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Talpur FN, Unar A, Bhatti SK, Alsawalha L, Fouad D, Bashir H, Afridi HI, Ataya FS, Jefri OA, Bashir MS. Bioremediation of Neonicotinoid Pesticide, Imidacloprid, Mediated by Bacillus cereus. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:951. [PMID: 37627836 PMCID: PMC10451882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a toxic pesticide of the chloronicotinyl category, is employed extensively in agricultural fields, and its exposure causes serious health issues. Biodegradation is considered to be a green and economical approach to remediate pesticides. Herein, imidacloprid degradation efficiency of Bacillus sp. is highlighted, among which Bacillus cereus exhibited the greatest degradation; optimization of experimental variables (pH, imidacloprid and agitation time) via Box-Behnken factorial design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed 92% biodegradation at the initial substrate concentration of 0.03 mM, aerobically in 11 days under favorable pH 7. The subsequent metabolites, identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were 5-hydroxy imidacloprid, imidacloprid-guanidine and 6-chloronicotinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (S.K.B.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Ahsanullah Unar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China;
| | - Sana Kanwal Bhatti
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (S.K.B.); (H.I.A.)
| | | | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Humaira Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan;
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (S.K.B.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ohoud A. Jefri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 2158, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Muñoz-Flores P, Poon PS, Ania CO, Matos J. Performance of a C-containing Cu-based photocatalyst for the degradation of tartrazine: Comparison of performance in a slurry and CPC photoreactor under artificial and natural solar light. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:646-659. [PMID: 35598491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A carbon-containing Cu-based material (Cu@C) was used as photocatalyst for the degradation of a commonly food-industry azo-dye (tartrazine, also called Y5), under solar light at laboratory and pilot scale photoreactors. Important performance parameters such as dark adsorption capacity, catalyst́s loading and initial concentration of the dye were first optimized in a slurry photoreactor at laboratory scale under artificial solar light following the kinetics of degradation of the dye. Afterwards, the photocatalytic activity was investigated at pilot scale in a compound parabolic collector (CPC) photoreactor operating for 10 h of irradiation. The degradation of tartrazine is among the highest values reported for alternative metal oxide semiconductors, in both photoreactor configurations. Catalytic data revealed a 3 times faster degradation kinetics of tartrazine in the CPC photoreactor under natural solar light than in the slurry reactor under artificial solar light. This behavior indicates that a moderate photon flux in the CPC is more adequate to operate with the prepared photocatalyst, as it minimizes the recombination of charge carriers in the catalyst. This is important, since most of the photocatalytic tests designed to evaluate the activity of novel materials are frequently carried out under simulated solar light and disregard the impact of photon flux in outdoor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz-Flores
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Po S Poon
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Conchi O Ania
- CEMHTI, CNRS (UPR 3079), Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Juan Matos
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000 Santiago, Chile.
