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Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. RUTIN, a widely consumed flavonoid, that commonly induces hormetic effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114626. [PMID: 38556157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid present in numerous fruits and vegetables and therefore widely consumed by humans. It is also a popular dietary supplement of 250-500 mg/day. There is considerable consumer interest in rutin due to numerous reports in the biomedical literature of its multi-system chemo-preventive properties. The present paper provides the first assessment of rutin-induced hormetic concentration/dose responses, their quantitative features and mechanistic basis, along with their biological, biomedical, clinical, and public health implications. The findings indicate that rutin-induced hormetic dose responses are widespread, being reported in numerous biological models and cell types for a wide range of endpoints. Of critical importance is that the optimal hormetic findings shown in in vitro systems are currently not achievable for human populations due to low gastrointestinal tract bioavailability. These findings have the potential to strengthen future experimental studies with rutin, particularly concerning study design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Yu Z, Liu S, Li H, Liang J, Liu W, Piao S, Tian H, Zhou G, Lu C, You W, Sun P, Dong Y, Sitch S, Agathokleous E. Maximizing carbon sequestration potential in Chinese forests through optimal management. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3154. [PMID: 38605043 PMCID: PMC11009231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest carbon sequestration capacity in China remains uncertain due to underrepresented tree demographic dynamics and overlooked of harvest impacts. In this study, we employ a process-based biogeochemical model to make projections by using national forest inventories, covering approximately 415,000 permanent plots, revealing an expansion in biomass carbon stock by 13.6 ± 1.5 Pg C from 2020 to 2100, with additional sink through augmentation of wood product pool (0.6-2.0 Pg C) and spatiotemporal optimization of forest management (2.3 ± 0.03 Pg C). We find that statistical model might cause large bias in long-term projection due to underrepresentation or neglect of wood harvest and forest demographic changes. Remarkably, disregarding the repercussions of harvesting on forest age can result in a premature shift in the timing of the carbon sink peak by 1-3 decades. Our findings emphasize the pressing necessity for the swift implementation of optimal forest management strategies for carbon sequestration enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Haikui Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Management and Growth Modelling, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Weibin You
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pengsen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Shang B, Tian T, Shen D, Du E, Agathokleous E, Feng Z. Can ethylenediurea (EDU) alter the effects of ozone on the source-sink regulation of nitrogen uptake and remobilization during grain filling period in rice? Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:171030. [PMID: 38367724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Increased surface ozone (O3) pollution seriously threatens crop production, and ethylenediurea (EDU) can alleviate crop yield reduction caused by O3. However, the reason for the decrease in grain nitrogen (N) accumulation caused by O3 and whether EDU serves as N fertilizer remain unclear. An experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of factorial combinations of O3 enrichment (ambient air plus 60 ppb) and EDU (foliage spray with 450 ppm solutions) on N concentration, accumulation and remobilization in hybrid rice seedlings. Compared to ambient condition, elevated O3 significantly inhibited the N accumulation in vegetative organs during anthesis and grain N accumulation during the maturity stage. Elevated O3 significantly decreased the total N accumulation during anthesis and maturity stages, with a greater impact at the latter stage. The decrease in grain N accumulation caused by O3 was attributed to a decrease in N remobilization of vegetative organs during the grain filling period as well as to a decrease in post-anthesis N uptake. However, there was no significant change in the proportion of N remobilization and N uptake in grain N accumulation. The inhibitory effect of O3 on N remobilization in the upper canopy leaves was greater than that in the lower canopy leaves. In addition, elevated O3 increased the N accumulation of panicles at the anthesis stage, mainly by resulting in earlier heading of rice. EDU only increased N accumulation at the maturity stage, which was mainly attributed to an increase in rice biomass by EDU. EDU had no significant effect on N concentration, N remobilization process, and N harvest index. The findings are helpful to better understand the utilization of N fertilizer by rice under O3 pollution, and can also provide a theoretical basis for sustainable nutrient management to alleviate the negative impact of O3 on crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyun Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China.
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Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Taurine induces hormesis in multiple biological models: May have transformative implications for overall societal health. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110930. [PMID: 38432405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This paper represents the first integrative assessment and documentation of taurine-induced hormetic effects in the biological and biomedical areas, their dose response features, mechanistic frameworks, and possible public health, therapeutic and commercial applications. Taurine-induced hormetic effects are documented in a wide range of experimental models, cell types and for numerous biological endpoints, with most of these experimental findings being reported within the past five years. It is suggested that the concept of hormesis may have a transformative effect on taurine research and its public health and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Li S, Agathokleous E, Li S, Xu Y, Xia J, Feng Z. Climate gradient and leaf carbon investment influence the effects of climate change on water use efficiency of forests: A meta-analysis. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1070-1083. [PMID: 38018689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems cover a large area of the global land surface and are important carbon sinks. The water-carbon cycles of forests are prone to climate change, but uncertainties remain regarding the magnitude of water use efficiency (WUE) response to climate change and the underpinning mechanism driving WUE variation. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2 ), drought and elevated temperature (eT) on the leaf- to plant-level WUE, covering 80 field studies and 95 tree species. The results showed that eCO2 increased leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE (WUEi, WUEt), whereas drought enhanced both leaf- and plant-level WUEs. eT increased WUEi but decreased carbon isotope-based WUE, possibly due to the influence of mesophyll conductance. Stimulated leaf-level WUE by drought showed a progressing trend with increasing latitude, while eCO2 -induced WUE enhancement showed decreasing trends after >40° N. These latitudinal gradients might influence the spatial pattern of climate and further drove WUE variation. Moreover, high leaf-level WUE under eCO2 and drought was accompanied by low leaf carbon contents. Such a trade-off between growth efficiency and defence suggests a potentially compromised tolerance to diseases and pests. These findings add important ecophysiological parameters into climate models to predict carbon-water cycles of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Shang B, Agathokleous E, Calatayud V, Peng J, Xu Y, Li S, Liu S, Feng Z. Drought mitigates the adverse effects of O 3 on plant photosynthesis rather than growth: A global meta-analysis considering plant functional types. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1269-1284. [PMID: 38185874 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is a phytotoxic air pollutant adversely affecting plant growth. High O3 exposures are often concurrent with summer drought. The effects of both stresses on plants are complex, and their interactions are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate whether drought can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on plant physiology and growth based on a meta-analysis. We found that drought mitigated the negative effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis, but the modification of the O3 effect on the whole-plant biomass by drought was not significant. This is explained by a compensatory response of water-deficient plants that leads to increased metabolic costs. Relative to water control condition, reduced water treatment decreased the effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits, and leaf and root biomass in deciduous broadleaf species, while all traits in evergreen coniferous species showed no significant response. This suggested that the mitigating effects of drought on the negative impacts of O3 on the deciduous broadleaf species were more extensive than on the evergreen coniferous ones. Therefore, to avoid over- or underestimations when assessing the impact of O3 on vegetation growth, soil moisture should be considered. These results contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Calabrese EJ, Hayes AW, Pressman P, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Flavonoids commonly induce hormetic responses. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1237-1240. [PMID: 38367038 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The present paper provides a new perspective of previously published findings by Siwak (Food Chem 141:1227-1241, 2013) which showed that 15 structurally diverse flavonoids reduced toxicity (i.e., enhanced cell viability) from hypochlorite using the MTT assay within a pre-conditioning experimental protocol, with each agent showing a similar biphasic concentration response relationship. We use this Commentary to point out that each of the concentration response relationships are consistent with the hormetic dose response. The paper of Siwak (Food Chem 141:1227-1241, 2013) is unique in that it provides a comparison of a relatively large number of agents using the identical experimental protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Yao X, Cheng Z, Agathokleous E, Wei Y, Feng X, Li H, Zhang T, Li S, Dhawan G, Luo XS. Tetracycline and sulfadiazine toxicity in human liver cells Huh-7. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123454. [PMID: 38286259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
