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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Romesberg A, Van Houten B. Targeting Mitochondrial Function with Chemoptogenetics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2459. [PMID: 36289721 PMCID: PMC9599259 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ATP-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is packaged within nucleoids and, due to its close proximity to ROS production, endures oxidative base damage. This damage can be repaired by base excision repair (BER) within the mitochondria, or it can be degraded via exonucleases or mitophagy. Persistent mtDNA damage may drive the production of dysfunctional OXPHOS components that generate increased ROS, or OXPHOS components may be directly damaged by ROS, which then can cause more mtDNA damage and create a vicious cycle of ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. If mtDNA damage is left unrepaired, mtDNA mutations including deletions can result. The accumulation of mtDNA mutations has been associated with conditions ranging from the aging process to cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, but the sequence of events leading to mtDNA mutations and deletions is yet unknown. Researchers have utilized many systems and agents for generating ROS in mitochondria to observe the downstream effects on mtDNA, ROS, and mitochondrial function; yet, there are various drawbacks to these methodologies that limit their precision. Here, we describe a novel chemoptogenetic approach to target oxidative damage to mitochondria and mtDNA with a high spatial and temporal resolution so that the downstream effects of ROS-induced damage can be measured with a high precision in order to better understand the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Romesberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Carlow University, 3333 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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3
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Gayraud F, Klußmann M, Neundorf I. Recent Advances and Trends in Chemical CPP-Drug Conjugation Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061591. [PMID: 33805680 PMCID: PMC7998868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in conjugation techniques for the synthesis of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)–drug conjugates targeting cancer cells. We will focus on small organic molecules as well as metal complexes that were used as cytostatic payloads. Moreover, two principle ways of coupling chemistry will be discussed direct conjugation as well as the use of bifunctional linkers. While direct conjugation of the drug to the CPP is still popular, the use of bifunctional linkers seems to gain increasing attention as it offers more advantages related to the linker chemistry. Thus, three main categories of linkers will be highlighted, forming either disulfide acid-sensitive or stimuli-sensitive bonds. All techniques will be thoroughly discussed by their pros and cons with the aim to help the reader in the choice of the optimal conjugation technique that might be used for the synthesis of a given CPP–drug conjugate
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4
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Wawi MJ, Bijoux A, Inguimbert N, Mahler C, Wagner S, Marder TB, Ribou AC. Peptide Vectors Carry Pyrene to Cell Organelles Allowing Real-Time Quantification of Free Radicals in Mitochondria by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1676-1685. [PMID: 33368947 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Real-time quantification of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (ROS) in cells is of paramount importance as they are essential for cellular functions. Their excessive formation contributes to the dysfunction of cells and organisms, ultimately leading to cell death. As ROS are mostly produced in the mitochondria, we have synthesized a fluorescent probe able to reach this organelle to detect and quantify, in real time, the variation of ROS by time-resolved microfluorimetry. The new probes are based on the long fluorescence lifetime of pyrene butyric acid (PBA). Two PBA isomers, attached at their 1- or 2-positions to a peptide vector to target mitochondria, were compared and were shown to allow the measurement of free radical species and oxygen, but not non-radical species such as H2 O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Jamal Wawi
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Bât. B, 52 avenue P. Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France.,ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane, Univ. Réunion, Maison de la télédétection, 500 rue Jean-François Breton, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Amandine Bijoux
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Bât. B, 52 avenue P. Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Nicolas Inguimbert
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Christoph Mahler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Cécile Ribou
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Bât. B, 52 avenue P. Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France.,ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane, Univ. Réunion, Maison de la télédétection, 500 rue Jean-François Breton, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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5
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Yamada Y, Hibino M, Sasaki D, Abe J, Harashima H. Power of mitochondrial drug delivery systems to produce innovative nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:187-209. [PMID: 32987095 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria carry out various essential functions including ATP production, the regulation of apoptosis and possess their own genome (mtDNA). Delivering target molecules to this organelle, it would make it possible to control the functions of cells and living organisms and would allow us to develop a better understanding of life. Given the fact that mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of human disorders, delivering therapeutic molecules to mitochondria for the treatment of these diseases is an important issue. To date, several mitochondrial drug delivery system (DDS) developments have been reported, but a generalized DDS leading to therapy that exclusively targets mitochondria has not been established. This review focuses on mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies including antioxidant therapy, cancer therapy, mitochondrial gene therapy and cell transplantation therapy based on mitochondrial DDS. A particular focus is on nanocarriers for mitochondrial delivery with the goal of achieving mitochondria-targeting therapy. We hope that this review will stimulate the accelerated development of mitochondrial DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Laboratory for Biological Drug Development Based on DDS Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Mitsue Hibino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Laboratory for Biological Drug Development Based on DDS Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Hau PM, Lung HL, Wu M, Tsang CM, Wong KL, Mak NK, Lo KW. Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:600. [PMID: 32528868 PMCID: PMC7247807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in regions in which it is endemic, including Southern China and Southeast Asia. The high mortality rates of NPC patients with advanced and recurrent disease highlight the urgent need for effective treatments. While recent genomic studies have revealed few druggable targets, the unique interaction between the EBV infection and host cells in NPC strongly implies that targeting EBV may be an efficient approach to cure this virus-associated cancer. Key features of EBV-associated NPC are the persistence of an episomal EBV genome and the requirement for multiple viral latent gene products to enable malignant transformation. Many translational studies have been conducted to exploit these unique features to develop pharmaceutical agents and therapeutic strategies that target EBV latent proteins and induce lytic reactivation in NPC. In particular, inhibitors of the EBV latent protein EBNA1 have been intensively explored, because of this protein's essential roles in maintaining EBV latency and viral genome replication in NPC cells. In addition, recent advances in chemical bioengineering are driving the development of therapeutic agents targeting the critical functional regions of EBNA1. Promising therapeutic effects of the resulting EBNA1-specific inhibitors have been shown in EBV-positive NPC tumors. The efficacy of multiple classes of EBV lytic inducers for NPC cytolytic therapy has also been long investigated. However, the lytic-induction efficiency of these compounds varies among different EBV-positive NPC models in a cell-context-dependent manner. In each tumor, NPC cells can evolve and acquire somatic changes to maintain EBV latency during cancer progression. Unfortunately, the poor understanding of the cellular mechanisms regulating EBV latency-to-lytic switching in NPC cells limits the clinical application of EBV cytolytic treatment. In this review, we discuss the potential approaches for improvement of the above-mentioned EBV-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pok Man Hau
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Wu
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nai Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Perli E, Pisano A, Pignataro MG, Campese AF, Pelullo M, Genovese I, de Turris V, Ghelli AM, Cerbelli B, Giordano C, Colotti G, Morea V, d'Amati G. Exogenous peptides are able to penetrate human cell and mitochondrial membranes, stabilize mitochondrial tRNA structures, and rescue severe mitochondrial defects. FASEB J 2020; 34:7675-7686. [PMID: 32304340 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903270r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) genes are responsible for a wide range of syndromes, for which no effective treatment is available. We previously reported that transfection of the nucleotide sequence encoding for the 16-residue β32_33 peptide from mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase ameliorates the cell phenotype caused by the mitochondrial tRNA mutations. In this work, we demonstrated that both the β32_33 peptide linked with the known (L)-Phe-(D)-Arg-(L)-Phe-(L)-Lys (FrFK) mitochondrial penetrating sequence and, strikingly, the β32_33 peptide per se, are able to penetrate both the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and exert the rescuing activity when exogenously administered to cells bearing the mutations m.3243A > G and m.8344A > G. These mutations are responsible for the most common and severe mt-tRNA-related diseases. In addition, we dissected the molecular determinants of constructs activity by showing that both the order of amino acids along the sequence and presence of positive charges are essential determinants of the peptide activity in cells and mt-tRNA structures stabilization in vitro. In view of future in vivo studies, this information may be required to design of β32_33 peptide-mimetic derivatives. The β32_33 and FrFK-β32_33 peptides are, therefore, promising molecules for the development of therapeutic agents against diseases caused by the mt-tRNA point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalinda Pisano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gemma Pignataro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pelullo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ghelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Morea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Repolês BM, Machado CR, Florentino PTV. DNA lesions and repair in trypanosomatids infection. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190163. [PMID: 32236391 PMCID: PMC7197992 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological processes such as bacterial, viral and parasitic infections can generate a plethora of responses such as, but not restricted to, oxidative stress that can be harmful to the host and the pathogen. This stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species produced and antioxidant factors produced in response to the infection. This imbalance can lead to DNA lesions in both infected cells as well as in the pathogen. The effects of the host response on the parasite lead to several kinds of DNA damage, causing alterations in the parasite's metabolism; the reaction and sensitivity of the parasite to these responses are related to the DNA metabolism and life cycle of each parasite. The present review will discuss the survival strategies developed by host cells and Trypanosoma cruzi, focusing on the DNA repair mechanisms of these organisms throughout infection including the relationship between DNA damage, stress response features, and the unique characteristics of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Repolês
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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9
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Ma D, Huang C, Zheng J, Zhou W, Tang J, Chen W, Li J, Yang R. Azoreductase-Responsive Nanoprobe for Hypoxia-Induced Mitophagy Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1360-1367. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Caixia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Shaoyang Environmental Protection Agency, Xuefeng South Road, Daxiang District, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Jianru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Weiju Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China
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10
