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Gao S, Hou P, Oh J, Wang D, Greenberg MM. Molecular Mechanism of RNA Polymerase II Transcriptional Mutagenesis by the Epimerizable DNA Lesion, Fapy·dG. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6274-6282. [PMID: 38393762 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA lesions cause significant detrimental effects on a living species. Two major DNA lesions resulting from dG oxidation, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodGuo) and formamidopyrimidine (Fapy·dG), are produced from a common chemical intermediate. Fapy·dG is formed in comparable yields under oxygen-deficient conditions. Replicative bypass of Fapy·dG in human cells is more mutagenic than that of 8-OxodGuo. Despite the biological importance of transcriptional mutagenesis, there are no reports of the effects of Fapy·dG on RNA polymerase II (Pol II) activity. Here we perform comprehensive kinetic studies to investigate the impact of Fapy·dG on three key transcriptional fidelity checkpoint steps by Pol II: insertion, extension, and proofreading steps. The ratios of error-free versus error-prone incorporation opposite Fapy·dG are significantly reduced in comparison with undamaged dG. Similarly, Fapy·dG:A mispair is extended with comparable efficiency as that of the error-free, Fapy·dG:C base pair. The α- and β-configurational isomers of Fapy·dG have distinct effects on Pol II insertion and extension. Pol II can preferentially cleave error-prone products by proofreading. To further understand the structural basis of transcription processing of Fapy·dG, five different structures were solved, including Fapy·dG template-loading state (apo), error-free cytidine triphosphate (CTP) binding state (prechemistry), error-prone ATP binding state (prechemistry), error-free Fapy·dG:C product state (postchemistry), and error-prone Fapy·dG:A product state (postchemistry), revealing distinctive nucleotide binding and product states. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive mechanistic framework for better understanding how Fapy·dG lesions impact transcription and subsequent pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peini Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Juntaek Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Ito A, Kitabatake S, Furuichi W, Takase N, Nakahara T, Akiyama T, Yoshida S, Kusano Y, Furusawa Y, Hirayama R. LET Dependence of 8-Hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Generation in Mammalian Cells under Air-Saturated and Hypoxic Conditions: A Possible Experimental Approach to the Mechanism of the Decreasing Oxygen Effect in the High-LET Region. Radiat Res 2024; 201:189-196. [PMID: 38294870 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00046.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
One of the most distinguished features in biological effects of heavy ions would be the decrease of oxygen effect in the high-LET region. This feature has been referred to as the radiobiological basis for the control of hypoxic fraction in cancer radiotherapy. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon have not been fully understood. One of the explanations was given by the oxygen in the track hypothesis, which proposes that oxygen is produced along ion tracks even in the hypoxic irradiation condition. In the present study, we designed an experimental approach to support this hypothesis by using 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as DNA damage requiring oxygen to produce. The LET dependence of 8-OHdG under hypoxic condition revealed that with increasing LET 8-OHdG yield seems to increase, despite that the yield of OH radical, which is also required for the production of 8-OHdG, decreases in the high-LET region. This result is consistent with the explanation that the local generation of oxygen along ion tracks contributes to the increase of 8-OHdG yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ito
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Kitabatake
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - W Furuichi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Takase
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Akiyama
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Y Kusano
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Section of Medical Physics and Engineering, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Y Furusawa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - R Hirayama
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Goriuc A, Cojocaru KA, Luchian I, Ursu RG, Butnaru O, Foia L. Using 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Reliable Biomarker for Assessing Periodontal Disease Associated with Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1425. [PMID: 38338704 PMCID: PMC10855048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has shown that oxidative stress plays a significant role in chronic inflammatory conditions. The alteration of the oxidant/antioxidant balance leads to the appearance of free radicals, important molecules involved in both diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Diabetes is considered to be one of the major risk factors of periodontal disease and the inflammation characterizing this condition is associated with oxidative stress, implicitly resulting in oxidative damage to DNA. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most common stable product of oxidative DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species, and its levels have been reported to increase in body fluids and tissues during inflammatory conditions. 8-OHdG emerges as a pivotal biomarker for assessing oxidative DNA damage, demonstrating its relevance across diverse health conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, inflammatory conditions, and periodontal disease. Continued research in this field is crucial for developing more precise treatments and understanding the detailed link between oxidative stress and the progression of periodontitis. The use of the 8-OHdG biomarker in assessing and managing chronic periodontitis is an area of increased interest in dental research, with the potential to provide crucial information for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Goriuc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.); (K.-A.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Karina-Alexandra Cojocaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.); (K.-A.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona-Garbriela Ursu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity (IX)—Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Butnaru
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Foia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.); (K.-A.C.); (L.F.)
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Şenel P, Agar S, Yurtsever M, Gölcü A. Voltammetric quantification, spectroscopic, and DFT studies on the binding of the antineoplastic drug Azacitidine with DNA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115746. [PMID: 37862849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, experimental studies were carried out to explore the action mechanism of the anti-cancer drug Azacitidine on the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The drug binding constant (Kb) was found to be 4.13 ± 0.23 × 105 M-1 using voltammetric measurements and 1.67 ± 0.24 × 105 M-1 using the fluorescence spectroscopy. Both values are close to the values of 2.04 ± 0.30 × 105 M-1 for deoxyguanosine (dGuO) and 1.23 ± 0.30 × 105 M-1 for deoxyadenosine (dAdo). In the displacement studies, the ethidium bromide, strong DNA intercalator, was replaced by the Azacitidine, hence caused a decrease on the fluorescence emission intensity. In thermal denaturation studies, the increase of 8.60 °C in the melting temperature upon introduction of the Azacitidine into the dsDNA solution cleary indicated intercalation binding mode of the drug. The experimental and theoretical IR spectra of Azacitidine, dsDNA and their H-bonded complex were confirmed the Azacitidine's intercalation ability to induce cytotoxicity. We also developed a method for the detection of Azacitidine at low concentrations using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The peak current decreases in the oxidation signals of the deoxyguanosine obtained voltammetrically upon the interaction of Azacitidine and dsDNA allowed a sensitive determination of Azacitidine in pH 4.80 acetate buffer. A linear dependence of the deoxyguanosine oxidation signals was observed within the range of 2-20 µM Azacitidine, with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.62 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Şenel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Soykan Agar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Mine Yurtsever
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Ayşegül Gölcü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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Midorikawa K, Kobayashi K, Kato S, Kawanishi S, Kobayashi H, Oikawa S, Murata M. Oxidative DNA damage: Induction by fructose, in vitro, and its enhancement by hydrogen peroxide. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2024; 893:503719. [PMID: 38272630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup comprise nearly equal amounts of glucose and fructose. With the use of high-fructose corn syrup in the food industry, consumption of fructose, which may be a tumor promoter, has increased dramatically. We examined fructose-induced oxidative DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II), with or without the addition of H2O2. With isolated DNA, fructose induced Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage, including formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), to a greater extent than did glucose, and H2O2 enhanced the damage. In cultured human cells, 8-oxodG formation increased significantly following treatment with fructose and the H2O2-generating enzyme glucose oxidase. Fructose may play an important role in oxidative DNA damage, suggesting a possible mechanism for involvement of fructose in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Midorikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Faculty of Child Education, Suzuka University, 663-222, Koriyama, Suzuka, Mie 510-0298, Japan
| | - Kokoro Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Experimental Facility, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Wang D, Liang Q, Tai D, Wang Y, Hao H, Liu Z, Huang L. Association of urinary arsenic with the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine: A meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166600. [PMID: 37659570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified arsenic as a class I carcinogen. Oxidative DNA damage is a typical early precursor to recognized malignancies. The most sensitive early independent marker of oxidative DNA damage is believed to be 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). To date, research on the link between urinary arsenic and 8-OHdG has not been consistent. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at exploring the effects of urinary arsenic on 8-OHdG in human urine. METHODS A literature search until January 2023 was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases through a combination of computer and manual retrieval. Stata 12.0 was used to examine the degree of heterogeneity among included studies. The percentage change and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of 8-OHdG were calculated between populations exposed to different doses. We used a random effect model because the degree of heterogeneity exceeded 50 %. Sensitivity analysis and testing for publication bias were performed. RESULTS This meta-analysis included nine studies, most of which were performed in China. After exposure to arsenic, urinary arsenic (per 10 μg/g creatinine increase) was associated with the increased 8-OHdG (% change = 41.49 %, 95 % CI: 19.73 %, 63.25 %). Subgroup analysis indicated that the percentage change in 8-OHdG in urine was more pronounced in people exposed to arsenic <50 μg/L (% change = 24.60 %, 95 % CI: 17.35 %, 37.85 %). In studies using total urinary arsenic content as an indicator, the percentage change in 8-OHdG in urine was more significant (% change = 60.38 %, 95 % CI: 15.08 %, 105.68 %). CONCLUSION The 8-OHdG levels in human urine significantly increased after exposure to environmental arsenic, thus suggesting that arsenic exposure is correlated with oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dapeng Tai
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongyu Hao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengran Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Nanri H, Hara M, Nishida Y, Shimanoe C, Li YS, Kasai H, Kawai K, Higaki Y, Tanaka K. The Association between Oxidative Balance Score and Urinary Levels of 8-Hydroxy deoxyguanosine among Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4533. [PMID: 37960186 PMCID: PMC10647214 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative balance score (OBS), wherein higher OBSs indicate lower oxidative stress, was designed to assess a composite measure of multiple pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects on an individual's oxidative stress status. This study aimed to evaluate whether OBSs were inversely associated with urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)-an oxidative stress marker-among Japanese adults. This cross-sectional study was based on data obtained during 2010-2012. Overall, 7552 participants from the J-MICC Study Saga who answered a self-administered food frequency questionnaire were recruited for the final analysis. OBSs were calculated from 11 pro-oxidant and antioxidant lifestyle factors, including dietary intake, physical activity, and alcohol and smoking status. Urinary 8-OHdG values were corrected by creatinine level (ng/mg creatinine). Our findings revealed a higher total OBS was significantly associated with lower urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels after adjustment for covariates in men and women (p for trend < 0.01 in both sexes). We performed a multiple regression analysis of the association between OBSs and urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels stratified by age, body mass index (BMI), and menopausal status and found consistent negative associations in most groups for both sexes. No significant differences in the 60-64 age group for women (standardized β = -0.09, p = 0.13) or BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 for men (standardized β = -0.18, p = 0.17) were observed. A higher OBS had a strong inverse association with urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels in men and women among Japanese adults. The OBS might be a useful tool for evaluating the roles of oxidative stress-related lifestyle factors, including diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Kasai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.N.); (K.T.)
