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Imade O, Ilesanmi BV, Ogunwole GO, Elekofehinti OO, Souza MCO, Barbosa F, Adedire CO, Adeyemi JA. Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol on non-specific immunity, histopathological lesions, and redox balance in African Catfish, clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024; 87:480-495. [PMID: 38591921 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2339538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The toxic effects of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) on aquatic organisms are well-established; however, the details regarding the mechanisms underlying the toxicity, especially immunotoxicity are poorly understood. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the histopathologic, oxidative stress and immunotoxic effects attributed to exposure to sublethal concentrations of 2,4-DCP in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mg/L 2, 4-DCP for 28 days after which blood and head kidney were extracted for the determination of various nonspecific innate immune parameters while the liver was excised for histopathology examination and measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers. Control fish were maintained in water spiked 10 µL/L ethanol, representing the solvent control. A significant increase was noted in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase as well as in levels of lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, with higher adverse effects observed at the highest concentration tested (1.6 mg/L). The total white blood cells (WBC) count was significantly elevated in fish exposed to 2,4-DCP compared to control. Myeloperoxidase content was decreased significantly in fish exposed to 2,4-DCP especially at the highest concentration (1.6 mg/L) compared to controls. The respiratory burst activity did not differ markedly amongst groups. Histopathological lesions noted included edema, leucocyte infiltration, and depletion of hemopoietic tissue in the head kidney of exposed fish. There was significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) but downregulation of major histocompatibility complex 2 (MHC 2) in exposed fish. Data demonstrated that exposure to 2,4-DCP resulted in histopathological lesions, oxidative stress, and compromised immune system in C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayimwen Imade
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Bobola V Ilesanmi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Germaine O Ogunwole
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olusola O Elekofehinti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chris O Adedire
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu J, Yang T, Li Y, Li S, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Associations of maternal exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during early pregnancy with steroid hormones among one-month-old infants. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169414. [PMID: 38114038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used hormonal herbicide, may disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis. However, evidence from population-based studies is limited, especially for one-month-old infants whose steroid hormones are in a state of adjustment to extrauterine life and can be important indicators of endocrine development. This study aimed to explore the associations between maternal 2,4-D exposure during early pregnancy and infant steroid hormone levels. METHODS The 885 mother-infant pairs were from a birth cohort in Wuhan, China. Maternal exposure to 2,4-D was determined in urine samples from early pregnancy, and nine steroid hormones were determined in infant urine. The associations of maternal 2,4-D exposure with infant steroid hormones and their product-to-precursor ratios were estimated based on generalized linear models, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted with public databases to explore the potential mechanisms involved. RESULTS The detection frequency of 2,4-D was 99.32 %, and the detection frequency of steroid hormones ranged from 98.42 % to 100.00 %. After adjusting for covariates, an interquartile range increase in 2,4-D concentrations was associated with a 7.84 % decrease in 11-deoxycortisol (95 % confidence interval, CI: -14.12 %, -1.10 %), an 8.09 % decrease in corticosterone (95 % CI: -14.56 %, -1.14 %), an 8.67 % decrease in cortisol (95 % CI: -14.43 %, -2.52 %), a 13.00 % decrease in cortisone (95 % CI: -20.64 %, -4.62 %), and an 11.17 % decrease in aldosterone (95 % CI: -19.62 %, -1.83 %). Maternal 2,4-D was also associated with lower infant cortisol/17α-OH-progesterone, cortisol/pregnenolone, and