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BÖHMOVÁ E, MACHOVÁ D, PECHAR M, POLA R, VENCLÍKOVÁ K, JANOUŠKOVÁ O, ETRYCH T. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: a Useful Tool for the Delivery of Various Cargoes Into Cells. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S267-S279. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating compounds are substances that enhance the cellular uptake of various molecular cargoes that do not easily cross the cellular membrane. The majority of cell-penetrating compounds described in the literature are cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This review summarizes the various structural types of cell-penetrating compounds, with the main focus on CPPs. The authors present a brief overview of the history of CPPs, discuss the various types of conjugation of CPPs to biologically active cargoes intended for cell internalization, examine the cell-entry mechanisms of CPPs, and report on the applications of CPPs in research and in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. BÖHMOVÁ
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Wisnovsky S, Sack T, Pagliarini DJ, Laposa RR, Kelley SO. DNA Polymerase θ Increases Mutational Rates in Mitochondrial DNA. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:900-908. [PMID: 29509408 PMCID: PMC5914477 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Replication and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for cellular function, yet few DNA polymerases are known to function in mitochondria. Here, we conclusively demonstrate that DNA polymerase θ (Polθ) localizes to mitochondria and explore whether this protein is overexpressed in patient-derived cells and tumors. Polθ appears to play an important role in facilitating mtDNA replication under conditions of oxidative stress, and this error-prone polymerase was found to introduce mutations into mtDNA. In patient-derived cells bearing a pathogenic mtDNA mutation, Polθ expression levels were increased, indicating that the oxidative conditions in these cells promote higher expression levels for Polθ. Heightened Polθ expression levels were also associated with elevated mtDNA mutation rates in a selected panel of human tumor tissues, suggesting that this protein can influence mutational frequencies in tumors. The results reported indicate that the mitochondrial function of Polθ may have relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wisnovsky
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tanja Sack
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Morgridge
Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Huang Y, Hu Z. UBIAD1 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced multiple subcellular organelles injury through PI3K/AKT pathway in N2A cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7480-7496. [PMID: 29663377 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury plays a significant role in the development of multi-subcellular organelles injury after ischemic stroke. UBIAD1 was discovered originally as a potential tumor suppressor protein. Recently, analysis of UBIAD1 has indicated it is a prenyltransferase enzyme for both non-mitochondrial CoQ10 and vitamin K2 production. Further, UBIAD1 has been localized to multiple subcellular organelles. Particularly, UBIAD1 plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and cell proliferation, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, which was closely associated with the cerebral ischemic/reperfusion mechanism. However, the mechanism underlying effects of UBIAD1 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of UBIAD1 on ischemia/reperfusion-induced multiple subcellular organelles injury in vitro, mouse N2A cells were subjected to a classical oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) insult. The expression of UBIAD1 was reduced in mouse N2A cells after OGD/R. UBIAD1 exhibits multi-subcellular organelles co-localization in N2a cells, including in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The over-expression of UBIAD1 significantly protects against OGD/R-induced cell death. UBIAD1 over-expression also attenuated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction and mediated the level of apoptosis-associated protein. Moreover, we observed that the over-expression of UBIAD1 ameliorated OGD/R-induced fragmentation and reduced the level of oxidative stress-related protein expression in both the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of UBIAD1 was correlated with the PI3K/AKT pathway, which was demonstrated using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and perifosion. Collectively, these findings identified that UBIAD1 protects against OGD/R-induced multiple subcellular organelles injury through PI3K/AKT Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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He H, Wang J, Wang H, Zhou N, Yang D, Green DR, Xu B. Enzymatic Cleavage of Branched Peptides for Targeting Mitochondria. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1215-1218. [PMID: 29328651 PMCID: PMC5842676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of the reported mitochondria-targeting molecules are lipophilic and cationic, and thus they may become cytotoxic with accumulation. Here we show enzymatic cleavage of branched peptides that carry negative charges for targeting mitochondria. Conjugating a well-established protein tag (i.e., FLAG-tag) to self-assembling motifs affords the precursors that form micelles. Enzymatic cleavage of the hydrophilic FLAG motif (DDDDK) by enterokinase (ENTK) turns the micelles to nanofibers. After being taken up by cells, the micelles, upon the action of intracellular ENTK, turn into nanofibers to locate mainly at mitochondria. The micelles of the precursors are able to deliver cargos (either small molecules or proteins) into cells, largely to mitochondria and within 2 h. Preventing ENTK proteolysis diminishes mitochondria targeting. As the first report of using enzymatic self-assembly for targeting mitochondria and delivery cargos to mitochondria, this work illustrates a fundamentally new way to target subcellular organelles for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Dongsik Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Douglas R. Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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14
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Jiang L, Lan R, Huang T, Chan CF, Li H, Lear S, Zong J, Wong WY, Muk-Lan Lee M, Dow Chan B, Chan WL, Lo WS, Mak NK, Li Lung M, Lok Lung H, Wah Tsao S, Taylor GS, Bian ZX, Tai WCS, Law GL, Wong WT, Cobb SL, Wong KL. EBNA1-targeted probe for the imaging and growth inhibition of tumours associated with the Epstein–Barr virus. Nat Biomed Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Lee LCC, Leung KK, Lo KKW. Recent development of luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes as cellular imaging reagents, anticancer drugs, and antibacterial agents. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16357-16380. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective summarizes recent advances in the biological applications of luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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16
