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Coppinger MN, Laramore K, Popham DL, Stabb EV. A prototrophic suppressor of a Vibrio fischeri D-glutamate auxotroph reveals a member of the periplasmic broad-spectrum racemase family (BsrF). J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0033323. [PMID: 38411059 PMCID: PMC10955857 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00333-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) is highly conserved, some natural variations in PG biosynthesis and structure have evolved. Understanding the mechanisms and limits of such variation will inform our understanding of antibiotic resistance, innate immunity, and the evolution of bacteria. We have explored the constraints on PG evolution by blocking essential steps in PG biosynthesis in Vibrio fischeri and then selecting mutants with restored prototrophy. Here, we attempted to select prototrophic suppressors of a D-glutamate auxotrophic murI racD mutant. No suppressors were isolated on unsupplemented lysogeny broth salts (LBS), despite plating >1011 cells, nor were any suppressors generated through mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. A single suppressor was isolated on LBS supplemented with iso-D-gln, although the iso-D-gln subsequently appeared irrelevant. This suppressor has a genomic amplification formed by the creation of a novel junction that fuses proB to a gene encoding a putative broad-spectrum racemase of V. fischeri, bsrF. An engineered bsrF allele lacking the putative secretion signal (ΔSS-bsrF) also suppressed D-glu auxotrophy, resulting in PG that was indistinguishable from the wild type. The ΔSS-bsrF allele similarly suppressed the D-alanine auxotrophy of an alr mutant and restored prototrophy to a murI alr double mutant auxotrophic for both D-ala and D-glu. The ΔSS-bsrF allele increased resistance to D-cycloserine but had no effect on sensitivity to PG-targeting antibiotics penicillin, ampicillin, or vancomycin. Our work helps define constraints on PG evolution and reveals a periplasmic broad-spectrum racemase in V. fischeri that can be co-opted for PG biosynthesis, with concomitant D-cycloserine resistance. IMPORTANCE D-Amino acids are used and produced by organisms across all domains of life, but often, their origins and roles are not well understood. In bacteria, D-ala and D-glu are structural components of the canonical peptidoglycan cell wall and are generated by dedicated racemases Alr and MurI, respectively. The more recent discovery of additional bacterial racemases is broadening our view and deepening our understanding of D-amino acid metabolism. Here, while exploring alternative PG biosynthetic pathways in Vibrio fischeri, we unexpectedly shed light on an unusual racemase, BsrF. Our results illustrate a novel mechanism for the evolution of antibiotic resistance and provide a new avenue for exploring the roles of non-canonical racemases and D-amino acids in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macey N. Coppinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathrin Laramore
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David L. Popham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric V. Stabb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Fung BL, Esin JJ, Visick KL. Vibrio fischeri: a model for host-associated biofilm formation. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0037023. [PMID: 38270381 PMCID: PMC10882983 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00370-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicellular communities of adherent bacteria known as biofilms are often detrimental in the context of a human host, making it important to study their formation and dispersal, especially in animal models. One such model is the symbiosis between the squid Euprymna scolopes and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Juvenile squid hatch aposymbiotically and selectively acquire their symbiont from natural seawater containing diverse environmental microbes. Successful pairing is facilitated by ciliary movements that direct bacteria to quiet zones on the surface of the squid's symbiotic light organ where V. fischeri forms a small aggregate or biofilm. Subsequently, the bacteria disperse from that aggregate to enter the organ, ultimately reaching and colonizing deep crypt spaces. Although transient, aggregate formation is critical for optimal colonization and is tightly controlled. In vitro studies have identified a variety of polysaccharides and proteins that comprise the extracellular matrix. Some of the most well-characterized matrix factors include the symbiosis polysaccharide (SYP), cellulose polysaccharide, and LapV adhesin. In this review, we discuss these components, their regulation, and other less understood V. fischeri biofilm contributors. We also highlight what is currently known about dispersal from these aggregates and host cues that may promote it. Finally, we briefly describe discoveries gleaned from the study of other V. fischeri isolates. By unraveling the complexities involved in V. fischeri's control over matrix components, we may begin to understand how the host environment triggers transient biofilm formation and dispersal to promote this unique symbiotic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Fung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Esin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen L. Visick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Mastroberardino A, Casaburi F, Canino R, Iannone M, Procopio S. Toxicity evaluation of the contaminated area of Crotone from biological indicators: a multispecies approach. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:473. [PMID: 36928511 PMCID: PMC10020318 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by toxic industrial waste has become a major issue in many countries. Of particular concern is the reuse of toxic hazardous waste in construction materials. This paper examined for the first time the chemical and radiation ecotoxicity of site-specific Technological Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) residues from phosphate processing industry in soil environmental matrices through bioindicators. The area under investigation was the former industrial district of Crotone (Calabria, Italy), recently included within the Sites of National Interest (SIN), comprising the 42 Italian national priority contaminated sites. Major biological exposure pathways considered were absorption and bioaccumulation. The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were employed as aquatic bioindicators, while for the soil ecosystem, the seeds of Sorghum saccharatum and Lepidium sativum were used. Selection of test species aimed at assessing the toxicity of wastes in soil as well as in freshwater or marine systems. Results indicated V. fischeri as the most sensitive of all the species tested (5.56 g/L), while D. magna was found to be affected at 94.27 g/L. An overall inhibition was observed in seedling growth as compared to control at the highest concentration of the pollutants (100 g/L), while seed germination was not adversely affected by the pollutant. At this preliminary level, data indicated a potential risk for biodiversity of the area. In fact, the measured toxicity thresholds, even if above 100 mg/L, are comparable to concentrations of the toxicants spread all over the territory of Crotone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mastroberardino
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria and National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Gruppo Collegato of Cosenza, Rende, Italy.
| | - Filomena Casaburi
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection ARPACal, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Canino
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection ARPACal, Catanzaro, Italy
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Speare L, Jackson A, Septer AN. Calcium Promotes T6SS-Mediated Killing and Aggregation between Competing Symbionts. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0139722. [PMID: 36453912 PMCID: PMC9769598 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01397-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use a variety of strategies to exclude competitors from accessing resources, including space within a host niche. Because these mechanisms are typically costly to deploy, they are often tightly regulated for use in environments where the benefits outweigh the energetic cost. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a competitive mechanism that allows inhibitors to kill competing microbes by physically puncturing and translocating cytotoxic effectors directly into neighboring competitor cells. Although T6SSs are encoded in both symbiotic and free-living taxa where they may be actively secreting into the extracellular milieu during growth in liquid culture, there is little evidence for bacteria engaging in T6SS-mediated, contact-dependent killing under low-viscosity liquid conditions. Here, we determined that calcium acts as a pH-dependent cue to activate the assembly of an antibacterial T6SS in a Vibrio fischeri light organ symbiont in a low-viscosity liquid medium. Moreover, competing V. fischeri isolates formed mixed-strain aggregates that promoted the contact necessary for T6SS-dependent elimination of a target population. Our findings expand our knowledge of V. fischeri T6SS ecology and identify a low-viscosity liquid condition where cells engage in contact-dependent killing. IMPORTANCE Microbes deploy competitive mechanisms to gain access to resources such as nutrients or space within an ecological niche. Identifying when and where these strategies are employed can be challenging given the complexity and variability of most natural systems; therefore, studies evaluating specific cues that conditionally regulate interbacterial competition can inform the ecological context for such competition. In this work, we identified a pH-dependent chemical cue in seawater, calcium, which promotes activation of a contact-dependent interbacterial weapon in the marine symbiont Vibrio fischeri. This finding underscores the importance of using ecologically relevant salts in growth media and the ability of bacterial cells to sense and integrate multiple environmental cues to assess the need for a weapon. Identification of these cues provides insight into the types of environments where employing a weapon is advantageous to the survival and propagation of a bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Speare
- Department of Earth, Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Aundre Jackson
- Department of Earth, Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alecia N. Septer
- Department of Earth, Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Portillo AE, Readel E, Armstrong DW. Production of both l- and d- N-acyl-homoserine lactones by Burkholderia cepacia and Vibrio fischeri. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1242. [PMID: 34964286 PMCID: PMC8591449 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a complex process in which molecules, such as l-N-acyl-homoserine lactones (l-AHLs), are produced as essential signaling molecules allowing bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation. Few studies have considered the natural production and role of the opposite enantiomers, d-AHLs. In this work, production of d,l-AHLs by Burkholderia cepacia and Vibrio fischeri was monitored over time, with significant amounts of d-AHLs detected. Bioluminescence of V. fischeri was observed with maximum bioluminescence correlating with the maximum concentrations of both l- and d- octanoyl-homoserine lactones (l- and d-OHL). l-Methionine, a precursor to l-AHLs, was examined via supplementation studies conducted by growing three parallel cultures of B. cepacia in M9 minimal media with added l-, d-, or d,l-methionine and observing their effect on the production of d,l-AHL by B. cepacia. The results show that addition of any methionine (l-, d-, or d,l-) does not affect the overall ratio of l- to d-AHLs, that is d-AHL production was not selectively enhanced by d-methionine addition. However, the overall AHL (l- and d-) concentration does increase with the addition of any methionine supplement. These findings indicate the possibility of a distinct biosynthetic pathway for d-AHL production, possibly exposing a new dimension within bacterial communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud E. Portillo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - Elizabeth Readel
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
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Methneni N, González JAM, Van Loco J, Anthonissen R, de Maele JV, Verschaeve L, Fernandez-Serrano M, Mansour HB. Ecotoxicity profile of heavily contaminated surface water of two rivers in Tunisia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 82:103550. [PMID: 33227413 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic and inorganic contaminants generated by industrial effluent wastes poses a threat to the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems and public health. The Khniss and Hamdoun rivers, located in the central-east of Tunisia, receive regularly domestic and textile wastewater load. The present study aimed to survey the water quality of these rivers using physicochemical, analytical and toxicological approaches. In the physicochemical analysis, the recorded levels of COD and TSS in both samples exceed the Tunisian standards. Using the analytical approach, several metals and some textile dyes were detected. Indeed, 17 metals were detected in both samples in varying concentrations, which do not exceed the Tunisian standards. The sources of metals pollution can be of natural and anthropogenic origin. Three textile disperse dyes were detected with high levels compared to other studies: the disperse orange 37 was detected in the Khniss river with a concentration of 6.438 μg/L and the disperse red 1 and the disperse yellow 3 were detected in the Hamdoun river with concentrations of 3.873 μg/L and 1895 μg/L, respectively. Textile activities were the major sources of disperse dyes. For both samples, acute and chronic ecotoxicity was observed in all the studied organisms, however, no genotoxic activity was detected. The presence of metals and textile disperse dyes could be associated with the ecotoxicological effects observed in the river waters, in particular due to the industrial activity, a fact that could deteriorate the ecosystem and therefore threaten the human health of the population living in the study areas. Combining chemical and biological approaches, allowed the detection of water ecotoxicity in testing organisms and the identification of possible contributors to the toxicity observed in these multi-stressed water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosra Methneni
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Verschaeve
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Koba-Ucun O, Ölmez Hanci T, Arslan-Alaton I, Arefi-Oskoui S, Khataee A, Kobya M, Orooji Y. Toxicity of Zn-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide to Different Organisms in the Aquatic Environment. Molecules 2021; 26:E395. [PMID: 33451084 PMCID: PMC7828569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials as catalysts has attracted great interest due to their unique structural features. It also triggered the need to study their fate and behavior in the aquatic environment. In the present study, Zn-Fe nanolayered double hydroxides (Zn-Fe LDHs) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses. The toxicity of the home-made Zn-Fe LDHs catalyst was examined by employing a variety of aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, namely the marine photobacterium Vibrio fischeri, the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, and the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. From the experimental results, it was evident that the acute toxicity of the catalyst depended on the exposure time and type of selected test organism. Zn-Fe LDHs toxicity was also affected by its physical state in suspension, chemical composition, as well as interaction with the bioassay test medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koba-Ucun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; (O.K.-U.); (T.Ö.H.)