aldosterone/pregnenolone ratios. In bioinformatic analysis, pathways/biological processes related to steroid hormone synthesis and secretion were enriched from target genes of 2,4-D exposure. CONCLUSIONS Maternal urinary 2,4-D during early pregnancy was associated with lower infant urinary 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone, reflecting that 2,4-D exposure may interfere with infant steroid hormone homeostasis. Further efforts are still needed to study the relevant health effects of exposure to 2,4-D, particularly for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shulan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Wang Y, Wan Y, Cao M, Wang A, Mahai G, He Z, Xu S, Xia W. Urinary 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Chinese pregnant women at three trimesters: Variability, exposure characteristics, and association with oxidative stress biomarkers. Chemosphere 2022; 304:135266. [PMID: 35688197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Widespread exposure to herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) could have potential adverse health effects on pregnant women. However, related data are scarce. This study aimed to characterize 2,4-D exposure among three trimesters of pregnancy and to explore the relationship of 2,4-D with oxidative stress biomarkers [i.e., 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxy guanosine (8-OHG), and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNEMA)] in urine. The present study analyzed 3675 urine samples of 1225 women (across the three trimesters of pregnancy) in Wuhan, central China. 2,4-D was detectable in 97.4% of the urine samples. The median unadjusted concentration of 2,4-D was 0.12 ng/mL, and the corresponding concentration adjusted by urinary specific gravity (SG-adjusted) was 0.13 ng/mL. The intraclass correlation coefficient of 2,4-D (SG-adjusted concentrations) was 0.07 across the three trimesters. Significantly higher urinary levels of 2,4-D were found in samples from younger pregnant women/samples collected during winter. In addition, significantly positive association between urinary concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers and 2,4-D were found in repeated analysis; an interquartile range increase in 2,4-D was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a 20.8% increase in 8-OHG, a 26.7% increase in 8-OHdG, and a 30.7% increase in HNEMA, respectively. Such associations were also found in trimester-specific analyses. This is the first time to quantify the urinary 2,4-D of pregnant women in China, and this study found significantly positive associations of 2,4-D with oxidative stress biomarkers. Further studies are needed to verify such associations and explore other potential adverse effects of 2,4-D exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Meiling Cao
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Wang W, Ma Y, Chen J, Peng L, Gao X, Lin L, Zhang F, Xiong Y, Qin F, Yuan J. The Association Between 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Erectile Dysfunction. Front Public Health 2022; 10:910251. [PMID: 35812473 PMCID: PMC9263508 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.910251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most frequently used herbicides in the world, and it has been linked with low testosterone; however, studies regarding its effect on erectile function are limited. The current study aimed to determine the association between the 2,4-D exposure and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods We analyzed data for urinary 2,4-D levels from 1,311 men (>20 years of age) in the NHANES 2001–2004. ED was assessed by a single, validated survey question. Multivariable logistic regression analysis utilizing sampling weights was performed to determine the relationship between 2,4-D exposure and ED. Results Multivariable logistic regression models demonstrated no statistically significant association between 2,4-D exposure and ED after full adjustment [odds ratio (OR) 1.02; 95% CI 0.77–1.36; P = 0.882)]. Men in the 2,4-D quartile 4 groups were not associated with an increased risk of ED (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.74–1.75; P for trend = 0.481). Furthermore, the association between urinary 2,4-D level and ED was not significant in the subgroup analysis stratified by age, BMI, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Conclusion We demonstrated that there was no association between 2,4-D exposure and ED. Further studies are warranted to corroborate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lede Lin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuxun Zhang
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiuhong Yuan