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Xu W, Zeng Z, Jiang JH, Chang YT, Yuan L. Wahrnehmung der chemischen Prozesse in einzelnen Organellen mit niedermolekularen Fluoreszenzsonden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 Volksrepublik China
- Department of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapur
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, A*STAR; Singapur
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; USA
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 Volksrepublik China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 Volksrepublik China
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapur
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, A*STAR; Singapur
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 Volksrepublik China
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17
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Xu W, Zeng Z, Jiang JH, Chang YT, Yuan L. Discerning the Chemistry in Individual Organelles with Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13658-13699. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, A*STAR; Singapore
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; USA
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, A*STAR; Singapore
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
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18
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Wisnovsky S, Lei E, Jean S, Kelley S. Mitochondrial Chemical Biology: New Probes Elucidate the Secrets of the Powerhouse of the Cell. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:917-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Wisnovsky S, Jean SR, Liyanage S, Schimmer A, Kelley SO. Mitochondrial DNA repair and replication proteins revealed by targeted chemical probes. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:567-73. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Etzerodt M, Ogilby PR. Control of singlet oxygen production in experiments performed on single mammalian cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Feng K, Xie N, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Modular Design of Poly(norbornenes) for Organelle-Specific Imaging in Tumor Cells. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:538-45. [PMID: 26762279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Through modular ROMP (ring-opening metathesis polymerization) directly from monomeric norbornenes of bioactive peptides, rhodamine B chromophore, and PEG solubilizer, we designed and synthesized a series of water-soluble poly(norbornenes) with organelle-specific imaging capability in tumor cells. For the selection of FxrFxK, TAT, and SV40 peptide sequences, these fluorescence probes exhibited different targeting specificity toward mitochondria, lysosome, and nucleolus, respectively, based on the same poly(norbornene) backbonds. More importantly, the ROMP strategy enables selective combination from various monomers and allows programmable biofunctionalization via peptide sequence permutations, which would greatly extend the biomedical applications such as imaging, diagnosis, and therapy for these synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xie
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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22
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Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short, nontoxic peptides with cationic and/or amphipathic properties able to cross the cellular membrane. CPPs are used for the delivery of a wide variety of cargoes, such as proteins, oligonucleotides, and therapeutic molecules. The aim of the present study was to synthesize unusually small novel CPPs targeting mitochondria based on the Szeto-Schiller peptide (SS-31) to influence intramitochondrial processes and to improve the biologic effects. All the peptides used were synthesized manually using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chemistry. In the first part of the study, HeLa 705, U87, and bEnd.3 cells were used as in vitro delivery model. Cells were incubated for 24 h at 37°C and 5% CO2 with different concentrations of our peptides. Cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Biologic effects such as mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant activity were evaluated. H2O2 was used as positive control. Uptake studies were performed using peptides conjugated with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (FAM). Fluorescent microscopy was used to determine presence and localization of peptides into the cells. Isolated mitochondria from pretreated cells and mitochondria treated after isolation were used to confirm the targeting ability of the peptide. Uptake of FAM alone was used as negative control. Microscopy studies confirmed the ability of peptides to penetrate cell. Localization analysis showed increase in uptake by 35% compared with SS-31. Mitochondrial CPP 1 (mtCPP-1) had no effect on mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented reactive oxygen species formation in bEnd.3 cells by 2-fold compared with SS-31. No cytotoxicity was observed even at high concentration (100 µM). These data suggest that mtCPP-1 is a mitochondrial CPP and protect mitochondria from oxidative damage due to its own antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Pasquale Cerrato
- *Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pirisinu
- *Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Efstathios Nikolaos Vlachos
- *Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ülo Langel
- *Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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23
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Zhang X, Dong T, Li Q, Liu X, Li L, Chen S, Lei X. Second Generation TQ-Ligation for Cell Organelle Imaging. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1676-83. [PMID: 25901763 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal ligations play a crucial role in labeling diverse types of biomolecules in living systems. Herein, we describe a novel class of ortho-quinolinone quinone methide (oQQM) precursors that show a faster kinetic rate in the "click cycloaddition" with thio-vinyl ether (TV) than the first generation TQ-ligation in both chemical and biological settings. We further demonstrate that the second generation TQ-ligation is also orthogonal to the widely used strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) both in vitro and in vivo, revealing that these two types of bioorthogonal ligations could be used as an ideal reaction pair for the simultaneous tracking of multiple elements within a single system. Remarkably, the second generation TQ-ligation and SPAAC are effective for selective and simultaneous imaging of two different cell organelles in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Cheong TC, Shin EP, Kwon EK, Choi JH, Wang KK, Sharma P, Choi KH, Lim JM, Kim HG, Oh K, Jeon JH, So I, Kim IG, Choi MS, Kim YK, Seong SY, Kim YR, Cho NH. Functional manipulation of dendritic