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Subramanian MP, Eaton DB, Labilles UL, Heiden BT, Chang SH, Yan Y, Schoen MW, Patel MR, Kreisel D, Nava RG, Thomas TS, Meyers BF, Kozower BD, Puri V. Exposure to Agent Orange is associated with increased recurrence after surgical treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:1591-1600.e2. [PMID: 37709166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 3 million Americans served in the armed forces during the Vietnam War. Veterans have a higher incidence rate of lung cancer compared with the general population, which may be related to exposures sustained during service. Agent Orange, one of the tactical herbicides used by the armed forces as a means of destroying crops and clearing vegetation, has been linked to the development of several cancers including non-small cell lung cancer. However, traditional risk models of lung cancer survival and recurrence often do not include such exposures. We aimed to examine the relationship between Agent Orange exposure and overall survival and disease recurrence for surgically treated stage I non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using a uniquely compiled dataset of US Veterans with pathologic I non-small cell lung cancer. We included adult patients who served in the Vietnam War and underwent surgical resection between 2010 and 2016. Our 2 comparison groups included those with identified Agent Orange exposure and those who were unexposed. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards and Fine and Gray competing risk analyses to examine overall survival and disease recurrence for patients with pathologic stage I disease, respectively. RESULTS A total of 3958 Vietnam Veterans with pathologic stage I disease were identified (994 who had Agent Orange exposure and 2964 who were unexposed). Those who had Agent Orange exposure were more likely to be male, to be White, and to live a further distance from their treatment facility (P < .05). Tumor size distribution, grade, and histology were similar between cohorts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling identified similar overall survival between cohorts (Agent Orange exposure hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86-1.09). Patients who had Agent Orange exposure had a 19% increased risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.40). CONCLUSIONS Veterans with known Agent Orange exposure who undergo surgical treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer have an approximately 20% increased risk of disease recurrence compared with their nonexposed counterparts. Agent Orange exposure should be taken into consideration when determining treatment and surveillance regimens for Veteran patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P Subramanian
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
| | - Daniel B Eaton
- Veterans Affairs St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Mo
| | | | - Brendan T Heiden
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Yan Yan
- Veterans Affairs St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Mo; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Martin W Schoen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Mayank R Patel
- Veterans Affairs St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Mo
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Ruben G Nava
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Theodore S Thomas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Bryan F Meyers
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Benjamin D Kozower
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Varun Puri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
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Vuong NB, Quang HV, Linh Trang BN, Duong DH, Toan NL, Tong HV. Association of PKLR gene copy number, expression levels and enzyme activity with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure in individuals exposed to Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138677. [PMID: 37060958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is the most toxic congener of dioxin and has serious long-term effects on the environment and human health. Pyruvate Kinase L/R (PKLR) gene expression levels and gene variants are associated with pyruvate kinase enzyme deficiency, which has been identified as the cause of several diseases linked to dioxin exposure. In this study, we estimated PKLR gene copy number and gene expression levels using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, genotyped PKLR SNP rs3020781 by Sanger sequencing, and quantified plasma pyruvate kinase enzyme activity in 100 individuals exposed to Agent Orange/Dioxin near Bien Hoa and Da Nang airfields in Vietnam and 100 healthy controls. The means of PKLR copy numbers and PKLR gene expression levels were significantly higher, while pyruvate kinase enzyme activity was significantly decreased in Agent Orange/Dioxin-exposed individuals compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Positive correlations of PKLR gene copy number and gene expression with 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations were observed (r = 0.2, P = 0.045 and r = 0.54, P < 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, pyruvate kinase enzyme activity was inversely correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations (r = -0.52, P < 0.0001). PKLR gene copy number and gene expression levels were also inversely correlated with pyruvate kinase enzyme activity. Additionally, PKLR SNP rs3020781 was found to be associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations and PKLR gene expression. In conclusion, PKLR copy number, gene expression levels, and pyruvate kinase enzyme activity are associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure in individuals living in Agent Orange/Dioxin-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ba Vuong
- Department of Haematology, Toxicology, Radiation, and Occupation, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Van Quang
- The Center of Toxicological and Radiological Training and Research, Vietnam Military Medical University, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Ngoc Linh Trang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Hong Duong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Xie S, Hofmann JN, Sampson JN, Josse PR, Andreotti G, Madrigal JM, Ward MH, Beane Freeman LE, Friesen MC. Elevated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide concentrations in the household dust of farmers with recent occupational use. J Occup Environ Hyg 2023; 20:207-218. [PMID: 37017362 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2023.2198588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide dust concentrations in homes have been previously associated with occupational and home/garden use of pesticides, hygiene practices, and other factors. This study evaluated the relationship between self-reported use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and house dust concentrations and these factors in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study, a molecular epidemiologic study of farmers in Iowa and North Carolina. The vacuum dust from the homes of 35 BEEA participants was analyzed for the presence of 2,4-D. Participants provided detailed information on occupational and home/garden pesticide use during the past 12 months and reported household characteristics via questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between 2,4-D concentrations and four exposure metrics for occupational use in the last 12 months (yes/no, days since last use, days of use, intensity-weighted days of use), home/garden use (yes/no), as well as several household characteristics. 2,4-D was detected in all homes and was used occupationally by 54% of the participants. In a multi-variable model, compared to homes with no occupational or home/garden 2,4-D use reported in the past 12 months, concentrations were 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 4.9) times higher in homes with low occupational 2,4-D use (intensity-weighted days < median) and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0, 9.8) times higher in homes of participants with high use (≥median intensity-weighted days) (p-trend = 0.06). Similar patterns were observed with other occupational metrics. Additionally, 2,4-D dust concentrations were non-significantly elevated (relative difference (RD) = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.5, 6.2) in homes with home/garden use and were significantly lower in homes that did not have carpets (RD = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.98). These analyses suggest that elevated 2,4-D dust concentrations were associated with several metrics of recent occupational use and may be influenced by home/garden use and household characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xie
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Pabitra R Josse
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Singh G, Sharma S, Singh A, Devi A, Gupta S, Malik P, Khurana S, Soni S. Detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water sample by organosilane based silica nanocomposites. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159594. [PMID: 36280050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to produce nanocomposites of silica based organosilane as sensitive and selective fluorescent sensor for the recognition of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Hydrazone tethered triazole functionalized organosilane has been synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and phenyl hydrazine followed by Cu(I) catalysed cycloaddition of azide with alkyne. The prepared compound has been further grafted over silica surface and the synthesized materials were characterized by FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), XRD, mass spectrometry and FE-SEM spectral analyses. The prepared organosilane and its HSNPs have been utilized as an effective emission probe for the selective detection of 2,4 D with good linear relationship in the range of 0-160 μM and 0-115 μM and LOD value of 46 nM and 13.5 nM respectively. In the presence of other active species, the sensor shows minimal interference while the comparison with the previously reported techniques suggests it to be more desirable for the sensitive and selective detection of 2,4 D. Further, the real sample application for detection of 2,4 D was analyzed in field water and the HSNPs based sensing system gave recovery percentage of above 98 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Akshpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector-10, Chandigarh 160011, India.