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Egleston M, Dong L, Howlader AH, Bhat S, Orris B, Bianchet MA, Greenberg MM, Stivers JT. Deoxyguanosine-Linked Bifunctional Inhibitor of SAMHD1 dNTPase Activity and Nucleic Acid Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2200-2210. [PMID: 37233733 PMCID: PMC10596003 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif histidine-aspartate domain protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase that exists in monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric forms. It is activated by GTP binding to an A1 allosteric site on each monomer subunit, which induces dimerization, a prerequisite for dNTP-induced tetramerization. SAMHD1 is a validated drug target stemming from its inactivation of many anticancer nucleoside drugs leading to drug resistance. The enzyme also possesses a single-strand nucleic acid binding function that promotes RNA and DNA homeostasis by several mechanisms. To discover small molecule inhibitors of SAMHD1, we screened a custom ∼69 000-compound library for dNTPase inhibitors. Surprisingly, this effort yielded no viable hits and indicated that exceptional barriers for discovery of small molecule inhibitors existed. We then took a rational fragment-based inhibitor design approach using a deoxyguanosine (dG) A1 site targeting fragment. A targeted chemical library was synthesized by coupling a 5'-phosphoryl propylamine dG fragment (dGpC3NH2) to 376 carboxylic acids (RCOOH). Direct screening of the products (dGpC3NHCO-R) yielded nine initial hits, one of which (R = 3-(3'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]), 5a) was investigated extensively. Amide 5a is a competitive inhibitor against GTP binding to the A1 site and induces inactive dimers that are deficient in tetramerization. Surprisingly, 5a also prevented ssDNA and ssRNA binding, demonstrating that the dNTPase and nucleic acid binding functions of SAMHD1 can be disrupted by a single small molecule. A structure of the SAMHD1-5a complex indicates that the biphenyl fragment impedes a conformational change in the C-terminal lobe that is required for tetramerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Egleston
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Linghao Dong
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - A. Hasan Howlader
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shridhar Bhat
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin Orris
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mario A. Bianchet
- Department
of Neurology and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Marc M. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - James T. Stivers
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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9
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Hu C, Zhang Z. Effect of pachymaran on oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by formaldehyde. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17465. [PMID: 37838763 PMCID: PMC10576801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To further explore the pharmacological effect of pachymaran, this article studied the inhibition of pachymaran on oxidative stress and genetic damage induced by formaldehyde. 40 adult Kunming male mice were randomly divided into four groups with different interventions. One week later, the contents of serum SOD, GR, MDA, DNA-protein crosslink (DPC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) and DNA adduct were determined by ELISA. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the contents of SOD, GR and MDA among the four groups (P < 0.01). The activity of SOD and GR increased along with the increase of pachymaran dosage (SOD: rs = 0.912, P < 0.01; GR: rs = 0.857, P < 0.01), while the content of MDA showing a significant negative correlation (rs = - 0.893, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of DPC, 8-OHDG and DNA adduct among the four groups (DPC and DNA adduct: P < 0.01, 8-OHDG: P < 0.05), the concentration decreased along with the increase of pachymaran dosage (DPC: rs = - 0.855, P < 0.01; 8-OHDG:rs = - 0.412, P < 0.05, DNA adduct: γs = - 0.869, P < 0.01). It can be inferred that pachymaran can inhibit oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by formaldehyde with the dose-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- College of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, 492 Jinxi South Road, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, 492 Jinxi South Road, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Hu
- College of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, 492 Jinxi South Road, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zaiqi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Bacurio JHT, Gao S, Yang H, Basu AK, Greenberg MM. Synergistic effects on mutagenicity of tandem lesions containing 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'- deoxyguanosine or Fapy•dG flanked by a 3' 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 129:103527. [PMID: 37467631 PMCID: PMC10528826 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Modified nucleotides often hinder and/or decrease the fidelity of DNA polymerases. Tandem lesions, which are comprised of DNA modifications at two contiguous nucleotide positions, can be even more detrimental to genome stability. Recently, tandem lesions containing 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5fdU) flanked at the 5'-position by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodGuo) or N-(2-deoxy-α,β-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-N-(2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy•dG) were discovered. We examined the replication of 5'- 8-OxodGuo-5fdU and 5'-Fapy•dG-5fdU tandem lesions in HEK 293T cells and several polymerase deficient variants by transfecting single-stranded vectors containing them. The local sequence of the tandem lesions encompasses the 273 codon of the p53 gene, a mutational hot-spot. The bypass efficiency and mutation spectra of the tandem lesions were compared to those of the isolated lesions. Replication of weakly mutagenic 5-fdU is little changed when part of the 5'- 8-OxodGuo-5fdU tandem lesion. G → T transversions attributable to 8-OxodGuo increase > 10-fold when the tandem lesion is bypassed. 5'-Fapy•dG-5fdU has a synergistic effect on the error-prone bypass of both lesions. The mutation frequency (MF) of 5'-Fapy•dG-5fdU increases 3-fold compared to isolated Fapy•dG. In addition, a 5'-adjacent Fapy•dG significantly increases the MF of 5fdU. The major mutation, G → T transversions, decrease by almost a third in hPol κ- cells, which is the opposite effect when isolated Fapy•dG in the same sequence context is replicated in HEK 293T cells in the same sequence. Steady-state kinetics indicate that hPol κ contributes to greater G → T transversions by decreasing the specificity constant for dCTP compared to an isolated Fapy•dG. The greater conformational freedom of Fapy•dG compared to 8-OxodGuo and its unusual ability to epimerize at the anomeric center is believed to be the source of the complex effects of 5'-Fapy•dG-5fdU on replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shijun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Haozhe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ashis K Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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11
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Hayden H, Klopf J, Ibrahim N, Knöbl V, Sotir A, Mekis R, Nowikovsky K, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C, Brostjan C. Quantitation of oxidized nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in plasma samples of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:94-105. [PMID: 37353175 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that pro-inflammatory features are inherent to mitochondrial DNA and oxidized DNA species. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) is the most frequently studied oxidatively generated lesion. Modified DNA reaches the circulation upon cell apoptosis, necrosis or neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Standard chromatography-based techniques for the assessment of 8-oxodGuo imply degradation of DNA to a single base level, thus precluding the attribution to a nuclear or mitochondrial origin. We therefore aimed to establish a protocol for the concomitant assessment of oxidized mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from human plasma samples. We applied immunoprecipitation (IP) for 8-oxodGuo to separate oxidized from non-oxidized DNA species and subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assign them to their subcellular source. The IP procedure failed when applied directly to plasma samples, i.e. isotype control precipitated similar amounts of DNA as the specific 8-oxodGuo antibody. In contrast, DNA isolation from plasma prior to the IP process provided assay specificity with little impact on DNA oxidation status. We further optimized sensitivity and efficiency of qPCR analysis by reducing amplicon length and targeting repetitive nuclear DNA elements. When the established protocol was applied to plasma samples of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients and control subjects, the AAA cohort displayed significantly elevated circulating non-oxidized and total nuclear DNA and a trend for increased levels of oxidized mitochondrial DNA. An enrichment of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA within the oxidized DNA fraction was seen for AAA patients. Regarding the potential source of circulating DNA, we observed a significant correlation of markers of neutrophil activation and NET formation with nuclear DNA, independent of oxidation status. Thus, the established method provides a tool to detect and distinguish the release of oxidized nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in human plasma and offers a refined biomarker to monitor disease conditions of pro-inflammatory cell and tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hayden
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Klopf
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nahla Ibrahim
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Knöbl
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Sotir
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolf Eilenberg