| | - Tuğba Ölmez Hanci
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; (O.K.-U.); (T.Ö.H.)
| | - Idil Arslan-Alaton
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; (O.K.-U.); (T.Ö.H.)
| | - Samira Arefi-Oskoui
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Gebze, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Kobya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Gebze, Turkey;
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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Abstract
Many studies have been devoted to the engineering of cellular biosensors by exploiting intrinsic natural sensors. However, biosensors rely not only on input detection but also on an adequate response range. It is therefore often necessary to tune natural systems to meet the demands of specific applications in a predictable manner. In this study, we explored the customizability of two-component bacterial biosensors by modulating the main biosensor component, i.e., the receptor protein. We developed a mathematical model that describes the functional relationship between receptor abundance and activation threshold, sensitivity, dynamic range, and operating range. The defined mathematical framework allows the design of the genetic architecture of a two-component biosensor that can perform as required with minimal genetic engineering. To experimentally validate the model and its predictions, a library of biosensors was constructed. The good agreement between theoretical designs and experimental results indicates that modulation of receptor protein abundance allows optimization of biosensor designs with minimal genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gonzalez-Flo
- Synthetic Biology for Biomedical Applications Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Elisenda Alaball
- Synthetic Biology for Biomedical Applications Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Imperial College London, Gradpad Wood Lane, 80 Wood Lane Flat B417, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Javier Macia
- Synthetic Biology for Biomedical Applications Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Wang K, Li Y, Huang J, Xu L, Yin L, Ji Y, Wang C, Xu Z, Niu J. Insights into electrochemical decomposition mechanism of lipopolysaccharide using TiO 2 nanotubes arrays electrode. J Hazard Mater 2020; 391:122259. [PMID: 32062543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical decomposition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was firstly investigated over titania nanotubes (TNTs) arrays electrode. The TNTs layer of this electrode consisted of numerous tubular structures which arranged tightly, and the average diameter of each nanotube is 100 ± 5 nm. The degradation of LPS and polysaccharides followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The optimal LPS removal ratio was nearly 80 %. The endotoxin toxicity of LPS steadily decreased during the electrolysis process. The acute toxicity of the intermediates increased suddenly at the beginning of electrochemical degradation process (< 5 min), then maintained high inhibition ratio (> 95 %) for about 150 min, and decreased significantly (< 10 %) after electrolysis for 240 min. After 20 min of electrolysis, LPS with molecular weight of 116,854 Da was transformed into small molecular compounds with molecular weights of 59,312 - 12,209 Da. Possible degradation and detoxification mechanisms of LPS including electric-field-force-driving accumulation, adsorption and direct electron transfer on TNTs arrays electrode, and •OH oxidation were proposed. This study underscores that electrochemical technique can be applied to eliminate and decrease the toxicity of LPS from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Junxiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yangyuan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zesheng Xu
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China.
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Zhang Q, Queneau Y, Soulère L. Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of New Carbamate, Thiocarbamate, and Hydrazide Analogues of Acyl Homoserine Lactones as Vibrio fischeri-Quorum Sensing Modulators. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030455. [PMID: 32183409 PMCID: PMC7175117 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of carbamate, thiocarbamate, and hydrazide analogues of acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) were synthesized and their ability to modulate Vibrio fischeri-quorum sensing was evaluated. The compounds in the series exhibit variable side chain length and the possible presence of a diversely substituted phenyl substituent. Biological evaluation on the Vibrio fischeri quorum sensing system revealed that the ethyl substituted carbamate (1) display a weak agonistic activity whereas compounds with longer chain length or benzyl substituents display significant antagonistic activity. The most active compounds in the series were the 4-nitrobenzyl carbamate and thiocarbamate 7 and 11 which exhibited an IC50 value of about 20 µM. These activities are in the range of other reported of AHL-structurally related quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. Docking experiments conducted on the LuxR model showed that, compared to the natural ligand OHHL, the additional heteroatom of the carbamate group induces a new hydrogen bond with Tyr70 leading to a different global hydrogen-bond network. Tyr70 is an important residue in the binding site and is strictly conserved in the LuxR family. For the 4-nitrobenzyl carbamate and thiocarbamate analogues, the docking results highlight an additional hydrogen bond between the nitro group and Lys178. For hydrazide analogues, which are deprived of any activity, docking shows that the orientation of the carbonyl group is opposite as compared with the natural ligand, leading to the absence of a H-bond between the C=O with Tyr62. This suggests that, either this later interaction, or the influence of the C=O orientation on the overall ligand conformation, are essential for the biological activity.
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Mierzejewska E, Baran A, Urbaniak M. Biodegradation Potential and Ecotoxicity Assessment in Soil Extracts Amended with Phenoxy Acid Herbicide (2,4-D) and a Structurally-Similar Plant Secondary Metabolite (Ferulic Acid). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:200-205. [PMID: 31781814 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxy acid 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acid) is one of the most commonly-used herbicide in agriculture. Biodegradation of 2,4-D can be stimulated by structurally-related plant secondary metabolites such as ferulic acid (FA). The aim of this study is to: (1) assess the potential of indigenous soil bacteria to degrade 2,4-D in the presence of FA by PCR analysis of functional tfdA genes, (2) to determine the influence of 2,4-D and FA on samples ecotoxicity using Phytotoxkit® and Microtox® biotests. The detection of tfdA genes varied depending on the enrichment of samples with FA. FA suppressed detection of the tfdA genes, 100 µM 2,4-D induced higher detection of studied amplicons, while 500 µM 2,4-D delayed their detection. The ecotoxicity response was specific and differed between plants (PE% Lepidium sativum > Sinapis alba > Sorghum saccharatum) and bacteria (PE% up to 99% for Vibrio fischeri). Our findings confirm that 2,4-D and FA had a toxic influence on the used organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Mierzejewska
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbaniak
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sun H, Pan Y, Chen X, Jiang W, Lin Z, Yin C. Regular time-dependent cross-phenomena induced by hormesis: A case study of binary antibacterial mixtures to Aliivibrio fischeri. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 187:109823. [PMID: 31639641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent cross-phenomenon in which the cross between the actual concentration-response curve (CRC) for mixture crosses the CRCs for reference model varies with time has been frequently reported in previous studies, expressed as a heterogeneous pattern of joint toxic action. However, the variation tendency of time-dependent cross-phenomenon is rarely addressed. In this study, the joint toxic actions of binary antibacterial mixtures (i.e., two quorum sensing inhibitors, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol with sulfonamides) were judged using independent action (IA) model to find the variation tendency of time-dependent cross-phenomenon. The results show that the time-dependent cross-phenomena of the test binary antibacterial mixtures follow a unified variation tendency and the corresponding joint toxic actions change regularly with an increase of both concentration and time. Through investigating the relationship between the stimulatory and inhibitory modes of action for the single agents and the time-dependent cross-phenomena of binary mixtures, the regular time-dependent cross-phenomena is speculated to be derived from the hormetic effects of the components in the mixtures. This study offers an advance for the variation tendency and mechanistic explanation of time-dependent cross-phenomenon, which will provide a support for the future development in the exploration of time-dependent cross-phenomenon and environmental risk assessment of pollutant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzheng Pan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Shanghai Customs Inspection Center of Industrial Products & Raw Material, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Customs Inspection Center of Industrial Products & Raw Material, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Chunsheng Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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13
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Turek M, Pawłowska B, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Biczak R, Skalik J, Owsianik K, Marciniak B, Bałczewski P. Ecotoxicity of ammonium chlorophenoxyacetate derivatives towards aquatic organisms: Unexpected enhanced toxicity upon oxygen by sulfur replacement. J Hazard Mater 2020; 382:121086. [PMID: 31465943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxyacetate herbicides, such as 2,4-D and MCPA, having a high toxicity to non-target organisms are commonly used for controlling broadleaf weeds in agriculture. However, novel and environmentally friendly analogs are constantly sought after. For this purpose, various substituents at the phenyl group have been tested to find the optimal balance between the potent herbicidal activity and safety for non-target species. In this work, we investigated the influence of the oxygen by sulfur replacement in the phenoxy moiety of ammonium chlorophenoxyacetates on the toxicity towards aquatic organisms, such as bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), water flea (Daphnia magna) and freshwater fish (Pimephales promelas) by determining experimental (Microtox® test - V. fischeri) and predicted (ACD Lab Percepta software - D. magna, P. promelas) EC50/LC50 values. The achieved results showed that in contrary to the literature observations, where O-compounds were more toxic than their S-analogs (urea/thiourea), the O/S replacement in chlorophenoxyacetate significantly increased ecotoxicity of the S-analogs (up to 11 times). Moreover, one- and two-substituted phenoxyacetates in the form of ammonium salts were less toxic to V. fischeri than the commercially available phenoxy herbicides in the acid form. The logP/logD values were also calculated to understand hydro/lipophilic nature of the investigated compounds and differences in their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Turek
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42-201, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42-201, Poland
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42-201, Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42-201, Poland
| | - Joanna Skalik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź, 90-363, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Owsianik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź, 90-363, Poland
| | - Bernard Marciniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42-201, Poland
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, Częstochowa, 42-201, Poland; Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Łódź, 90-363, Poland.