| | - Anita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Pooja Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sumesh Khurana
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sajeev Soni
- Department of Chemistry, GGDSD College, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
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5
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Glover FE, Del Giudice F, Belladelli F, Ryan PB, Chen T, Eisenberg ML, Caudle WM. The association between 2,4-D and serum testosterone levels: NHANES 2013-2014. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:787-796. [PMID: 34837643 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated associations between herbicides such as 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and dyshormonogenesis, specifically low testosterone, in human, rodent, and cell models, but results have been conflicting and inconclusive. METHODS Using data from a cross-sectional study of 456 adult men in the 2013-2014 NHANES survey cycle, we examined the relationship between urinary concentrations of 2,4-D and serum testosterone levels. RESULTS Multivariable regression models adjusting for potential confounders revealed a significant, negative association between urinary 2,4-D and mean serum testosterone among U.S. adult males (β = - 11.4 ng/dL, p = 0.02). Multivariable logistic regression models using a cutoff defining abnormally low testosterone (i.e., serum testosterone < 300 ng/dL) revealed no significant associations between 2,4-D and the odds of low testosterone. CONCLUSION These findings expand on previous literature implicating a role for 2,4-D in the etiology of low testosterone and dyshormonogenesis. Future studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, determine clinical significance, and to investigate the proposed potential biological mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Glover
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - F Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F Belladelli
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P B Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - T Chen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - W M Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Hernandes PT, Franco DSP, Georgin J, Salau NPG, Dotto GL. Adsorption of atrazine and 2,4-D pesticides on alternative biochars from cedar bark sawdust (Cedrella fissilis). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:22566-22575. [PMID: 34796439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bark residues of the forest species Cedrela fissilis were physically and chemically modified with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as an activating agent. The two modified materials were analyzed as adsorbents in removing atrazine and 2,4-D herbicides from effluents. Firstly, the precursor material and the modified ones were characterized by different techniques to identify the structural changes that occurred in the surfaces. Through TGA, it was observed that both modified materials have thermal stability close to each other and are highly superior to the precursor. X-ray diffractions proved that the amorphous structure was not altered, the three materials being highly heterogeneous and irregular. The micrographs showed that the treatments brought new spaces and cavities on the surface, especially for the material carbonized with ZnCl2. The pHPZC of the modified materials was close to 7.5. The physically modified material had a surface area of 47.31 m2 g-1 and pore volume of 0.0095 cm3 g-1, whereas the carbonized material had a surface area of 98.12 m2 g-1 and pore volume of 0.0099 cm3 g-1. Initial tests indicated that none of the adsorbents were efficient in removing 2,4-D. However, they showed good potential for removing atrazine. The Koble-Corrigan isothermal model best fits the experimental data, with a maximum capacity of 3.44 mg g-1 and 2.70 mg g-1 for physically modified and with ZnCl2, respectively. The kinetic studies showed that the system tends to enter into equilibrium after 120 min, presenting good statistical indicators to the linear driving force model (LDF). The surface diffusion coefficients were 2.18×10-9 and 2.37×10-9 cm2 s-1 for atrazine adsorption on the physically and chemically modified materials. These results showed that the application of residues from the processing of cedar bark is promising. However, new future studies must be carried out to improve the porous development of the material and obtain greater adsorption capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola T Hernandes
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Dison S P Franco
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jordana Georgin
- Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nina P G Salau
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Zhou H, He C, Li Z, Huo J, Xue Y, Xu X, Qi M, Chen L, Hammock BD, Zhang J. Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoparticle Immunochromatographic Strip Based on the Nanobody for Detecting 2,4-DichloRophenoxyacetic Acid. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:84. [PMID: 35200344 PMCID: PMC8869386 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a systemic conductive herbicide widely used across the world. With the large-scale and continuous use of 2,4-D, its possible harm to the environment and non-target organisms has attracted increasing attention, and the construction of a stable rapid on-site detection method is particularly important. In order to achieve on-site rapid detection of 2,4-D, we developed a gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip method with the visual elimination value was 50 ng/mL, and a quantitative detection limit of 11 ng/mL based on a nanobody. By combing with the color snap, the immunochromatographic strip could quantitatively analyze the amounts of 2,4-D. Meanwhile, a colorimetric card based on the true color of the test strips was developed for the qualitative analysis of 2,4-D on-site. The samples (water, fruits and vegetables) with and without 2,4-D were detected by the immunochromatographic strips, and the results showed the accuracy and reliability. Thus, this assay is a rapid and simple on-site analytical tool to detect and quantify 2,4-D levels in environmental samples, and the analytical results can be obtained in about ten minutes. In addition, the nanobody technology used in this study provides an inexhaustible supply of a relatively stable antibodies that can be archived as a nanobody, plasmid or even its sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Cong He
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.L.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Jingqian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Yu Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.L.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.L.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (H.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.X.); (X.X.); (M.Q.); (L.C.)
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8
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Hassan MM, Jiao T, Ahmad W, Yi X, Zareef M, Ali S, Li H, Chen Q. Cellulose paper-based SERS sensor for sensitive detection of 2,4-D residue levels in tea coupled uninformative variable elimination-partial least squares. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 248:119198. [PMID: 33248888 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a growing concern in recent years. This work presents the design of a simple and sensitive method for predicting 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) residue levels in green tea extract employing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled uninformative variable elimination-partial least squares (UVE-PLS). Herein, SERS active citrate functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with enhancement factor 1.51 × 108 was used to prepare cellulose paper (common office) templated SERS sensor for acquiring SERS spectra of 2,4-D. The principle of the work was based on the interaction between 2,4-D and citrate group of AgNPs via chlorine atoms in the concentration range 1.0 × 10-4 to 1.0 × 103 µg/g. Three different wavenumber selection chemometric algorithms were studied comparatively to build an optimum calibration model, among them UVE-PLS showed enhanced performance as evident from the RPD value of 6.01 and Rp = 0.9864. Under optimized experimental condition proposed paper-based SERS sensor exhibited detection limit and RSD of 1.0 × 10-4 µg/g and <5%, respectively. In addition, the validation results by HPLC method were satisfactory (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xu Yi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shujat Ali
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Lozano VL, Allen Dohle S, Vera MS, Torremorell A, Pizarro HN. Primary production of freshwater microbial communities is affected by a cocktail of herbicides in an outdoor experiment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110821. [PMID: 32544746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary production (PP) is a key variable to evaluate the quality of the ecological services provided by freshwater bodies because it gives information on the amount of oxygen and organic matter incorporated into the system. We analysed the impact of a mixture of commercial formulations of glyphosate- and 2,4-D-based herbicides (Roundup Max® and AsiMax 50®, respectively) on freshwater primary production. Primary production was studied through the oxygen exchange method. Four measurements were made during a 23-day experiment in outdoor mesocosms using the light and dark bottle method. High and low concentrations of the active ingredients were assayed to evaluate a concentration-dependent effect. Our results indicated that the mixture of Roundup Max® and AsiMax 50® acted mostly additively on gross and net primary production. Moreover, we found a concentration-dependent effect of each herbicide on PP. Thus, AsiMax 50® at low and Roundup Max® at high concentration induced a significant early decrease in respiration and gross primary production 4 h after application, attributable to physiological responses. Besides, significant increases in primary production were simultaneously recorded with increases in chlorophyll a concentration and micro + nano-phytoplankton abundance 7 days after the application of Roundup Max® at high concentration. This study contributes to the knowledge of the impact of widely used herbicides on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Lozano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Allen Dohle
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Torremorell
- Programa de Ecología de Protistas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Luján-CONICET, Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H N Pizarro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Zhu Y, Guo J. Impact of dichlorprop on soil microbial community structure and diversity during its enantioselective biodegradation in agricultural soils. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:974-982. [PMID: 32757814 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1802186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective biodegradation of racemic dichlorprop in two soils was investigated in the laboratory. Chiral separation of racemic dichlorprop was achieved by using HPLC with Phenomenex Lux Amylose-2. The first-order kinetic model fitted well the dissipation data of racemic dichlorprop and its pure R- and S-enantiomers. S-dichlorprop was preferentially degraded in both soils and enantioselectivity was affected by soil pH. The half-lives (DT50) of S-dichlorprop were 8.22 days in soil A and 8.06 days in soil D, while R-dichlorprop was more persistent with DT50 of 12.93 days in soil A and 12.38 days in soil D, respectively. Dichlorprop dissipated faster in soil D with lower organic matter content. In sterilized soils, neglected dissipation was observed and enantiomer fraction values remained constant, indicating that the enantioselective degradation was mainly controlled by soil microorganisms. Soil microbial community structure and diversity was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from dichlorprop and no dichlorprop contaminated microcosms. Compared with controls, dichlorprop application had no significant effect on microbial community structures at phylum level, but increased bacterial diversity and dichlorprop degradation related taxa in both soils. S-dichlorprop preferential degradation might be attributed to the S-enantiomer preferred degraders in the family of Sphingomonadaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Zhu
- Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Guo
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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11
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Qu F, Lin L, Cai C, Chu B, Wang Y, He Y, Nie P. Terahertz fingerprint characterization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its enhanced detection in food matrices combined with spectral baseline correction. Food Chem 2020; 334:127474. [PMID: 32688175 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of pesticide residues in food matrices are of great significance to food safety. This study aimed to characterize the fingerprint peaks of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and to enhance its detection accuracy in food matrices by using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. Density functional theory was used to simulate molecular dynamics of 2,4-D peaks (1.35, 1.60, 2.37 and 3.00 THz). Four baseline correction methods, including asymmetric least squares smoothing (AsLS), adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (AirPLS), background correction (Backcor), baseline estimation and denoising with sparsity (BEADS) were compared and used to eliminate spectral baselines of Zizania latifolia (ZIZLA), rice and maize containing 2,4-D residues, from 0.1 to 4 THz. Based on the peak information of 1.35 THz, the detection limit and accuracy of 2,4-D residues in these food matrices were significantly improved after THz spectral baseline correction, providing a new feasibility for food safety and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lei Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chengyong Cai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bingquan Chu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an University of Technology, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shanxi 710048, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pengcheng Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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12