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Watson WP, Munter T, Golding BT. The effect of vitamin B 12 on DNA adduction by styrene oxide, a genotoxic xenobiotic. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110591. [PMID: 37302460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cyano- or hydroxo-cobalamin) acts, via its coenzymes, methyl- and adenosyl-cobalamin, as a partner for enzymatic reactions in humans catalysed by methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. As well as its association with pernicious anaemia, human B12 deficiency may also be a risk factor for neurological illnesses, heart disease and cancer. In the present work the effect of vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin) on the formation of DNA adducts by the epoxide phenyloxirane (styrene oxide), a genotoxic metabolite of phenylethene (styrene), has been studied using an in vitro model system. Styrene was converted to its major metabolite styrene oxide as a mixture of enantiomers using a microsomal fraction from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats with concomitant inhibition of epoxide hydrolase. However, microsomal oxidation of styrene in the presence of vitamin B12 gave diastereoisomeric 2-hydroxy-2-phenylcobalamins. The quantitative formation of styrene oxide-DNA adducts was investigated using 2-deoxyguanosine or calf thymus DNA in the presence or absence of vitamin B12. Microsomal incubations containing either deoxyguanosine or DNA in the absence of vitamin B12 gave 2-amino-7-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one [N7-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)-guanine], and 2-amino-7-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one [N7-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)guanine] as the principal adducts. With deoxyguanosine the level of formation of guanine adducts was ca. 150 adducts/106 unmodified nucleoside. With DNA the adduct level was 36 pmol/mg DNA (ca. 1 adduct/0.83 × 105 nucleotides). Styrene oxide adducts from deoxyguanosine or DNA were not detected in microsomal incubations of styrene in the presence of vitamin B12. These results suggest that vitamin B12 could protect DNA against genotoxicity due to styrene oxide and other xenobiotic metabolites. However, this potential defence mechanism requires that the 2-hydroxyalkylcobalamins derived from epoxides are not 'anti-vitamins' and ideally liberate, and therefore, recycle vitamin B12. Otherwise, depletion of vitamin B12 leading to human deficiency could increase the risk of carcinogenesis initiated by genotoxic epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Watson
- Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - Tony Munter
- Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences - Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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13
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Xu L, Li HM, Lin J. Efficient synthesis of 2'- deoxyguanosine in one-pot cascade by employing an engineered purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Brevibacterium acetylicum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:286. [PMID: 37606812 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
2'-deoxyguanosine is a key medicinal intermediate that could be used to synthesize anti-cancer drug and biomarker in type 2 diabetes. In this study, an enzymatic cascade using thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli (EcTP) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Brevibacterium acetylicum (BaPNP) in a one-pot whole cell catalysis was proposed for the efficient synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine. BaPNP was semi-rationally designed to improve its activity, yielding the best triple variant BaPNP-Mu3 (E57A/T189S/L243I), with a 5.6-fold higher production of 2'-deoxyguanosine than that of wild-type BaPNP (BaPNP-Mu0). Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the engineering of BaPNP-Mu3 resulted in a larger and more flexible substrate entrance channel, which might contribute to its catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, by coordinating the expression of BaPNP-Mu3 and EcTP, a robust whole cell catalyst W05 was created, capable of producing 14.8 mM 2'-deoxyguanosine (74.0% conversion rate) with a high time-space yield (1.32 g/L/h) and therefore being very competitive for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Hui-Min Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
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14
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Akagi JI, Yokoi M, Miyake Y, Shirai T, Baba T, Cho YM, Hanaoka F, Sugasawa K, Iwai S, Ogawa K. A formamidopyrimidine derivative from the deoxyguanosine adduct produced by food contaminant acrylamide induces DNA replication block and mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105002. [PMID: 37394003 PMCID: PMC10406624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide, a common food contaminant, is metabolically activated to glycidamide, which reacts with DNA at the N7 position of dG, forming N7-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-dG (GA7dG). Owing to its chemical lability, the mutagenic potency of GA7dG has not yet been clarified. We found that GA7dG undergoes ring-opening hydrolysis to form N6-(2-deoxy-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-[N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)formamido]pyrimidine (GA-FAPy-dG), even at neutral pH. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of GA-FAPy-dG on the efficiency and fidelity of DNA replication using an oligonucleotide carrying GA-FAPy-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)guanine (dfG), a 2'-fluorine substituted analog of GA-FAPy-dG. GA-FAPy-dfG inhibited primer extension by both human replicative DNA polymerase ε and the translesion DNA synthesis polymerases (Polη, Polι, Polκ, and Polζ) and reduced the replication efficiency by less than half in human cells, with single base substitution at the site of GA-FAPy-dfG. Unlike other formamidopyrimidine derivatives, the most abundant mutation was G:C > A:T transition, which was decreased in Polκ- or REV1-KO cells. Molecular modeling suggested that a 2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl group at the N5 position of GA-FAPy-dfG can form an additional H-bond with thymidine, thereby contributing to the mutation. Collectively, our results provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the mutagenic effects of acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Akagi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yokoi
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyake
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Baba
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Young-Man Cho
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumio Hanaoka
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sugasawa
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Iwai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Ma Y, Meng X, Sowanou A, Wang J, Li H, Li A, Zhong N, Yao Y, Pei J. Effect of Fluoride on the Expression of 8-Hydroxy-2'- Deoxyguanosine in the Blood, Kidney, Liver, and Brain of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2904-2916. [PMID: 35984601 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure of fluoride not only leads to damage on bone, but also has an adverse effect on soft tissues. Oxidative DNA damage induced by fluoride is thought to be one of the toxic mechanisms of fluoride effect. However, the dose-response of fluoride on oxidative DNA damage is barely studied in organisms. This study investigated the concentration of fluoride in rat blood, kidney, liver, and brain as well as the dose-time effect of fluoride on the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the above tissues. Rats were exposed to 0 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L of fluorine ion and treated for one and three months. The results showed that the accumulation of fluoride in soft tissues was very different. At the first month, blood fluoride was increased, liver and brain fluoride showed a U-shaped change, and kidney fluoride was not significant. At the third month, blood fluoride was altered with an inverted U-shaped change, kidney and brain fluoride increased, but liver fluoride decreased. Both the exposure concentration and the time of exposure had a significant effect on the expression of 8-OHdG in the above tissues. However, the effect patterns of fluoride on these tissues were notably different at different times. At the first month of fluoride treatment, blood, kidney, and liver 8-OHdG decreased with the increasing fluoride concentration. At the third month, blood 8-OHdG showed a U-shaped change, but kidney 8-OHdG altered with an inverted U-shaped change. Liver 8-OHdG increased, while brain 8-OHdG decreased at the third month. Correlation analysis showed that only blood 8-OHdG was significantly inversely correlated with blood fluoride and dental fluorosis grade in both the first and third months. Liver 8-OHdG was negatively and significantly correlated with liver fluoride. There was a weak but nonsignificant correlation between kidney and brain 8-OHdG and fluoride in both tissues. Additionally, blood 8-OHdG was positively correlated with kidney and liver 8-OHdG at the first month and positively correlated with brain 8-OHdG at the third month. Taken together, our data suggests that concentration and time of fluoride exposure had a significant effect on 8-OHdG, but the effect patterns of fluoride on 8-OHdG were different in the tissues, which suggests that the impact of fluoride on 8-OHdG may be a tissue-specific, as well as a non-monotonic positive correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Alphonse Sowanou
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hanying Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ailin Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingjie Yao
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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16