cells by photoswitchable generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:757-65. [PMID: 25458073 DOI: 10.1021/cb5009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling as second messengers. However, studying the role of ROS in physiological redox signaling has been hampered by technical difficulties in controlling their generation within cells. Here, we utilize two inert components, a photosensitizer and light, to finely manipulate the generation of intracellular ROS and examine their specific role in activating dendritic cells (DCs). Photoswitchable generation of intracellular ROS rapidly induced cytosolic mobilization of Ca(2+), differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Moreover, a transient intracellular ROS surge could activate immature DCs to mature and potently enhance migration in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we observed that intracellular ROS-stimulated DCs enhanced antigen specific T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, which led to delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice when immunized with a specific tumor antigen. Therefore, a transient intracellular ROS surge alone, if properly manipulated, can cause immature DCs to differentiate into a motile state and mature forms that are sufficient to initiate adaptive T cell responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eon Pil Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kang-Kyun Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyong Hoon Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Muk Lim
- Biomedical
Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Dental Research Institute and Institute
of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gee Kim
- Biomedical
Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Dental Research Institute and Institute
of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Young Keun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong-Rok Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Minoshima M, Matsumoto T, Kikuchi K. Development of a Fluorogenic Probe Based on a DNA Staining Dye for Continuous Monitoring of the Histone Deacetylase Reaction. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7925-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501881s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Institute for Academic
Initiatives, and §Immunology Frontier
Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Institute for Academic
Initiatives, and §Immunology Frontier
Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Institute for Academic
Initiatives, and §Immunology Frontier
Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Rin Jean S, Tulumello DV, Wisnovsky SP, Lei EK, Pereira MP, Kelley SO. Molecular vehicles for mitochondrial chemical biology and drug delivery. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:323-33. [PMID: 24410267 DOI: 10.1021/cb400821p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria within human cells play a major role in a variety of critical processes involved in cell survival and death. An understanding of mitochondrial involvement in various human diseases has generated an appreciable amount of interest in exploring this organelle as a potential drug target. As a result, a number of strategies to probe and combat mitochondria-associated diseases have emerged. Access to mitochondria-specific delivery vectors has allowed the study of biological processes within this intracellular compartment with a heightened level of specificity. In this review, we summarize the features of existing delivery vectors developed for targeting probes and therapeutics to this highly impermeable organelle. We also discuss the major applications of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive molecules, which include the detection and treatment of oxidative damage, combating bacterial infections, and the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer. Future directions include the assessment of the therapeutic benefit achieved by mitochondrial targeting for treatment of disease in vivo. In addition, the availability of mitochondria-specific chemical probes will allow the elucidation of the details of biological processes that occur within this cellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Rin Jean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David V. Tulumello
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon P. Wisnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric K. Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark P. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Condello M, Caraglia M, Castellano M, Arancia G, Meschini S. Structural and functional alterations of cellular components as revealed by electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:1057-69. [PMID: 23913635 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are two fundamental microscopic techniques widely applied in biological research for the study of ultrastructural cell components. With these methods, especially TEM, it is possible to detect and quantify the morphological and ultrastructural parameters of intracellular organelles (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton, nucleus, etc.) in normal and pathological conditions. The study of intracellular vesicle compartmentalization is raising even more interest in the light of the importance of intracellular localization of mediators of the signaling in eliciting different biological responses. The study of the morphology of some intracellular organelles can supply information on the bio-energetic status of the cells. TEM has also a pivotal role in the determination of different types of programmed cell death. In fact, the visualization of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes is essential to determine the occurrence of autophagy (and also to discriminate micro-autophagy from macro-autophagy), while the presence of fragmented nuclei and surface blebbing is characteristic of apoptosis. SEM is particularly useful for the study of the morphological features of the cells and, therefore, can shed light, for instance, on cell-cell interactions. After a brief introduction on the basic principles of the main electron microscopy methods, the article describes some cell components with the aim to demonstrate the huge role of the ultrastructural analysis played in the knowledge of the relationship between function and structure of the biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Condello
- Department of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy; Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
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28