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Zheng X, Liu C, Hu J. Residues and Dietary Risk Assessments of 2,4-D Isooctyl Ester, Metribuzin, Acetochlor, and 2-Ethyl-6-methylaniline in Corn or Soybean Fields. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4315-4324. [PMID: 32202777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was discovered in the 1940s, 2,4-D and its derivatives remain among most commonly used herbicides in the world. There have been recent increases in using 2,4-D products in a combination with other herbicides such as metribuzin and acetochlor to control noxious weeds. However, accurate analysis of 2,4-D isooctyl ester remains to be improved due to long analysis time and rapid conversion of the ester to acid (i.e., under-reporting residues). In this work, a simple hydrolysis procedure was introduced to provide a quantitative hydrolytic rate of the ester (>95%) and did not affect the other pH-sensitive compounds. Analysis parameters and sample pretreatments were optimized for improved selectivity and accuracy. The hydrolysis-QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique for multidetermination of 2,4-D isooctyl ester, metribuzin, acetochlor, and 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline in corn and soybeans via high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established. The method had average recoveries of 74-109% with relative standard deviations ≤13.5% and limits of quantifications (LOQs) of 0.05 mg/kg. The terminal residues of these compounds found in real edible matrixes were less than the corresponding LOQs at harvest time. The risk quotients were far below 100%, indicating a low health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutian Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolun Liu
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822,United States
| | - Jiye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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13
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Mierzejewska E, Baran A, Urbaniak M. Biodegradation Potential and Ecotoxicity Assessment in Soil Extracts Amended with Phenoxy Acid Herbicide (2,4-D) and a Structurally-Similar Plant Secondary Metabolite (Ferulic Acid). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:200-205. [PMID: 31781814 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxy acid 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acid) is one of the most commonly-used herbicide in agriculture. Biodegradation of 2,4-D can be stimulated by structurally-related plant secondary metabolites such as ferulic acid (FA). The aim of this study is to: (1) assess the potential of indigenous soil bacteria to degrade 2,4-D in the presence of FA by PCR analysis of functional tfdA genes, (2) to determine the influence of 2,4-D and FA on samples ecotoxicity using Phytotoxkit® and Microtox® biotests. The detection of tfdA genes varied depending on the enrichment of samples with FA. FA suppressed detection of the tfdA genes, 100 µM 2,4-D induced higher detection of studied amplicons, while 500 µM 2,4-D delayed their detection. The ecotoxicity response was specific and differed between plants (PE% Lepidium sativum > Sinapis alba > Sorghum saccharatum) and bacteria (PE% up to 99% for Vibrio fischeri). Our findings confirm that 2,4-D and FA had a toxic influence on the used organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Mierzejewska
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbaniak
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Mohammadnia M, Heydari R, Sohrabi MR. Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in food and water samples using a modified graphene oxide sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 55:293-300. [PMID: 31746259 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1692613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) method using magnetic graphene oxide tert-butylamine (GO/Fe3O4/TBA) nanocomposite, as an efficient sorbent, was applied for determining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in water and food samples. Detection was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Influential parameters of D-μ-SPE such as sorbent and its amount, elution solvent and its volume, adsorption and desorption times and pH of sample solution were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, limit of detection and quantitation values were 0.007 and 0.02 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery data for several real samples were obtained within the range of 88.0-94.0% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 7.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantitative determination of 2,4-D in several vegetables and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammadnia
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Agathokleous E, Feng Z, Calabrese EJ. Systemic Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Is Another Hormetin: What Does It Mean for Agriculture and the Environment? J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9695-9696. [PMID: 31436989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Morrill I, N344, Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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16
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de Souza FM, Dos Santos OAA, Vieira MGA. Adsorption of herbicide 2,4-D from aqueous solution using organo-modified bentonite clay. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:18329-18342. [PMID: 31041700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the performance of organophilic clays obtained from the chemical modification of sodium bentonite clay when applied to the adsorption of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Kinetic curves and equilibrium isotherms were obtained in order to determine time and adsorption capacity of the material, as well as understand the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. The results showed that the most predictive kinetic model for experimental data was of pseudo-second order (R2 > 0.98), and that external mass transfer is the dominant factor in the time of operation. Isotherms were obtained at temperatures of 298, 308, and 318 K, under which the Dubinin-Radushkevich model was shown to have a good fit to data (R2 > 0.96), according to mathematical adjustments. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained experimentally was 50.36 mg g-1, found at a temperature of 298 K, being higher or compatible with other materials reported in the literature. With help of the thermodynamic studies on the process, it was observed that the adsorption of 2,4-D in organophilic clays refers to a spontaneous (ΔG°ads < 0), exothermal (ΔH°ads = - 9.99 kJ mol-1) process of physical nature. Lastly, it was observed that the adsorbent can be easily regenerated when subjected to eluents such as mixtures containing fractions of ethanol/water (desorption = 95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Manzotti de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, no. 500, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
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17
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Xu Y, Kutsanedzie FYH, Hassan MM, Li H, Chen Q. Synthesized Au NPs@silica composite as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for fast sensing trace contaminant in milk. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 206:405-412. [PMID: 30170175 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With increased concerns on milk safety issues, the development of a simple and sensitive method to detect 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a common contaminant in milk, becomes relevant in safeguarding human health threats that results from its consumption. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) shows excellent ability for various targets analysis but its usage for rapid and accurate determination of analyte via SERS presents challenges. This study attempted the quantification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) residue in milk using a novel SERS active substrate- decorated silica films with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs@ silica) coupled to chemometric algorithms. Au NPs@ silica composite was synthesized as a SERS sensor through self-assembly. Thereafter, the SERS spectrum of 2,4-D extract from milk with different concentrations based on the developed SERS sensor was collected and the spectra were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS), and variable selection algorithms - genetic algorithm-PLS (GA-PLS), competitive-adaptive reweighted sampling-PLS (CARS-PLS) and ant colony optimization-PLS (ACO-PLS), to develop quantitative models for 2,4-D prediction. The results obtained showed that the CARS-PLS model gave the optimum result with LOD of 0.01 ng/mL realized and a determination coefficient in the prediction set of (RP) = 0.9836 within a linear range of 10-2 to 106 ng/mL was achieved. Au NPs@ silica SERS sensor combined with CARS-PLS may be employed for rapid quantification of 2,4-D extract from milk towards its quality and safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Felix Y H Kutsanedzie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Nian Q, Ai L, Li D, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang M, Wang X. Rapid monitoring of plant growth regulators in bean sprouts via automated on-line polymeric monolith solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7239-7247. [PMID: 30151683 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An automated on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) following liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established for the fast determination of plant growth regulator residues in soybean sprout and mung bean sprout. The crude extracted specimens were directly purified on a poly (2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column which was well-defined as the on-line SPE adsorbent. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method gave the linear range of 0.3-50 ng/mL for gibberellin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.2-50 ng/mL for 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 0.5-50 ng/mL for 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (r ≥ 0.998). The detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 μg/kg and the recoveries for spiked soybean sprout samples were in the range of 75.0-93.3%. Besides, the total time for one analysis was 16 min. The reusability of the monolith was up to 600 extractions. The proposed process facilitated fully automated SPE and accurate determination in one step with rapidity, simplicity, and reliability. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixun Nian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Lianfeng Ai
- Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 318, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Xuelei Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Xuesheng Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
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19
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Bahrami M, Amiri MJ, Beigzadeh B. Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using rice husk biochar, granular activated carbon, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a fixed bed column system. Water Sci Technol 2018; 78:1812-1821. [PMID: 30500805 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide, as an aromatic hydrocarbon, is a dangerous and toxic organic pollutant among the agricultural pesticides. In this research, the performance of the biochar made from rice husk (BRH), granular activated carbon (GAC), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated for adsorption of 2,4-D in a fixed-bed column system. The influence of pH (2, 5, 7, 9), flow rate (0.5, 1, 1.5 mL min-1), bed depth (3, 6, 9 cm), and influent 2,4-D concentration (50, 100, 150, 300 mg L-1) on the adsorption process was evaluated. The resulting breakthrough curves indicated that the higher removal efficiency of 2,4-D took place at the lower flow rate, lower influent 2,4-D concentration, higher bed depth, and lower pH. While in most cases the removal ability of GAC was better than other adsorbents, generally, this study confirmed that the BRH, as a cheap and sustainable material, can be a viable alternative to GAC and MWCNTs for remediation and treatment scenarios, particularly in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bahrami
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Javad Amiri
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran E-mail:
| | - Bahareh Beigzadeh
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran E-mail:
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20
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Yang Z, Shi X, Dai M, Wang L, Xu X, Guo R. Promoting degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with fermentative effluents from hydrogen-producing reactor. Chemosphere 2018; 201:859-863. [PMID: 29567469 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to identifying the potential effect of using a hydrogen-producing reactor's effluent as an enrichment amendment for enhancing the degradation rates of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) during the bioremediation of contaminated paddy soils. The results showed that addition of the effluents to 2,4-D- degrading enrichment culture enhanced (up to 1.3-fold) the degradation rate constant of 2,4-D. The enhancement effect most probably resulted from the co-metabolic degradation of 2,4-D facilitated by volatile fatty acids (e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in the effluents which served as the beneficial substrates. Results from DNA sequencing analysis showed that the effluent additions shifted the bacterial community composition in the enrichment culture. Dechloromonas and Clostridium were two dominant bacterial genera involved in 2,4-D degradation. The findings will make a substantial contribution to remediation of soils contaminated with 2,4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiman Yang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Shi
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Meng Dai
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Rongbo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China.