As typical antibiotics, tetracycline (TC) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) enter the human body through the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their individual and combined toxicity. In this study, the effects of TC, SDZ, and their mixture on cell viability, cell membrane damage, liver cell damage, and oxidative damage were evaluated in in vitro assays with human liver cells Huh-7. The results showed cytotoxicity of TC, SDZ, and their mixture, which induced oxidative stress and caused membrane and cell damage. The effect of antibiotics on Huh-7 cells increased with increasing concentration, except for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity that commonly showed a threshold concentration response and cell viability, which commonly showed a biphasic trend, suggesting the possibility of hormetic responses where proper doses are included. The toxicity of TC was commonly higher than that of SDZ when applied at the same concentration. These findings shed light on the individual and joint effects of these major antibiotics on liver cells, providing a scientific basis for the evaluation of antibiotic toxicity and associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Yao
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Academy of Environmental Planning & Design, Co., Ltd, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yaqian Wei
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hanhan Li
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Kitao M, Yazaki K, Tobita H, Agathokleous E, Kishimoto J, Takabayashi A, Tanaka R. Anthocyanins act as a sugar-buffer and an alternative electron sink in response to starch depletion during leaf senescence: a case study on a typical anthocyanic tree species, Acer japonicum. J Exp Bot 2024:erae109. [PMID: 38469677 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
We hypothesized that anthocyanins act as a sugar-buffer and an alternative electron sink during leaf senescence to prevent sugar-mediated early senescence and photoinhibition. To elucidate the anthocyanin role, we monitored seasonal changes in photosynthetic traits, sugar, starch and N contents, pigment composition, and gene expression profiles in leaves exposed to substantially different light conditions within a canopy of an adult tree of fullmoon maple (Acer japonicum). Enhancement of starch amylolysis accompanied with cessation of starch synthesis occurred in the same manner independent of light conditions. Leaf sugar contents increased, but reached upper limits in the late stage of leaf senescence, even though leaf anthocyanins further increased after complete depletion of starch. Sun-exposed leaves maintained higher energy consumption via electron flow than shade-grown leaves during leaf N resorption. Thus, anthocyanins accumulated in sun-exposed leaves might have a regulative role as a sugar buffer, retarding leaf senescence, and an indirect photoprotective role as an alternative sink for electron consumption to compensate declines in other metabolic processes such as starch and protein synthesis. In this context, anthocyanins might be key substrates protecting both outer-canopy leaves (against photoinhibition) and inner-canopy leaves (via shading by outer-canopy leaves) from high light stress during N resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tobita
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Junko Kishimoto
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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10
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Feng T, Wei Z, Agathokleous E, Zhang B. Effect of microplastics on soil greenhouse gas emissions in agroecosystems: Does it depend upon microplastic shape and soil type? Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169278. [PMID: 38092197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have emerged as a significant pollutant in terrestrial ecosystems, with their accumulation in agricultural fields influencing soil greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the specific impact of microplastics, particularly in relation to their varying shapes, and how this effect manifests across diverse soil types, remains largely unexplored. In this study, a 56-day incubation experiment was conducted to assess the influence of microplastic shapes (fibers, films, and spheres) on CO2 and N2O emissions in three types of soils (Chernozems, Luvisols, and Ferralsols), while also investigating potential associations with the compositional and functional characteristics of soil bacterial communities. When compared to the control group, the introduction of microplastic fibers resulted in an increase of 21.7 % in cumulative CO2 emissions and a 31.4 % rise in cumulative N2O emissions in Ferralsols. This increase was closely linked to the proliferation of the Actinobacteria and Bacilli classes and the orders of Catenulisporales, Bacillales, Streptomycetales, Micrococcales, and Burkholderiales within the bacterial communities of Ferralsols, alongside an observed elevation in N-acetyl-glucosaminidase enzyme activity. The inclusion of microplastic fibers did not result in significant alterations in greenhouse gas emissions within Chernozems and Luvisols. This is likely attributed to the inherent buffering capacity of these soils, which helps stabilize substrate and nutrient availability for microbial communities. These findings highlight that the response of greenhouse gas emissions to microplastic additions is contingent upon the shape of the microplastics and the specific soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Feng
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhanbo Wei
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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11
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Vougeleka V, Risoli S, Saitanis C, Agathokleous E, Ntatsi G, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Pisuttu C. Exogenous application of melatonin protects bean and tobacco plants against ozone damage by improving antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing photosynthetic performance, and preventing membrane damage. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123180. [PMID: 38142812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is harmful to plants and ecosystems. Several chemicals have been evaluated to protect plants against O3 deleterious effects. However, they are not adequately efficient and/or the environmental safety of their application is questioned. Hence, new chemicals that provide sufficient protection while being safer for environmental application are needed. This study investigates the response of two O3-sensitive plant species (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto and Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bel-W3) leaf-sprayed with deionized water (W, control), ethylenediurea (EDU, 1 mM) or melatonin at lower (1 mM) or higher (3 mM) concentrations (Mel_L and Mel_H, respectively), and then exposed to a square wave of 200 ppb O3, lasting 1 day (5 h day-1) for bean and 2 days (8 h day-1) for tobacco. In both species, the photosynthetic activity of O3-exposed plants was about halved. O3-induced membrane damage was also confirmed by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) byproducts compared to control (W). In EDU- and Mel-treated bean plants, the photosynthetic performance was not influenced by O3, leading to reduction of the incidence and severity of O3 visible injury. In bean plants, Mel_L mitigated the detrimental effect of O3 by boosting antioxidant enzyme activities or osmoprotectants (e.g. abscisic acid, proline, and glutathione transferase). In Mel_L-sprayed tobacco plants, O3 negatively influenced the photosynthetic activity. Conversely, Mel_H ameliorated the O3-induced oxidative stress by preserving the photosynthetic performance, preventing membrane damage, and reducing the visible injuries extent. Although EDU performed better, melatonin protected plants against O3 phytotoxicity, suggesting its potential application as a bio-safer and eco-friendlier phytoprotectant against O3. It is worth noting that the content of melatonin in EDU-treated plants remained unchanged, indicating that the protectant mode of action of EDU is not Mel-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Vougeleka
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costas Saitanis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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12
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Calabrese EJ, Nascarella M, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Agathokleous E. Hormesis determines lifespan. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102181. [PMID: 38182079 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper addresses how long lifespan can be extended via multiple interventions, such as dietary supplements [e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, complex phytochemical mixtures (e.g., Moringa, Rhodiola)], pharmaceutical agents (e.g., metformin), caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, exercise and other activities. This evaluation was framed within the context of hormesis, a biphasic dose response with specific quantitative features describing the limits of biological/phenotypic plasticity for integrative biological endpoints (e.g., cell proliferation, memory, fecundity, growth, tissue repair, stem cell population expansion/differentiation, longevity). Evaluation of several hundred lifespan extending agents using yeast, nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), multiple insect and other invertebrate and vertebrate models (e.g., fish, rodents), revealed they responded in a manner [average (mean/median) and maximum lifespans] consistent with the quantitative features [i.e., 30-60% greater at maximum (Hormesis Rule)] of the hormetic dose response. These lifespan extension features were independent of biological model, inducing agent, endpoints measured and mechanism. These findings indicate that hormesis describes the capacity to extend life via numerous agents and activities and that the magnitude of lifespan extension is modest, in the percentage, not fold, range. These findings have important implications for human aging, genetic diseases/environmental stresses and lifespan extension, as well as public health practices and long-term societal resource planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences; University of Massachusetts, Morrill I - Room N344, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Marc Nascarella