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14
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Fernandes JMC, Sousa RMOF, Fraga I, Sampaio A, Amaral C, Bezerra RMF, Dias AA. Fungal biodegradation and multi-level toxicity assessment of vinasse from distillation of winemaking by-products. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124572. [PMID: 31422312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The wastewaters from distilleries of winemaking by-products, a scarcely studied type of vinasse, were treated by white-rot fungal strains from species Irpex lacteus, Ganoderma resinaceum, Trametes versicolor, Phlebia rufa and Bjerkandera adusta. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate fungal performance during vinasse biodegradation, their enzyme patterns and ecotoxicity evolution throughout treatment. Despite all strains were able to promote strong (>80%) dephenolization and reduction of total organic carbon (TOC), P. rufa was less affected by vinasse toxicity and exhibit better decolorization. In batch cultures at 28 °C and pH 4.0, the first phase of P. rufa biodegradation kinetics was characterized by strong metabolic activity with simultaneous depletion of TOC, phenolics and sugars. The main events of second phase are the increase of peroxidases production after the peak of laccase activity, and strong color removal. At the end of treatment, it was observed highly significant (p < 0.001) abatement of pollution parameters (83-100% removal). Since water reclamation and reuse for e.g. crop irrigation is a priority issue, vinasse ecotoxicity was assessed with bioindicators representing three different phylogenetic and trophic levels: a marine bacterium (Aliivibrio fischeri), a freshwater microcrustacean (Daphnia magna) and a dicotyledonous macrophyte (Lepidium sativum). It was observed significant (p < 0.05) reduction of initial vinasse toxicity, as evaluated by these bioindicators, deserving special mention an almost complete phytotoxicity elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M C Fernandes
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rose Marie O F Sousa
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Irene Fraga
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Amaral
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M F Bezerra
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Albino A Dias
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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15
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Lynch JB, Schwartzman JA, Bennett BD, McAnulty SJ, Knop M, Nyholm SV, Ruby EG. Ambient pH Alters the Protein Content of Outer Membrane Vesicles, Driving Host Development in a Beneficial Symbiosis. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00319-19. [PMID: 31331976 PMCID: PMC6755730 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00319-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are continuously produced by Gram-negative bacteria and are increasingly recognized as ubiquitous mediators of bacterial physiology. In particular, OMVs are powerful effectors in interorganismal interactions, driven largely by their molecular contents. These impacts have been studied extensively in bacterial pathogenesis but have not been well documented within the context of mutualism. Here, we examined the proteomic composition of OMVs from the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which forms a specific mutualism with the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes We found that V. fischeri upregulates transcription of its major outer membrane protein, OmpU, during growth at an acidic pH, which V. fischeri experiences when it transitions from its environmental reservoir to host tissues. We used comparative genomics and DNA pulldown analyses to search for regulators of ompU and found that differential expression of ompU is governed by the OmpR, H-NS, and ToxR proteins. This transcriptional control combines with nutritional conditions to govern OmpU levels in OMVs. Under a host-encountered acidic pH, V. fischeri OMVs become more potent stimulators of symbiotic host development in an OmpU-dependent manner. Finally, we found that symbiotic development could be stimulated by OMVs containing a homolog of OmpU from the pathogenic species Vibrio cholerae, connecting the role of a well-described virulence factor with a mutualistic element. This work explores the symbiotic effects of OMV variation, identifies regulatory machinery shared between pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria, and provides evidence of the role that OMVs play in animal-bacterium mutualism.IMPORTANCE Beneficial bacteria communicate with their hosts through a variety of means. These communications are often carried out by a combination of molecules that stimulate responses from the host and are necessary for development of the relationship between these organisms. Naturally produced bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain many of those molecules and can stimulate a wide range of responses from recipient organisms. Here, we describe how a marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, changes the makeup of its OMVs under conditions that it experiences as it goes from its free-living lifestyle to associating with its natural host, the Hawaiian bobtail squid. This work improves our understanding of how bacteria change their signaling profile as they begin to associate with their beneficial partner animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Lynch
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julia A Schwartzman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brittany D Bennett
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Sarah J McAnulty
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Spencer V Nyholm
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Edward G Ruby
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Nguyen CH, Field JA, Sierra-Alvarez R. Microbial toxicity of gallium- and indium-based oxide and arsenide nanoparticles. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 55:168-178. [PMID: 31607225 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1676065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
III-V semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium arsenide (InAs) are increasingly used in the fabrication of electronic devices. There is a growing concern about the potential release of these materials into the environment leading to effects on public and environmental health. The waste effluents from the chemical mechanical planarization process could impact microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment systems. Currently, there is only limited information about the inhibition of gallium- and indium-based nanoparticles (NPs) on microorganisms. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of GaAs, InAs, gallium oxide (Ga2O3), and indium oxide (In2O3) particulates using two microbial inhibition assays targeting methanogenic archaea and the marine bacterium, Aliivibrio fischeri. GaAs and InAs NPs were acutely toxic towards these microorganisms; Ga2O3 and In2O3 NPs were not. The toxic effect was mainly due to the release of soluble arsenic species and it increased with decreasing particle size and with increasing time due to the progressive corrosion of the NPs in the aqueous bioassay medium. Collectively, the results indicate that the toxicity exerted by the arsenide NPs under environmental conditions will vary depending on intrinsic properties of the material such as particle size as well as on the dissolution time and aqueous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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17
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Logemann A, Schafberg M, Brockmeyer B. Using the HPTLC-bioluminescence bacteria assay for the determination of acute toxicities in marine sediments and its eligibility as a monitoring assessment tool. Chemosphere 2019; 233:936-945. [PMID: 31340421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For an integrated ecological risk assessment of marine sediment contamination, the determination of target-compound concentrations by e.g. mass spectrometric methods is not sufficient to explain sediment toxicity. Due to the presence of a multitude of environmental contaminants in this complex matrix causing a mixed toxicity, the identification and assessment of main toxicants is a challenge. One approach in identifying main toxicants is the application of effect-directed analysis (EDA). In this study, an EDA approach was developed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled to bioluminescence bacteria detection with Aliivibrio fischeri for the determination of marine sediments acute toxicity. In a first attempt, the HPTLC separation was optimized with a fast, two-step gradient to separate main hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) classes found in marine sediments. An easy-to-use evaluation script for the resulting bioluminescence inhibition images was programed using R. The developed method was applied to sediment extracts of two different sample sets: (i) Fourteen marine sediment samples from the German Bight representing a wide range of contaminant loads and sediment properties and (ii) sediment samples from a core representing temporal trends of contamination. Results from the HPTLC-bioluminescence bacteria assay were compared to HOC concentrations determined by GC-MS/MS. A correlation of the determined inhibition Γ-values for the PAH inhibition zone to PAH concentrations showed a very good agreement (R2 = 0.91). The results of this study were used to evaluate the suitability of the EDA approach to be used as an assessment tool for marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Logemann
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michaela Schafberg
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Berit Brockmeyer
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Schwartzman JA, Lynch JB, Ramos SF, Zhou L, Apicella MA, Yew JY, Ruby EG. Acidic pH promotes lipopolysaccharide modification and alters colonization in a bacteria-animal mutualism. Mol Microbiol 2019; 112:1326-1338. [PMID: 31400167 PMCID: PMC6823639 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pH can be an important cue for symbiotic bacteria as they colonize their eukaryotic hosts. Using the model mutualism between the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the Hawaiian bobtail squid, we characterized the bacterial transcriptional response to acidic pH experienced during the shift from planktonic to host-associated lifestyles. We found several genes involved in outer membrane structure were differentially expressed based on pH, indicating alterations in membrane physiology as V. fischeri initiates its symbiotic program. Exposure to host-like pH increased the resistance of V. fischeri to the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymixin B, which resembles antibacterial molecules that are produced by the squid to select V. fischeri from the ocean microbiota. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified a homolog of eptA, a predicted phosphoethanolamine transferase, as critical for antimicrobial defense. We used MALDI-MS to verify eptA as an ethanolamine transferase for the lipid-A portion of V. fischeri lipopolysaccharide. We then used a DNA pulldown approach to discover that eptA transcription is activated by the global regulator H-NS. Finally, we revealed that eptA promotes successful squid colonization by V. fischeri, supporting its potential role in initiation of this highly specific symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Schwartzman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Lynch
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu HI, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Michael A. Apicella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City IA, USA
| | - Joanne Y. Yew
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu HI, USA
| | - Edward G. Ruby
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu HI, USA
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19
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Williams CF, Geroni GM, Lloyd D, Choi H, Clark N, Pirog A, Lees J, Porch A. Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri: bacteria respond quickly and sensitively to pulsed microwave electric (but not magnetic) fields. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 30816030 PMCID: PMC6992959 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems with intrinsic luminescent properties serve as powerful and noninvasive bioreporters for real-time and label-free monitoring of cell physiology. This study employs the bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri to investigate the effects of separated microwave electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields. Using a cylindrical TM010 mode aluminum resonant cavity, designed to spatially separate E and H fields of a pulsed microwave (2.45 GHz) input, we sampled at 100-ms intervals the 490-nm emission of bioluminescence from suspensions of the V. fischeri. E-field exposure (at 4.24 and 13.4 kV/m) results in rapid and sensitive responses to 100-ms pulses. H-field excitation elicits no measurable responses, even at 100-fold higher power input levels (equivalent to 183 A/m). The observed effects on bacterial light output partially correlate with measured E-field-induced temperature increases. In conclusion, the endogenous bioluminescence of V. fischeri provides a sensitive and noninvasive method to assess the biological effects of microwave fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin F. Williams