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21
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Nykiel-Szymańska J, Stolarek P, Bernat P. Elimination and detoxification of 2,4-D by Umbelopsis isabellina with the involvement of cytochrome P450. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:2738-2743. [PMID: 29139072 PMCID: PMC5773638 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used in agriculture as a herbicide. Its intensive use has an adverse effect on the environment. This study involved examining the degradation of 2,4-D compound by the filamentous fungus Umbelopsis isabellina. After 5 days of incubation, 98% of the herbicide (added at 25 mg L-1) was found to be removed. The elimination of 2,4-D by U. isabellina was connected with the formation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), which resulted in a 60% decrease in the sample toxicity toward Artemia franciscana larvae. The metabolism of 2,4-D was inhibited by the addition of metyrapone, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor. It provides evidence that cytochrome P450 system is involved in 2,4-D metabolism in U. isabellina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nykiel-Szymańska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Stolarek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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Ramborger BP, Ortis Gularte CA, Rodrigues DT, Gayer MC, Sigal Carriço MR, Bianchini MC, Puntel RL, Denardin ELG, Roehrs R. The phytoremediation potential of Plectranthus neochilus on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the role of antioxidant capacity in herbicide tolerance. Chemosphere 2017; 188:231-240. [PMID: 28886557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possible phytoremediation capacity of Plectranthus neochilus (boldo) exposed to the commercial pesticide (Aminol) in soil and water through consecutive extractions (days interval) was evaluated. After the exposure period, tea leaves from the plant were analyzed in terms of the presence of 2,4-D, total antioxidant capacity (DPPH), concentration of total polyphenols and flavonoids for plants exposed to soil and water. In water, 2,4-D remained up to 67% in the 60 days of experiment in the control group, which provided the use of two treatment groups with the plant (one group of plants for 30 days and another group in the remaining 30 days in the same system), thus, a decontamination up to 49% of the 2,4-D was obtained in this system with water. In both experiments (soil and water) the 2,4-D was not detected in tea leaves, the reduction of the antioxidant activity, polyphenols and flavonoids of plants exposed to the herbicide was also observed when compared to the non-exposed plants. In tea - plants in water - it was also possible to quantify the phenolic compounds and it was observed that in the group of plants of the first 30 days there was a decrease in caffeic acid and an increase in coumaric and ferulic acids, compared to the group of plants that were not exposed to 2,4-D. In the remaining 30 days with the new seedlings there was a decrease of the coumaric acid and an increase of the caffeic and ferulic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Piaia Ramborger
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Práticas de Ensino (GIPPE), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Alves Ortis Gularte
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Teixeira Rodrigues
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Práticas de Ensino (GIPPE), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Cristofari Gayer
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Práticas de Ensino (GIPPE), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ricardo Sigal Carriço
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Práticas de Ensino (GIPPE), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Chimelo Bianchini
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Robson Luiz Puntel
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Elton Luis Gasparotto Denardin
- Laboratório de Estudos Físico-Químicos e Produtos Naturais (LEFQPN), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Práticas de Ensino (GIPPE), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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LaKind JS, Burns CJ, Naiman DQ, O'Mahony C, Vilone G, Burns AJ, Naiman JS. Critical and systematic evaluation of data for estimating human exposures to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) - quality and generalizability. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2017; 20:423-446. [PMID: 29157177 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1396704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been commercially available since the 1940's. Despite decades of data on 2,4-D in food, air, soil, and water, as well as in humans, the quality the quality of these data has not been comprehensively evaluated. Using selected elements of the Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-lived Chemicals (BEES-C) instrument (temporal variability, avoidance of sample contamination, analyte stability, and urinary methods of matrix adjustment), the quality of 156 publications of environmental- and biomonitoring-based 2,4-D data was examined. Few publications documented steps were taken to avoid sample contamination. Similarly, most studies did not demonstrate the stability of the analyte from sample collection to analysis. Less than half of the biomonitoring publications reported both creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted urine concentrations. The scope and detail of data needed to assess temporal variability and sources of 2,4-D varied widely across the reviewed studies. Exposures to short-lived chemicals such as 2,4-D are impacted by numerous and changing external factors including application practices and formulations. At a minimum, greater transparency in reporting of quality control measures is needed. Perhaps the greatest challenge for the exposure community is the ability to reach consensus on how to address problems specific to short-lived chemical exposures in observational epidemiology investigations. More extensive conversations are needed to advance our understanding of human exposures and enable interpretation of these data to catch up to analytical capabilities. The problems defined in this review remain exquisitely difficult to address for chemicals like 2,4-D, with short and variable environmental and physiological half-lives and with exposures impacted by numerous and changing external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S LaKind
- f School of Arts and Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Carol J Burns
- a LaKind Associates, LLC; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Catonsville , MD , USA
| | | | - Cian O'Mahony
- c Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Giulia Vilone
- c Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Annette J Burns
- d Creme Global, Trinity Technology and Enterprise Campus , Grand Canal Quay , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Joshua S Naiman
- e Department of Anthropology , Alma College , Alma , MI , USA
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Zhao H, Yang G, Liang S, Huang Q, Wang Q, Dai W, Zhang Z, Wang W, Song W, Cai Z. The dissipation and risk assessment of 2,4-D sodium, a preharvest anti-fruit-drop plant hormone in bayberries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:24327-24332. [PMID: 28889399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest fruit-drop is a challenge to bayberry production. 2,4-D sodium as a commonly used anti-fruit-drop hormone on bayberry can reduce the yield loss caused by preharvest fruit-drop. The persistence and risk assessment of 2,4-D sodium after applying on bayberries were investigated. A method for determining 2,4-D sodium in bayberry was established based on LC-MS-MS. The average recoveries of 2,4-D sodium were at the range of 93.7-95.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.9 to 2.8%. The dissipation rates of 2,4-D sodium were described using first-order kinetics, and its half-life ranged from 11.2 to 13.8 days. A bayberry consumption survey was carried out for Chinese adults for the first time. The safety assessments of 2,4-D sodium were conducted by using field trail data as well as monitoring data. Results showed that the chronic risk quotient and the acute risk quotient were calculated to be 0.23-0.59 and 0.02-0.05%, respectively, for Chinese adults, indicating low dietary risk for adults and children. In the end, the household cleaning steps were compared, and results showed that water rinsing for 1 min can remove 49.9% 2,4-D sodium residue, which provides pesticide removal suggestion for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Senmiao Liang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Horticulture Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qianbin Huang
- Huangyan Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, Huangyan, 318020, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Wanze Dai
- Xiajiang Administration of Forestry, Xingan, 331409, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Wen Song
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products ( Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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25
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Kazak O, Eker YR, Akin I, Bingol H, Tor A. Green preparation of a novel red mud@carbon composite and its application for adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:23057-23068. [PMID: 28825175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the eco-friendly preparation of a novel composite material consisting of red mud and carbon spheres, denoted as red mud@C composite, and its application for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide (2,4-D) from aqueous solution. The preparation route has a green approach because it follows the low-energy consuming one-step hydrothermal process by using starch as a renewable carbon precursor and red mud as a waste from aluminum production industry. Characterization of the red mud@C composite was performed by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, and Raman microscopy analyses. The batch adsorption studies revealed that the red mud@C composite has higher 2,4-D adsorption efficiency than those of the red mud and the naked carbon spheres. The maximum removal at initial pH of 3.0 is explained by considering the pKa of 2,4-D and pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the composite material. The adsorption equilibrium time was 60 min, which followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model together with intra-particle diffusion model. The isotherm analysis indicated that Freundlich isotherm model better represented the adsorption data, with isotherm parameters of k [15.849 (mg/g) (mg/L)-1/n ] and n (2.985). The prepared composite is reusable at least 5 cycles of adsorption-desorption with no significant decrease in the adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kazak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ramazan Eker
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ilker Akin
- Department of Biotechnology, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Bingol
- Department of Chemistry, A.K. Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Tor
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
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Singh RK, Philip L, Ramanujam S. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution by pulsed corona discharge treatment: Effect of different water constituents, degradation pathway and toxicity assay. Chemosphere 2017; 184:207-214. [PMID: 28595146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A multiple pin-plane corona discharge reactor was used to generate plasma for the degradation of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from the aqueous solution. The 2,4-D of concentration 1 mg/L was completely removed within 6 min of plasma treatment. Almost complete mineralization was achieved after the treatment time of 14 min for a 2,4-D concentration of 10 mg/L. Effects of different water constituents such as carbonates, nitrate, sulphate, chloride ions, natural organic matter (humic acids) and pH on 2,4-D degradation was studied. A significant antagonistic effect of carbonate and humic acid was observed, whereas, the effects of other ions were insignificant. A higher first order rate constant of 1.73 min-1 was observed, which was significantly decreased in the presence of carbonate ions and humic acids. Also, a higher degradation of 2,4-D was observed in acidic pH conditions. Different 2,4-D intermediates were detected and the degradation pathway of 2,4-D in plasma treatment process was suggested. The toxicity of 10 mg/L 2,4-D was completely eradicated after 10 min of plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, India
| | - Ligy Philip
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, India.