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An Z, Bo X, Mei Q, Wei B, Xie J, Zhan J, He M. Theoretical insights into the degradation of swep by hydroxyl radicals in atmosphere and water environment: Mechanisms, kinetics and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151651. [PMID: 34785220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an excellent conductive herbicide, swep is widely used in weed removal. Its remaining in atmosphere and water can not only contaminate the environment but also pose a threat to human health. This work presented a systematic theoretical study of HO•-mediated degradation mechanisms and kinetics of swep in atmosphere and water environment. HO•-addition reaction was the dominant reaction type and the main degradation products N-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate (P2), N-(3,4-chloro-6-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate (P3) and N-(3,4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate (P11) were in good agreement with the experimental results. The total rate constants of swep with HO• were determined to be 3.37 × 10-12 and 7.73 × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (at 298 K) in atmosphere and water environment, respectively. As an excellent adsorbent and photocatalyst, zinc oxide (ZnO) was selected to study the adsorption and catalytic degradation mechanism of swep. The adsorption configuration of (ZnO)n clusters with swep was most stable when n = 6. The adsorption of (ZnO)6 cluster was more favorable to the H-atom abstraction reaction. The toxicities of swep and its degradation products to aquatic organisms were predicted. The degradation of swep induced by HO• was beneficial to the survival of aquatic organisms. This work would provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for understanding the degradation behavior of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiu An
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Bo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qiong Mei
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Mavriou Ζ, Alexandropoulou I, Melidis P, Karpouzas DG, Ntougias S. Bioprocess performance, transformation pathway, and bacterial community dynamics in an immobilized cell bioreactor treating fludioxonil-contaminated wastewater under microaerophilic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29597-29612. [PMID: 34542817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fludioxonil is a post-harvest fungicide contained in effluents produced by fruit packaging plants, which should be treated prior to environmental dispersal. We developed and evaluated an immobilized cell bioreactor, operating under microaerophilic conditions and gradually reduced hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from 10 to 3.9 days, for the biotreatment of fludioxonil-rich wastewater. Fludioxonil removal efficiency was consistently above 96%, even at the shortest HRT applied. A total of 12 transformation products were tentatively identified during fludioxonil degradation by using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight Mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Fludioxonil degradation pathway was initiated by successive hydroxylation and carbonylation of the pyrrole moiety and disruption of the oxidized cyanopyrrole ring at the NH-C bond. The detection of 2,2-difluoro-2H-1,3-benzodioxole-4-carboxylic acid verified the decyanation and deamination of the molecule, whereas its conversion to the tentatively identified compound 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid indicated its defluorination. High-throughput amplicon sequencing revealed that HRT shortening led to reduced α-diversity, significant changes in the β-diversity, and a shift in the bacterial community composition from an initial activated sludge system typical community to a community composed of bacterial taxa like Clostridium, Oligotropha, Pseudomonas, and Terrimonas capable of performing advanced degradation and/or aerobic denitrification. Overall, the immobilized cell bioreactor operation under microaerophilic conditions, which minimizes the cost for aeration, can provide a sustainable solution for the depuration of fludioxonil-contaminated agro-industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ζografina Mavriou
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Alexandropoulou
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece.
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5
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Intisar A, Ramzan A, Sawaira T, Kareem AT, Hussain N, Din MI, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Occurrence, toxic effects, and mitigation of pesticides as emerging environmental pollutants using robust nanomaterials - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133538. [PMID: 34998849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand of food and agriculture is leading us towards the increasing use and introduction of pesticides to the environment. The upright increase of pesticides in water and associated adverse effects have become a great point of concern to develop proficient methods for their mitigation from water. Various different methods have been traditionally employed for this purpose. Recently, nanotechnology has turned out to be the field of prodigious interest for this purpose, and various specific methods were developed and employed to remove pesticides from water. In this study, nanotechnological methods such as adsorption and degradation have been thoroughly discussed along with their applications and limitations where different types of nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanotubes, and nanomembranes have played a vital role. However, in this study the most commonly adopted method of adsorption is considered to be the better technique due to its low cost, efficiency, and ease of operation. The adsorption kinetic models were described to explain the efficiency of the nano-adrsorbants in order to evaluate the mass transfer processes. However, various degradation methodologies including photocatalysis and catalytic reduction have also been elaborated. Numerous robust metal, metal oxide and functionalized magnetic nanomaterials have been emphasized, categorized, and compared for the removal of pesticides from water. Additionally, current challenges faced by researchers and future directions have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Intisar