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Catrin F. Williams, E-mail:
| | - Gilles M. Geroni
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David Lloyd
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Heungjae Choi
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Clark
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Pirog
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Lees
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Porch
- Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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20
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Becouze-Lareure C, Lipeme Kouyi G, Gonzalez-Merchan C, Bazin C, Sebastian C, Barraud S, Perrodin Y. Spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment ecotoxicity in urban stormwater retention basins: Methodological approach and application to a pilot site close to Lyon in France. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:1123-1130. [PMID: 30596316 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1529894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the spatio-temporal variation of sediment ecotoxicity in a retention/detention basin, a monitoring program using the Heterocypris incongruens bioassay was carried out for 72 months (5 years) on a field basin close to Lyon in France. Results showed that the variation of ecotoxicity is relatively small from one location of the basin to another, apart from sediment sampling collected in an open-air chamber located in basin supposed to collect gross pollutants and hydrocarbons. Regarding the temporal variation of ecotoxicity, the bioassays also showed a slight variation between 6 and 72 months. On the contrary, they highlighted the high ecotoxicity of the "fresh" sediments collected during rain events using sediment traps. Additional investigations are needed to understand the period of inflexion of ecotoxicity, occurring between 24 h and 6 months. These results can be used by practitioners of urban facilities and networks to improve maintenance strategies of retention/detention basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Becouze-Lareure
- a ENTPE, LEHNA UMR CNRS 5023, University of Lyon , Lyon , France
- b University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, Villeurbanne cedex , Lyon , France
| | | | - Carolina Gonzalez-Merchan
- a ENTPE, LEHNA UMR CNRS 5023, University of Lyon , Lyon , France
- b University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, Villeurbanne cedex , Lyon , France
| | | | - Christel Sebastian
- b University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, Villeurbanne cedex , Lyon , France
| | - Sylvie Barraud
- b University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, Villeurbanne cedex , Lyon , France
| | - Yves Perrodin
- a ENTPE, LEHNA UMR CNRS 5023, University of Lyon , Lyon , France
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21
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Duarte Baumer J, Valério A, de Souza SMAGU, Erzinger GS, Furigo A, de Souza AAU. Toxicity of enzymatically decolored textile dyes solution by horseradish peroxidase. J Hazard Mater 2018; 360:82-88. [PMID: 30098532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative systems including enzymatic systems have been widely studied as an alternative for textile effluents treatment. However, studies have shown that some oxidative processes can produce degradation products with higher toxicity than the untreated dye. In this work, enzymatic dye decolorization was evaluated by horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) and the toxicity of discoloration products was evaluate against Daphnia magna, Euglena gracilis algae, and Vibrio fischeri. Dye decolorization kinetics data were evaluated and the pseudo-second-order model showed the best-fitting to the experimental data. In addition, it was observed an increased acute and chronic toxicity associated with the decolorization efficiency. The Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Black dye showed the highest toxicity against D. Magna (16 toxicity factor) and V. Fischeri (32 toxicity factor) after enzymatic decolorization. For the chronic toxicity against D. Magna, Reactive Red was the only dye with no fertility inhibition. In relation to toxicity tests with E. gracilis algae, it was not observed photosynthetic inhibition for all dyes. This study verified the viability of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase in the textile dyes decolorization and the importance to evaluate the decolorization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Duarte Baumer
- Federal University of Santa Catarina - USFC, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Florianópolis, SC, Zip code: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Valério
- Federal University of Santa Catarina - USFC, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Florianópolis, SC, Zip code: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Selene M A Guelli Ulson de Souza
- Federal University of Santa Catarina - USFC, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Florianópolis, SC, Zip code: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gilmar S Erzinger
- Federal University of Santa Catarina - USFC, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Florianópolis, SC, Zip code: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Agenor Furigo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina - USFC, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Florianópolis, SC, Zip code: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Ulson de Souza
- Federal University of Santa Catarina - USFC, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Florianópolis, SC, Zip code: 88040-900, Brazil.
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Jones RM, Popham DL, Schmidt AL, Neidle EL, Stabb EV. Vibrio fischeri DarR Directs Responses to d-Aspartate and Represents a Group of Similar LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:e00773-17. [PMID: 29437849 PMCID: PMC6040199 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00773-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that d-amino acids play previously underappreciated roles in diverse organisms. In bacteria, even d-amino acids that are absent from canonical peptidoglycan (PG) may act as growth substrates, as signals, or in other functions. Given these proposed roles and the ubiquity of d-amino acids, the paucity of known d-amino-acid-responsive transcriptional control mechanisms in bacteria suggests that such regulation awaits discovery. We found that DarR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR), activates transcription in response to d-Asp. The d-Glu auxotrophy of a Vibrio fischerimurI::Tn mutant was suppressed, with the wild-type PG structure maintained, by a point mutation in darR This darR mutation resulted in the overexpression of an adjacent operon encoding a putative aspartate racemase, RacD, which compensated for the loss of the glutamate racemase encoded by murI Using transcriptional reporters, we found that wild-type DarR activated racD transcription in response to exogenous d-Asp but not upon the addition of l-Asp, l-Glu, or d-Glu. A DNA sequence typical of LTTR-binding sites was identified between darR and the divergently oriented racD operon, and scrambling this sequence eliminated activation of the reporter in response to d-Asp. In several proteobacteria, genes encoding LTTRs similar to DarR are linked to genes with predicted roles in d- and/or l-Asp metabolism. To test the functional similarities in another bacterium, darR and racD mutants were also generated in Acinetobacter baylyi In V. fischeri and A. baylyi, growth on d-Asp required the presence of both darR and racD Our results suggest that multiple bacteria have the ability to sense and respond to d-Asp.IMPORTANCE d-Amino acids are prevalent in the environment and are generated by organisms from all domains of life. Although some biological roles for d-amino acids are understood, in other cases, their functions remain uncertain. Given the ubiquity of d-amino acids, it seems likely that bacteria will initiate transcriptional responses to them. Elucidating d-amino acid-responsive regulators along with the genes they control will help uncover bacterial uses of d-amino acids. Here, we report the discovery of DarR, a novel LTTR in V. fischeri that mediates a transcriptional response to environmental d-Asp and underpins the catabolism of d-Asp. DarR represents the founding member of a group of bacterial homologs that we hypothesize control aspects of aspartate metabolism in response to d-Asp and/or to d-Asp-containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David L Popham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Alicia L Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ellen L Neidle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric V Stabb
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Carles L, Joly M, Bonnemoy F, Leremboure M, Donnadieu F, Batisson I, Besse-Hoggan P. Biodegradation and toxicity of a maize herbicide mixture: mesotrione, nicosulfuron and S-metolachlor. J Hazard Mater 2018; 354:42-53. [PMID: 29727789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of chemical mixture toxicity is a major concern regarding unintentional mixture of pesticides from agricultural lands treated with various such compounds. We focused our work on a mixture of three herbicides commonly applied on maize crops within a fortnight, namely mesotrione (β-triketone), nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea) and S-metolachlor (chloroacetanilide). The metabolic pathways of mesotrione and nicosulfuron were qualitatively and quantitatively determined with a bacterial strain (Bacillus megaterium Mes11). This strain was isolated from an agricultural soil and able to biotransform both these herbicides. Although these pathways were unaffected in the case of binary or ternary herbicide mixtures, kinetics of nicosulfuron disappearance and also of mesotrione and nicosulfuron metabolite formation was strongly modulated. The toxicity of the parent compounds and metabolites was evaluated for individual compounds and mixtures with the standardized Microtox® test. Synergistic interactions were evidenced for all the parent compound mixtures. Synergistic, antagonistic or additive toxicity was obtained depending on the metabolite mixture. Overall, these results emphasize the need to take into account the active ingredient and metabolites all together for the determination of environmental fate and toxicity of pesticide mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Carles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Muriel Joly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnemoy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martin Leremboure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Donnadieu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Batisson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Besse-Hoggan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Ríos F, Fernández-Arteaga A, Fernández-Serrano M, Jurado E, Lechuga M. Silica micro- and nanoparticles reduce the toxicity of surfactant solutions. J Hazard Mater 2018; 353:436-443. [PMID: 29704795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the toxicity of hydrophilic fumed silica micro- and nanoparticles of various sizes (7 nm, 12 nm, and 50 μm) was evaluated using the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. In addition, the toxicity of an anionic surfactant solution (ether carboxylic acid), a nonionic surfactant solution (alkyl polyglucoside), and a binary (1:1) mixture of these solutions all containing these silica particles was evaluated. Furthermore, this work discusses the adsorption of surfactants onto particle surfaces and evaluates the effects of silica particles on the surface tension and critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these anionic and nonionic surfactants. It was determined that silica particles can be considered as non-toxic and that silica particles reduce the toxicity of surfactant solutions. Nevertheless, the toxicity reduction depends on the ionic character of the surfactants. Differences can be explained by the different adsorption behavior of surfactants onto the particle surface, which is weaker for nonionic surfactants than for anionic surfactants. Regarding the effects on surface tension, it was found that silica particles increased the surface activity of anionic surfactants and considerably reduced their CMC, whereas in the case of nonionic surfactants, the effects were reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ríos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n., 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n., 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n., 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Encarnación Jurado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n., 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Lechuga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n., 18071, Granada, Spain