| | - Sarathi Ramanujam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, India
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Yuan W, Liu Z, Liu P, Zhao R, Wu G, Fan S, Zhou Y. [Determination of 4 kinds of plant growth regulator in bean sprout by solid phase extraction column coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2017; 46:783-812. [PMID: 29903308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A method for the determination of 6-benzylaminopurine( 6-BAP), isopentennyladenine( z-IP), 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid( 4-FPA), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid( 4-CPA) in bean sprout was developed using solid phase extraction column with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. METHODS The sample was extracted by acetonitrile,dehydrated by salt,then centrifugation,and purified by PXC/PWA solid phase extraction column. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on C18 chromatographic column( 100 mm ×2. 1 mm,1. 8 μm),acetonitrile and sodium dihydrogen phosphate for gradient elution,diode array detector for detection,and quantified with external standard method. RESULTS The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0. 25-25 μg/mL( 6-BAP and z-IP) and 0. 50-50 μg/mL( 4-FPA and 4-CPA) with correlation coefficients greater than 0. 999. Three levels spiked recoveries were carried out using blank bean sprout extraction as substrate,the recoveries ranged from70. 0% to 96. 4%,and the relative standard deviations( RSDs) ranged from 2. 84% to12. 10%( n = 6). The qualitative limits of detections were 0. 0082-0. 075 mg/kg and the quantitative limits were 0. 027-0. 25 mg/kg for the 4 PGRs. CONCLUSION The method is simple and easy to operate using solid phase extraction column coupled,simultaneous determination of 4 PGRs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography,can ensure the corresponding accuracy,sensitivity and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Yuan
- Pinggu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Pinggu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101200, China
| | | | - Rong Zhao
- Pinggu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- Pinggu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Sai Fan
- Pinggu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Pinggu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101200, China
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28
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Ngo TH, Hien TT, Thuan NT, Minh NH, Chi KH. Atmospheric PCDD/F concentration and source apportionment in typical rural, Agent Orange hotspots, and industrial areas in Vietnam. Chemosphere 2017; 182:647-655. [PMID: 28527418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam has a double burden of dioxin from both industrial sources and historical sources. To evaluate the concentration of PCDD/Fs in ambient air in different areas of Vietnam and their possible sources, atmospheric samples were collected from three areas namely Son La (rural area) and Da Nang (harbor - Agent Orange hotspot area), and Ho Chi Minh City (metropolitan - industrial city). Vapor and solid phases of PCDD/Fs were collected and analyzed following the TO-9A sampling method. Principal Component Analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization model were applied to characterize the possible source. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs were found to be 21.3 ± 13 fg I-TEQ/m3 in Son La (n = 32), 65.2 ± 34 fg I-TEQ/m3 in Da Nang (n = 16) and 139 ± 84 fg I-TEQ/m3 in Ho Chi Minh City (n = 8). The findings of this study targeted open burning (42%) and biomass burning (51%) as the major emission sources of PCDD/Fs in ambient air of Son La, Vietnam. Major possible sources of PCDD/Fs in Da Nang could be transportation activities (64%), however, the other factor (36%) was suspected to be contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TeCDD from Agent Orange. Most of PCDD/Fs emitted in Ho Chi Minh City related to industrial activities (93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hung Ngo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; International Health Program, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - To Thi Hien
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngo Thi Thuan
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Center for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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29
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Wang H, Xu Q, Wang J, Du W, Liu F, Hu X. Dendrimer-like amino-functionalized hierarchical porous silica nanoparticle: A host material for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid imprinting and sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:105-114. [PMID: 28881228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on the amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles was built for the sensitive and selective detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The hierarchical porous dendrimer-like silica nanoparticles (HPSNs-NH2) were synthesized by an ethyl ether emulsion method. The selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) was prepared on the HPSNs-NH2 modified electrode via electropolymerization by using 2,4-D as the template and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as the monomer. The porous structure of HPSNs-NH2 reduced the diffusion limitations of the analytes, enhanced the accessibility and increased the surface area of the sensor, while the MIP layer offered the ability to recognize and quantify target 2,4-D by using ferro/ferricyanide as probes. Several significant experimental parameters on the analytical performance of the MIP/HPSNs-NH2 sensor were explored and optimized. Under the optimized condition, the sensor displayed an appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds and good sensitivity toward 2,4-D. The linear range of 2,4-D detection was from 1.00 × 10-10 to 2.50 × 10-8M and the detection limit was down to 1.17 × 10-11M according to the 3Sa/b criteria. This method has been applied to detect 2,4-D in bean sprout samples with satisfying results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiaoya Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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30
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Wołejko E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P, Konecki R, Grobela M. The influence of chemical protection on the content of heavy metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing on the soil enriched with granular sludge. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:424. [PMID: 28762146 PMCID: PMC5537333 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in Triticum aestivum L. growing on the soil enriched with granular sludge after chemical protection was observed. The five variants of treatments using herbicide (Chwastox Turbo 340SL) and four fungicides (Topsin M 500SC, Amistar 250SC, Artea 330EC, and Falcon 460EC) were performed. On control and experimental plots, the concentration of Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cu in wheat leaves were in the range 0.32-0.99, 0.92-1.57, 0.89-6.31, and 7.08-12.59 mg/kg and in grains 0.03 to 0.11, 0.14-0.25, 0.11-0.76, and 1.06-1.46 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Pb in grain protected by MCPA and 2,4-D with thiophanate-methyl and azoxystrobin was higher than the maximum levels of 0.20 mg/kg D.M. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) differed and depended on chemical protection. The highest value of BCF was achieved for Cd. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between concentration of metals and quality parameters of wheat. One observed significant negative correlations between Ni/Zeleny sedimentation value (r = -0.51) and between Pb/starch content (r = -0.57). Positive correlations were observed between Cd/yield, the number of grains/ergosterol concentration (respectively, r = 0.41, r = 0.55, r = 0.56), and Zn/thousand grain weight (r = 0.50) at a p ≤ 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Białystok, Poland.