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Dereumeaux C, Mercier F, Soulard P, Hulin M, Oleko A, Pecheux M, Fillol C, Denys S, Quenel P. Identification of pesticides exposure biomarkers for residents living close to vineyards in France. Environ Int 2022; 159:107013. [PMID: 34890902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring can be relevant for assessing pesticides exposure of residents living close to vineyards (LCTV). However, because xenobiotics are generally present at low levels in human biological matrices and the sources of pesticide exposure are multiple, several challenges need to be overcome to reliably assess exposure in residents LCTV. This includes particularly identifying the most appropriate exposure biomarkers, the biological matrices in which they should be measured, and analytical methods that are sufficiently sensitive and specific to quantify them. The aim of the present study was to develop a tiered approach to identify relevant biomarkers and matrices for assessing pesticide exposure in residents LCTV. We used samples from a biobank for 121 adults and children included in a national prevalence study conducted between 2014 and 2016 who lived near or far from vineyards. We analyzed five priority pesticides (folpet, mancozeb, tebuconazole, glyphosate, and copper) and their metabolites in urine and hair samples. We identified relevant biomarkers according to three criteria related to: i) the detection frequency of those pesticides and metabolites in urine and hair, ii) the difference in concentrations depending on residence proximity to vineyards and, iii) the influence of other environmental and occupational exposure sources on pesticide levels. This tiered approach helped us to identify three relevant metabolites (two metabolites of folpet and one of tebuconazole) that were quantified in urine, tended to be higher in residents LCTV than in controls, and were not significantly influenced by occupational, dietary, or household sources of pesticide exposure. Our approach also helped us to identify the most appropriate measurement strategies (biological matrices, analytical methods) to assess pesticide exposure in residents LCTV. The approach developed here was a prerequisite step for guiding a large-scale epidemiological study aimed at comprehensively measuring pesticides exposures in French residents LCTV with a view to developing appropriate prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dereumeaux
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Fabien Mercier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pauline Soulard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marion Hulin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Amivi Oleko
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Quenel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Song W, Wan Y, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. Urinary concentrations of 2,4-D in repeated samples from 0-7 year old healthy children in central and south China. Chemosphere 2021; 267:129225. [PMID: 33341734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its analogues are widely used in agriculture. Although the occurrence of 2,4-D in urine has been widely reported in North America, it has scarcely been investigated in China, especially in young children. In addition, both invivo and in vitro studies have shown that high-level 2,4-D exposure is associated with oxidative stress, but their association in a general sensitive population has rarely been evaluated. In this study, 2,4-D and its analogues were measured in 417 urine samples collected from 139 children aged 0-7 during the non-peak season of pesticide application in Wuhan, central China, and Shenzhen, south China. Each of them provided three samples in three consecutive days. An oxidative stress biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), was also measured. The geometric mean (GM) of unconjugated urinary 2,4-D concentration was 0.10 μg/L (corrected by urinary specific gravity, SG-corrected). After β-glucuronidase hydrolysis, the GM of SG-corrected urinary 2,4-D was 0.15 μg/L, and the detection frequency was 100%. Moderate inter-day reproducibility was found within individuals, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.68 for SG-corrected urinary deconjugated 2,4-D. The GM of estimated daily intake of 2,4-D was 6.05 ng/kg-bw/day. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary 2,4-D and 8-OHdG, whereas no association was found after SG-correction. This is the first study to characterize the occurrence of urinary 2,4-D, its inter-day reliability, and its association with urinary 8-OHdG in young children from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518054, PR China.