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Urbano T, Filippini T, Wise LA, Sucato S, Polledri E, Malavolti M, Fustinoni S, Michalke B, Vinceti M. Selenium exposure and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'- deoxyguanosine: Major effects of chemical species and sex. Sci Total Environ 2023; 870:161584. [PMID: 36702271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an element present in trace amounts and different chemical forms. It may exert both beneficial and adverse effects on cellular redox status and on the generation of reactive oxygen species. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is an oxidized derivative of deoxyguanosine, and a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The present study assessed the extent to which selenium status was associated with urinary 8-oxodG concentrations in a Northern Italian population. We recruited healthy, non-smoking blood donors living in the Reggio Emilia province during 2017-2019. We measured urinary 8-oxodG concentrations and used restricted cubic spline regression analyses to investigate the association between selenium status (estimated using food frequency questionnaires, urinary concentrations, and serum concentrations of selenium and selenium species) and 8-oxodG/g creatinine. Among 137 participants aged 30-60 years, median urinary selenium and 8-oxodG concentrations were 22.02 μg/L and 3.21 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Serum samples and selenium speciation analyses were available for 104 participants. Median total serum selenium levels and dietary intake were 116.5 μg/L and 78.7 μg/day, respectively. In spline regression analysis, there was little association between dietary, serum, or urinary selenium with 8-oxodG concentrations. In sex-specific analyses, urinary selenium showed a positive association with the endpoint among males. For single selenium species, we observed positive associations with urinary 8-oxodG for serum organic selenium species, and negative associations for inorganic selenium forms. In the most adjusted analysis, urinary 8-oxodG concentrations showed a strong positive association with selenomethione-bound selenium (Se-Met) and a negative association with inorganic tetravalent selenium, selenite. In sex-specific analyses, these associations were considerably stronger in males than in females. Overall, study findings indicate that selenium species exhibited very different patterns of associations with the biomarker of oxidative stress, and that these associations also depended on sex. Background exposure to Se-Met appears to be strongly and positively associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Urbano
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Sucato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Polledri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Gorini F, Ambrosio S, Lania L, Majello B, Amente S. The Intertwined Role of 8-oxodG and G4 in Transcription Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032031. [PMID: 36768357 PMCID: PMC9916577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The guanine base in nucleic acids is, among the other bases, the most susceptible to being converted into 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) when exposed to reactive oxygen species. In double-helix DNA, 8-oxodG can pair with adenine; hence, it may cause a G > T (C > A) mutation; it is frequently referred to as a form of DNA damage and promptly corrected by DNA repair mechanisms. Moreover, 8-oxodG has recently been redefined as an epigenetic factor that impacts transcriptional regulatory elements and other epigenetic modifications. It has been proposed that 8-oxodG exerts epigenetic control through interplay with the G-quadruplex (G4), a non-canonical DNA structure, in transcription regulatory regions. In this review, we focused on the epigenetic roles of 8-oxodG and the G4 and explored their interplay at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Ambrosio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Lania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Shi Y, Zhu H, Wang F, Chen S, Xu K, Wang L, Sun H. Daily Variability in Urinary Artificial Sweeteners and Its Association with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:14264-14271. [PMID: 36282477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urinary artificial sweeteners (ASs) have been proved to be useful biomarkers for assessing their dietary intakes; however, it is unclear how well a spot urine sample may represent a longer-term exposure. Therefore, a longitudinal study was designed and six ASs and two oxidative stress biomarkers, namely, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were determined. Acesulfame (ACE) and saccharin (SAC) were detected in most urines with concentration ranges of
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shucong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ke Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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19
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Wu J, Wang F, Xie G, Cai Z. Mass spectrometric determination of N7-HPTE-dG and N7-HPTE-Gua in mammalian cells and mice exposed to methoxychlor, an emergent persistent organic pollutant. J Hazard Mater 2022; 432:128741. [PMID: 35349845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methoxychlor (MXC) is an organopesticide classified as a "Proposed Persistent Organic Pollutant" in the Stockholm Convention, and recent studies revealed that MXC could induce DNA strand breaks, whereas its underlying mechanisms were underinvestigated. Here, we first reported that hydroxymethoxychlor (HPTE), one of MXC's active metabolites, could be oxidized in vivo to form quinone intermediate, which attacked N7 position of 2'-deoxyguanosine to form N7-HPTE-deoxyguanosine (N7-HPTE-dG), followed by depurination to produce N7-HPTE-guanine (N7-HPTE-Gua) in MXC-treated mammalian cells and tissues from mice fed with MXC, employing an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. We observed a positive correlation between the doses of MXC exposure and the levels of N7-HPTE-Gua and N7-HPTE-dG in cytoplasm and genomic DNA, respectively. Furthermore, after removal of exogenous MXC, the amount of genomic N7-HPTE-dG was significantly decreased during 24 h, while the level of cytoplasmic N7-HPTE-Gua was elevated during first 12 h, indicating the accumulation of the N7-HPTE-Gua in cells. Additionally, for animal experiment, genomic N7-HPTE-dG was observed in livers and cortexes from female C57BL/6 mice fed with MXC, suggesting a potential mechanism of its hepatoxicity and neurotoxicity. Overall, our study provides new understanding about the formation of MXC-induced DNA adducts in mammalian cells and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fuyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Guangshan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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20
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Thredgold L, Ramkissoon C, Kumarasamy C, Gun R, Rowett S, Gaskin S. Rapid Assessment of Oxidative Damage Potential: A Comparative Study of Engineered Stone Dusts Using a Deoxyguanosine Assay. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19106221. [PMID: 35627757 PMCID: PMC9140999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of engineered stone (ES) has been associated with a global increase in occupational lung disease in workers exposed to respirable dust during the fabrication of benchtops and other ES products. In this study, the reactivity and subsequent oxidative reduction potential of freshly generated ES dusts were evaluated by (i) comparing different engineered and natural stones, (ii) comparing settled and respirable stone dust fractions and (iii) assessing the effect of ageing on the reactivity of freshly generated stone dust. An established cell-free deoxyguanosine hydroxylation assay was used to assess the potential for oxidative DNA damage. ES dust exhibited a higher relative reactivity than two of the three natural stones tested. Respirable dust fractions were found to be significantly more reactive than their corresponding settled fraction (ANOVA, p < 0.05) across all stone types and samples. However, settled dust still displayed high relative reactivity. The lower reactivity of the settled dust was not due to decay in reactivity of the respirable dust when it settled but rather a result of the admixture of larger nonrespirable particles. No significant change in respirable dust reactivity was observed for three ES samples over a 21-day time period, whereas a significant decrease in reactivity was observed in the natural stone studied. This study has practical implications for dust control and housekeeping in industry, risk assessment and hazard management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Thredgold
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.T.); (C.R.); (C.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Chandnee Ramkissoon
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.T.); (C.R.); (C.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Chellan Kumarasamy
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.T.); (C.R.); (C.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Richard Gun
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.T.); (C.R.); (C.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Shelley Rowett
- SafeWork SA, Government of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5035, Australia;
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.T.); (C.R.); (C.K.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Ward AS, Hsiung CH, Kesterson DG, Kamath VG, McKee EE. Entecavir competitively inhibits deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria and the perfused rat heart. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101876. [PMID: 35358513 PMCID: PMC9097457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) is reported responsible for the phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine (dA) and deoxyguanosine (dG) in the mitochondrial purine salvage pathway. Antiviral nucleoside analogs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) must be phosphorylated by host enzymes for the analog to become active. We address the possibility that NRTI purine analogs may be competitive inhibitors of dGK. From a group of such analogs, we demonstrate that entecavir (ETV) competitively inhibited the phosphorylation of dG and dA in rat mitochondria. Mitochondria from the brain, heart, kidney, and liver showed a marked preference for phosphorylation of dG over dA (10-30-fold) and ETV over dA (2.5-4-fold). We found that ETV inhibited the phosphorylation of dG with an IC50 of 15.3 ± 2.2 μM and that ETV and dG were both potent inhibitors of dA phosphorylation with IC50s of 0.034 ± 0.007 and 0.028 ± 0.006 μM, respectively. In addition, the phosphorylation of dG and ETV followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and each competitively inhibited the phosphorylation of the other. We observed that the kinetics of dA phosphorylation were strikingly different from those of dG phosphorylation, with an exponentially lower affinity for dGK and no effect of dA on dG or ETV phosphorylation. Finally, in an isolated heart perfusion model, we demonstrated that dG, dA, and ETV were phosphorylated and dG phosphorylation was inhibited by ETV. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dGK is inhibited by ETV and that the primary role of dGK is in the phosphorylation of dG rather than dA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery S Ward
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Chia-Heng Hsiung
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA; School of Science, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Daniel G Kesterson
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA; Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vasudeva G Kamath
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York, USA
| | - Edward E McKee
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA.