| | - B Łozowicka
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - P Kaczyński
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - R Konecki
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - M Grobela
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-318, Poznań, Poland
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31
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Botero LR, Mougin C, Peñuela G, Barriuso E. Formation of 2,4-D bound residues in soils: New insights into microbial metabolism. Sci Total Environ 2017; 584-585:715-722. [PMID: 28131449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbial contribution to the formation of bound residues in soils is studied by characterizing the metabolic activity of three microorganisms (Trametes versicolor, Fusarium solani and Ralstonia eutropha) on 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) during incubation in synthetic liquid media and soil. A fractionation protocol was applied to quantify the 14C-2,4-D that was incorporated into the biomass among biomolecular-like fractions. Successive fractionation of microbial biomass was implemented to break up and quantify the methanol/dichloromethane fraction (corresponding to the 14C-lipid-like fraction), the trichloroacetic acid fraction (or hydrolysed 14C-polysaccharide-like fraction) and the acid hydrolysable fraction (or the hydrolysed 14C-protein-like fraction). Relevant differences in the 2,4-D degradation and biomass radioactivity distribution among the three microorganisms were found. The 14C-protein-like fraction was the most consistent biomass fraction for reflecting the pesticide use capacity of the microorganisms under liquid and soil conditions. 2,4-D and its metabolite 4-chlorophenol were detected in methanol/dichloromethane and trichloroacetic acid fractions of the biomass of microorganisms exhibiting a low capacity to mineralize 2,4-D, thus proving that the microbial participation in the formation of bound residues while conserving the initial pesticide structure under natural soil conditions may be intimately associated with the lipid- and polysaccharide-like constituents. The fractionation protocol differentiates between 14C that is incorporated into biomass as a biomolecular constituent and the pesticide or its metabolites that accumulate in the biomass and thus correspond to the stricto sensu definition of bound residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rocío Botero
- Grupo de Investigaciones y Mediciones Ambientales, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 No. 30-65, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Chistian Mougin
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Gustavo Peñuela
- Grupo Diagnóstico y Control de la Contaminación, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Enrique Barriuso
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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Bianchi E, Lessing G, Brina KR, Angeli L, Andriguetti NB, Peruzzo JRS, do Nascimento CA, Spilki FR, Ziulkoski AL, da Silva LB. Monitoring the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Potential and the Presence of Pesticides and Hydrocarbons in Water of the Sinos River Basin, Southern Brazil. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 72:321-334. [PMID: 28132076 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Sinos River is one of the most polluted rivers in Brazil. The purpose of this work was to monitor the presence of some pesticides and hydrocarbons as well as the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on HEp-2 cells from water samples collected at seven sites in the Sinos River Basin (SRB), southern Brazil. Nine samples were taken from the three main rivers in the SRB and used as a solution to dilute the HEp-2 cell culture medium after microfiltration. Twenty-four pesticides and 19 hydrocarbons were measured. Cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, in which cells were exposed to different concentrations of the water samples for 24 h. Genotoxicity of the microfiltrated raw water samples was assessed by comet assay after 6 and 24 h of exposure. Among the chemicals analyzed, only the 2,4-D, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethene, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, styrene, and toluene were detected, but they were all lower than the limit established by Brazilian regulations. Twenty samples from a total of 60 had a cytotoxic effect in the MTT assay and 30 in the NR assay. The comet assay indicated the presence of genotoxic substances in the water at the seven locations monitored. Temporal and spatial variation was observed in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays. Results indicated that the water in all stretches of the SRB is contaminated and it can cause harmful effects to humans and to the aquatic biota. This HEp-2 cell-line approach can be an additional tool for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Bianchi
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lessing
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Karisa Roxo Brina
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Angeli
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Augusto do Nascimento
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Cytotoxicity Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Basso da Silva
- Animal Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
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Han Y, Yang C, Zhou Y, Han D, Yan H. Ionic Liquid-Hybrid Molecularly Imprinted Material-Filter Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC for Determination of 6-Benzyladenine and 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Bean Sprouts. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1750-1757. [PMID: 28147482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A new method involving ionic liquid-hybrid molecularly imprinted material-filter solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (IL-HIM-FSPE-HPLC) was developed for the simultaneous isolation and determination of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) in bean sprouts. Sample preconcentration was performed using a modified filter, with the new IL-HIM as the adsorbent, which shows double adsorption. The first adsorption involves special recognition of molecular imprinting, and the second involves ion exchange and electrostatic attraction caused by the ionic liquid. This method combines the advantages of ionic liquids, hybrid materials, and molecularly imprinted polymers and was successfully applied to determine 6-BA and 4-CPA in bean sprouts. The adsorption of 6-BA to IL-HIM is based on selective imprinted recognition, whereas the adsorption of 4-CPA is mainly dependent on ion-exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Han
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Public Health, and ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chunliu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Public Health, and ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Public Health, and ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Public Health, and ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Public Health, and ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
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Jaafarzadeh N, Ghanbari F, Ahmadi M. Catalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by nano-Fe 2O 3 activated peroxymonosulfate: Influential factors and mechanism determination. Chemosphere 2017; 169:568-576. [PMID: 27898330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most applicable herbicides in the world. Therefore, its residue in aquatic environment threatens the human health and ecosystems. In this study, Fe2O3 (hematite) nanoparticles (HNPs) were synthesized, and the characteristics of the obtained HNPs were determined using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, and particle size analyzer (PSA). The catalytic activity of HNPs was evaluated for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of 2,4-D. The effects of the operating parameters were studied for the PMS/HNPs system. The results showed that the acidic condition provided higher efficiency, while overdosing of PMS had a scavenging effect. The PMS/HNPs showed high efficiency in comparison with the homogeneous forms of iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+). Reusability of HNPs was studied in five consequent usages. The presence of the anions (chloride, nitrate, and hydrogen phosphate) reduced the 2,4-D degradation. Moreover, the catalytic activity of HNPs was also investigated in the presence of other oxidants. UV irradiation increased the function of PMS/HNPs and its mechanism was described. The order of 2,4-D removal for the oxidants was PMS > persulfate > H2O2 > percarbonate. A total of 29.7% of 2,4-D chlorine content was released during the destruction of 2,4-D. The quenching study showed that sulfate radical was the major agent in the degradation of 2,4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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35
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Liu ZH, Yin H, Dang Z. Do estrogenic compounds in drinking water migrating from plastic pipe distribution system pose adverse effects to human? An analysis of scientific literature. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:2126-2134. [PMID: 27830418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread application of plastic pipes in drinking water distribution system, the effects of various leachable organic chemicals have been investigated and their occurrence in drinking water supplies is monitored. Most studies focus on the odor problems these substances may cause. This study investigates the potential endocrine disrupting effects of the migrating compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-d-t-BP). The summarized results show that the migration of 2,4-d-t-BP from plastic pipes could result in chronic exposure and the migration levels varied greatly among different plastic pipe materials and manufacturing brands. Based on estrogen equivalent (EEQ), the migrating levels of the leachable compound 2,4-d-t-BP in most plastic pipes were relative low. However, the EEQ levels in drinking water migrating from four out of 15 pipes may pose significant adverse effects. With the increasingly strict requirements on regulation of drinking water quality, these results indicate that some drinking water transported with plastic pipes may not be safe for human consumption due to the occurrence of 2,4-d-t-BP. Moreover, 2,4-d-t-BP is not the only plastic pipe-migrating estrogenic compound, other compounds such as 2-tert-butylphenol (2-t-BP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), and others may also be leachable from plastic pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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Jeffries MD, Gannon TW, Brosnan JT, Breeden GK. Comparing Dislodgeable 2,4-D Residues across Athletic Field Turfgrass Species and Time. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168086. [PMID: 27936174 PMCID: PMC5148094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-dimethylamine salt (2,4-D) is an herbicide commonly applied on athletic fields for broadleaf weed control that can dislodge from treated turfgrass. Dislodge potential is affected by numerous factors, including turfgrass canopy conditions. Building on previous research confirming herbicide-turfgrass dynamics can vary widely between species, field research was initiated in 2014 and 2015 in Raleigh, NC, USA to quantify dislodgeable 2,4-D residues from dormant hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis) and hybrid bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), which are common athletic field playing surfaces in subtropical climates. Additionally, dislodgeable 2,4-D was compared at AM (7:00 eastern standard time) and PM (14:00) sample timings within a day. Samples collected from perennial ryegrass consistently resulted in greater 2,4-D dislodgment immediately after application (9.4 to 9.9% of applied) compared to dormant hybrid bermudagrass (2.3 to 2.9%), as well as at all AM compared to PM timings from 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT; 0.4 to 6.3% compared to 0.1 to 0.8%). Dislodgeable 2,4-D did not differ across turfgrass species at PM sample collections, with ≤ 0.1% of the 2,4-D applied dislodged from 1 to 6 DAT, and 2,4-D detection did not occur at 12 and 24 DAT. In conclusion, dislodgeable 2,4-D from treated turfgrass can vary between species and over short time-scales within a day. This information should be taken into account in human exposure risk assessments, as well as by turfgrass managers and athletic field event coordinators to minimize 2,4-D exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Jeffries
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Travis W. Gannon