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Yu Z, Zhang J, Hou M. Time-dependent disturbances of chloride salts on overall redox reaction and luminescence in Vibrio fischeri. Chemosphere 2018; 199:122-129. [PMID: 29433025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The redox state of NADH/NADPH balance (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is crucial in cellular homeostasis. Recent studies reported that sodium halide ions (NaX, X = F-, Cl-, Br- and I-) stimulated NAD(P)H in Vibrio fischeri (VF). However, it remained unanswered whether this pattern applied in salts with other cations, e.g., K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, whose aquatic concentrations were increased by anthropogenic activities and climate change. Currently, VF were incubated with chloride salts, including KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2, and effects were measured in a time-dependent fashion. Both NADH and NADPH showed stimulation that increased over time, and the greatest maximum stimulation at 24 h was CaCl2 > MgCl2 > KCl. The changes of NADH/NADPH ratios over time in CaCl2, MgCl2 and KCl were descendent, ascendant and stable, respectively. Simultaneously, FMN:NAD(P)H reaction catalyst (luciferase, in the form of expression levels of lux A and lux B), adenosine triphosphate and the expression levels of its regulating gene adk were also stimulated. The luminescence showed even more significant stimulations than the overall redox reaction. Together with earlier reported effects of NaCl, the chloride salts commonly disturbed the redox state and influenced the adaption of organisms to challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 3014051 PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Meifang Hou
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
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26
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Parmaki S, Vyrides I, Vasquez MI, Hartman V, Zacharia I, Hadjiadamou I, Barbeitos CBM, Ferreira FC, Afonso CAM, Drouza C, Koutinas M. Bioconversion of alkaloids to high-value chemicals: Comparative analysis of newly isolated lupanine degrading strains. Chemosphere 2018; 193:50-59. [PMID: 29126065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the potential for development of a lupanine valorization process evaluating different isolated microorganisms for their capacity to metabolize the alkaloid. Ecotoxicological assessment demonstrated that lupanine is toxic for Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna exhibiting EC50 values of 89 mg L-1 and 47 mg L-1 respectively, while acting both as growth inhibitor for a monocotyledonous and as promoter for a dicotyledonous plant. Among the eight aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated and identified Rhodococcus rhodochrous LPK211 achieved 81% removal for 1.5 g L-1 lupanine, while no end-products were detected by NMR constituting a promising microorganism for lupanine biodegradation. Moreover, Rhodococcus ruber LPK111 and Rhodococcus sp. LPK311 exhibited 66% and 71% of removal respectively, including potential formation of lupanine N-oxide. Pseudomonas putida LPK411 reached 80% of lupanine removal and generated three fermentation products potentially comprising 17-oxolupanine and lupanine derivatives with open ring structures enabling the development of alkaloid valorization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Parmaki
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Viki Hartman
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Irene Zacharia
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Hadjiadamou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Catarina B M Barbeitos
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Ferreira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chrysoulla Drouza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Michalis Koutinas
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
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27
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Yu Z, Zhang J, Hou M. The time-dependent stimulation of sodium halide salts on redox reactants, energy supply and luminescence in Vibrio fischeri. J Hazard Mater 2018; 342:429-435. [PMID: 28858708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The excess of halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) can cause adverse effects. Earlier studies demonstrated time-dependent stimulations of organic salts with halide ions on photobacteria. Therefore, inorganic ones with halide ions (e.g., NaX, X=F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) were assumed to cause similar effects. In the present study, Vibrio fischeri was exposed to NaX. Results showed that the contents of favin mono-nucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were stimulated by NaX with a time-dependent fashion. The maximum stimulations on FMN at 24h were 172%, 168%, 211% and 298% of the control (p<0.05) in NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI, respectively, with an order of NaF≈NaCl<NaBr<NaI. The maximum stimulations on NAD(P)H at 24h followed similar orders. Similar time-dependent stimulatory effects were observed in the FMN:NAD(P)H reaction catalyst (luciferase, in the form of expression levels of lux A and lux B), adenosine triphosphate and the expression levels of its regulating gene adk. The luminescent stimulations were significantly higher than the biochemical ones despite of similar time-dependence and stimulation order among NaX. The overall results showed a common hormetic pattern in sodium halide salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
| | - Meifang Hou
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
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28
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Meshref MNA, Chelme-Ayala P, Gamal El-Din M. Fate and abundance of classical and heteroatomic naphthenic acid species after advanced oxidation processes: Insights and indicators of transformation and degradation. Water Res 2017; 125:62-71. [PMID: 28830000 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological effects from all components in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) are not known. Alternatively, monitoring the variations and abundance of different classes and compounds after treatments might be a useful approach in OSPW remediation. In this study, the variations in the compositions of classical and heteroatomic naphthenic acids (NAs) after treatment using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), mainly ozone and peroxone, and two different mass spectrometry methods; ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight (UPLC-TOFMS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR-MS), were examined. Two markers (O2S:O3S:O4S and O2:O4 ratios) were used to reveal changes and similarities of the treated water characteristics with those in natural waters. Both ratios decreased after all treatments, from 2.7:4.8:2.1 and 3.59 in raw OSPW to 0:1.4:0.5 and 0.7, respectively, in peroxone (1:2), becoming close to the reported ratios in natural waters. Toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri showed residual toxic effects after AOPs, suggesting that part of OSPW toxicity may be caused by specific compounds of NAs (i.e., similar reduction (50%) was achieved in both toxicity and abundance in O2 species with carbon 15-26) and/or generated by-products (e.g., O3S classes at double bond equivalent (DBE) = 4 and C9H12O2 at DBE = 4). Although by-products were generated, the best biodegradability enhancement and chemical oxygen demand reduction were achieved in peroxone (1:2) compared to ozone, suggesting the possibility of using combined OSPW remediation approaches (i.e., peroxone coupled with biological process). The recommended indicators can assist in evaluating the treatments' performance and in examining the best removal levels to accomplish significant toxicity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N A Meshref
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pamela Chelme-Ayala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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29
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Xia D, Yin R, Sun J, An T, Li G, Wang W, Zhao H, Wong PK. Natural magnetic pyrrhotite as a high-Efficient persulfate activator for micropollutants degradation: Radicals identification and toxicity evaluation. J Hazard Mater 2017; 340:435-444. [PMID: 28755551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study discusses the SO4- based process mediated by natural magnetic pyrrhotite (NP) for the degradation of refractory organic micropollutants. Complete degradation of 20μM phenol in distilled water (DW) was obtained within 20min using NP/PS (persulfate) system. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra indicated aerobic and acidic conditions favored the generation of both SO4- and OH species, but only OH signal was survived at alkaline condition. The leaked Fe2+ and Fe(II) of NP collectively work to activate PS and generate surface and bulk SO4- and OH simultaneously. The identified intermediates indicate the transformation of benzene ring is the key step for phenol degradation by NP/PS system. Moreover, phenol degradation was greatly inhibited in surface water (SW, 29%) and wastewater (WW, 1%), but 25.9% and 17.5% of TOC removal were obtained in the SW and WW during NP/PS treatment, respectively. Additionally, the acute toxicity tests for NP/PS process exhibited a fluctuating trend depending on the water matrix, while the genotoxic activity analysis indicated that the treated phenol solutions were not genotoxic but cytotoxic. Overall, this study provides a solution to abate refractory organic micropollutants in water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Xia
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianliang Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith Scholl of Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia; Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Po Keung Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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30
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Li AJ, Sang Z, Chow CH, Law JCF, Guo Y, Leung KSY. Environmental behavior of 12 UV filters and photocatalytic profile of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. J Hazard Mater 2017; 337:115-125. [PMID: 28511043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate (Et-PABA) is currently used as a substitute for 4-aminobenzoate (PABA) in sunscreens and anesthetic ointments. Despite its widespread use and hydrophilicity, Et-PABA has never been found in environmental waters. This study, probed the occurrence of Et-PABA in both seawater and drinking water sources in Hong Kong, and evaluated its transformation products (TPs) and environmental fate via cumulative potency and photocatalytic profile analyses. Another 11 UV filters used in skin-care products were also studied. Et-PABA was not detected in any water sample. Four other UV filters were dominant at ng/L level in both seawater and drinking water sources. UHPLC-QTOF-MS was used to elucidate the structure of TPs. With high resolution accurate mass data and fragment rationalization, 11 Et-PABA TPs were characterized, including seven intermediates firstly proposed as TPs; two compounds were reported for the first time. It is proposed that photocatalysis induces transformation pathways of (de)hydroxylation, demethylation and molecular rearrangement. Luminescent bacteria tests showed decreasing toxicity with increasing irradiation of Et-PABA, suggesting that irradiation TPs are less toxic than the parent compound. Transformation of Et-PABA appears to explain why Et-PABA has not been detected in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziye Sang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chi-Hang Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - K S-Y Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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31
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Thompson LR, Nikolakakis K, Pan S, Reed J, Knight R, Ruby EG. Transcriptional characterization of Vibrio fischeri during colonization of juvenile Euprymna scolopes. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1845-1856. [PMID: 28152560 PMCID: PMC5409853 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is the monospecific symbiont of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the establishment of this association involves a number of signaling pathways and transcriptional responses between both partners. We report here the first full RNA-Seq dataset representing host-associated V. fischeri cells from colonized juvenile E. scolopes, as well as comparative transcriptomes under both laboratory and simulated marine planktonic conditions. These data elucidate the broad transcriptional changes that these bacteria undergo during the early stages of symbiotic colonization. We report several previously undescribed and unexpected transcriptional responses within the early stages of this symbiosis, including gene expression patterns consistent with biochemical stresses inside the host, and metabolic patterns distinct from those reported in associations with adult animals. Integration of these transcriptional data with a recently developed metabolic model of V. fischeri provides us with a clearer picture of the metabolic state of symbionts within the juvenile host, including their possible carbon sources. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of the early stages of the squid-vibrio symbiosis, and more generally inform the transcriptional responses underlying the activities of marine microbes during host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kiel Nikolakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shu Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Reed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward G Ruby
