logistic regression. The reproducibility was found to be in the range of 75-86%. Correlation between measurements was 75%. CONCLUSION The best predictive model or Simplified CYRM Colombia was found to have seven questions (sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 76%, power = 80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Montoya
- School of Public Health, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Ungar M. The social ecology of resilience: addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2011; 81:1-17. [PMID: 21219271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More than two decades after E. E. Werner and R. S. Smith (1982), N. Garmezy (1983), and M. Rutter (1987) published their research on protective mechanisms and processes that are most likely to foster resilience, ambiguity continues regarding how to define and operationalize positive development under adversity. This article argues that, because resilience occurs even when risk factors are plentiful, greater emphasis needs to be placed on the role social and physical ecologies play in positive developmental outcomes when individuals encounter significant amounts of stress. Four principles are presented as the basis for an ecological interpretation of the resilience construct: decentrality, complexity, atypicality, and cultural relativity. These 4 principles, and the research upon which they are based, inform a definition of resilience that emphasizes the environmental antecedents of positive growth. This framework can guide future theory development, research, and the design of interventions that promote well-being among populations who experience environments that inhibit resilience-promoting processes.
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Abstract
Although culture has long been recognized as having a significant impact on human development and its variations, many child and adolescent psychiatrists and mental health clinicians assume a universal nonvariance to normal development, with the risk of identifying variations as pathologic. This article reviews the conceptual basis for the role of culture in human development, particularly psychosocial and cognitive development, presents evidence and support from field observations of children in diverse cultures, and discusses the emerging evidence from the field of cultural neuroscience. Implications for these different perspectives on future research, childhood education, and even intercultural relations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres J Pumariega
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Temple Episcopal Campus, 100 East Lehigh Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19125, USA.
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Davydov DM, Stewart R, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I. Resilience and mental health. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 30:479-95. [PMID: 20395025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between disease and good health has received relatively little attention in mental health. Resilience can be viewed as a defence mechanism, which enables people to thrive in the face of adversity and improving resilience may be an important target for treatment and prophylaxis. Though resilience is a widely-used concept, studies vary substantially in their definition, and measurement. Above all, there is no common underlying theoretical construct to this very heterogeneous research which makes the evaluation and comparison of findings extremely difficult. Furthermore, the varying multi-disciplinary approaches preclude meta-analysis, so that clarification of research in this area must proceed firstly by conceptual unification. We attempt to collate and classify the available research around a multi-level biopsychosocial model, theoretically and semiotically comparable to that used in describing the complex chain of events related to host resistance in infectious disease. Using this underlying construct we attempt to reorganize current knowledge around a unitary concept in order to clarify and indicate potential intervention points for increasing resilience and positive mental health.
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