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22
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Xia R, Chen LS, Xu SH, Xia C, Sun LP. Synthesis of 2'- deoxyguanosine from 2'-deoxyadenosine via C2 nitration. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2022; 41:593-604. [PMID: 35389298 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2055060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine from the more commercially available 2'-deoxyadenosine via late-stage C2 nitration in 48.7% total yield by a 5-step synthetic procedure. Crucially, 2'-deoxyadenosine was fully protected by bennzoyl groups and then nitrated at C2 by tetrabutylammonium nitrate/trifluoroacetic anhydride. The resulting 2-NO2 moiety was converted into 2-NH2 by Ni-catalyzed hydrogenolysis. Finally, 2'-deoxyguanosine was obtained from the diaminopurine intermediate by deaminase-catalyzed reaction. Furthermore, the 2-NO2 moiety also appeared to be a versatile handle to introduce a variety of functional groups, resulting in a divergent access to 2-substituted 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei-Shan Chen
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Shao-Hong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Chao Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
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23
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Rafiee A, Delgado-Saborit JM, Sly PD, Amiri H, Mosalaei S, Hoseini M. Health consequences of disinfection against SARS-CoV-2: Exploring oxidative stress damage using a biomonitoring approach. Sci Total Environ 2022; 814:152832. [PMID: 34986424 PMCID: PMC8720300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who get involved in the disinfection of public settings using sodium hypochlorite might suffer adverse health effects. However, scarce information is available on the potential oxidative stress damage caused at low concentrations typically used for disinfection. We aimed to assess whether exposure to sodium hypochlorite during the COVID-19 pandemic causes oxidative stress damage in workers engaged in disinfection tasks. 75 operators engaged in the disinfection of public places were recruited as the case group, and 60 individuals who were not exposed to disinfectant were chosen as the control group. Spot urine samples were collected before (BE) and after exposure (AE) to disinfectants in the case group. Likewise, controls provided two spot urine samples in the same way as the case group. Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified by forming thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the urine. In addition, the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine was determined using an ELISA kit. Results showed significant differences in the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers, where median 8-OHdG (AE case: 3.84 ± 2.89 μg/g creatinine vs AE control 2.54 ± 1.21 μg/g creatinine) and MDA (AE case: 169 ± 89 μg/g creatinine vs AE control 121 ± 47 μg/g creatinine) levels in case group AE samples were 1.55 and 1.35-times higher than the control group AE samples (P < 0.05), respectively. Besides, urinary levels of oxidative stress markers in AE samples of the case group were significantly higher than in BE samples (8-OHdG BE 3.40 ± 1.95 μg/g creatinine, MDA BE 136 ± 51.3 μg/g creatinine, P < 0.05). Our results indicated that exposure to even low levels of sodium hypochlorite used in disinfection practices might cause oxidative stress related damage. With this in mind, implementing robust protective measures, such as specific respirators, is crucial to reduce the health burdens of exposure to disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Universitat Jaume I, Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Castellon, Spain; ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Shamim Mosalaei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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24
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Selvaratnam JS, In TSH, Anderson MK. Fetal Thymic Organ Culture (FTOC) Optimized for Gamma-Delta T Cell Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2421:243-265. [PMID: 34870824 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1944-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) provides a method for analyzing T cell development in a physiological context outside the animal. This technique enables studies of genetically altered mice that are embryonic or neonatal lethal, in addition to bypassing the complication of migration of successive waves of T cells out of the thymus. The hanging drop method involves depletion of thymocytes from host lobes using deoxyguanosine, followed by reconstitution with hematopoietic progenitors. This method has become standard for analysis of fetal liver precursors, bone marrow precursors, and early thymocytes. However, difficulties are encountered in the analysis of γδ T cell precursors using this method. We have developed a modification of FTOC in which partial depletion of hematopoietic precursors by shortened deoxyguanosine treatment, coupled with the use of TCRδ-deficient host lobes, enables engraftment and development of fetal γδTCR+ thymocytes. This method allows comparisons of development and functional differentiation of γδ T cell precursors between cells of different genotypes or treatments, in the context of a permissive thymic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Selvaratnam
- Biological Sciences, Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy S H In
- Biological Sciences, Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michele K Anderson
- Biological Sciences, Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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25
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Baek K, Kim M, Kwak K. Exposure to diesel engine exhausts and increase of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine among Male tank maintenance workers in the Republic of Korea Army. Ind Health 2021; 59:403-414. [PMID: 34588383 PMCID: PMC8655751 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) and oxidative stress among tank maintenance workers in the Republic of Korea Army. Airborne concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals were measured at two units. Urine analysis for 1-hydroxypyrene and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was performed for tank maintenance workers from one unit (n=17). To compare the level of 8-OHdG, the analysis was performed in 17 unexposed controls. The airborne EC concentration was 8.6-24.3 μg/m3 in indoor unit. EC was not detected in the outdoor unit. As for the PAHs, trace -0.0004 mg/m3 of naphthalene was detected. ITWA for 26 metals was calculated to be 0.009-0.027. The geometric mean urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was 0.08 μg/g creatinine. The geometric mean of 8-OHdG was 1.04 μg/g for the maintenance workers, while 0.45 μg/g for controls. The level of urinary 8-OHdG was significantly higher among maintenance workers in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, tank maintenance workers are exposed to various by-products from diesel engine combustion during work, and their level of oxidative stress marker was increased. Countermeasures for reducing hazardous substances in the military workplace are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiook Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Republic of Korea
- Department of Work Environment Monitoring, Armed Forces Medical Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Kim
- Department of Work Environment Monitoring, Armed Forces Medical Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kwak
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Republic of Korea
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26
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Mizuno Y, Konishi S, Imai H, Fujimori E, Kojima N, Kajiwara C, Yoshinaga J. Telomere length and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine and essential trace element concentrations in female Japanese university students. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1328-1334. [PMID: 34672915 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1991741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length is thought to be a biomarker of biological aging. This study examined whether telomere length was associated with urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and antioxidative trace elements in 73 female Japanese university students (age: 19.2 ± 0.7 years). We quantified 8-OHdG and selenium in urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. Telomere length and urinary concentrations of other essential trace elements (molybdenum, cobalt, and chromium) that were previously measured in the same study participants, were used in this study. We used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the associations of telomere length with urinary 8-OHdG and essential trace element concentrations (covariates: urinary cotinine concentration, age, BMI, and drinking status). The geometric means (geometric standard deviation) of 8-OHdG and selenium were 3.4 (1.5) and 31 (1.3) µg/g creatinine, respectively. Telomere length was not associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentration, but was negatively associated with urinary selenium concentration. In conclusion, telomere length was not associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentration in the young women in this study. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to clarify the association between telomere shortening rate and oxidative stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Imai
- Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Fujimori
- National Environmental Research and Training Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
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27
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Sun Y, Wan Y, Jiang Y, Wang H. Urinary concentrations of acetaminophen in young children in central and south China: Repeated measurements and associations with 8-hydroxy-guanosine and 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147614. [PMID: 33992949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (AAP) is the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic in the world; it is also a metabolite of industrial chemical aniline. It may predispose individuals to oxidative stress. However, the exposure profile of AAP in the general population in China and the associations between AAP and oxidative stress biomarkers have scarcely been investigated. In this study, we determined the urinary concentrations of AAP and evaluated its associations with 8-hydroxy-guanosine (8-OHG) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the most widely used biomarkers of nucleoside oxidation affecting RNA and DNA, in 393 urine samples collected from 131 healthy children (0-6.6 y) on three consecutive days from Wuhan, central China, and Shenzhen, south China. AAP was found in all urine samples, suggesting that exposure to AAP was ubiquitous in young children in central and south China. The median concentration of specific gravity (SG)-adjusted AAP was 9.21 ng/mL (range: 1.11-1 453 ng/mL). Good inter-day reproducibility was observed for SG-adjusted AAP concentrations (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.75). The SG-adjusted urinary 8-OHdG and 8-OHG concentrations were positively correlated with AAP (β = 0.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.02-0.13, and β = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.15, respectively). The data indicated that AAP exposure might be associated with oxidative DNA and RNA damage in the general population with unintentional exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AAP exposure in young healthy children in central and south China. This is also the first study to evaluate the inter-day variations in urinary AAP concentrations and to explore the associations between AAP exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Sun
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Nanshan District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, PR China
| | - Huaiji Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
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28
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Henriksen T, Weimann A, Larsen EL, Poulsen HE. Quantification of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'- deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine concentrations in urine and plasma for estimating 24-h urinary output. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:350-357. [PMID: 34166769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among markers for oxidative stress urinary excretion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine (8-oxoGuo) have been widely used in controlled and epidemiological studies, and are considered to represent intracellular markers of oxidation of DNA and RNA in the entire organism, respectively. Although being non-invasive, urinary methods have shortcomings. There is no established method for analysis of 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGuo in plasma and the few plasma values presented in the literature vary greatly. We here present a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method with full validation for analysis of 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGuo in plasma. Further, we investigated the basis for our previously physiological model and show that a single plasma sample can be used to estimate the 24-h production of 8-oxoGuo, whereas we challenge the use of urinary 8-oxodGuo/creatinine ratio or plasma 8-oxodGuo as measures of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil List Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Endochrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nachtergael A, Lanterbecq D, Spanoghe M, Belayew A, Duez P. Effects of Chemopreventive Natural Compounds on the Accuracy of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'- deoxyguanosine Translesion Synthesis. Planta Med 2021; 87:868-878. [PMID: 34237787 DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Translesion synthesis is a DNA damage tolerance mechanism that relies on a series of specialized DNA polymerases able to bypass a lesion on a DNA template strand during replication or post-repair synthesis. Specialized translesion synthesis DNA polymerases pursue replication by inserting a base opposite to this lesion, correctly or incorrectly depending on the lesion nature, involved DNA polymerase(s), sequence context, and still unknown factors. To measure the correct or mutagenic outcome of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine bypass by translesion synthesis, a primer-extension assay was performed in vitro on a template DNA bearing this lesion in the presence of nuclear proteins extracted from human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int cell line); the reaction products were analyzed by both denaturing capillary electrophoresis (to measure the yield of translesion elongation) and pyrosequencing (to determine the identity of the nucleotide inserted in front of the lesion). The influence of 14 natural polyphenols on the correct or mutagenic outcome of translesion synthesis through 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine was then evaluated in 2 experimental conditions by adding the polyphenol either (i) to the reaction mix during the primer extension assay; or (ii) to the culture medium, 24 h before cell harvest and nuclear proteins extraction. Most of the tested polyphenols significantly influenced the outcome of translesion synthesis, either through an error-free (apigenin, baicalein, sakuranetin, and myricetin) or a mutagenic pathway (epicatechin, chalcone, genistein, magnolol, and honokiol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Nachtergael