- Mass College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University; School of Arts and Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management; College of Public Health; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Nanjing 210044, China
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13
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Calabrese EJ, Hayes AW, Pressman P, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Quercetin induces its chemoprotective effects via hormesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114419. [PMID: 38142767 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a polyphenol present in numerous fruits and vegetables and therefore widely consumed by humans with average daily dietary intakes of 10-20 mg/day. It is also a popular dietary supplement of 250-1000 mg/day. However, despite the widespread consumer interest in quercetin, due to its possible chemopreventive properties, the extensively studied quercetin presents a highly diverse and complex array of biological effects. Consequently, the present paper provides the first assessment of quercetin-induced hormetic concentration/dose responses, their quantitative features and mechanistic foundations, and their biological, biomedical, clinical, and public health implications. The findings indicate that quercetin-induced hormetic dose responses are widespread, being independent of biological model, cell type, and endpoint. These findings have the potential to enlighten future experimental studies with quercetin especially with respect to study design parameters and may also affect the appraisal of possible public health benefits and risks associated with highly diverse consumer consumption practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD), University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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14
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Agathokleous E, Rillig MC, Peñuelas J, Yu Z. One hundred important questions facing plant science derived using a large language model. Trends Plant Sci 2024; 29:210-218. [PMID: 37394309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly and continually evolving in various fields. Recently, the release of ChatGPT has sparked significant public interest. In this study, we revisit the '100 Important Questions Facing Plant Science' by leveraging ChatGPT as a valuable tool for generating thought-provoking questions relevant to plant science. These questions primarily revolve around the utilization of plants in product development, understanding plant mechanisms, plant-environment interactions, and enhancing plant traits, with an emphasis on sustainable product development. While ChatGPT may not capture certain crucial aspects highlighted by scientists, it offers valuable insights into the questions generated by experts. Our analysis demonstrates that ChatGPT can be cautiously employed as a supportive tool to facilitate, streamline, and expedite specific tasks in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Agathokleous E, Calabrese EJ. Evolution of hormesis research: a bibliometric analysis. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:577-578. [PMID: 38017292 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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16
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Deng H, Zhang Y, Liu K, Mao Q, Agathokleous E. Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus extract and wood vinegar on germination and sprouting of rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:4280-4289. [PMID: 38100025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Eucalyptus plantations are usually characterized by low biodiversity due to allelopathy effects. Wood vinegar is considered a complex growth regulator that can promote plant growth at low concentrations. However, there is information scarcity about the co-application of eucalypt leaf water extract and wood vinegar on plants. This study aimed at clarifying whether wood vinegar can protect seed germination against suppression by eucalypt-induced allelopathy. We examined germination behavior and seedling elongation characteristics in rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) treated with different solutions of wood vinegar and eucalypt leaf water extract. The results showed that eucalypt leaf water extracts, wood vinegar solutions, and their mixture allelopathically suppressed seed germination rate. After rapeseed sprouting, eucalypt leaf water extracts promoted root elongation, stem elongation, and fresh weight elongation. Malondialdehyde content was also lower under the influence of eucalypt leaf water extract. Mixture of high concentration of eucalypt leaf water extract and lower concentration of wood vinegar significantly promoted root elongation. Therefore, both eucalypt leaf water extract and wood vinegar are complex plant growth regulators, which can be used to inhibit or stimulate plants at different ontogenic stages. During the seed germination period, both eucalypt leaf extracts and wood vinegar could be used as weed inhibitors. Conversely, during the period of sprouting (seedling establishment), low concentrations of eucalypt leaf extracts and wood vinegar can promote growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Deng
- College of Resources, Environment and Life Sciences, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, 756000, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kangping Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Sanya Qihuimin New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Qiaozhi Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China.
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17
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Agathokleous E, Calabrese EJ, Barceló D. Environmental hormesis: New developments. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167450. [PMID: 37806016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Zhou J, Jiang X, Agathokleous E, Lu X, Yang Z, Li R. High temperature inhibits photosynthesis of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) seedlings more than relative humidity. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1272013. [PMID: 38116157 PMCID: PMC10728730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
High relative humidity (RH) and high temperature are expected more frequently due to climate change, and can severely affect the growth of chrysanthemums. In order to analyze the interactive effects of RH and high temperature on the photosynthetic performance of chrysanthemum, a completely randomized block experiment was conducted with three factors, namely temperature (Day/night temperature, 35°C/18°C, 38°C/18°C, 41°C/18°C), RH (Whole day RH, 50%, 70%, 90%), and treatment duration (3d, 6d, 9d). The control (CK) temperature was 28°C/18°C and RH was 50%. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn-max), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), maximal recorded fluorescence intensity (Fm), PSII maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), absorption flux per cross section (ABS/CSm), trapped energy flux per cross section (TRo/CSm), electron transport flux per cross section (ETo/CSm) and photosynthetic pigment content of leaves significantly decreased, the minimal recorded fluorescence intensity (Fo), fluorescence intensity at point J of the OJIP curve (Fj) and non-photochemical quenching per cross section (DIo/CSm) significantly increased, the fluorescence difference kinetics of the OJ phase of chrysanthemum leaves showed K-bands. Pn, AQE, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, ABS/CSm, TRo/CSm, ETo/CSm and photosynthetic pigment content were higher at 70% RH than the other two RH conditions. The dominant factor causing the decrease of Pn in leaves was stomatal limitation at 35°C,38°C, three RH conditions, 3d and 6d, but non-stomatal limitation at 41°C and 9d. There was an interaction between temperature and RH, with a significant impact on Pn. The temperature had the greatest impact on Pn, followed by RH. This study confirms that heat stress severely affects the photosynthesis of chrysanthemum leaves, and when the temperature reaches or exceeds 35°C, adjusting the RH to 70% can effectively reduce the impact of heat stress on chrysanthemum photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaiqiang Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecasting and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing, China
- Meteorological Bureau of Heze City, Heze, China
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19
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Calabrese E, Hayes AW, Pressman P, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Calabrese V, Agathokleous E. Polyamines and hormesis: Making sense of a dose response dichotomy. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110748. [PMID: 37816449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The diverse biological effects of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were reviewed in the context of hormesis in an integrative manner for the first time. The findings illustrate that each of these polyamines commonly induces hormetic dose responses in a wide range of biological models and types of cells for multiple endpoints in numerous plant species and animal models. Plant research emphasized preconditioning experimental studies in which the respective polyamines conferred some protection against the damaging effects of a broad range of environmental stressors such as drought, salinity, cold/heat, heavy metals and UV-damage in an hormetic manner. Polyamine-based animal hormesis studies emphasized biomedical endpoints such as longevity and neuroprotection. These findings have important biological and biomedical implications and should guide experimental designs of low dose investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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20