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James T. Brosnan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Breeden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Karami S, Maleki A, Karimi E, Poormazaheri H, Zandi S, Davari B, Salimi YZ, Gharibi F, Kalantar E. Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by bacteria with highly antibiotic-resistant pattern isolated from wheat field soils in Kurdistan, Iran. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:659. [PMID: 27832433 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest to clean up the soils contaminated with herbicide. Our aim was to determine the bioremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from wheat fields which have a long history of herbicide in Sanandaj. Based on our literature survey, this study is the first report to isolate and identify antimicrobial resistant bacteria from polluted wheat field soils in Sanandaj which has the capacity to degrade 2,4-D. From 150 2,4-D-exposed soil samples, five different bacteria were isolated and identified based on biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Pseudomonas has been the most frequently isolated genus. By sequencing the 16S rRNA gene of the isolated bacteria, the strains were detected and identified as a member of the genus Pseudomonas sp, Entrobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Seratia sp, and Staphylococcus sp. The sequence of Sanandaj 1 isolate displayed 87% similarity with the 16S rRNA gene of a Pseudomonas sp (HE995788). Similarly, all the isolates were compared to standard strains based on 16S rRNA. Small amounts of 2,4-D could be transmitted to a depth of 10-20 cm; however, in the depth of 20-40 cm, we could not detect the 2,4-D. The isolates were resistant to various antibiotics particularly, penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Karami
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Helen Poormazaheri
- Dietary and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shiva Zandi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Behrooz Davari
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yahya Zand Salimi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fardin Gharibi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Kalantar
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Dietary and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Radwan EK, Yu L, Achari G, Langford CH. Photocatalytic ozonation of pesticides in a fixed bed flow through UVA-LED photoreactor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21313-21318. [PMID: 27497854 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fixed bed flow through UVA-LED photoreactor was used to compare the efficiency of ozone, photocatalysis and photocatalysis-ozone degradation, and mineralization of two pure pesticides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and a commercial one, Killex®. For the degradation of the parent compounds, ozone-based processes were more effective. While for mineralization, photocatalytic processes were more effective. Photocatalytic ozonation was the most efficient process for both the degradation and mineralization of the parent compounds. The degradation rates and mineralization by photocatalytic ozonation were higher than the summation of the corresponding rates by ozonation and photocatalysis, indicating a symbiotic relationship.Overall, the photocatalytic ozonation process with the fixed bed TiO2 reduces the time needed for the degradation and mineralization of the pesticides, reduces the costs of powder catalyst separation and overcomes the reduced efficiency of immobilized catalysts, which makes the process quite attractive for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad K Radwan
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Linlong Yu
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cooper H Langford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Jeffries MD, Yelverton FH, Ahmed KA, Gannon TW. Persistence in and Release of 2,4-D and Azoxystrobin from Turfgrass Clippings. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:2030-2037. [PMID: 27898773 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.03.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that pesticide residue in clippings from previously treated turfgrass may become bioavailable as grass decomposes, adversely affecting off-target organisms. We conducted a field study to quantify 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and azoxystrobin (methyl(E)-2-{2[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrmidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate) residues in turfgrass clippings collected from hybrid bermudagrass [ (L.) Pers. × Burtt-Davy], tall fescue [ (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], and zoysiagrass ( Steud.). A subsequent greenhouse experiment was conducted to measure pesticide release from clippings into water. 2,4-D (1.6 kg a.i. ha) and azoxystrobin (0.6 kg a.i. ha) were applied to field plots at 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, or 0 d before collection of the clippings. Clippings were collected from each experimental unit to quantify pesticide release from clippings into water. Both 2,4-D and azoxystrobin were detected when turfgrass was treated over the 32-d experimental period, suggesting that clipping management should be implemented for an extended period of time after application. Pesticide residue was detected in all water samples collected, confirming 2,4-D and azoxystrobin release from turfgrass clippings; however, pesticide release varied between compounds. Two days after clippings were incorporated in water, 39 and 10% of 2,4-D and azoxystrobin were released from clippings, respectively. Our research supports the currently recommended practice of returning clippings to the turfgrass stand when mowing because removal of 2,4-D and azoxystrobin in clippings may reduce pest control and cause adverse off-target impacts.
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Torun M, Şolpan D. Analytical studies on degradation mechanism of herbicide 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by gamma/H2O2 and gamma/ozone processes. Environ Technol 2016; 37:2494-2507. [PMID: 26878254 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1153155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiolytic degradation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid was followed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The synergic effect of ozone is found to be relatively high since the amounts of detected aromatic intermediates are lower as well as the amounts of small aliphatic acids are higher. Chloride ions are one of the most important mineralization products and splitted with a yield of more than 80%. The amounts of small aliphatic acids formed in the last step before mineralization (oxalic, acetic and formic acid) were followed and their formation from 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid was confirmed. Dissolved oxygen was consumed to form reactive radicals during irradiation. Product analysis and confirmation are followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. The degradation path of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid was suggested with determined intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Torun
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe-Ankara , Turkey
| | - Dilek Şolpan
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe-Ankara , Turkey
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Trivedi NS, Mandavgane SA, Kulkarni BD. Mustard plant ash: a source of micronutrient and an adsorbent for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:20087-20099. [PMID: 26884245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The work highlights the utilization of an agricultural waste mustard plant ash (MPA) as a soil additive and an adsorbent. MPA was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), proximate analysis, CHNS analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRF analysis confirmed the presence of CaO (31.35 %), K2O (18.55 %), and P2O5 (6.99 %), all of which act as micronutrients to plants. EDX also confirms high amount of elemental O, Ca, K, and P. The adsorptive ability of MPA was investigated using a commonly used herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as a representative chemical. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effect of different operational parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial 2,4-D concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process. Data from experiments were fitted to various kinetic and isothermal models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to show the best fit (R 2 > 0.99), with the highest k 2 value of the order 105. Based on the study results, dosage of MPA/hectare for different crops has been recommended for effective removal of 2,4-D. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which MPA has been characterized in detail and investigated for dual applications (as an adsorbent and as a soil additive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh S Trivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, VNIT, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, 440 010, India
| | - Sachin A Mandavgane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, VNIT, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, 440 010, India.
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Liu P, Fan S, Wu G, Zhao R, Liu W, Zhao X. [Determination of 6 kinds of plant growth regulator in bean sprout by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2016; 45:483-489. [PMID: 27459816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A method for the simultaneous determination of 6 plant growth regulator (PGR) residues in bean sprout was developed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). 6-Benzylaminopurine, isopentennyladenine, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid, indole-3- acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid were concerned. METHODS Bean sprout samples were extracted by acetonitrile and QuEChERS extraction kit, purified by C18 powers. After centrifugation, the sample liquids was diluted 10 times by ultrapure water. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on an waters acquity UPLC BEH C18 column( 100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 microm). The analyzer confirmed and quantified by mass spectrum of triple quadrupole in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified by matrix-matched external standard method. RESULTS The calibration curves showed good linearity in each range with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. 3 levels spiked recoveries were carried out using blank bean sprout extraction as substrate, the recoveries ranged from 84.2% to 107.5%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 3.08% to 12.71%. The qualitative limits of detections (S/N = 3) were 0.03-3.0 microg/kg and the quantitative limits(S/N = 10) were 0.1-10.0 microg/kg for the 6 PGRs. CONSLUSION The method is simple and easy to operate, with less organic reagent, high sensitivity and good stability. It is suitable for the detection of 6 kinds of plant growth regulators in bean sprouts.
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Souza FL, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lanza MRV, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Performance of wind-powered soil electroremediation process for the removal of 2,4-D from soil. J Environ Manage 2016; 171:128-132. [PMID: 26861224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied a wind-powered electrokinetic soil flushing process for the removal of pesticides from soil. This approach aims to develop an eco-friendly electrochemical soil treatment technique and to face the in-situ treatment of polluted soils at remote locations. Herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is selected as a model pollutant for the soil treatment tests. The performance of the wind-powered process throughout a 15 days experiment is compared to the same remediation process powered by a conventional DC power supply. The wind-powered test covered many different wind conditions (from calm to near gale), being performed 20.7% under calm conditions and 17% under moderate or gentle breeze. According to the results obtained, the wind-powered soil treatment is feasible, obtaining a 53.9% removal of 2,4-D after 15 days treatment. Nevertheless, the remediation is more efficient if it is fed by a constant electric input (conventional DC power supply), reaching a 90.2% removal of 2,4-D with a much lower amount of charge supplied (49.2 A h kg(-1) and 4.33 A h kg(-1) for wind-powered and conventional) within the same operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Souza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M R V Lanza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Sun XL, Kido T, Honma S, Okamoto R, Manh HD, Maruzeni S, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Nakano T, Koh E, Takasuga T, Nhu DD, Hung NN, Son LK. Influence of dioxin exposure upon levels of prostate-specific antigen and steroid hormones in Vietnamese men. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:7807-13. [PMID: 26758301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the relationship between Agent Orange and prostate cancer have focused on US veterans of the Vietnam War. There have been few studies focusing on the relationship between levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and dioxins or steroid hormones in Vietnamese men. In 2009-2011, we collected blood samples from 97 men who had resided in a "dioxin hotspot" and 85 men from a non-sprayed region in Vietnam. Then levels of PSA, dioxins, and steroid hormones were analyzed. Levels of most dioxins, furans, and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls were higher in the hotspot than those in the non-sprayed region. Levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estradiol differed significantly between the hotspot and the non-sprayed region, but there were no correlations between levels of PSA and steroid hormones and dioxins in either of the two regions. Our findings suggest that PSA levels in Vietnamese men are not associated with levels of dioxin or steroid hormones in these two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liang Sun
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, 920-0942.