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Déborah Lanterbecq
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut CONDORCET, Ath, Belgium
| | - Martin Spanoghe
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut CONDORCET, Ath, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
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Pla L, Sancenón F, Martínez-Bisbal MC, Bañuls C, Estañ N, Botello-Marabotto M, Aznar E, Sáez G, Santiago-Felipe S, Martínez-Máñez R. A new 8-oxo-7,8-2' deoxyguanosine nanoporous anodic alumina aptasensor for colorectal cancer diagnosis in blood and urine. Nanoscale 2021; 13:8648-8657. [PMID: 33942038 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07948k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many important human diseases, and especially cancer, have been related to the overproduction of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). This molecule is a product of oxidative stress processes over nucleophilic bases in DNA. In this work, an aptasensor for the rapid, selective and accurate detection of this oncomarker is presented. The aptasensor consists of a nanoporous anodic alumina material loaded with a dye and is functionalized with an aptamer-based "molecular gate". In the presence of target 8-oxo-dG, the capping aptamer displaces from the surface due to the high affinity of the analyte with the capping aptamer, thus inducing delivery of the preloaded fluorescent dye. In contrast, in the absence of 8-oxo-dG, a poor payload delivery is accomplished. This aptamer-based nanodevice has great sensitivity for 8-oxo-dG, resulting in a LOD of 1 nM and a detection time of ca. 60 min. Moreover, the aptasensor is able to accurately detect 8-oxo-dG in unmodified urine and serum without pre-concentration treatments. This diagnostic tool is validated in a set of 38 urine and serum samples from patients diagnosed of colorectal cancer and control patients. These samples are also analyzed using a standardized and specific ELISA kit. The aptasensor displays excellent sensitivity (95.83/100%) and specificity (80/100%) for 8-oxo-dG detection in serum and urine samples, respectively. Our results may serve as a basis for the development of generalized fluorogenic diagnostic platforms for the easy diagnosis of cancer in biofluids as well as for monitoring therapeutic treatments and detection of relapses without the use of expensive equipment or trained personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pla
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain and Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Martínez-Bisbal
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain and Departamento de Química Física. Universitat de València, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Dr Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Estañ
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología-INCLIVA, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Botello-Marabotto
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aznar
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain and Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología-INCLIVA, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Santiago-Felipe
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain and Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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He L, Lin Y, Day D, Teng Y, Wang X, Liu XL, Yan E, Gong J, Qin J, Wang X, Xiang J, Mo J, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ. Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Arachidonic Acid Metabolisms Relevant to Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Findings from a Panel Study in Healthy Adults. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:3867-3875. [PMID: 33621071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns on nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the environment have mainly arisen from their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The objective of this study is to investigate whether nitro-PAH exposures are associated with biomarkers of cardiovascular pathophysiology. In a panel study design, urines and blood samples were collected up to four times with a 2-week interval from 89 healthy adults. We measured 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 9-aminophenanthrene, 2-aminofluorene, and 1-aminopyrene as biomarkers of nitro-PAH exposures. We measured three urinary metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) including 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway, 8-isoprostane from the nonenzymatic pathway, and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dhTXB2) from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Urinary malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) were measured to reflect systemic oxidative stress. Plasma concentrations of the soluble P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured as biomarkers of platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. We found that increased urinary concentrations of amino-PAHs were significantly associated with increased 20-HETE, 11-dhTXB2, and 8-OHdG and with decreased 8-isoprostane and aMT6s. Increased amino-PAHs were positively associated with P-selectin and vWF, respectively. These results suggest that exposure to nitro-PAHs increases systemic oxidative stress and alters AA metabolism toward CYP and COX pathways, leading to an increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yan Lin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Drew Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98121, United States
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province 215316, China
| | - Xiangtian Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xing Lucy Liu
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Erik Yan
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province 215316, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530021, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province 215316, China
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Song W, Wan Y, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. Urinary concentrations of 2,4-D in repeated samples from 0-7 year old healthy children in central and south China. Chemosphere 2021; 267:129225. [PMID: 33341734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its analogues are widely used in agriculture. Although the occurrence of 2,4-D in urine has been widely reported in North America, it has scarcely been investigated in China, especially in young children. In addition, both invivo and in vitro studies have shown that high-level 2,4-D exposure is associated with oxidative stress, but their association in a general sensitive population has rarely been evaluated. In this study, 2,4-D and its analogues were measured in 417 urine samples collected from 139 children aged 0-7 during the non-peak season of pesticide application in Wuhan, central China, and Shenzhen, south China. Each of them provided three samples in three consecutive days. An oxidative stress biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), was also measured. The geometric mean (GM) of unconjugated urinary 2,4-D concentration was 0.10 μg/L (corrected by urinary specific gravity, SG-corrected). After β-glucuronidase hydrolysis, the GM of SG-corrected urinary 2,4-D was 0.15 μg/L, and the detection frequency was 100%. Moderate inter-day reproducibility was found within individuals, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.68 for SG-corrected urinary deconjugated 2,4-D. The GM of estimated daily intake of 2,4-D was 6.05 ng/kg-bw/day. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary 2,4-D and 8-OHdG, whereas no association was found after SG-correction. This is the first study to characterize the occurrence of urinary 2,4-D, its inter-day reliability, and its association with urinary 8-OHdG in young children from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518054, PR China.
| | - Zhengdan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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Hu W, Wang Y, Wang T, Ji Q, Jia Q, Meng T, Ma S, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen R, Dai Y, Luan Y, Sun Z, Leng S, Duan H, Zheng Y. Ambient particulate matter compositions and increased oxidative stress: Exposure-response analysis among high-level exposed population. Environ Int 2021; 147:106341. [PMID: 33383389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been suggested to be one of the key drivers of health impact of particulate matter (PM). More studies on the oxidative potential of PM alone, but fewer studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of external and internal exposure to PM compositions on oxidative stress in population. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the exposure-response relationship between PM and its main compositions with oxidative stress indicators. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 768 participants exposed to particulates. Environmental levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals in PM were measured, and urinary levels of PAHs metabolites and metals were measured as internal dose, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations of PM exposure and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2́'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS The concentration of both PM2.5 and total PAHs was significantly correlated with increased urinary 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA levels (all p < 0.05). The levels of 4 essential metals all showed significant exposure-response increase in urinary 8-OHdG in both current and non-current smokers (all p < 0.05); ambient selenium, cobalt and zinc were found to be significantly correlated with urinary 8-iso-PGF2α (p = 0.002, 0.003, 0.01, respectively); only selenium and cobalt were significantly correlated with urinary MDA (p < 0.001, 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, we found each one-unit increase in urinary total OH-PAHs generated a 0.32 increase in urinary 8-OHdG, a 0.22 increase in urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and a 0.19 increase in urinary MDA (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was found that the level of 12 urinary metals all showed significant and positive correlations with three oxidative stress biomarkers in all subjects (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic molecular epidemiological study showed that particulate matter components could induce increased oxidative stress on DNA and lipid. It may be more important to monitor and control the harmful compositions in PM rather than overall particulate mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Sai Ma
- International Travel health Care Center, Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihu Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Chen PY, Chen CW, Su YJ, Chang WH, Kao WF, Yang CC, Wang IJ. Associations between Levels of Urinary Oxidative Stress of 8-OHdG and Risk of Atopic Diseases in Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218207. [PMID: 33172083 PMCID: PMC7664398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress biomarker of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was reported to be changed in patients with allergic diseases. Measurement of urinary oxidative products is noninvasive. However, correlations between the severity levels of atopic diseases and oxidative stress remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association among urinary 8-OHdG, atopic dermatitis (AD), and the phenotypes of atopic diseases in children. In a nested case-control study, participants of kindergarten children were enrolled from the Childhood Environment and Allergic Diseases Study (CEAS). Urinary analyses and urinary 8-OHdG were performed on samples from 200 children with AD as cases and 200 age- and sex-matched controls. Our study presents the following main findings: (1) The urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in cases than controls. Higher urinary 8-OHdG levels were associated with the risk of AD in a dose-response-manner; (2) Children's AD history was associated with higher risks of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and night pruritus; (3) For children with AD, urinary 8-OHdG levels of >75th percentile were associated with higher risk of asthma, compared with the reference group of 0-25th percentiles. In summary, this study provides better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AD and urinary 8-OHdG by analyzing a large-scale sample survey in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (W.-H.C.)