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Okrah A, Li S, Agathokleous E, Feng Z. Elevated ozone effects on potato leaf physiology, growth, and yield: a meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:120483-120495. [PMID: 37945953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Potato is an important crop worldwide and threatened by various environmental stresses, including elevated ozone (e[O3]). Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of e[O3] on potato plants and how it varies depending upon different experimental conditions. Regarding plant growth and biomass, e[O3] significantly decreased shoot biomass by 18% and belowground biomass by 35%, while it increased the leaf area index by 19% and total number of injured leaves by 146%. As for yield, e[O3] significantly decreased the total tuber number by 21%. A relatively pronounced effect of e[O3] on the stomatal conductance was observed when exposure lasted 31-60 days, which was significantly greater than that after exposure lasted 96-311 days. The overall quantity of leaves was mainly decreased by higher (100-150 ppb) than lower (30-80 ppb) concentrations of e[O3] compared to ambient O3. The effect of e[O3] on the total tuber number was significant mainly when exposure lasted 31-90 days and was greater in plants grown in growth chambers than those planted in open-top chambers and glasshouses. The effect of e[O3] stress on physiology, growth, and yield varied among cultivars, with some cultivars showing marked tolerance relative to other cultivars. The findings can guide strategies to manage the negative impacts of e[O3] stress on potato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Okrah
- Collaborative Innovation Center On Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 00233, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shenglan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center On Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center On Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center On Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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21
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Agathokleous E, Blande JD, Masui N, Calabrese EJ, Zhang J, Sicard P, Guedes RNC, Benelli G. Sublethal chemical stimulation of arthropod parasitoids and parasites of agricultural and environmental importance. Environ Res 2023; 237:116876. [PMID: 37573021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported stimulation of various organisms in the presence of environmental contaminants. This has created a need to critically evaluate sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses of arthropod parasitoids and parasites following exposure to pesticides and other contaminants. Examining this phenomenon with a focus on arthropods of agricultural and environmental importance serves as the framework for this literature review. This review shows that several pesticides, with diverse chemical structures and different modes of action, applied individually or in combination at sublethal doses, commonly stimulate an array of arthropod parasitoids and parasites. Exposure at sublethal doses can enhance responses related to physiology (e.g., respiration, total lipid content, and total protein content), behavior (e.g., locomotor activity, antennal drumming frequency, host location, and parasitization), and fitness (longevity, growth, fecundity, population net and gross reproduction). Concordantly, the parasitic potential (e.g., infestation efficacy, parasitization rate, and parasitoid/parasite emergence) can be increased, and as a result host activities inhibited. There is some evidence illustrating hormetic dose-responses, but the relevant literature commonly included a limited number and range of doses, precluding a robust differentiation between sub- and superNOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) stimulation. These results reveal a potentially significant threat to ecological health, through stimulation of harmful parasitic organisms by environmental contaminants, and highlight the need to include sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses in relevant ecological pesticide risk assessments. Curiously, considering a more utilitarian view, hormesis may also assist in optimizing mass rearing of biological control agents for field use, a possibility that also remains neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noboru Masui
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 4228526, Japan
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | | | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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22
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Agathokleous E. Light pollution driven by climate change. Science 2023; 382:655. [PMID: 37943900 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Ramya A, Dhevagi P, Poornima R, Avudainayagam S, Watanabe M, Agathokleous E. Effect of ozone stress on crop productivity: A threat to food security. Environ Res 2023; 236:116816. [PMID: 37543123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3), the most important phytotoxic air pollutant, can deteriorate crop quality and productivity. Notably, satellite and ground-level observations-based multimodel simulations demonstrate that the present and future predicted O3 exposures could threaten food security. Hence, the present study aims at reviewing the phytotoxicity caused by O3 pollution, which threatens the food security. The present review encompasses three major aspects; wherein the past and prevailing O3 concentrations in various regions were compiled at first, followed by discussing the physiological, biochemical and yield responses of economically important crop species, and considering the potential of O3 protectants to alleviate O3-induced phytotoxicity. Finally, the empirical data reported in the literature were quantitatively analysed to show that O3 causes detrimental effect on physiological traits, photosynthetic pigments, growth and yield attributes. The review on prevailing O3 concentrations over various regions, where economically important crop are grown, and their negative impact would support policy makers to implement air pollution regulations and the scientific community to develop countermeasures against O3 phytotoxicity for maintaining food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambikapathi Ramya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Periyasamy Dhevagi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
| | - Ramesh Poornima
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - S Avudainayagam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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24
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Agathokleous E, Blande JD, Calabrese EJ, Guedes RNC, Benelli G. Stimulation of insect vectors of pathogens by sublethal environmental contaminants: A hidden threat to human and environmental health? Environ Pollut 2023; 336:122422. [PMID: 37604394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses are increasingly identified and acknowledged in scientific research. However, the occurrence and characteristics of such responses in insect vectors of pathogens are little explored and poorly understood. Here, we collate significant evidence from the scientific literature showing that sublethal doses of environmental contaminants, such as pesticides, microplastics, and plasticizers, induce stimulation and hormetic responses in insect vectors of pathogens of agricultural and public health importance, including mosquitoes, other dipterans, psyllids, aphids, and planthoppers. Physiological, behavioral, and demographic traits can be enhanced by exposure to lower subtoxic contaminant doses while being inhibited by higher toxic doses. Energetic trade-offs can also occur, especially at sublethal doses higher than the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). The relevant literature is limited and so are the number of doses commonly included in the studies, precluding firm conclusions and enhanced understanding. Nevertheless, these effects are significant and could undermine human and environmental health, and thus sustainability agendas, if ultimately the transmission of pathogens and disease spread and severity are increased. Further research is urgently needed to tackle these phenomena, especially under field conditions. The findings discussed here are relevant to chemical risk assessment and chemical safety evaluations, in which all possible effects from the lowest to higher doses should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill I, N344, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Manes P, Calabrese V. Naringin commonly acts via hormesis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:164728. [PMID: 37295528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present paper provides the first integrative assessment of the capacity of naringin and its metabolite, naringenin, to induce hormetic dose responses within a broad range of experimental biomedical models. The findings indicate that these agents commonly induced protective effects that are typically mediated via hormetic mechanisms leading to biphasic dose-response relationships. The maximum protective effects are generally modest, 30-60 % greater than control group values. The range of experimental findings with these agents has been reported for models with various neurodegenerative diseases, nucleus pulpous cells (NPCs) located within intravertebral discs, several types of stem cells (i.e., bone marrow, amniotic fluid, periodontal, endothelial) as well as cardiac cells. These agents also were effective within preconditioning protocols protecting against environmental toxins such as ultraviolet radiation (UV), cadmium, and paraquat. The mechanism(s) by which the hormetic responses mediates these biphasic dose responses is complex but commonly involves the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), an increasingly recognized regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. Nrf2 appears to play a role in controlling the basal and induced expression of an array of antioxidant response element-dependent genes to regulate oxidant exposure's physiological and pathophysiological outcomes. Hence its importance in the assessment of toxicologic and adaptive potential is likely to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy.