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Ramzan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tehzeeb Sawaira
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ama Tul Kareem
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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6
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Cai M, Shui A, Wang Y, Xiong H, Zeng S, He C, Qian J, Du B. Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties of Surfactants Modified ZnO Particles Synthesized Directly via Sonochemistry Technique. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Anze Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Hao Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Shenghui Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Chao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Junjie Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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7
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Elumalai N, Prabhu S, Selvaraj M, Silambarasan A, Navaneethan M, Harish S, Ramu P, Ramesh R. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO hexagonal tube/r-GO composite on degradation of organic aqueous pollutant and study of charge transport properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132782. [PMID: 34748798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ZnO hexagonal tube and ZnO/r-GO nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method and the nanostructures were characterized by XRD, UV-DRS, PL, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM techniques. The main violet emission peak of the synthesized nanostructures is due to the transition between interstitial zinc and hole (valence band) of ZnO. The potential of ZnO/r-GO nanocomposite was evaluated using methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine-B (RhB), and the results were compared with the activity of synthesized ZnO nanostructures. More than 95% of MO and RhB were by ZnO/r-GO nanocomposite and it was found to be higher than that of ZnO hexagonal tube. The degradation MO and RhB were found to follow first-order kinetics and it has a rate constant of 7.68 × 10-2and 7.83 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. These results are mainly due to the enhanced charge transport property. Trapping experiments show that superoxide radical anion and hydroxide radicals are chief species responsible for the degradation of MO and RhB. The chemical stability of the nanocomposite was evaluated by cycle test experiments and it reveals that the catalyst can be reused up to few cycles without considerable loss of photocatalytic activity. This work affords a simple stratagem to integrate ZnO hexagonal tubes and r-GO nanosheets to construct effective catalysts for the degradation of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elumalai
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 7, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 11, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prabhu
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 11, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Silambarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Namakkal, 637 205, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Navaneethan
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchepuram, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Harish
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Ramu
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 7, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 11, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Guo L, Chen Y, Ren Z, Li X, Zhang Q, Wu J, Li Y, Liu W, Li P, Fu Y, Ma J. Morphology engineering of type-II heterojunction nanoarrays for improved sonophotocatalytic capability. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 81:105849. [PMID: 34839125 PMCID: PMC8636864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonophotocatalysis is one of the most significant outcomes of the exploration of the interaction between piezoelectric field and charge carriers, which exhibits potential applications in dye degradation, water splitting, and sterilization. Although several heterojunction catalysts have been applied to improve the sonophotocatalytic capability, the importance of the morphology on the sonophotocatalytic capability has not been emphasized. In this study, brush-like ZnO nanorod arrays are synthesized on a stainless-steel mesh and subsequently vulcanized into ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanorod arrays to investigate the sonophotocatalytic capability of the heterojunction. The sonophotocatalytic capability increases from 25.1% to 45.4% through vulcanization. Afterward, the ZnO/ZnS nanorods are etched to ZnO/ZnS nanotubes without affecting the crystallography and distribution of the ZnS nanoparticle shell, further improving the capability to 63.3%. The improvement can be ascribed to the coupling effect of the enhanced piezoelectric field and the reduced migration distance, which suppresses the recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs while transforming the morphology from nanorod to nanotube, as proven by the electron spin resonance test and numerical simulations. This study explores a novel approach of morphology engineering for enhancing the sonophotocatalytic capability of heterojunction nanoarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zeqian Ren
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiu Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jizhou Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongming Fu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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9