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI, USA
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Oleszczuk P, Kołtowski M. Effect of co-application of nano-zero valent iron and biochar on the total and freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal and toxicity of contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2017; 168:1467-1476. [PMID: 27916262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate co-application of biochar and nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) in order to increase the degradation of PAHs and reduce the toxicity of soils historically contaminated with these compounds. To performed the experiment biochar, biochar with nZVI (2 g kg-1 or 10 g kg-1 soil), or nZVI alone (2 g kg-1 or 10 g kg-1 soil) were added to the PAHs contaminated soils. The soils alone and soils with amendments were aged by mixing for 7 and 30 days. After that the chemical analysis were carried out and total (Ctot) and Cfree PAH content in the samples were determined. Moreover, the toxicity of aqueous extracts were investigated using the Microtox® (Vibrio fischeri) method. Results showed that any of used nZVI dose did not reduce the content of Ctot or Cfree PAHs in contaminated soils, but biochar applied both alone and together with the nZVI significantly reduced Ctot and Cfree PAHs. However, no significant differences in PAH reduction were found between biochar alone and biochar with nZVI addition. This indicates that the observed reduction was mostly associated with the sorption properties of biochar. Moreover, only in the case of co-application of biochar and nZVI reduction of the toxicity of nZVI to V. fischeri was observed. The toxic effect was different and depend on the type of soil and their properties including total organic carbon and black carbon content, which may affect the PAHs reduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Kołtowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Melkina OE, Goryanin II, Zavilgelsky GB. [Histone-like protein H-NS as a negative regulator of quorum sensing systems in gram-negative bacteria]. Genetika 2017; 53:165-172. [PMID: 29372963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of histone-like protein H-NS on transcription of promoters of the Quorum Sensing regulated operons from marine luminescent mesophilic bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri and psychrophilic Aliivibrio logei, as well as from pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are studied. In the present work, the plasmids carrying DNA fragments with the promoters Pr1f (upstream of the luxICDABEG operon from A. fischeri), Pr1l (upstream of the luxCDABEG operon from A. logei), Pr2l (upstream of luxI gene from A. logei), PluxCf (upstream of luxC gene from A. fischeri), and PlasI (upstream of lasI gene from P. aerugenosa) are used. In these plasmids, promoter-operator regions are transcriptionally fused to the reporter genes cassette luxCDABE from Photorhabdus luminescens. Here we have shown that the transcription of the QS-regulated promoters in E. coli hns::kan cells increases 100 to 1000 times. Furthermore, transcription of the QS-regulated promoters in E. coli hns + cells increases 10 to 100 times in the cells transformed with the plasmid carrying gene ardA ColIb-P9 encoding DNA mimic antirestriction protein ArdA, inhibitor of the type I restriction-modification systems.
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Governo M, Santos MSF, Alves A, Madeira LM. Degradation of the cytostatic 5-Fluorouracil in water by Fenton and photo-assisted oxidation processes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:844-854. [PMID: 27757752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytostatics are part of the forefront research topics due to their high prescription, high toxicity, and the lack of effective solutions to stop their entrance and spread in the environment. Among them, 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) has received particular attention because is one of the most prescribed active substances in chemotherapy worldwide. The degradation of 5-Fu by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a poorly addressed topic, and this work brings valuable inputs concerning this matter. Herein, the efficacy of Fenton's process in the degradation of 5-Fu is explored for the first time; the study of the main variables and its successful application to the treatment of real wastewaters is demonstrated. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide-based and photo-assisted techniques (direct photolysis, photodegradation with H2O2 and photo-Fenton) are also investigated for purposes of comparison. Under the best operation conditions obtained (T = 30 °C, [Fe2+]0 = 0.5 mM; [H2O2]0 = 240 mM and pH = 3 for [5-Fu]0 = 0.38 mM), 5-Fu was completely eliminated after 2 h of Fenton's reaction and about 50 % of mineralization was reached after 8 h. The best performance was obtained by the photo-Fenton process, with 5-Fu mineralization level as high as 67 %, using an iron dose within the legal limits required for direct water discharge. Toxicity (towards Vibrio fischeri) of the effluents that resulted from the application of the above-mentioned AOPs was also evaluated; it was found that the degradation products generated from the photo-assisted processes are less toxic than the parent compound, putting into evidence the relevance of such technologies for degradation of cytostatics like 5-Fu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Governo
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica S F Santos
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M Madeira
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Medana C, Santoro V, Bello FD, Sala C, Pazzi M, Sarro M, Calza P. Mass spectrometric fragmentation and photocatalytic transformation of nicotine and cotinine. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:2617-2627. [PMID: 27706863 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine and cotinine are, respectively, alkaloids produced mainly by the Solanaceae plant family, especially tobacco, and its most important human metabolite. These compounds are frequently found as contaminants in wastewater or landfill samples and they could be used to evaluate pollution by tobacco use. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about possible transformation pathways of nicotine and cotinine. This would help the identification of degradants by using HPLC coupled with a high resolving power mass analyzer (LTQ-Orbitrap). In addition, we evaluated toxicity on bioluminescent photobacteria to indicate possible relationships between the formation of transformation products and their toxic effects. METHODS The transformation of nicotine and cotinine and the formation of intermediate products were evaluated adopting titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. The structural identification of photocatalytic transformation products of these two alkaloids was based on LC/multistage MS experiments. High-resolution MS allowed the elemental composition of these products to be hypothesized. The evolution of toxicity as a function of the irradiation time was also studied using a bioluminescent photobacterium (Vibrio fischeri) test. RESULTS Several products were formed and characterized using HPLC/HRMSn . The main photocatalytic pathways involving nicotine and cotinine appear to be hydroxylation, demethylation and oxidation. Nine degradants were formed from nicotine, including cotinine. Seven degradants were generated from cotinine. There is no transformation product in common between the two studied molecules. CONCLUSIONS The study of photocatalytic degradation allowed us to partially simulate human metabolism and the environmental transformation of the bioactive alkaloid nicotine. We searched for some of the identified transformation products in river water and landfill percolate by solid-phase extraction and HPLC/HRMS and eventually their presence was confirmed. These new findings could be of interest in further metabolism and environmental pollution studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Pazzi
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sarro
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Olvera-Vargas H, Cocerva T, Oturan N, Buisson D, Oturan MA. Bioelectro-Fenton: A sustainable integrated process for removal of organic pollutants from water: Application to mineralization of metoprolol. J Hazard Mater 2016; 319:13-23. [PMID: 26707983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relevant environmental hazard related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in water sources requires the development of high effective and suitable wastewater treatment technologies. In the present work, a hybrid process coupling electro-Fenton (EF) process and aerobic biological treatment (Bio-EF process) was implemented for the efficient and cost-effective mineralization of beta-blocker metoprolol (MPTL) aqueous solutions. Firstly, operating factors influencing EF process were assessed. MTPL solutions were completely mineralized after 4h-electrolysis under optimal operating conditions and BDD anode demonstrated its oxidation superiority. The absolute rate constant of MTPL oxidation byOH (kMTPL) was determined by the competition kinetics method and found to be (1.72±0.04)×10(9)M(-1)s(-1). A reaction pathway for the mineralization of the drug was proposed based on the identification of oxidation by-products. Secondly, EF process was used as pre-treatment. An increase of BOD5/COD ratio from 0.012 to 0.44 was obtained after 1h EF treatment, along with 47% TOC removal and a significant decrease of toxicity, demonstrating the feasibility of a post-biological treatment. Finally, biological treatment successfully oxidized 43% of the total TOC content. An overall 90% mineralization of MPTL solutions was achieved by the Bio-EF process, demonstrating its potentiality for treating wastewater containing pharmaceutical residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPE, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Tatiana Cocerva
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPE, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPE, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Didier Buisson
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPE, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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Nicol E, Chayata H, Genty C, Bouchonnet S, Bourcier S. Photodegradation of cyprodinil under UV-visible irradiation - chemical and toxicological approaches. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:2201-2211. [PMID: 27467462 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cyprodinil is a fungicide active on grapes, strawberries, tomatoes, and many other fruits. Under UV-visible irradiation, it undergoes photodegradation through various processes to form transformation products (TPs) whose structures and potential toxicities are unknown. The structures of the TPs were elucidated by comparing the photodegradation of cyprodinil and cyprodinil-D5 . The potential toxicities of these compounds were compared with that of cyprodinil. METHODS Aqueous solutions of cyprodinil were irradiated in a reactor equipped with a mercury vapor lamp. Analyses were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer or to a SolarixXR 9.4 Tesla Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometer. High-resolution mass measurements, MS/MS and isotopic labeling experiments allowed structural elucidation of the cyprodinil TPs. The toxicities were estimated by three tests in silico using the TEST software and in vitro bioassays using Vibrio fischeri bacteria. These bioassays were carried out on irradiated solution for several exposure times and non-irradiated solutions. RESULTS The structures of 19 photoproducts were characterized by LC/HRMS/MS after 4 h of irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution. The use of cyprodinil-D5 allowed the TPs to be characterized with more confidence. Knowing the structure of the TPs allows the estimation of their potential toxicities by in silico tests. Most of the photoproducts are potentially more toxic than the parent compound, based on the oral rat LD50 values, and most of them might induce more developmental and mutagenic toxicities. In vitro assays on Vibrio fischeri bacteria showed that the global ecotoxicity of the cyprodinil solution significantly increases with irradiation time. CONCLUSIONS Structures of photoproducts were characterized after irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution combining LC/HRMS, LC/HRMS/MS and the use of a labeled compound. Their formations imply several photodegradation reactions, namely direct bond cleavages, cyclization, isomerization and hydroxylation. Most of the TPs exhibit a toxicity significantly higher than that of the parent molecule. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Nicol