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Distelmaier F, Valsecchi F, Forkink M, van Emst-de Vries S, Swarts HG, Rodenburg RJT, Verwiel ETP, Smeitink JAM, Willems PHGM, Koopman WJH. Trolox-sensitive reactive oxygen species regulate mitochondrial morphology, oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium handling in healthy cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1657-69. [PMID: 22559215 PMCID: PMC3474189 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cell regulation by signaling reactive oxygen species (sROS) is often incorrectly studied through extracellular oxidant addition. Here, we used the membrane-permeable antioxidant Trolox to examine the role of sROS in mitochondrial morphology, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) handling in healthy human skin fibroblasts. RESULTS AND INNOVATION Trolox treatment reduced the levels of 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein (CM-H(2)DCF) oxidizing ROS, lowered cellular lipid peroxidation, and induced a less oxidized mitochondrial thiol redox state. This was paralleled by increased glutathione- and mitofusin-dependent mitochondrial filamentation, increased expression of fully assembled mitochondrial complex I, elevated activity of citrate synthase and OXPHOS enzymes, and a higher cellular O(2) consumption. In contrast, Trolox did not alter hydroethidium oxidation, cytosolic thiol redox state, mitochondrial NAD(P)H levels, or mitochondrial membrane potential. Whole genome expression profiling revealed that Trolox did not trigger significant changes in gene expression, suggesting that Trolox acts downstream of this process. Cytosolic Ca(2+) transients, induced by the hormone bradykinin, were of a higher amplitude and decayed faster in Trolox-treated cells. These effects were dose-dependently antagonized by hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Trolox-sensitive sROS are upstream regulators of mitochondrial mitofusin levels, morphology, and function in healthy human skin fibroblasts. This information not only facilitates the interpretation of antioxidant effects in cell models (of oxidative-stress), but also contributes to a better understanding of ROS-related human pathologies, including mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Distelmaier
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Dickinson BC, Tang Y, Chang Z, Chang CJ. A nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide probe for monitoring sirtuin-mediated oxidative stress responses in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:943-8. [PMID: 21867909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) can serve as a beneficial signaling agent or toxin depending on its concentration and location within a cell or organism. Methods to measure the localized accumulation of H(2)O(2) in living specimens remain limited. Motivated to meet this need, we have developed a nuclear-localized fluorescent probe for H(2)O(2), Nuclear Peroxy Emerald 1 (NucPE1), to selectively interrogate ROS fluxes within this sensitive organelle. NucPE1 selectively accumulates in the nuclei of a variety of mammalian cell lines as well as in whole model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans, where it can respond to subcellular changes in H(2)O(2) fluxes. Moreover, in vivo NucPE1 imaging reveals a reduction in nuclear H(2)O(2) levels in worms overexpressing sir-2.1 compared with wild-type congeners, supporting a link between this longevity-promoting sirtuin protein and enhanced regulation of nuclear ROS pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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30
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Smith RAJ, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Mitochondria-targeted small molecule therapeutics and probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:3021-38. [PMID: 21395490 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial function is central to a wide range of biological processes in health and disease and there is considerable interest in developing small molecules that are taken up by mitochondria and act as either probes of mitochondrial function or therapeutics in vivo. RECENT ADVANCES Various strategies have been used to target small molecules to mitochondria, particularly conjugation to lipophilic cations and peptides, and most of the work so far has been on mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and redox probes. In vivo studies will reveal whether there are differences in the types of bioactive functionalities that can be delivered using different carriers. CRITICAL ISSUES The outstanding challenge in the area is to discover how to combine the established selective delivery to mitochondria with the specific delivery to particular organs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These targeting methods will be used to direct many other bioactive molecules to mitochondria and many more wider applications other than just to antioxidants can be anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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31
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of molecules that are continuously generated, transformed and consumed in all living organisms as a consequence of aerobic life. The traditional view of these reactive oxygen metabolites is one of oxidative stress and damage that leads to decline of tissue and organ systems in aging and disease. However, emerging data show that ROS produced in certain situations can also contribute to physiology and increased fitness. This Perspective provides a focused discussion on what factors lead ROS molecules to become signal and/or stress agents, highlighting how increasing knowledge of the underlying chemistry of ROS can lead to advances in understanding their disparate contributions to biology. An important facet of this emerging area at the chemistry-biology interface is the development of new tools to study these small molecules and their reactivity in complex biological systems.
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32
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Multiple Triphenylphosphonium Cations as a Platform for the Delivery of a Pro-Apoptotic Peptide. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2780-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Jiang Z, Hu Z, Zeng L, Lu W, Zhang H, Li T, Xiao H. The role of the Golgi apparatus in oxidative stress: is this organelle less significant than mitochondria? Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:907-17. [PMID: 21241794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and ROS/RNS-mediated oxidative stress have well-established roles in many physiological and pathological processes and are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. It is generally accepted that mitochondria play an essential role in oxidative stress because they are responsible for the primary generation of superoxide radicals. Little attention, however, has been paid to the importance of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in this process. The GA is a pivotal organelle in cell metabolism and participates in modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules for cell secretion or use within the cell. It is inevitably involved in the process of oxidative stress, which can cause modification and damage of lipids, proteins, DNA, and other structural constituents. Here we discuss the connections between the GA and oxidative stress and highlight the role of the GA in oxidative stress-related Ca(2+)/Mn(2+) homeostasis, cell apoptosis, sphingolipid metabolism, signal transduction, and antioxidation. We also provide a novel perspective on the subcellular significance of oxidative stress and its pathological implications and present "GA stress" as a new concept to explain the GA-specific stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Zhou Y, Kim YS, Shi J, Jacobson O, Chen X, Liu S. Evaluation of 64Cu-labeled acridinium cation: a PET radiotracer targeting tumor mitochondria. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:700-8. [PMID: 21413736 DOI: 10.1021/bc100458p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the synthesis and evaluation of (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) (DO3A-xy-ACR = 2,6-bis(dimethylamino)-10-(4-((4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)methyl)benzyl)acridin-10-ium) as a radiotracer for imaging tumors in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts by PET (positron emission tomography). The biodistribution data suggested that (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) was excreted mainly through the renal system with >65% of injected radioactivity being recovered from urine samples at 1 h postinjection (p.i.). The tumor uptake of (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) was 1.07 ± 0.23, 1.58 ± 0.55, 2.71 ± 0.66, 3.47 ± 1.19, and 3.52 ± 1.72%ID/g at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h p.i., respectively. (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) had very high liver uptake (31.90 ± 3.98, 24.95 ± 5.64, 15.20 ± 4.29, 14.09 ± 6.82, and 8.18 ± 1.27%ID/g at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h p.i., respectively) with low tumor/liver ratios. MicroPET studies showed that the tumors were clearly visualized as early as 30 min p.i. in the glioma-bearing mouse administered with (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR). The high liver radioactivity accumulation was also seen. (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) had a relatively high metabolic stability during excretion via both renal and hepatobiliary routes, but it was completely decomposed in the liver homogenate. We explored the localization mechanism of Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) using both U87MG human glioma and the cultured primary U87MG glioma cells. The results from the cellular staining assays showed that (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) is able to localize in the mitochondria of living U87MG glioma cells due to the enhanced negative mitochondrial potential as compared to normal cells. Although (64)Cu(DO3A-xy-ACR) is not an ideal PET radiotracer for tumor imaging due to its high liver uptake, the results from this study strongly suggest that (64)Cu-labeled acridinium cations are indeed able to localize in the energized mitochondria of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Puckett CA, Barton JK. Targeting a ruthenium complex to the nucleus with short peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3564-9. [PMID: 20430627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop octahedral metal complexes as chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents targeted to DNA, it is critical to optimize the properties of their cellular uptake. Appending d-octaarginine has been found to improve both the uptake and nuclear localization efficiency of these complexes, but the increased positive charge interferes with selective DNA binding and hence activity. Herein, we evaluate the nuclear entry of a series of luminescent ruthenium peptide conjugates of shorter sequence and lower charge. As is the case for the d-octaarginine conjugate (Ru-D-R8), the tetrapeptide RrRK (where r=d-arginine) facilitates nuclear localization of the ruthenium complex above a threshold concentration, though the threshold is higher for this conjugate (Ru-RrRK) than for Ru-D-R8. Furthermore, appended fluorescein, which lowers the threshold concentration for Ru-D-R8, does not improve nuclear entry of Ru-RrRK, indicating that fluorescein conjugation is not a general strategy for modulating the distribution of cell-penetrating peptides. Similarly, the concentration required for nuclear entry of Ru-RrRK is much higher than has been reported for a thiazole orange RrRK conjugate, demonstrating the influence of payload on the efficiency of uptake and localization of cell-penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy A Puckett
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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Kersemans V, Cornelissen B. Targeting the Tumour: Cell Penetrating Peptides for Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:600-620. [PMID: 27713270 PMCID: PMC4033971 DOI: 10.3390/ph3030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last couple of years, the number of original papers and reviews discussing various applications of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) has grown exponentially. This is not remarkable since CPPs are capable of transporting the most varying cargo across cell membranes which is one of the biggest problems in drug delivery and targeted therapy. In this review, we focus on the use of CPPs and related peptides for delivery of imaging contrast agents and radionuclides to cells and tissues with the ultimate goal of in vivo molecular imaging and molecular radiotherapy of intracellular and even intranuclear targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kersemans
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford/Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford/Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Detection and manipulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1034-44. [PMID: 20100455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) as an inevitable consequence of mitochondrial metabolism. Because ROS can damage biomolecules, cells contain elaborate antioxidant defense systems to prevent oxidative stress. In addition to their damaging effect, ROS can also operate as intracellular signaling molecules. Given the fact that mitochondrial ROS appear to be only generated at specific sites and that particular ROS species display a unique chemistry and have specific molecular targets, mitochondria-derived ROS might constitute local regulatory signals. The latter would allow individual mitochondria to auto-regulate their metabolism, shape and motility, enabling them to respond autonomously to the metabolic requirements of the cell. In this review we first summarize how mitochondrial ROS can be generated and removed in the living cell. Then we discuss experimental strategies for (local) detection of ROS by combining chemical or proteinaceous reporter molecules with quantitative live cell microscopy. Finally, approaches involving targeted pro- and antioxidants are presented, which allow the local manipulation of ROS levels.