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Gambín M, Pérez-Lucas G, Navarro S. Removal Kinetics of Four Leacher Herbicides Through Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalysis as Influenced by Water Matrix Components. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:989-995. [PMID: 33830281 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the effect of dissolved substances on the photocatalytic degradation of four herbicides, metribuzin and terbuthylazine (triazine) and chlorotoluron and isoproturon (phenylurea) in three different water matrix (deionized, mineral and leaching water). To study the effect of heterogeneous photocatalysis on their degradation, TiO2 and ZnO were used as photocatalysts in tandem with an oxidant (Na2S2O8). Results show that the addition of both semiconductor materials significantly enhances degradation of the herbicides although in different proportions. Similar effectivity of both photocatalyst, assessed as a function of the mean half-lives calculated, was observed (85 and 87 min for TiO2 and Zn, respectively), while the mean half-life in the photolytic experiment was markedly higher (265 min). The degradation rate was in the order: metribuzin > chlorotoluron ≈ isoproturon > terbuthylazine. A faster degradation was observed in all cases in deionized water as compared to mineral and leaching water indicating that the presence of dissolved salts and organic matter considerably slows down the effectiveness of the treatment. Although after 180 min of treatment, total mineralization was not achieved in mineral and leaching water, this technology considerably reduces the pollutant load in complex water matrices. Therefore, solar heterogeneous photocatalytic processes, especially those involving ZnO and TiO2 as photocatalysts, offers a valuable tool for surface and groundwater remediation, especially in those areas receiving a large number of hours of sunshine per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gambín
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Pérez-Lucas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Simón Navarro
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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10
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Mavriou Z, Alexandropoulou I, Melidis P, Karpouzas DG, Ntougias S. Biotreatment and bacterial succession in an upflow immobilized cell bioreactor fed with fludioxonil wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3774-3786. [PMID: 32418094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The large quantities and the persistent nature of fungicide wastewaters have increased the efforts towards a sustainable technological solution. In this context, fludioxonil-contaminated wastewater was treated in an upflow immobilized cell bioreactor, resulting in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency even higher than 80%, whereas the electrical conductivity (EC) of the effluent was gradually increased. Organic-F was mineralized by 94.0 ± 5.2%, which was in accordance with the high fludioxonil removal efficiency (95.4 ± 4.0%). In addition, effluent total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration reduced significantly during bioprocessing. A strong relationship among COD removal, TKN/total nitrogen removal, and effluent EC increase (p < 0.01) was identified. Despite the adequate aeration provided, effluent nitrite and nitrate concentrations were negligible. Illumina sequencing revealed a reduction in the relative abundances of Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, and Firmicutes and an increase in the proportion of Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. A shift in bacterial communities occurred during fludioxonil treatment, resulting in the significant increase of the relative abundances of Empedobacter, Sphingopyxis, and Rhodopseudomonas (from 0.67 ± 0.13% at the start-up to 34.34 ± 1.60% at the end of biotreatment). In conclusion, the immobilized cell bioreactor permitted the proliferation of specialized activated sludge microbiota with an active role in the depuration of postharvest fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zografina Mavriou
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Alexandropoulou
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132, Xanthi, Greece.
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11
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Fazio E, Gökce B, De Giacomo A, Meneghetti M, Compagnini G, Tommasini M, Waag F, Lucotti A, Zanchi CG, Ossi PM, Dell’Aglio M, D’Urso L, Condorelli M, Scardaci V, Biscaglia F, Litti L, Gobbo M, Gallo G, Santoro M, Trusso S, Neri F. Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2317. [PMID: 33238455 PMCID: PMC7700616 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laser synthesis emerges as a suitable technique to produce ligand-free nanoparticles, alloys and functionalized nanomaterials for catalysis, imaging, biomedicine, energy and environmental applications. In the last decade, laser ablation and nanoparticle generation in liquids has proven to be a unique and efficient technique to generate, excite, fragment and conjugate a large variety of nanostructures in a scalable and clean way. In this work, we give an overview on the fundamentals of pulsed laser synthesis of nanocolloids and new information about its scalability towards selected applications. Biomedicine, catalysis and sensing are the application areas mainly discussed in this review, highlighting advantages of laser-synthesized nanoparticles for these types of applications and, once partially resolved, the limitations to the technique for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Department of Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (B.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Alessandro De Giacomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- CNR-NANOTEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Friedrich Waag
- Department of Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (B.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Giuseppina Zanchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Paolo Maria Ossi
- Department of Energy & Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces—NEMAS, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marcella Dell’Aglio
- CNR-NANOTEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Vittorio Scardaci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Francesca Biscaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Lucio Litti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
| | - Marco Santoro
- STMicroelectronics S.R.L., Stradale Primosole 37, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98053 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