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26
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Agathokleous E, Frei M, Knopf OM, Muller O, Xu Y, Nguyen TH, Gaiser T, Liu X, Liu B, Saitanis CJ, Shang B, Alam MS, Feng Y, Ewert F, Feng Z. Adapting crop production to climate change and air pollution at different scales. Nat Food 2023; 4:854-865. [PMID: 37845546 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are tightly interconnected and jointly affect field crop production and agroecosystem health. Although our understanding of the individual and combined impacts of air pollution and climate change factors is improving, the adaptation of crop production to concurrent air pollution and climate change remains challenging to resolve. Here we evaluate recent advances in the adaptation of crop production to climate change and air pollution at the plant, field and ecosystem scales. The main approaches at the plant level include the integration of genetic variation, molecular breeding and phenotyping. Field-level techniques include optimizing cultivation practices, promoting mixed cropping and diversification, and applying technologies such as antiozonants, nanotechnology and robot-assisted farming. Plant- and field-level techniques would be further facilitated by enhancing soil resilience, incorporating precision agriculture and modifying the hydrology and microclimate of agricultural landscapes at the ecosystem level. Strategies and opportunities for crop production under climate change and air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver M Knopf
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Fan D, Sun Y, Chen M, Zhu Y, Agathokleous E, Zhu F, Han J. The role of the ABF1 gene in regulation of Cd-induced hormesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131991. [PMID: 37459756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is important in plant performance in contaminated environments, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed at mining key genes in regulating Cd-induced hormesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and verifying their biological function. Hormesis of fresh weight, dry weight, and root length occurred at concentrations of 0.003-2.4, 0.03-0.6, and 0.03-0.6 µM Cd, respectively. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and chlorophyll content displayed inverted U-shaped curves, indicating that the antioxidant defense system and photosynthesis system played roles in hormesis. Based on KEGG pathway analysis with the trend chart of differentially expressed genes and weighted correlation network analysis, the key gene ABF1 in the metabolic pathway of abscisic acid was identified. Subsequently, genetic experiments with wild, overexpressing, and knockdown lines of A. thaliana were conducted to further verify the biological function of ABF1 involving Cd-induced hormesis in A. thaliana. The results revealed that the resistance capability of the overexpressing type to Cd stress was significantly enhanced and implicated that the ABF1 gene is essential for Cd-induced hormesis in A. thaliana. Mining key genes that regulate Cd-induced hormesis in plants and stimulate them could have a transformative impact on the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwu Fan
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
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Abstract
Moringa oleifera, a traditional Indian herb, is widely known for its capacity to induce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other chemoprotective effects in a broad range of biomedical models. These perspectives have led to an extensive number of studies using various moringa extracts to evaluate its capacity to protect biological systems from oxidative stress and to explore whether it could be used to slow the onset of numerous age-related conditions and diseases. Moringa extracts have also been applied to prevent damage to plants from oxidative and saline stresses, following hormetic dose–response patterns. The present paper provides the first integrated and mechanistically based assessment showing that moringa extracts commonly induce hormetic dose responses and that many, perhaps most, of the beneficial effects of moringa are due to its capacity to act as an hormetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003USA
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania; Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania95123, Italy
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29
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Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Agathokleous E, Iavicoli I, Giordano J. Hormesis, biological plasticity, and implications for clinical trial research. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102028. [PMID: 37549872 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The present paper identifies a critical factor that leads to false negative results (i.e., failing to indicate efficacy when beneficial results did occur) in randomized human drug trials. The paper demonstrates that human performance can only be enhanced by a maximum of 30-60% as described by the hormetic dose response which defines the limits of biological plasticity. However, human epidemiological/clinical trials typically contain such extensive variability that often requires responses greater than 2-3 times control group responses to show statistical significance. Thus, many potentially beneficial agents may be missed because the clinical trial fails to recognize and take into consideration the limits of biological plasticity. The paper proposes that this hormesis-biological plasticity-clinical trial conundrum can be addressed successfully via the use of a weight-of-evidence methodology similar to that used by regulatory agencies such as EPA in environmental assessment of chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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30
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Mendes NAC, Cunha MLO, Bosse MA, Silva VM, Moro AL, Agathokleous E, Vicente EF, Reis ARD. Physiological and biochemical role of nickel in nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107869. [PMID: 37421847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the role of nickel (Ni) in photosynthetic and antioxidant metabolism, as well as in flavonoid synthesis and biological fixation nitrogen in cowpea crop are scarce. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Ni in metabolism, photosynthesis and nodulation of cowpea plants. A completely randomized experiment was performed in greenhouse, with cowpea plants cultivated under 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 mg kg-1 Ni, as Ni sulfate. In the study the following parameters were evaluated: activity of urease, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase; concentration of urea, n-compounds, photosynthetic pigments, flavonoids, H2O2 and MDA; estimative of gas exchange, and biomass as plants, yield and weight of 100 seeds. At whole-plant level, Ni affected root biomass, number of seeds per pot, and yield, increasing it at 0.5 mg kg-1 and leading to inhibition at 2-3 mg kg-1 (e.g. number of seeds per pot and nodulation). The whole-plant level enhancement by 0.5 mg Ni kg-1 occurred along with increased photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, ureides, and catalase, and decreased hydrogen peroxide concentration. This study presents fundamental new insights regarding Ni effect on N metabolism, and nodulation that can be helpful to increase cowpea yield. Considering the increasing population and its demand for staple food, these results contribute to the enhancement of agricultural techniques that increase crop productivity and help to maintain human food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Luís Oliveira Cunha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Postal Code 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Bosse
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Postal Code 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Martins Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Postal Code 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lima Moro
- Department of Crop Production, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eduardo Festozo Vicente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Jd. Itaipu, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Jd. Itaipu, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
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Calatayud V, Diéguez JJ, Agathokleous E, Sicard P. Machine learning model to predict vehicle electrification impacts on urban air quality and related human health effects. Environ Res 2023; 228:115835. [PMID: 37019297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a prevailing environmental problem in cities worldwide. The future vehicle electrification (VE), which in Europe will be importantly fostered by the ban of thermal engines from 2035, is expected to have an important effect on urban air quality. Machine learning models represent an optimal tool for predicting changes in air pollutants concentrations in the context of future VE. For the city of Valencia (Spain), a XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting package) model was used in combination with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis, both to investigate the importance of different factors explaining air pollution concentrations and predicting the effect of different levels of VE. The model was trained with 5 years of data including the COVID-19 lockdown period in 2020, in which mobility was strongly reduced resulting in unprecedent changes in air pollution concentrations. The interannual meteorological variability of 10 years was also considered in the analyses. For a 70% VE, the model predicted: 1) improvements in nitrogen dioxide pollution (-34% to -55% change in annual mean concentrations, for the different air quality stations), 2) a very limited effect on particulate matter concentrations (-1 to -4% change in annual means of PM2.5 and PM10), 3) heterogeneous responses in ground-level ozone concentrations (-2% to +12% change in the annual means of the daily maximum 8-h average concentrations). Even at a high VE increase of 70%, the 2021 World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines will be exceeded for all pollutants in some stations. VE has a potentially important impact in terms of reducing NO2-associated premature mortality, but complementary strategies for reducing traffic and controlling all different air pollution sources should also be implemented to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, Parque Tecnológico, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Paterna, Spain.
| | - J J Diéguez
- Fundación CEAM, Parque Tecnológico, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, Paterna, Spain
| | - E Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - P Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 Route Du Pin Montard, Biot, France
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Agathokleous E, Sonne C, Benelli G, Calabrese EJ, Guedes RNC. Low-dose chemical stimulation and pest resistance threaten global crop production. Sci Total Environ 2023; 878:162989. [PMID: 36948307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance increases and threatens crop production sustainability. Chemical contamination contributes to the development of pest resistance to pesticides, in part by causing stimulatory effects on pests at low sub-toxic doses and facilitating the spread of resistance genes. This article discusses hormesis and low-dose biological stimulation and their relevance to crop pest resistance. It highlights that a holistic approach is needed to tackle pest resistance to pesticides and reduce imbalance in accessing food and improving food security in accordance with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Among others, the effects of sub-toxic doses of pesticides should be considered when assessing the impact of synthetic and natural pesticides, while the promotion of alternative agronomical practices is needed to decrease the use of agrochemicals. Potential alternative solutions include camo-cropping, exogenous application of phytochemicals that are pest-suppressing or -repelling and/or attractive to carnivorous arthropods and other pest natural enemies, and nano-technological innovations. Moreover, to facilitate tackling of pesticide resistance in poorer countries, less technology-demanding and low-cost practices are needed. These include mixed cropping systems, diversification of cultures, use of 'push-pull cropping', incorporation of flower strips into cultivations, modification of microenvironment, and application of beneficial microorganisms and insects. However, there are still numerous open questions, and more research is needed to address the ecological and environmental effects of many of these potential solutions, with special reference to trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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Guo Y, Sun Y, Fan D, Wang S, Agathokleous E, Zhu Y, Han J. New insights into the role of soil properties in driving cadmium-induced hormesis in soil alkaline phosphatase under vegetation cover change. Sci Total Environ 2023:164798. [PMID: 37302598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hormetic responses of soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to exogenous Cd under five different vegetation cover types in a typical coastal wetland, including mudflat (Mud), Phragmites australis (PA), Spartina alterniflora (SA), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (MG), and Cinnamomum camphora (CC). The results showed that the activity of soil ALP was significantly enhanced by exogenous 0.3-1.0, 0.2-0.8, 0.05-0.3, 0.05-0.6, and 0.05-0.60 mg Cd /kg in Mud, PA, SA, MG, and CC, respectively. Moreover, the Horzone (an integrated indicator of the stimulation phase) of Mud and PA was significantly higher than that of SA, MG, and CC. Multiple factor analysis revealed that soil chemical properties and soil bacteria community play an important role in the hormetic effect of soil ALP to Cd stress. Soil electric conductivity (EC) and the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria were also identified as key drivers of the hormetic effects of Cd on soil ALP under five vegetation cover types. These findings suggest that the soil ecosystem had better resistance to exogenous Cd stress under mudflat and native species (PA) than invasive species (SA), and artificial forests (MG and CC) when soil ALP activity was the test endpoint. Consequently, this study is beneficial for future ecological risk assessment of soil Cd contamination under divergent vegetation covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Diwu Fan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shengyan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hongze Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Huaian, Jiangsu 223100, China
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hongze Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Huaian, Jiangsu 223100, China.