| | - Seijiro Honma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Rie Okamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ho Dung Manh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Shoko Maruzeni
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eitetsu Koh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Dang Duc Nhu
- 10-80 Division, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Ke Son
- Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Terzopoulou E, Voutsa D. Active and passive sampling for the assessment of hydrophilic organic contaminants in a river basin-ecotoxicological risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:5577-5591. [PMID: 26573318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a complementary approach for the evaluation of water quality in a river basin by employing active and passive sampling. Thirty-eight hydrophilic organic compounds (HpOCs) (organohalogen herbicides, organophosphorous pesticides, carbamate, triazine, urea, pharmaceuticals, phenols, and industrial chemicals) were studied in grab water samples and in passive samplers POCIS collected along Strymonas River, Northern Greece, at three sampling campaigns during the year 2013. Almost all the target compounds were detected at the periods of high rainfall intensity and/or low flow rate. The most frequently detected compounds were aminocarb, carbaryl, chlorfenviphos, chloropropham, 2,4-D, diflubenzuron, diuron, isoproturon, metolachlor, and salicylic acid. Bisphenol A and nonylphenol were also occasionally detected. The use of POCIS allowed the detection of more micropollutants than active sampling. Low discrepancy between the concentrations obtained from both samplings was observed, at least for compounds with >50 % detection frequency; thus, POCIS could be a valuable tool for the selection and monitoring of the most relevant HpOCs in the river basin. Results showed relatively low risk from the presence of HpOCs; however, the potential risk associated with micropollutants such as carbaryl, dinoseb, diuron, fenthion, isoproturon, metolachlor, nonylphenol, and salicylic acid should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Interbalkan Environment Center (i-BEC), Loutrwn, 572 00, Lagkadas, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Risco C, Rodrigo S, López-Vizcaíno R, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Electrokinetic flushing with surrounding electrode arrangements for the remediation of soils that are polluted with 2,4-D: A case study in a pilot plant. Sci Total Environ 2016; 545-546:256-265. [PMID: 26747990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) technologies for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from spiked soils using an electrode configuration consisting of one cathode surrounded by six anodes (1c6a) and one anode surrounded by 6 cathodes (1a6c). Experiments were conducted for over one month in a bench-scale set-up (175 dm(3) of capacity) that was completely automated and operated at a constant electric field (1.0V cm(-1)). The electrical current, temperature, pH, moisture and pollutant concentration in electrolyte wells were monitored daily, and at the end of the experiments, an in-depth sectioned analysis of the complete soil section (post-mortem analysis) was conducted. Despite the geometric similarity, the two strategies led to very different results mainly in terms of water and herbicide mobilization, whereas pH and conductivity do not depend strongly on the electrode configuration. The volume of water extracted from cathodes with 1a6c is seven times higher than that of the 1c6a strategy. Herbicide was transported to the anode wells by electromigration and then dragged toward the cathode wells by electro-osmotic fluxes, with the first process being much more important. The configuration 1c6a was the most efficient and attained a transfer of 70% of the herbicide contained in the soil to flushing water in 35 days. These results outperform those obtained by the configuration 1a6c, for which less than 8% of the herbicide was transferred to flushing fluids in a much longer time (58 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Risco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R López-Vizcaíno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Bollella P, Fusco G, Tortolini C, Sanzò G, Antiochia R, Favero G, Mazzei F. Inhibition-based first-generation electrochemical biosensors: theoretical aspects and application to 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3203-11. [PMID: 26874693 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, several theoretical aspects involved in the first-generation inhibition-based electrochemical biosensor measurements have been discussed. In particular, we have developed a theoretical-methodological approach for the characterization of the kinetic interaction between alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) as representative inhibitor studied by means of cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Based on these findings, a biosensor for the fast, simple, and inexpensive determination of 2,4-D has been developed. The enzyme has been immobilized on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). To optimize the biosensor performances, several carbon-based SPEs, namely graphite (G), graphene (GP), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), have been evaluated. AlP was immobilized on the electrode surface by means of polyvinyl alcohol with styryl-pyridinium groups (PVA-SbQ) as cross-linking agent. In the presence of ascorbate 2-phosphate (A2P) as substrate, the herbicide has been determined, thanks to its inhibition activity towards the enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of A2P to ascorbic acid (AA). Under optimum experimental conditions, the best performance in terms of catalytic efficiency has been demonstrated by MWCNTs SPE-based biosensor. The inhibition biosensor shows a linearity range towards 2,4-D within 2.1-110 ppb, a LOD of 1 ppb, and acceptable repeatability and stability. This analysis method was applied to fortified lake water samples with recoveries above 90%. The low cost of this device and its good analytical performances suggest its application for the screening and monitoring of 2,4-D in real matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fusco
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sanzò
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
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Jeffries MD, Gannon TW, Brosnan JT, Ahmed KA, Breeden GK. Factors Influencing Dislodgeable 2, 4-D Plant Residues from Hybrid Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis) Athletic Fields. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148992. [PMID: 26863005 PMCID: PMC4749244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research to date has confirmed 2,4-D residues may dislodge from turfgrass; however, experiments have not been conducted on hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis), the most common athletic field turfgrass in subtropical climates. More specifically, previous research has not investigated the effect of post-application irrigation on dislodgeable 2,4-D residues from hybrid bermudagrass and across turfgrass species, research has been nondescript regarding sample time within a d (TWD) or conducted in the afternoon when the turfgrass canopy is dry, possibly underestimating potential for dislodgement. The effect of irrigation and TWD on 2,4-D dislodgeability was investigated. Dislodgeable 2,4-D amine was reduced > 300% following irrigation. From 2 to 7 d after treatment (DAT), ≤ 0.5% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged from irrigated turfgrass, while ≤ 2.3% of applied 2,4-D was dislodged when not irrigated. 2,4-D dislodgeability decreased as TWD increased. Dislodgeable 2,4-D residues declined to < 0.1% of the applied at 1 DAT- 13:00, and increased to 1 to 3% of the applied 2 DAT- 5:00, suggesting 2,4-D re-suspended on treated turfgrass vegetation overnight. In conclusion, irrigating treated turfgrass reduced dislodgeable 2,4-D. 2,4-D dislodgeability increased as TWD decreased, which was attributed to non-precipitation climatic conditions favoring turfgrass canopy wetness. This research will improve turfgrass management practices and research designed to minimize human 2,4-D exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Jeffries
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Travis W. Gannon
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James T. Brosnan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Khalied A. Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Breeden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Chesnokova LA, Mikhaylova IV, Voronkova IP, Karmanova DS. [Experimental evaluation of the impact of low doses of the herbicide 2,4-D in drinking water on some indices of lipid and immune status]. Gig Sanit 2016; 95:450-454. [PMID: 29412559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There were studied features of the manifestation of incoming with potable water nontoxic doses of the herbicide 2,4-D on the body mass index, some indices of lipid metabolism and immune system in different types of diets in the experiment in rats. There was shown a significant gain in body weight of animals, and MDA and leptin level in the serum under the action of a herbicide in conjunction with a high-calorie diet. In all experimental groups there was noted the increased level of total cholesterol, tendency to the increase of LDL cholesterol. Under the action of the herbicide there was noted an increase of IL-6, TNF-a and the numbers of leukocytes and, on the contrary, the reduction of the number of thymocytes and kariocytes in thymus and spleen.
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50
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Van Thuong N, Hung NX, Mo NT, Thang NM, Huy PQ, Van Binh H, Nam VD, Van Thuy N, Son LK, Minh NH. Transport and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at the Bien Hoa Agent Orange hotspot in Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:14431-14441. [PMID: 25510612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bien Hoa airbase (south of Vietnam) is known as one of the Agent Orange hotspots which have been seriously contaminated by Agent Orange/dioxin during the Vietnam War. Hundreds of samples including soil, sediment and fish were collected at the Bien Hoa Agent Orange hotspot for assessment of the environmental contamination caused by dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The toxicity equivalency quotient (TEQ) concentration of PCDD/Fs in soil and sediment varied from 7.6 to 962,000 and 17 to 4860 pg/g dry wt, respectively, implying very high contamination of PCDD/Fs in several areas. PCDD/F levels in fish ranged between 1.8 and 288 pg/g TEQ wet wt and was generally higher than advisory guidelines for food consumption. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (2,3,7,8-TCDD) contributed 66-99 % of TEQ for most of the samples, suggesting 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) from Agent Orange as the major source of the contamination. The vertical transport of PCDD/Fs was observed in soil column with high TEQ levels above 1000 pg/g dry wt (Vietnamese limit for necessary remediation activities- TCVN 8183:2009 (2009)) even at a depth of 1.8 m. The vertical transport of PCDD/Fs has probably mainly taken place during the "Ranch Hand" defoliant spray activities due to the leaks and spills of phenoxy herbicides and solvents. The congener patterns suggest that transports of PCDD/Fs by weathering processes have led to their redistribution in the low-land areas. Also, an estimate for the total volume of contaminated soil requiring remediation to meet Vietnamese regulatory limits is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Thuong
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Hung
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mo
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Manh Thang
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quang Huy
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Binh
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Duc Nam
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thuy
- Center for Environmental Monitoring (CEM), Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Ke Son
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Office of the National Steering Committee 33, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), Nr. 83 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Dioxin Laboratory Project, Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), Nr. 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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