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Yang J, Wang Z, Lv G, Liu W, Wang Y, Sun X, Gao J. Indirect photodegradation of fludioxonil by hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen in aquatic environment: Mechanism, photoproducts formation and eco-toxicity assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110644. [PMID: 32325330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fludioxonil has been proven valuable as a broad-spectrum fungicide. However, there are concerns about its risk posed to non-target organisms in aquatic environments. In this paper, the mechanism, photoproducts transformation and eco-toxicity of fludioxonil during •OH/1O2-initiated process were systematically studied using quantum chemistry and computational toxicology. The results indicate that the two favorable pathways of •OH/1O2-initiated reactions are both occurred in pyrrole ring. It can conclude that the rate constants of •OH and 1O2 are 1.23 × 1010 and 3.69 × 107 M-1 s-1 at 298K, respectively, which results in half-lives of <2 days in surface waters under sunlit near-surface conditions. Based on toxicity assessments, these photoproducts showed a decreased aquatic toxicity but the majority products are still toxic. This study gives more insight into the chemical transformation mechanism of fludioxonil in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxue Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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13
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Zinc oxide based photocatalytic degradation of persistent pesticides: A comprehensive review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanorods on the photocatalytic performance and the biological activity of graphene nano sheets. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03283. [PMID: 32055730 PMCID: PMC7005451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, decoration of the graphene surface with 5 wt. % ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs), to ensure the potential photocatalytic performance of the formed nanocomposites, is demonstrated. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized with Hummer method followed by reduction to give reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The adjustable nano-compositing exhibited long-sought workability not only in in-situ incorporation of nanorods while reduction of graphene oxide (IZG) but also in ex-situ mixing of RGO or GO with the nanorods, (EZG) and (ZGO) respectively. The demineralization of synthetic wastewater has been evaluated by chemical oxygen demand and the obtained nanocomposites possess enhanced photocatalytic activities with 30 % and 35% over pure RGO and GO, respectively. This higher efficiency could be attributed to the synergistic effect between ZnO and the planner structure of graphene sheets which developed unprecedented polycrystalline structure. Also, the results proved that even the RGO or GO have played a dual function in photocatalysis, adsorption, and degradation. Also, the bactericidal effect of the prepared samples was studied against deleterious microorganisms. The findings of this work pave the way for the new generation of highly efficient photocatalysts based graphene with economic attraction and environmental impact.
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Apell JN, Pflug NC, McNeill K. Photodegradation of Fludioxonil and Other Pyrroles: The Importance of Indirect Photodegradation for Understanding Environmental Fate and Photoproduct Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11240-11250. [PMID: 31486641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fludioxonil is a pyrrole-containing pesticide whose registration as a plant protection product is currently under review in the United States and Europe. There are concerns over its potential persistence and toxicity in the aquatic environment; however, the pyrrole moiety represents a potential reaction site for indirect photodegradation. In this study, the direct and indirect photodegradation of fludioxonil, along with pyrrole, 3-cyanopyrrole, and 3-phenylpyrrole, were investigated. Results showed that pyrrole moieties are capable of undergoing direct photoionization and sensitized photooxidation to form radical cation species, which then likely deprotonate and react with dissolved oxygen. Additionally, pyrrole moieties can undergo reactions with singlet oxygen (1O2). Furthermore, the presence of electron-withdrawing or -donating substituents substantially impacted the reaction rate with 1O2 as well as the one-electron oxidation potential of the pyrrole that dictates reactions with triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*). For fludioxonil, which can undergo both direct and indirect photodegradation, the reaction rate constant with 1O2 alone resulted in a predicted t1/2 < 2 days in waters under sunlit near-surface conditions, suggesting it will not be persistent in aquatic systems. These results are useful for evaluating the environmental fate of fludioxonil as well as other pyrrole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Apell
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 16 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nicholas C Pflug
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 16 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 16 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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Chen X, He S, Liu X, Hu J. Biobegradation and metabolic mechanism of cyprodinil by strain Acinetobacter sp. from a contaminated-agricultural soil in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:190-197. [PMID: 29753271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using sequential soil and liquid culture enrichments with cyprodinil as the sole carbon source, a Gram-negative cyprodinil-degrader from cyprodinil-polluted agricultural soil was isolated. The sequencing analysis of 16 S rRNA indicated that the strain showed 99% homology to Acinetobacter sp. The strain could effectively degrade cyprodinil at the neutral condition. At the initial concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 in minimal medium, cyprodinil was degraded by 10, 20, 49.3, 64.2, 57 and 24 mg L-1 within 14 days, respectively. Two metabolites (4-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-2-pyrimidpyridine amine and monohydroxylated para-substitution) were identified using high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). A biodegradation pathway involving imines hydrolysis and monohydroxyl substitution on benzene ring was proposed on basis of the identified metabolites. Acinetobacter sp. would have a potential application in bioremediation of cyprodinil-contaminated soil, and the strain might have important implications in detoxification and bioremediation of pyrimidine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China.