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jang Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (W.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (W.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Fong Kao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 242, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2276-5566 (ext. 2532); Fax: +886-2-2998-8028
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Jørs A, Lund MAV, Jespersen T, Hansen T, Poulsen HE, Holm JC. Urinary markers of nucleic acid oxidation increase with age, obesity and insulin resistance in Danish children and adolescents. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:81-86. [PMID: 32464183 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress may play an important role in childhood obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) from oxidation of RNA and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) from oxidation of DNA are excreted into urine and function as biomarkers for oxidative stress reflecting the modification rate of nucleic acids by oxidation. This study investigates the associations between urinary markers of nucleic acid oxidation and Body Mass Index (BMI), age, sex and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with and without obesity. METHODS We studied 543 children and adolescents from an obesity clinic cohort (n = 418) and a population-based cohort (n = 125), all aged 6-18 years. Anthropometrics, urine and blood samples were collected. A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to measure the nucleic acid oxidation markers. RESULTS Compared with the population-based cohort, children and adolescents in the obesity clinic cohort had higher calculated 24-h excretion of 8-oxoGuo (p = 0.045) and 8-oxodG (p = 0.014) adjusted for basal metabolic rate. Both oxidation markers were positively associated with age and female sex (all p < 0.002). In the obesity clinic cohort the RNA oxidation marker 8-oxoGuo correlated with serum insulin (rho = 0.18, p = <.001) and insulin resistance (rho = 0.19, p = <.001). CONCLUSIONS Childhood obesity associate with higher urinary excretion of nucleic acid oxidation biomarkers, and increase with age throughout childhood, mirroring the obesity- and age-related increase shown in adults. Finally, children with obesity and insulin resistance had higher RNA oxidation markers than children with obesity and no insulin resistance, supporting a possible link between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic risk including type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jørs
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, European Centre of Management (EASO), Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A V Lund
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, European Centre of Management (EASO), Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, European Centre of Management (EASO), Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Temiz Ö. Biopesticide emamectin benzoate in the liver of male mice: evaluation of oxidative toxicity with stress protein, DNA oxidation, and apoptosis biomarkers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:23199-23205. [PMID: 32333357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB), which is used as a pesticide in agriculture, household, and veterinary medicine, can cause tissue damage with oxidative toxicity and can be considered as inducing apoptosis. In the present study, male mice were conducted by oral administration in EMB doses 25, 50, and 100 (mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels using spectrophotometric methods were measured. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) which is DNA oxidation biomarker and, stress protein (HSP70) levels, caspase 3 enzyme activities were measured by ELISA techniques. This study shows that in vivo administration of EMB caused a marked induction of oxidative damage in liver tissue as demonstrated by an increased level of TBARS and reduced GSH level. The increase in HSP70 level did not prevent the apoptosis caused by the increase of caspase 3 enzyme activity. Toxicity caused by EMB also showed the formation of genotoxicity with an increase in DNA oxidation biomarker 8-OHdG levels. As a result of the study, the effects of toxicity caused by EMB on lipid; protein; and DNA, structural macromolecules in cells, and the importance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic bonds of the cell's protective systems were determined. Consequently, under experimental conditions, EMB exposure caused toxicity in the liver of male mice, and significant adverse effects were determined with biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Temiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
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Yao Y, Wang D, Ma H, Li C, Chang X, Low P, Hammond SK, Turyk ME, Wang J, Liu S. The impact on T-regulatory cell related immune responses in rural women exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in household air pollution in Gansu, China: A pilot investigation. Environ Res 2019; 173:306-317. [PMID: 30951957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found associations between impairments of immune functions and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air pollution in the U. S. and China. However, the results remain inconclusive due to the limitations of these studies. In this study, we aimed to examine the direction and magnitude of immune changes related to PAH exposure from household air pollution among rural women living in Gansu, China. Healthy village women (n = 34) were recruited and enrolled in the study. Questionnaires were administered. Blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed during non-heating (September 2017, "summer") and heating (January 2018, "winter") seasons. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was quantified as the biomarker of PAH exposure. To evaluate Treg cell related immune functions, we examined immunoglobulin E (IgE), percent of T-regulatory (Treg) cells, and gene expression of following: forkhead box transcription factor 3 (Foxp3), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interleukin 35 (IL-35), composed of interleukin-12 alpha (IL-12α) and Epstein-Barr-virus-induced gene 3 (EBi3). Urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured to evaluate oxidative DNA damage. The results showed that the concentration of 1-OHP increased from 0.90 to 17.4 μmol mol-Cr -1 from summer to winter (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, average percent of Treg cells decreased from 5.01% to 1.15% (p < 0.001); IgE and mRNA expressions of Foxp3, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-12α and EBi3 all significantly decreased (p < 0.001); Urinary 8-OHdG increased from 12.7 to 30.3 ng mg-Cr -1 (p < 0.001). The changes in 8-OHdG, Foxp3 and TGF-β were significantly associated with the increase of 1-OHP. The results suggested that we observed a substantial increase of PAH exposure in winter, which was significantly associated with the repression on Treg cell function and oxidative DNA damage. Exposure to PAHs in household air pollution possibly induced immune impairments among rural women in northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoru Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Patrick Low
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Katharine Hammond
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Turyk
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Sa Liu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Ammanath G, Yildiz UH, Palaniappan A, Liedberg B. Luminescent Device for the Detection of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Artificial Urine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:7730-7736. [PMID: 29430928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A luminescent paper-based device for the visual detection of oxidative stress biomarkers is reported. The device consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane impregnated with poly(3-alkoxy-4-methylthiophene) (PT) for colorimetric detection. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker associated with oxidative stress, is used as a model system for validating the proposed methodology. The detection strategy is based on monitoring the changes in optical properties of PT associated with its conformational changes upon interaction with an aptamer in the presence and in the absence of 8-OHdG. Fluorometric and colorimetric monitoring revealed linear responses for 8-OHdG concentrations between 50 pM and 500 nM (∼14 pg/mL to 140 ng/mL), with limits of detection of ∼300 pM and ∼350 pM, respectively for ( n = 3). Colorimetric responses in artificial urine ascertained rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of 8-OHdG at clinically relevant (pM to nM) concentration levels. Furthermore, the proposed methodology enables point-of-care diagnostics for oxidative stress without requiring sophisticated instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Ammanath
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry , Izmir Institute of Technology , Urla, 35430 Izmir , Turkey
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637553
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
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Kaur J, Politis C, Jacobs R. Response on: Comments on "Salivary 8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, vitamin C, and vitamin E in oral pre-cancer and cancer: diagnostic value and free radical mechanism of action". Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:397. [PMID: 26680640 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Kaur
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Khoubnasabjafari M, Ansarin K, Vaez-Gharamaleki J, Jouyban A. Comments on "Salivary 8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, vitamin C, and vitamin E in oral pre-cancer and cancer: diagnostic value and free radical mechanism of action". Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:395-6. [PMID: 26662573 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Vaez-Gharamaleki
- Hematology-Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fortin E, Vieil E, Mailley P, Szunerits S, Livache T. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Adsorption of 2‘- deoxyguanosine Oxidation Products at Oxidized Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes. Anal Chem 2007; 79:3741-6. [PMID: 17411007 DOI: 10.1021/ac061765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine has been performed on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, resulting in a strong adsorption of the formed oxidized products onto the BDD surface. The adsorption behavior has been investigated by studying the electrochemical behavior of a redox probe ([IrCl6]3-) using cyclic voltammetry. The most probable situations are the formation of (A) an insulating adsorbed film resulting in a partially blocked electrode behavior, (B) a porous film, or (C) an overall conductive film. Different parameters such as the standard rate constant, the charge-transfer coefficient, the electrode/adsorbed products/solution interface resistance, and the formal potential of the redox couple were determined. Through comparison of theoretical current-potential curves obtained by analytical calculations with experimental cyclic voltammograms, we found that the oxidized products of 2'-deoxyguanosine form a continuous conductive film on BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Fortin
- Groupe Chimie de la Reconnaissance et Etude des Assemblages Biologiques - SprAM (UMR 5819 CEA/CNRS/UJF), DRFMC/SPrAM/CREAB, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Malins DC, Anderson KM, Jaruga P, Ramsey CR, Gilman NK, Green VM, Rostad SW, Emerman JT, Dizdaroglu M. Oxidative Changes in the DNA of Stroma and Epithelium from the Female Breast: Potential Implications for Breast Cancer. Cell Cycle 2006; 5:1629-32. [PMID: 16880742 DOI: 10.4161/cc.5.15.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between the stroma and epithelium are considered to be intimately associated with the development of breast cancer. In studies of whole breast tissues, a keen interest exists in the occurrence of the mutagenic DNA lesions 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyadenosine. However, there is an apparent lack of information on the presence of these lesions in the DNA of the stroma, epithelium, and myoepithelium, despite the fact that these oxidation products may significantly influence reciprocal interactions between these cell types implicated in carcinogenesis. We report age-related increases in concentrations of both lesions in the stromal DNA, which occur roughly commensurate with the known rise in breast cancer incidence between 30 and 40 years of age. However, no further increases in these concentrations occurred in the older women. Plots of lesion concentrations revealed an uneven distribution, with some younger women having relatively high concentrations and some older women having relatively low concentrations. This finding implies that while increased age is a probable factor in lesion accumulations, other factors may also be influential [e.g., cellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Distinct differences were found between the base and backbone structures of the stromal DNA from younger women (ages 17 - 30), compared to older women (ages 50 - 62). In addition, comparisons of matched stromal, epithelial, and myoepithelial DNA (from the same individual) showed no differences in DNA damage, suggesting a random attack by the hydroxyl radical on all three groups. Collectively, the findings imply that the structural changes in DNA described may potentially disrupt normal reciprocal interactions between the cell types, thus increasing breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Malins
- Biochemical Oncology Program, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA.