| | - Zhengdan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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Dereumeaux C, Fillol C, Quenel P, Denys S. Pesticide exposures for residents living close to agricultural lands: A review. Environ Int 2020; 134:105210. [PMID: 31739132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents living close to agricultural lands might be exposed to pesticides through non-occupational pathways including spray drift and volatilization of pesticides beyond the treated area. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify and analyze scientific literature measuring pesticide exposure in non-farmworker residents living close to agricultural lands, and to suggest practical implications and needs for future studies. METHODS A review was performed using inclusion criteria to identify original articles of interest published between 2003 and 2018. RESULTS From the 29 articles selected in this review, 2 belonged to the same study and were grouped, resulting in a total of 27 studies. Seven studies assessed exposure to pesticides using environmental samples, 13 collected biological samples and 7 analyzed both. Nine studies included a reference group of residents living far from agricultural lands while 11 assessed the influence of the spraying season or spray events on pesticide exposures. Studies included in this review provide evidence that residents living near to agricultural lands are exposed to higher levels of pesticides than residents living further away. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This review highlights that the following study design characteristics may be more appropriate than others to measure pesticide spray drift exposure in non-farmworker residents living close to agricultural lands: inclusion of a non-agricultural control group, collection of both biological and environmental samples with repeated sampling, measurements at different periods of the year, selection of numerous study sites related to one specific crop group, and measurements of pesticides which are specific to agricultural use. However, few studies to date incorporate all these characteristics. Additional studies are needed to comprehensively measure non-occupational pesticide exposures in this population in order to evaluate health risks, and to develop appropriate prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dereumeaux
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Quenel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Leão MB, Gonçalves DF, Miranda GM, da Paixão GMX, Dalla Corte CL. Toxicological evaluation of the herbicide Palace® in Drosophila melanogaster. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:1172-1185. [PMID: 31875774 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1709109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable model for toxicological studies of environmental pollutants including pesticides, which are known to produce adverse effects on the ecosystem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the adverse influence of the pesticide Palace®, a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and picloram, using D. melanogaster as a model organism. D. melanogaster larvae were exposed to 0.011%, 0.022%, 0.112%, 0.224%, and 1.12% of Palace® and development examined. Adult flies were treated with 0.224%, 1.12%, 2.24%, 11.2%, and 22.4% of Palace® and the following analyzed survival, locomotor behavior, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total and non-protein thiol levels, and mitochondrial function. Data demonstrated that exposure of flies during larval stage to Palace® significantly affected development of larvae to the adult stage. In adults, treatment with Palace® resulted in dose-dependent progressive adverse effects on survival and behavior with males more sensitive than females. In both males and females, ROS production and AchE activity were not markedly affected by Palace®. However, total thiol levels increased in female heads treated with highest dilution of Palace®, while decreased levels of non-protein thiols were detected in heads of male flies following Palace® exposure. In females and males flies exposed to Palace® reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption related to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) state, mitochondrial capacity of excess (E-P) and respiratory control ratio (RCR) was noted, indicating that the pesticide mixture altered mitochondrial complexes functionality with consequences on bioenergetics. In summary, Palace® exposure produced adverse effects on D. melanogaster affecting survival, development, behavior and mitochondrial function, which may exert ecotoxicological consequences which poses risks to different organisms in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara B Leão
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Caçapava do Sul, Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora F Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Miranda
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Caçapava do Sul, Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M X da Paixão
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Caçapava do Sul, Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane L Dalla Corte
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Caçapava do Sul, Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Mahmoudinia S, Niapour A, Ghasemi Hamidabadi H, Mazani M. 2,4-D causes oxidative stress induction and apoptosis in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:26170-26183. [PMID: 31280441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dicholorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) is a worldwide used hormone herbicide. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells provide a confident model system for the assessments of chemicals in vitro. The main objective of this study was to examine the biological effects and damages attributed to 2,4-D on hDPSCs. hDPSCs were isolated from third molar pulp tissues and their mesenchymal identity were evaluated. Then, hDPSCs were treated with increasing concentrations of 2,4-D (0.1 μM-10 mM). Cell viability assay and cumulative cell counting were carried out to address 2,4-D effects on biological parameters of hDPSCs. Cell cycle distribution, ROS level and ALP activity were measured before and after treatment. AO/EB staining and caspase 3/7 activity were investigated to detect the possible mechanisms of cell death. Flow-cytometric immunophenotyping and differentiation data confirmed the mesenchymal identity of cultivated hDPSCs. 2,4-D treatment caused a hormetic response in the viability and growth rate of hDPSCs. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, enhanced ROS level, and reduced ALP activity were detected in hDPSCs treated with EC50 dose of 2,4-D. AO/EB staining showed a higher percentage of alive cells in lower concentrations of the herbicide. The increment in 2,4-D dose and the number of early and late apoptotic cells were increased. DAPI staining and caspase 3/7 assay validated the induction of apoptosis. 2,4-D concentrations up to 100 μM did not affect hDPSCs viability and proliferation. The intense cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis were observed at higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mahmoudinia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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