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Houda Chayata
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Genty
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Bourcier
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Bori J, Vallès B, Ortega L, Riva MC. Bioassays with terrestrial and aquatic species as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18694-18703. [PMID: 27312898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests were applied for the assessment of a heavily hydrocarbon-contaminated soil prior and after the application of a remediation procedure that consisted in the stimulation of soil autochthonous populations of hydrocarbon degraders in static-ventilated biopiles. Terrestrial bioassays were applied in mixtures of test soils and artificial control soil and studied the survival and reproduction of Eisenia fetida and the avoidance response of E. fetida and Folsomia candida. Effects on aquatic organisms were studied by means of acute tests with Vibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Daphnia magna performed on aqueous elutriates from test soils. The bioremediation procedure led to a significant reduction in the concentration of hydrocarbons (from 34264 to 3074 mg kg(-1), i.e., 91 % decrease) and toxicity although bioassays were not able to report a percentage decrease of toxicity as high as the percentage reduction. Sublethal tests proved the most sensitive terrestrial bioassays and avoidance tests with earthworms and springtails showed potential as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon remediation due to their high sensitivity and short duration. The concentrations of hydrocarbons in water extracts from test soils were 130 and 100 μg L(-1) before and after remediation, respectively. Similarly to terrestrial tests, most aquatic bioassays detected a significant reduction in toxicity, which was almost negligible at the end of the treatment. D. magna survival was the most affected by soil elutriates although toxicity to the crustacean was associated to the salinity of the samples rather than to the concentration of hydrocarbons. Ecotoxicity tests with aqueous soil elutriates proved less relevant in the assessment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils due to the low hydrosolubility of hydrocarbons and the influence of the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Bori
- Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology (CRIT-Innotex Center), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Ctra. Nac. 150 Km 15, 08227, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Bettina Vallès
- Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology (CRIT-Innotex Center), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Ctra. Nac. 150 Km 15, 08227, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Lina Ortega
- Geotecnia 2000 (Grupo ATISAE), Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carme Riva
- Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology (CRIT-Innotex Center), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Ctra. Nac. 150 Km 15, 08227, Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
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Wang C, Klamerth N, Messele SA, Singh A, Belosevic M, Gamal El-Din M. Comparison of UV/hydrogen peroxide, potassium ferrate(VI), and ozone in oxidizing the organic fraction of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). Water Res 2016; 100:476-485. [PMID: 27232992 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of three different oxidation processes, UV/H2O2 oxidation, ferrate(VI) oxidation, and ozonation with and without hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) on the removal of organic compounds from oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) was investigated and compared. The removal of aromatics and naphthenic acids (NAs) was explored by synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS), ion mobility spectra (IMS), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H and (13)C NMR), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC TOF-MS). UV/H2O2 oxidation occurred through radical reaction and photolysis, transforming one-ring, two-ring, and three-ring fluorescing aromatics simultaneously and achieving 42.4% of classical NAs removal at 2.0 mM H2O2 and 950 mJ/cm(2) UV dose provided with medium pressure mercury lamp. Ferrate(VI) oxidation exhibited high selectivity, preferentially removing two-ring and three-ring fluorescing aromatics, sulfur-containing NAs (NAs + S), and NAs with high carbon and high hydrogen deficiency. At 2.0 mM Fe(VI), 46.7% of classical NAs was removed. Ozonation achieved almost complete removal of fluorescing aromatics, NAs + S, and classical NAs (NAs with two oxygen atoms) at the dose of 2.0 mM O3. Both molecular ozone reaction and OH reaction were important pathways in transforming the organics in OSPW as supported by ozonation performance with and without TBA. (1)H NMR analyses further confirmed the removal of aromatics and NAs both qualitatively and quantitatively. All the three oxidation processes reduced the acute toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri and on goldfish primary kidney macrophages (PKMs), with ozonation being the most efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Klamerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Selamawit Ashagre Messele
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Arvinder Singh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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García-Galán MJ, Anfruns A, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Comas J. UV/H2O2degradation of the antidepressants venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine: Elucidation of their transformation pathway and environmental fate. J Hazard Mater 2016; 311:70-80. [PMID: 26954478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the removal and transformation of the antidepressants venlafaxine (VFX) and its main metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (DVFX) upon advanced oxidation with UV/H2O2 under lab conditions. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses were carried out by means of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear ion trap high resolution Orbitrap instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) in order to elucidate the different transformation products (TPs) generated. The depletion of both VFX and DVFX was very significant, with the 99.9% of both compounds eliminated after 5 and 30 min of reaction, respectively. Eleven TPs for VFX and six for DVFX were detected and their molecular structures elucidated by means of MS(2) and MS(3) scans, and the corresponding degradation pathways were proposed. The combined ecotoxicity at different treatment times was evaluated by means of bioluminescence inhibition assays with the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Results showed an increase in the ecotoxicity during the UV/H2O2 experiment, especially at those reaction times where the total abundance of TPs was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Alba Anfruns
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Comas
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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Wang Y, Yang X, Wang J, Cong Y, Mu J, Jin F. A DFT-based toxicity QSAR study of aromatic hydrocarbons to Vibrio fischeri: Consideration of aqueous freely dissolved concentration. J Hazard Mater 2016; 308:149-156. [PMID: 26812082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques based on toxicity mechanism and density functional theory (DFT) descriptors were adopted to develop predictive models for the toxicity of alkylated and parent aromatic hydrocarbons to Vibrio fischeri. The acute toxicity data of 17 aromatic hydrocarbons from both literature and our experimental results were used to construct QSAR models by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. With consideration of the toxicity process, the partition of aromatic hydrocarbons between water phase and lipid phase and their interaction with the target biomolecule, the optimal QSAR model was obtained by introducing aqueous freely dissolved concentration. The high statistical values of R(2) (0.956) and Q(CUM)(2) (0.942) indicated that the model has good goodness-of-fit, robustness and internal predictive power. The average molecular polarizability (α) and several selected thermodynamic parameters reflecting the intermolecular interactions played important roles in the partition of aromatic hydrocarbons between the water phase and biomembrane. Energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E(HOMO)) was the most influential descriptor which dominated the toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons through the electron-transfer reaction with biomolecules. The results demonstrated that the adoption of freely dissolved concentration instead of nominal concentration was a beneficial attempt for toxicity QSAR modeling of hydrophobic organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiang-wang-miao Street, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
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Salah Ud-Din AIM, Roujeinikova A. The periplasmic sensing domain of Vibrio fischeri chemoreceptor protein A (VfcA): cloning, purification and crystallographic analysis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:382-5. [PMID: 27139830 PMCID: PMC4854566 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16005902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagella-mediated motility and chemotaxis towards nutrients are important characteristics of Vibrio fischeri that play a crucial role in the development of its symbiotic relationship with its Hawaiian squid host Euprymna scolopes. The V. fischeri chemoreceptor A (VfcA) mediates chemotaxis toward amino acids. The periplasmic sensory domain of VfcA has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 3350 as a precipitating agent. The crystals belonged to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 39.9, b = 57.0, c = 117.0 Å, α = 88.9, β = 80.5, γ = 89.7°. A complete X-ray diffraction data set has been collected to 1.8 Å resolution using cryocooling conditions and synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Iftiaf Md Salah Ud-Din
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Oliveira MVS, Vidal BT, Melo CM, de Miranda RDCM, Soares CMF, Coutinho JAP, Ventura SPM, Mattedi S, Lima ÁS. (Eco)toxicity and biodegradability of protic ionic liquids. Chemosphere 2016; 147:460-6. [PMID: 26796340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are often claimed to be "environmentally friendly" compounds however, the knowledge of their potential toxicity towards different organisms and trophic levels is still limited, in particular when protic ionic liquids (PILs) are addressed. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity against various microorganisms and the biodegradability of four PILs namely, N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate, m-2-HEAA; N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium propionate, m-2-HEAPr; N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium butyrate, m-2-HEAB; and N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium pentanoate, m-2-HEAP. The antimicrobial activity was determined against the two bacteria, Sthaplylococcus aureus ATCC-6533 and Escherichia coli CCT-0355; the yeast Candida albicans ATCC-76645; and the fungi Fusarium sp. LM03. The toxicity of all PILs was tested against the aquatic luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri using the Microtox(®) test. The impact of the PILs was also studied regarding their effect on lettuce seeds (Lactuta sativa). The biodegradability of these PILs was evaluated using the ratio between the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results show that, in general, the elongation of the alkyl chain tends to increase the negative impact of the PILs towards the organisms and biological systems under study. According to these results, m-2-HEAA and m-2-HEAP are the less and most toxic PILs studied in this work, respectively. Additionally, all the PILs have demonstrated low biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V S Oliveira
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Bruna T Vidal
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Melo
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Rita de C M de Miranda
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - Cleide M F Soares
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- UFBA, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia, Rua Aristides Novis 2, Federação, 40210-630, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Álvaro S Lima
- UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; ITP, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300-Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-SE, Brazil.