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Masui N, Inoue S, Agathokleous E, Matsuura H, Koike T. Elevated ozone alters long-chain fatty acids in leaves of Japanese white birch saplings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28056-0. [PMID: 37284952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in leaves have attracted attention as nutritious phytochemicals and olfactory signals that influence the behavior and growth of herbivorous insects. In recognition of the negative effects of increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) levels on plants, LCFAs can be altered through peroxidation by O3. However, how elevated O3 changes the amount and composition of LCFAs in field-grown plants is still unknown. We investigated palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic LCFAs in the two leaf types (spring and summer) and two stages (early and late stage after expansion) of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) after a multi-year O3 exposure on the field. Summer leaves exhibited a distinct composition of LCFAs under elevated O3 at the early stage, whereas both stages of spring leaves did not exhibit significant changes in LCFAs composition by elevated O3. In the spring leaves, the amounts of saturated LCFAs significantly increased at the early stage, however, the amount of total, palmitic, and linoleic acids at the late stage were significantly decreased by elevated O3. Summer leaves had a lower amount of all LCFAs at both leaf stages. Regarding the early stage of summer leaves, the lower amount of LCFAs under elevated O3 was possibly due to O3-suppressed photosynthesis in the current spring leaves. Furthermore, the decrease ratio of spring leaves over time was significantly increased by elevated O3 in all LCFAs, whereas summer leaves did not exhibit such an effect. These findings suggest that further studies should be conducted to reveal the biological functions of LCFAs under elevated O3, considering the leaf type- and stage-dependent changes of LCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Masui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan.
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), 210044, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan
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35
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Naziri A, Mina T, Manoli K, Beretsou VG, Christou A, Michael C, Agathokleous E, Fatta-Kassinos D. Looking into the effects of co-contamination by micro(nano)plastics in the presence of other pollutants on irrigated edible plants. Sci Total Environ 2023:164618. [PMID: 37286006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To address water shortage challenges, treated wastewater is used to meet the demand for irrigation water in several countries worldwide. Considering the presence of pollutants in treated wastewater, its use for land irrigation might have an impact in the environment. This review article focuses on the combined effect (or potential joint toxicity) of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) and other environmental contaminants present in treated wastewater on edible plants after irrigation. Initially, the concentrations of MPs/NPs in wastewater treatment plant effluents and surface waters were summarized, indicating the presence MPs/NPs in both water matrices (i.e., wastewater after receiving treatment and lakes/rivers). Then, the results of 19 studies related to joint toxicity of MPs/NPs and co-contaminants (e.g., heavy metals and pharmaceuticals) on edible plants, were reviewed and discussed. This combined presence, may result in several combined effects on edible plants, e.g., rapid root growth, increase in antioxidant enzymes, decrease in photosynthetic rate and increased production of ROS. These effects, as discussed in the various studies on which this review is based, can generate antagonistic or even neutral impact on plants, depending on the size of MPs/NPs and their mixing ratio with the co-contaminants. It was concluded that a combined exposure of edible plants to MPs/NPs and co-contaminants can lead to hormetic adaptive responses. The data reviewed and discussed herein may relieve overlooked environmental impacts of treated wastewater reuse and may be useful to address challenges related to the combined effects of MPs/NPs and co-contaminants on edible plants after irrigation. The conclusions drawn in this review article are relevant to both direct (i.e., treated wastewater irrigation) and indirect (i.e., discharging treated wastewater in surface waters used for irrigation purposes) reuse, and may contribute to the implementation of the European Regulation 2020/741 on the minimum requirements for water reuse (EU, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Naziri
- Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Theoni Mina
- Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Hoshika Y, Haworth M, Tang Y, Koike T. Ethylenediurea protects against ozone phytotoxicity not by adding nitrogen or controlling stomata in a stomata-unresponsive hybrid poplar. Sci Total Environ 2023; 875:162672. [PMID: 36894106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is a persistent environmental issue worldwide, which causes widespread damage to vegetation, deteriorating plant health and reducing plant productivity. Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a synthetic chemical that has been widely applied in scientific studies as a protectant against O3 phytotoxicities. Despite four decades of active research, the exact mechanisms to explain its mode of action remain unclear. Here, we aimed to reveal whether EDU's phytoprotective property is due to its control over stomatal regulation and/or its action as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer, utilizing stomatal-unresponsive plants of a hybrid poplar (Populus koreana × trichocarpa cv. Peace) grown in a free-air O3-concenctration enrichment (FACE) facility. Plants were treated with water (WAT), EDU (400 mg L-1), or EDU's constitutive amount of N every nine days, and exposed to ambient (AOZ) or elevated (EOZ) O3 during a growing season (June-September). EOZ led to extensive foliar injuries (but protected against rust disease), lower photosynthetic rate (A), impaired dynamics of responses of A to changes in light intensity, and smaller total plant leaf area. EDU protected against common phytotoxicities caused by EOZ without inducing stomatal closure, since stomatal conductance (gs) was generally unresponsive to the experimental treatments. EDU also modulated the dynamic response of A to light fluctuations under O3 stress. N addition acted as a fertilizer but did not satisfactorily protect plants against O3 phytotoxicities. The results suggest that EDU protects against O3 phytotoxicity not by adding N or controlling stomata, which provides a new insight into our understanding of the mode of action of EDU as a protectant against O3 phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan; Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Sapporo 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matthew Haworth
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ping Q, Fang C, Yuan X, Agathokleous E, He H, Zheng H, Feng Z. Nitrogen addition changed the relationships of fine root respiration and biomass with key physiological traits in ozone-stressed poplars. Sci Total Environ 2023; 875:162721. [PMID: 36898537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) addition may have contradictory effects on plant photosynthesis and growth. However, it remains unclear whether these effects on aboveground parts further change the root resource management strategy and the relationships of fine root respiration and biomass with other physiological traits. In this study, an open-top chamber experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of O3 alone and in combination with nitrogen (N) addition on root production and fine root respiration of poplar clone 107 (Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76'). Saplings were grown with (100 kg ha-1 year-1) or without (+0 kg ha-1 year-1) N addition under two O3 regimes (non-filtered ambient air or non-filtered ambient air + 60 ppb of O3). After about two to three months of treatment, elevated O3 significantly decreased fine root biomass and starch content but increased fine root respiration, which occurred in tandem with inhibited leaf light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat). Nitrogen addition did not change fine root respiration or biomass, neither did it alter the effect of elevated O3 on the fine root traits. However, N addition weakened the relationships of fine root respiration and biomass with Asat, fine root starch and N concentrations. No significant relationships of fine root biomass and respiration with soil mineralized N were observed under elevated O3 or N addition. These results imply that changed relationships of plant fine root traits under global changes should be considered into earth system process models to project more accurately future carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A OB9, Canada
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Li S, Agathokleous E, Li S, Yuan X, Du Y, Feng Z. Sensitivity of isoprene emission rate to ozone in greening trees is concurrently determined by isoprene synthesis capacity and stomatal conductance. Sci Total Environ 2023:164325. [PMID: 37244606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of isoprene emission rate (ISOrate) to ozone (O3) in plant suggests potentially large changes in future isoprene emissions, which will have important consequences for atmospheric chemistry. However, the interspecific variation of ISOrate sensitivity to O3 and its key drivers remain largely unknown. In this study, four urban greening tree species were exposed to two O3 treatments (charcoal-filtered air, CF; and non-filtered ambient air plus 60 ppb extra O3, EO3) in open-top chambers for one growing season. We aimed to compare the interspecific variation in O3 inhibitory effect on ISOrate and explore its physiological mechanism. EO3 decreased the ISOrate by on average 42.5 % across species. According to absolute effect size ranking, the highest ISOrate sensitivity to EO3 was observed in Salix matsudana, followed by Sophora japonica and hybrid poplar clone '546', while Quercus mongolica ISOrate was the least sensitive. Leaf anatomical structures differed in tree species but did not respond to EO3. Furthermore, the ISOrate sensitivity to O3 was driven by the concurrent effects of O3 on ISO synthesis ability (i.e., dimethylallyl diphosphate and isoprene synthase contents) and stomatal conductance. Overall, the mechanistic understanding grained from this study may promote the integrity of O3 effect into process-based ISO emission models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yingdong Du