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Laxmi YRS, Suzuki N, Kim SY, Shibutani S. Synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing a single diastereoisomer of alpha-(N2-2'-deoxyguanosinyl)-N-desmethyltamoxifen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:4051-4. [PMID: 15225724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A phosphoramidite chemical synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing a diastereoisomer of (E)-alpha-(N(2)-deoxyguanosinyl)-N-desmethyltamoxifen, a major tamoxifen (TAM)-derived DNA adduct in animal and women treated with TAM, was described. The site-specifically modified oligodeoxynucleotide can be used for mutagenesis, DNA repair, and 3D structural studies and also as standard for quantitative analysis of TAM-DNA adducts in animal and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Santosh Laxmi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651, USA
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Abstract
Although the biochemical pathways that repair DNA-protein cross-links have not been clearly elucidated, it has been proposed that the partial proteolysis of cross-linked proteins into smaller oligopeptides constitutes an initial step in removal of these lesions by nucleotide excision repair (NER). To test the validity of this repair model, several site-specific DNA-peptide and DNA-protein cross-links were engineered via linkage at (1) an acrolein-derived gamma-hydroxypropanodeoxyguanosine adduct and (2) an apurinic/apyrimidinic site, and the initiation of repair was examined in vitro using recombinant proteins UvrA and UvrB from Bacillus caldotenax and UvrC from Thermotoga maritima. The polypeptides cross-linked to DNA were Lys-Trp-Lys-Lys, Lys-Phe-His-Glu-Lys-His-His-Ser-His-Arg-Gly-Tyr, and the 16 kDa protein, T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase/apurinic/apyrimidinic site lyase. For the substrates examined, DNA incision required the coordinated action of all three proteins and occurred at the eighth phosphodiester bond 5' to the lesion. The incision rates for DNA-peptide cross-links were comparable to or greater than that measured on fluorescein-adducted DNA, an excellent substrate for UvrABC. Incision rates were dependent on both the site of covalent attachment on the DNA and the size of the bound peptide. Importantly, incision of a DNA-protein cross-link occurred at a rate approximately 3.5-8-fold slower than the rates observed for DNA-peptide cross-links. Thus, direct evidence has been obtained indicating that (1) DNA-peptide cross-links can be efficiently incised by the NER proteins and (2) DNA-peptide cross-links are preferable substrates for this system relative to DNA-protein cross-links. These data suggest that proteolytic degradation of DNA-protein cross-links may be an important processing step in facilitating NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Minko
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Abstract
The G-rich 11-mer oligonucleotide d(G(4)T(4)G(3)) forms a bimolecular G-quadruplex in the presence of sodium ions with a topology that is distinct from the folds of the closely related and well-characterized sequences d(G(4)T(4)G(4)) and d(G(3)T(4)G(3)). The solution structure of d(G(4)T(4)G(3))(2) has been determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. d(G(4)T(4)G(3))(2) forms an asymmetric dimeric fold-back structure consisting of three stacked G-quartets. The two T(4) loops that span diagonally across the outer faces of the G-quartets assume different conformations. The glycosidic torsion angle conformations of the guanine bases are 5'-syn-anti-syn-anti-(T(4) loop)-anti-syn-anti in one strand and 5'-syn-anti-syn-anti-(T(4) loop)-syn-anti-syn in the other strand. The guanine bases of the two outer G-quartets exhibit a clockwise donor-acceptor hydrogen-bonding directionality, while those of the middle G-quartet exhibit the anti-clockwise directionality. The topology of this G-quadruplex, like other bimolecular fold-back structures with diagonal loops, places each strand of the G-quartet region next to a neighboring parallel and an anti-parallel strand. The two guanine residues not involved in G-quartet formation, G4 and G12 (i.e. the fourth guanine base of one strand and the first guanine base of the other strand), adopt distinct conformations. G4 is stacked on top of an adjacent G-quartet, and this base-stacking continues along with the bases of the loop residues T5 and T6. G12 is orientated away from the core of G-quartets; stacked on the T7 base and apparently involved in hydrogen-bonding interactions with the phosphodiester group of this same residue. The cation-dependent folding of the d(G(4)T(4)G(3))(2) quadruplex structure is distinct from that observed for similar sequences. While both d(G(4)T(4)G(4)) and d(G(3)T(4)G(3)) form bimolecular, diagonally looped G-quadruplex structures in the presence of Na(+), K(+) and NH(4)(+), we have observed this folding to be favored for d(G(4)T(4)G(3)) in the presence of Na(+), but not in the presence of K(+) or NH(4)(+). The structure of d(G(4)T(4)G(3))(2) exhibits a "slipped-loop" element that is similar to what has been proposed for structural intermediates in the folding pathway of some G-quadruplexes, and therefore provides support for the feasibility of these proposed transient structures in G-quadruplex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Crnugelj
- NMR center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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KISSMAN HM, HOFFMAN AS, WEISS MJ. Analogs of the Aminonucleoside Derived from Puromycin. The Synthesis of 3'-Amino-3'- deoxyguanosine and 3'-Amino-3'-deoxycrotonoside. J Med Chem 2002; 6:407-9. [PMID: 14184895 DOI: 10.1021/jm00340a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Vaughn CP, Elenitoba-Johnson KS. Intrinsic deoxyguanosine quenching of fluorescein-labeled hybridization probes: a simple method for real-time PCR detection and genotyping. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1575-7. [PMID: 11706065 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C P Vaughn
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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Evans JT, Okamoto Y, Douek DC, McFarland RD, Gatlin J, Koup RA, Garcia JV. Thymocyte differentiation from lentivirus-marked CD34(+) cells in infant and adult human thymus. J Immunol Methods 2000; 245:31-43. [PMID: 11042281 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in thymic function and immune system homeostasis associated with HIV infection or chemotherapy have significant effects on the ability of patients to maintain a complete T cell receptor repertoire. Therefore, the development of in vitro systems to evaluate thymic function in children and adults may aid in the understanding of thymopoiesis and the development of new therapies to improve thymic output. Here we use a lentivirus-based gene transfer system to mark CD34(+) cells with EGFP and follow their differentiation into CD4(+) and CD8(+) single positive thymocytes in human thymic organ cultures. Lentivirus-marked cells entered the thymus and were detected in both the cortex and medulla. Pretreatment of the thymus with 2-deoxyguanosine depleted resident thymocytes and significantly increased the percentage of EGFP(+) thymocytes. High frequency gene transfer into CD34(+) cells and maintained expression throughout differentiation allows for the in vitro assessment of thymic function. In thymuses ranging in age from fetal to adult we observed EGFP(+) thymocytes at all stages of development suggesting that thymuses of all ages are capable of accepting new T cell progenitors and contributing to the maintenance of T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases Y9.206, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9113, USA
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