| | - Sheng He
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jiye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Borhade AV, Baste YR. Study of photocatalytic asset of the ZnSnO 3 synthesized by green chemistry. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Nicol E, Chayata H, Genty C, Bouchonnet S, Bourcier S. Photodegradation of cyprodinil under UV-visible irradiation - chemical and toxicological approaches. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2201-2211. [PMID: 27467462 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cyprodinil is a fungicide active on grapes, strawberries, tomatoes, and many other fruits. Under UV-visible irradiation, it undergoes photodegradation through various processes to form transformation products (TPs) whose structures and potential toxicities are unknown. The structures of the TPs were elucidated by comparing the photodegradation of cyprodinil and cyprodinil-D5 . The potential toxicities of these compounds were compared with that of cyprodinil. METHODS Aqueous solutions of cyprodinil were irradiated in a reactor equipped with a mercury vapor lamp. Analyses were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer or to a SolarixXR 9.4 Tesla Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometer. High-resolution mass measurements, MS/MS and isotopic labeling experiments allowed structural elucidation of the cyprodinil TPs. The toxicities were estimated by three tests in silico using the TEST software and in vitro bioassays using Vibrio fischeri bacteria. These bioassays were carried out on irradiated solution for several exposure times and non-irradiated solutions. RESULTS The structures of 19 photoproducts were characterized by LC/HRMS/MS after 4 h of irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution. The use of cyprodinil-D5 allowed the TPs to be characterized with more confidence. Knowing the structure of the TPs allows the estimation of their potential toxicities by in silico tests. Most of the photoproducts are potentially more toxic than the parent compound, based on the oral rat LD50 values, and most of them might induce more developmental and mutagenic toxicities. In vitro assays on Vibrio fischeri bacteria showed that the global ecotoxicity of the cyprodinil solution significantly increases with irradiation time. CONCLUSIONS Structures of photoproducts were characterized after irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution combining LC/HRMS, LC/HRMS/MS and the use of a labeled compound. Their formations imply several photodegradation reactions, namely direct bond cleavages, cyclization, isomerization and hydroxylation. Most of the TPs exhibit a toxicity significantly higher than that of the parent molecule. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Nicol
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Houda Chayata
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Genty
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Bourcier
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Aljuboury DADA, Palaniandy P, Abdul Aziz HB, Feroz S. Evaluating the TiO2 as a solar photocatalyst process by response surface methodology to treat the petroleum waste water. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Fenoll J, Flores P, Hellín P, Hernández J, Navarro S. Minimization of methabenzthiazuron residues in leaching water using amended soils and photocatalytic treatment with TiO2 and ZnO. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:757-764. [PMID: 25079405 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, potential groundwater pollution by methabenzthiazuron (MTBU) and the effect of three different amendments (composted sheep manure, composted pine bark and spent coffee grounds) on its mobility were investigated under laboratory conditions. The efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 suspensions in the photocatalytic degradation of MTBU in leaching water was also investigated. The relative and cumulative breakthrough curves were obtained from disturbed soil columns. The presence and/or addition of organic matter drastically reduced the movement of the herbicide. On other hand, photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of ZnO and TiO2 strongly enhances the degradation rate of this herbicide compared with the results of photolytic experiments under artificial light. ZnO appeared to be more effective in MTBU oxidation than TiO2. The results obtained point to the interest of using organic wastes and heterogeneous photocatalysis for reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fenoll
- Department of Food Quality, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development, C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, Murcia 30150, Spain.