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Dickinson BC, Srikun D, Chang CJ. Mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent probes for reactive oxygen species. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 14:50-6. [PMID: 19910238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As the primary consumers of oxygen within all aerobic organisms, mitochondria are a major source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from the in vivo chemistry of oxygen metabolism. Mitochondrial ROS have been traditionally implicated in aging and in a variety of pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes, but recent studies also link controlled mitochondrial ROS fluxes to cell regulation and signaling events. Progress in the development of mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent small-molecule indicators that detect specific ROS with high selectivity offers a promising approach for interrogating mitochondrial ROS production, trafficking, and downstream biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Yousif LF, Stewart KM, Kelley SO. Targeting Mitochondria with Organelle-Specific Compounds: Strategies and Applications. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1939-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Koide Y, Urano Y, Yatsushige A, Hanaoka K, Terai T, Nagano T. Design and Development of Enzymatically Activatable Photosensitizer Based on Unique Characteristics of Thiazole Orange. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6058-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Koide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and CREST, JST, and PRESTO, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and CREST, JST, and PRESTO, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Akira Yatsushige
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and CREST, JST, and PRESTO, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and CREST, JST, and PRESTO, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Takuya Terai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and CREST, JST, and PRESTO, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and CREST, JST, and PRESTO, JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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Gopalacharyulu PV, Velagapudi VR, Lindfors E, Halperin E, Oresic M. Dynamic network topology changes in functional modules predict responses to oxidative stress in yeast. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:276-87. [PMID: 19225619 DOI: 10.1039/b815347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to environmental challenges, biological systems respond with dynamic adaptive changes in order to maintain the functionality of the system. Such adaptations may lead to cumulative stress over time, possibly leading to global failure of the system. When studying such systems responses, it is therefore important to understand them in system-wide and dynamic context. Here we hypothesize that dynamic changes in the topology of functional modules of integrated biological networks reflect their activity under specific environmental challenges. We introduce topological enrichment analysis of functional subnetworks (TEAFS), a method for the analysis of integrated molecular profile and interactome data, which we validated by comprehensive metabolomic analysis of dynamic yeast response under oxidative stress. TEAFS identified activation of multiple stress response related mechanisms, such as lipid metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis. We identified, among others, a fatty acid elongase IFA38 as a hub protein which was absent at all time points under oxidative stress conditions. The deletion mutant of the IFA38 encoding gene is known for the accumulation of ceramides. By applying a comprehensive metabolomic analysis, we confirmed the increased concentrations over time of ceramides and palmitic acid, a precursor of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. Our results imply that the connectivity of the system is being dynamically modulated in response to oxidative stress, progressively leading to the accumulation of (lipo)toxic lipids such as ceramides. Studies of local network topology dynamics can be used to investigate as well as predict the activity of biological processes and the system's responses to environmental challenges and interventions.
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Chemical-genetic profiling of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and -pyrimidines reveals target pathways conserved between yeast and human cells. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000284. [PMID: 19043571 PMCID: PMC2583946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules have been shown to be potent and selective probes to understand cell physiology. Here, we show that imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines compose a class of compounds that target essential, conserved cellular processes. Using validated chemogenomic assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we discovered that two closely related compounds, an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and -pyrimidine that differ by a single atom, have distinctly different mechanisms of action in vivo. 2-phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine was toxic to yeast strains with defects in electron transport and mitochondrial functions and caused mitochondrial fragmentation, suggesting that compound 13 acts by disrupting mitochondria. By contrast, 2-phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine acted as a DNA poison, causing damage to the nuclear DNA and inducing mutagenesis. We compared compound 15 to known chemotherapeutics and found resistance required intact DNA repair pathways. Thus, subtle changes in the structure of imidazo-pyridines and -pyrimidines dramatically alter both the intracellular targeting of these compounds and their effects in vivo. Of particular interest, these different modes of action were evident in experiments on human cells, suggesting that chemical–genetic profiles obtained in yeast are recapitulated in cultured cells, indicating that our observations in yeast can: (1) be leveraged to determine mechanism of action in mammalian cells and (2) suggest novel structure–activity relationships. We have shown that chemical–genetic screening allows structure–activity studies of chemical compounds at a very high resolution. In analyzing the effects of closely related imidazo-pyridine and -pyrimidine compounds, we found two compounds that likely act as oxidizing agents, yet target different organelles. The imidazo-pyridine affected mitochondrial functions whereas the imidazo-pyrimidine caused nuclear DNA damage. Remarkably, the only difference between these two compounds is the presence of a nitrogen atom at position 8. Thus, in addition to demonstrating the potential for high resolution in chemical–genetic studies, our work suggests that subtle changes in compound chemistry can be exploited to target different intracellular compartments with very different biological effects. Finally, we show that chemical–genetic profiling in yeast can be used to infer mode of action in mammalian cells. The specificity of compound 15 in eliciting a nuclear DNA damage response in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotes suggests that it will be of great utility in studying the cellular response to nuclear oxidative damage.
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Stewart KM, Horton KL, Kelley SO. Cell-penetrating peptides as delivery vehicles for biology and medicine. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2242-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b719950c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Kelly and colleagues describe the development of two novel ROS-generating compounds [1] that specifically localize in the nucleus or mitochondrion. Their application reveals that nuclei and mitochondria respond differently to oxidative stress, in terms of gene expression and survival pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Terai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
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