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García-Galán MJ, Anfruns A, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Comas J. Advanced oxidation of the antibiotic sulfapyridine by UV/H₂O₂: Characterization of its transformation products and ecotoxicological implications. Chemosphere 2016; 147:451-459. [PMID: 26789837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate, under lab-scale conditions, the removal and transformation of the antibiotic sulfapyridine (SPY) upon advanced oxidation with UV/H2O2. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses by means of an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear ion trap high resolution Orbitrap instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) were carried out in order to elucidate the different transformation products (TPs) generated. The abatement (>99%) of the antibiotic was only achieved after 180 min, highlighting its resilience to elimination and its potential persistence in the environment A total of 10 TPs for SPY were detected and their molecular structures elucidated by means of MS(2) and MS(3) scans. Finally, the combined ecotoxicity at different treatment times was evaluated by means of bioluminescence inhibition assays with the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Alba Anfruns
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Comas
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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You R, Sun H, Yu Y, Lin Z, Qin M, Liu Y. Time-dependent hormesis of chemical mixtures: A case study on sulfa antibiotics and a quorum-sensing inhibitor of Vibrio fischeri. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 41:45-53. [PMID: 26645135 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfa antibiotics (SAs) and quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) may pose potential ecological risks because mixed using of them has been proposed to inhibit bacteria from generating antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the time-dependent hormesis of single and binary mixtures of QSI and SAs of Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) for 0-24 h. Although the low-dose SAs stimulated the expression of LuxR protein, the high-dose SAs could inhibit bacteria growth by competitively binding to dihydropteroate synthase. Moreover, AinR protein was bound to Benzofuran-3(2H)-one (B3O) with low concentration, thus the N-octanoyl homoserine lactone signal molecules (C8) has chance to bind to LuxR protein to promote light emission. The hormesis effect induced by the mixtures could be deduced that SAs promoted the expression of LuxR protein and B3O increases the chance of C8 binding to LuxR. Our findings facilitate new insight into the mechanistic study of hormesis and ecological risks of the chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian Province 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian Province 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, China.
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengnan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
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Lofrano G, Libralato G, Adinolfi R, Siciliano A, Iannece P, Guida M, Giugni M, Volpi Ghirardini A, Carotenuto M. Photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol and effluent toxicity effects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 123:65-71. [PMID: 26256248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol sodium succinate (CAP, C15H15Cl2N2 Na2O8) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic exhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as other groups of microorganisms only partially removed by conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Thus, CAP and its metabolites can be found in effluents. The present work deals with the photocatalytic degradation of CAP using TiO2 as photocatalyst. We investigated the optimization of reaction contact time and concentration of TiO2 considering CAP and its by-products removal as well as effluent ecotoxicity elimination. Considering a CAP real concentration of 25mgL(-1), kinetic degradation curves were determined at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2gL(-1) TiO2 after 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120min reaction time. Treated samples were checked for the presence of by-products and residual toxicity (V. fischeri, P. subcapitata, L. sativum and D. magna). Results evidenced that the best combination for CAP and its by-products removal could be set at 1.6gL(-1) of TiO2 for 120min with an average residual toxicity of approximately 10%, that is the threshold set for negative controls in most toxicity tests for blank and general toxicity test acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Chemical and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Sa, Italy; Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council (CNR IMA), C. da S. Loja Z.I. Tito Scalo, I-85050 Potenza, Italy; Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Claudio, 21, I-80127 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia, 2737/b, I-30122 Venice, Italy
| | - Roberta Adinolfi
- Department of Chemical and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Sa, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Department of Chemical and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Sa, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giugni
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Claudio, 21, I-80127 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia, 2737/b, I-30122 Venice, Italy
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Chemical and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Sa, Italy
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Lutterbeck CA, Wilde ML, Baginska E, Leder C, Machado ÊL, Kümmerer K. Degradation of cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil by UV and simulated sunlight treatments: Assessment of the enhancement of the biodegradability and toxicity. Environ Pollut 2016; 208:467-476. [PMID: 26566018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has triggered concern among the general population and received considerable attention from the scientific community in recent years. However, only a few publications have focused on anticancer drugs, a class of pharmaceuticals that can exhibit cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. The present study investigated the photodegradation, biodegradation, bacterial toxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The photodegradation experiments were performed at a neutral to slight pH range (7-7.8) using two different lamps (medium-pressure mercury lamp and a xenon lamp). The primary elimination of the parent compounds was monitored by means of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IT-MS/MS). NPOC (non-purgeable organic carbon) analyses were carried out in order to assess mineralization rates. The Closed Bottle Test (CBT) was used to assess ready biodegradability. A new method using Vibrio fischeri was adopted to evaluate toxicity. CP was not degraded by any lamp, whereas 5-FU was completely eliminated by irradiation with the mercury lamp but only partially by the Xe lamp. No mineralization was observed for the experiments performed with the Xe lamp, and a NPOC removal of only 18% was registered for 5-FU after 256 min using the UV lamp. Not one of the parent compounds was readily biodegradable in the CBT. Photo transformation products (PTPs) resulting from photolysis were neither better biodegradable nor less toxic than the parent compound 5-FU. In contrast, the results of the tests carried out with the UV lamp indicated that more biodegradable and non-toxic PTPs of 5-FU were generated. Three PTPs were formed during the photodegradation experiments and were identified. The results of the in silico QSAR predictions showed positive mutagenic and genotoxic alerts for 5-FU, whereas only one of the formed PTPs presented positive alerts for the genotoxicity endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Lutterbeck
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Luís Wilde
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Ewelina Baginska
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leder
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Ênio Leandro Machado
- Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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Tobajas M, Verdugo V, Polo AM, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Assessment of toxicity and biodegradability on activated sludge of priority and emerging pollutants. Environ Technol 2015; 37:713-721. [PMID: 26243262 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1079264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several methods for evaluating the toxicity and biodegradability of hazardous pollutants (chlorinated compounds, chemical additives and pharmaceuticals) have been studied in this work. Different bioassays using representative bacteria of marine and terrestrial ecosystems such as Vibrio fischeri and Pseudomonas putida have been used to assess the ecotoxicity. Activated sludge was used to analyse the effect of those pollutants in a biological reactor of a sewage treatment plant (STP). The results demonstrate that none of the compounds is toxic to activated sludge, except ofloxacin to P. putida. The additives tested can be considered moderately toxic according to the more sensitive V. fischeri assays, whereas the EC50 values of the pharmaceuticals depend on the specific microorganism used in each test. Regarding the biodegradability, respirometric measurements were carried out for fast biodegradability assessment and the Zahn-Wellens test for inherent biodegradability. The evolution of the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) showed that only diethyl phthalate was easily biodegradable and acetylsalicylic acid was partially biodegradable (98% and 65% degradation, respectively). The persistence of dichloromethane, ofloxacin and hidrochlorothiazide was confirmed along the 28 days of the Zahn-Wellens test whereas 1,1,1-trichloroethane showed inherent biodegradability (74% removal). Most of the chlorinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, bisphenol A and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were partially degraded in 28 d with total organic carbon (TOC) reduction ranging from 21% to 51%. Sulphamethoxazole showed certain biodegradation (50% removal) with TOC decrease around 31%, which indicates the formation of non-biodegradable by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Tobajas
- a Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Verónica Verdugo
- a Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alicia M Polo
- a Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan J Rodriguez
- a Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Angel F Mohedano
- a Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid , Spain
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Hentati O, Abrantes N, Caetano AL, Bouguerra S, Gonçalves F, Römbke J, Pereira R. Phosphogypsum as a soil fertilizer: Ecotoxicity of amended soil and elutriates to bacteria, invertebrates, algae and plants. J Hazard Mater 2015; 294:80-9. [PMID: 25855616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a metal and radionuclide rich-waste produced by the phosphate ore industry, which has been used as soil fertilizer in many parts of the world for several decades. The positive effects of PG in ameliorating some soil properties and increasing crop yields are well documented. More recently concerns are emerging related with the increase of metal/radionuclide residues on soils and crops. However, few studies have focused on the impact of PG applications on soil biota, as well as the contribution to soils with elements in mobile fractions of PG which may affect freshwater species as well. In this context the main aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicity of soils amended with different percentages of Tunisian phosphogypsum (0.0, 4.9, 7.4, 11.1, 16.6 and 25%) and of elutriates obtained from PG - amended soil (0.0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25% of PG) to a battery of terrestrial (Eisenia andrei, Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, Hypoaspis aculeifer, Zea mays, Lactuca sativa) and aquatic species (Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Lemna minor). Both for amended soils and elutriates, invertebrates (especially D. magna and E. andrei) were the most sensitive species, displaying acute (immobilization) and chronic (reproduction inhibition) effects, respectively. Despite the presence of some concerning metals in PG and elutriates (e.g., zinc and cadmium), the extremely high levels of calcium found in both test mediums, suggest that this element was the mainly responsible for the ecotoxicological effects observed. Terrestrial and aquatic plants were the most tolerant species, which is in line with studies supporting the application of PG to increase crop yields. Nevertheless, no stimulatory effects on growth were observed for any of the species tested despite the high levels of phosphorus added to soils by PG. Given the importance of soil invertebrates for several soil functions and services, this study gives rise to new serious concerns about the consequences of PG applications on agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Hentati
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5 P.O. Box 1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Departamento de Ambiente da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Caetano
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sirine Bouguerra
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5 P.O. Box 1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstrasse 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim am Main, Germany
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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50
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Cerrillo C, Barandika G, Igartua A, Areitioaurtena O, Marcaide A, Mendoza G. Ecotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: standardization of the dispersion methods and concentration measurements. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1854-1862. [PMID: 25820629 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are currently a variety of applications for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), but considerable concerns exist regarding their release into the environment. Their potential accumulation by aquatic organisms could lead to transfer throughout food chains. Considering the divergences in experimental data published on the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes, further research is required. The dispersion of MWCNTs in aqueous culturing media of organisms as well as the determination of concentrations are relevant aspects to obtain accurate ecotoxicity results. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is one of the most reported techniques to analyze concentration quickly and economically, but the methodologies to prepare dispersions and selecting the wavelengths for ultraviolet-visible measurements have not yet been clearly defined. The present study demonstrates that dispersion procedures influence absorbance, and an approach to determine the most appropriate measurement wavelength is proposed. Ecotoxicity tests with MWCNTs were performed on Vibrio fischeri bacteria, and divergences in the results were observed with respect to those previously reported. The present study contributes to the attempt to overcome the lack of standardization in the environmental assessment of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerrillo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- Tribology Unit, IK4-TEKNIKER, Éibar, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Gotzone Barandika
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Amaya Igartua
- Tribology Unit, IK4-TEKNIKER, Éibar, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | | | | | - Gemma Mendoza
- Tribology Unit, IK4-TEKNIKER, Éibar, Guipúzcoa, Spain
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