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Food Quality, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development, C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, Murcia 30150, Spain
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Department of Food Quality, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development, C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, Murcia 30150, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hernández
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, School of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Simon Navarro
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, School of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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Aguilera A, Valverde A, Valverde-Monterreal A, Garcia-Fuentes L, Boulaid M. Assessing solvent derivatization and carbon dioxide supercritical fluid simultaneous extraction/derivatization of cyprodinil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:541-549. [PMID: 24901957 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.911553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization of cyprodinil with different reagents and solvents has been evaluated to improve the GC/MS characterization of this fungicide. After assessing some preliminary acylation and silylation reactions, derivatization with anhydrous heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) was selected as the best derivatization option for cyprodinil. The HFBA-cyprodinil derivative was clearly identified and characterized by GC/MS (ion-trap). The spectrum of the HFBA derivative of cyprodinil was characterized by the base peak, 252 m/z ion, and two other ions with relative abundances of 5% (224 m/z ion) and 4% (420 m/z molecular ion). Conversion rates in the range of 83-92% were obtained when 0.1-1 μg cyprodinil were derivatized in vial without solvent at 25ºC temperature for 120 min, with 5 μL HFBA and 5 μL pyridine. Simultaneous extraction-derivatization of cyprodinil in supercritical carbon dioxide was only achieved when no modifier was present, but conversion/recovery rates obtained in the replicate experiments carried out with 15 mL supercritical carbon dioxide at 50°C and 200 atm (n = 5), 300 atm (n = 7), and 400 atm (n = 5) were no reproducible (RSD > 50%) and ranged between 10% and 45% (related to the signal obtained for derivatization in vial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aguilera
- a Pesticide Residue Research Group , University of Almería , Almería , Spain
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Fenoll J, Sabater P, Navarro G, Pérez-Lucas G, Navarro S. Photocatalytic transformation of sixteen substituted phenylurea herbicides in aqueous semiconductor suspensions: intermediates and degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 244-245:370-379. [PMID: 23270960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of sixteen substituted phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) in pure water has been studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as photocatalyst under artificial light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of these chalcogenide oxides in tandem with the oxidant (Na(2)S(2)O(8)) strongly enhances the degradation rate of these compounds in comparison with those carried out with ZnO and TiO(2) alone and photolytic tests. Comparison of catalysts showed that ZnO is the most efficient for the removal of such herbicides in optimal conditions and at constant volumetric rate of photon absorption in the photoreactor. Thus, the complete disappearance of all the studied compounds was achieved after 20 min of illumination in the ZnO/Na(2)S(2)O(8) system. The main photocatalytic intermediates detected during the degradation of PUHs were identified. The probable photodegradation pathways were proposed and discussed. The main steps involved: N-demethylation of the N,N-dimethylurea-substituted compounds followed of N-demethylation and N-demethoxylation of the N-methoxy-N-methyl-substituted ureas and hydroxylation of aromatic rings and their aliphatic side-chains of both, parent compounds and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fenoll
- Departamento de Calidad y Garantía Alimentaria, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
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Fenoll J, Hellín P, Flores P, Martínez CM, Navarro S. Degradation intermediates and reaction pathway of carbofuran in leaching water using TiO2 and ZnO as photocatalyst under natural sunlight. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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