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Zhang J, Tang Z, Agathokleous E, Zheng G, Xu L, Li P. Hormesis in the heavy metal accumulator plant Tillandsia ionantha under Cd exposure: Frequency and function of different biomarkers. Sci Total Environ 2023; 889:164328. [PMID: 37211113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most biotoxic substances among all heavy metals, but an increasing number of studies indicate that low-dose Cd can induce hormesis in some plants. However, the frequency of hormesis in various biomarkers (molecular, resistance, and damage markers) and their associated function in hormesis-generation are poorly understood. In this study, the heavy metal accumulator plant Tillandsia ionantha Planch. was exposed to 5 mM CdCl2 with 6 different time periods. The trends of 18 biomarkers after Cd exposure were detected. The percentage for all non-monophasic responses based on dose-response modeling was higher (50 %), in which seven (38.89 %) biomarkers showed hormesis, further indicates that hormesis effect can commonly occur in this plant. However, the occurrence frequency of hormesis in different types of biomarkers was different. Six Cd resistance genes, glutathione (GSH) among 6 resistance markers, and 0 damage markers showed hormesis. Factor analysis further showed that the 6 Cd resistance genes and GSH were positively intercorrelated in the first principal component. Therefore, heavy metal resistance genes and GSH may play an important role in the generation of hormesis. Our experiment shows that time-dependent non-monophasic responses, including hormesis, are activated by considerably high concentrations of Cd, presenting a strategy to cope with and potentially reduce the anticipated damage as the dose of stress increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 21044, China
| | - Guiling Zheng
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
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Agathokleous E, Saitanis CJ, Fang C, Yu Z. Use of ChatGPT: What does it mean for biology and environmental science? Sci Total Environ 2023; 888:164154. [PMID: 37201835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important technologies. Recently, ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) has been released and attracted massive interest from the public, owing to its unique capabilities to simplify many daily tasks of people from diverse backgrounds and social statuses. Here, we discuss how ChatGPT (and similar AI technologies) can impact biology and environmental science, providing examples obtained through interactive sessions with ChatGPT. The benefits that ChatGPT offers are ample and can impact many aspects of biology and environmental science, including education, research, scientific publishing, outreach, and societal translation. Among others, ChatGPT can simplify and expedite highly complex and challenging tasks. As an example to illustrate this, we provide 100 important questions for biology and 100 important questions for environmental science. Although ChatGPT offers a plethora of benefits, there are several risks and potential harms associated with its use, which we analyze herein. Awareness of risks and potential harms should be raised. However, understanding and overcoming the current limitations could lead these recent technological advances to push biology and environmental science to their limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Chao Fang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V. Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are mediated by hormetic mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113805. [PMID: 37169059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous and dietary agent, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is evaluated for its capacity to induce a broad spectrum of adaptive responses via hormetic dose responses and their underlying mechanisms. ALA was shown to induce hormetic effects in a wide range of experimental models within in vitro and in vivo experimental settings which included direct exposure and pre- and post-conditioning experimental protocols. The hormetic effects occur in a broad range of organ systems, including the brain, heart, kidney and other tissues, with possible public health and clinical/therapeutic applications linked to reducing the onset and progression of neurogenerative diseases and also in the preservation of sperm health and functionality during cryopreservation. This paper provides the first integrated assessment of ALA-induced hormetic dose responses. Underlying mechanisms that mediated the occurrence of ALA-induced hormetic effects involved the induction of low levels of ROS that activate key cell signaling antioxidant (e.g. Nrf2) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Rhodiola rosea and Salidroside commonly induce hormesis, with particular focus on longevity and neuroprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110540. [PMID: 37169278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of Rhodiola rosea extracts and one of its major constituents, Salidroside, were evaluated for their capacity to induce hormesis/hormetic effects. The findings indicate that the Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside commonly induce hormetic dose responses within a broad range of biological models, cell types and across a broad range of endpoints, with particular emphasis on longevity and neuroprotective endpoints. This paper represents the first integrative documentation and assessment of Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside induction of hormetic effects. These findings have important biomedical applications and should have an important impact with respect to critical study design, dose selection and other experimental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Wang Q, Wang D, Agathokleous E, Cheng C, Shang B, Feng Z. Soil Microbial Community Involved in Nitrogen Cycling in Rice Fields Treated with Antiozonant under Ambient Ozone. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0018023. [PMID: 37022183 PMCID: PMC10132097 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00180-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylenediurea (EDU) can effectively mitigate the crop yield loss caused by ozone (O3), a major, phytotoxic air pollutant. However, the relevant mechanisms are poorly understood, and the effect of EDU on soil ecosystems has not been comprehensively examined. In this study, a hybrid rice variety (Shenyou 63) was cultivated under ambient O3 and sprayed with 450 ppm EDU or water every 10 days. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that EDU had no significant effect on the microbial abundance in either rhizospheric or bulk soils. By applying both metagenomic sequencing and the direct assembly of nitrogen (N)-cycling genes, EDU was found to decrease the abundance of functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification processes. Moreover, EDU increased the abundance of genes involved in N-fixing. Although the abundance of some functional genes did not change significantly, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and a principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) suggested that the microbial community structure involved in N cycling was altered by EDU. The relative abundances of nifH-and norB-harboring microbial genera in the rhizosphere responded differently to EDU, suggesting the existence of functional redundancy, which may play a key role in sustaining microbially mediated N-cycling under ambient O3. IMPORTANCE Ethylenediurea (EDU) is hitherto the most efficient phytoprotectant agent against O3 stress. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of its mode of action are not clear, and the effects of EDU on the environment are still unknown, limiting its large-scale application in agriculture. Due to its sensitivity to environmental changes, the microbial community can be used as an indicator to assess the environmental impacts of agricultural practices on soil quality. This study aimed to unravel the effects of EDU spray on the abundance, community structure, and ecological functions of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of rice plants. Our study provides a deep insight into the impact of EDU spray on microbial-mediated N cycling and the structure of N-cycling microbial communities. Our findings help to elucidate the mode of action of EDU in alleviating O3 stress in crops from the perspective of regulating the structure and function of the rhizospheric soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Carvalho MEA, Agathokleous E, Nogueira ML, Brunetto G, Brown PH, Azevedo RA. Neutral-to-positive cadmium effects on germination and seedling vigor, with and without seed priming. J Hazard Mater 2023; 448:130813. [PMID: 36706487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review gathered and analyzed data about (i) the Cd-induced impacts on seed germination and seedling vigor, and (ii) the use of different priming agents to mitigate Cd-induced impacts on the early plant development. Critical evaluation of the obtained data revealed intriguing results. First, seeds of diverse species can endure exposures to Cd. Such endurance is exhibited as maintenance of or even improvement in the seed germination and vigor (up to 15% and 70%, respectively). Second, the main factors influencing seed tolerance to Cd toxicity are related to temporal variations in anatomical, physiological, and/or biochemical features. Third, Cd can trigger diverse transgenerational effects on plants by shaping seed endophytes, by modulating seed provisioning with resources and regulatory elements, and/or by altering seed (epi)genomics. Fourth, different chemical, biological and physical priming agents can mitigate Cd-induced impacts on seeds, sometimes enhancing their performance over the control (reference) values. Overall, this review shows that the impacts of Cd on seed germination and vigor encompass not only negative outcomes but also neutral and positive ones, depending upon the Cd dose, media properties, plant species and genotypes, plant developmental stage and organ, and management approaches. Increasing our understanding of plant tolerance mechanisms against the growing background Cd pollution is relevant to support breeding programs, agricultural practices, and health-environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia E A Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Marina L Nogueira
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Patrick H Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Dhawan V, Manes PK, Calabrese V. Nitric oxide and hormesis. Nitric Oxide 2023; 133:1-17. [PMID: 36764605 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This present paper provides an assessment of the occurrence of nitric oxide (NO)-induced hormetic-biphasic dose/concentration relationships in biomedical research. A substantial reporting of such NO-induced hormetic effects was identified with particular focus on wound healing, tumor promotion, and sperm biology, including mechanistic assessment and potential for translational applications. Numerous other NO-induced hormetic effects have been reported, but require more development prior to translational applications. The extensive documentation of NO-induced biphasic responses, across numerous organs (e.g., bone, cardiovascular, immune, intestine, and neuronal) and cell types, suggests that NO-induced biological activities are substantially mediated via hormetic processes. These observations are particularly important because broad areas of NO biology are constrained by the quantitative features of the hormetic response. This determines the amplitude and width of the low dose stimulation, affecting numerous biomedical implications, study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose spacing, sample sizes, statistical power), and the potential success of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Vikas Dhawan
- Department of Surgery, Indian Naval Ship Hospital, Mumbai, India.
| | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Santin M, Zeni V, Grassi A, Ricciardi R, Pieracci Y, Di Giovanni F, Panzani S, Frasconi C, Agnolucci M, Avio L, Turrini A, Giovannetti M, Ruffini Castiglione M, Ranieri A, Canale A, Lucchi A, Agathokleous E, Benelli G. Do changes in Lactuca sativa metabolic performance, induced by mycorrhizal symbionts and leaf UV-B irradiation, play a role towards tolerance to a polyphagous insect pest? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:56207-56223. [PMID: 36917375 PMCID: PMC10121541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increased ultraviolet radiation (UV) due to the altered stratospheric ozone leads to multiple plant physiological and biochemical adaptations, likely affecting their interaction with other organisms, such as pests and pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and UV-B treatment can be used as eco-friendly techniques to protect crops from pests by activating plant mechanisms of resistance. In this study, we investigated plant (Lactuca sativa) response to UV-B exposure and Funneliformis mosseae (IMA1) inoculation as well as the role of a major insect pest, Spodoptera littoralis. Lettuce plants exposed to UV-B were heavier and taller than non-irradiated ones. A considerable enrichment in phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacity, along with redder and more homogenous leaf color, were also observed in UV-B-treated but not in AMF-inoculated plants. Biometric and biochemical data did not differ between AMF and non-AMF plants. AMF-inoculated plants showed hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles, and spores in their roots. AMF colonization levels were not affected by UV-B irradiation. No changes in S. littoralis-feeding behavior towards treated and untreated plants were observed, suggesting the ability of this generalist herbivore to overcome the plant chemical defenses boosted by UV-B exposure. The results of this multi-factorial study shed light on how polyphagous insect pests can cope with multiple plant physiological and biochemical adaptations following biotic and abiotic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Grassi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Di Giovanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena, Italy
| | - Sofia Panzani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Frasconi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Avio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Ruffini Castiglione
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing University of Information, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E. Nitric oxide, hormesis and plant biology. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161299. [PMID: 36596420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present paper provides the first integrative assessment of the occurrence of nitric oxide (NO) induced hormetic effects in plant biology. Hormetic dose responses were commonly reported for NO donors on numerous plant species of agricultural and other commercial value. The NO donors were also shown to protect plants from a wide range of chemical (i.e., multiple toxic metals) and physical stressors (i.e., heat, drought) in preconditioning (aka priming) experimental protocols showing hormetic dose responses. Practical approaches for the use of NO donors to enhance plant growth using optimized dose response frameworks were also assessed. Considerable mechanistic findings indicate that NO donors have the capacity to enhance a broad range of adaptive responses, including highly integrated antioxidant activities. The integration of the hormesis concept with NO donors is likely to become a valuable practical general strategy to enhance plant productivity across a wide range of valuable plant species facing environmental pollution and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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48
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Calabrese EJ, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Lithium and hormesis: Enhancement of adaptive responses and biological performance via hormetic mechanisms. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127156. [PMID: 36958112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical and consumer interest in the health-promoting properties of pure single entities of known or unknown chemical constituents and mixtures has never been greater. Since its "rediscovery" in the 1950s, lithium is an example of such a constituent that represents an array of scientific and public health challenges and medical potentials that may now be understood best when seen through the lens of the dose-response paradigm known as hormesis. The present paper represents the first review of the capacity of lithium to induce hormetic dose responses in a broad range of biological models, organ systems, and endpoints. Of significance is that the numerous hormetic findings occur with extensive concentration/dose response evaluations with the optimal dosing being similar across multiple organ systems. The particular focus of these hormetic dose-response findings was targeted to research with a broad spectrum of stem cell types and neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest that lithium may have critically valuable systemic effects with respect to those therapeutically treated with lithium as well as for exposures that may be achieved via dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- Saba University School of Medicine, Caribbean, the Netherlands
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center; Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy
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Calabrese E, Pressman P, Agathokleous E, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V. Boron enhances adaptive responses and biological performance via hormetic mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 376:110432. [PMID: 36878460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Boron is shown in the present review to induce hormetic dose responses in a broad range of biological models, organ systems and endpoints. Of particular importance is that numerous hormetic findings have been reported with whole animal studies, with extensive dose response evaluations with the optimal dosing being similar across multiple organ systems. These findings appear to be underappreciated and suggest that boron may have clinically significant systemic effects beyond that of its putative and more subtle essentiality functions. The re-exploration of boron's bioactivity as seen through hormetic mechanisms may also underscore the value of this approach to the assessment of micronutrient effects in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall-Room 201, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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50
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Giordano J, Selby PB. Manhattan Project genetic studies: Flawed research discredits LNT recommendations. Environ Pollut 2023; 319:120902. [PMID: 36566922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reexamines the technical report (∼ one page) of Uphoff and Stern (1949) in Science that was highly relied upon by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR) I Genetics Panel to support a linearity dose response for radiation risk assessment. The present paper demonstrates that research of Uphoff and Stern (1949) to evaluate whether total dose or dose rate best estimated radiation risks included two variables, thereby precluding the ability to accurately derive a reliable conclusion about this topic. Furthermore, the acute dose selected by Uphoff and Stern was given at a strikingly low dose rate that may have precluded the capacity to adequately test the total dose/dose rate hypothesis, even with a proper study design which also this research did not possess. The issue of total dose and dose rate was much later successfully addressed by Russell et al. (1958) using a murine model, yielding a dose-rate rather than a total dose conclusion. The failure to subject the experimental details of the Uphoff and Stern (1949) study to peer-review and publication in the open literature precluded a rigorous and necessary evaluation, profoundly and improperly impacting the adoption of the linear dose response model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Morrill I, N344; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Paul B Selby
- Retired from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 4088 Nottinghill Gate Road; Upper Arlington, OH, 43220, USA.
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