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Makhuvele R, Foubert K, Hermans N, Pieters L, Verschaeve L, Elgorashi E. Hepatoprotective effects of leaf extract of Annona senegalensis against aflatoxin B1 toxicity in rats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2024; 91:e1-e6. [PMID: 38572889 PMCID: PMC11019046 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v91i1.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Global aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities is of the most concern in food safety and quality. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Annona senegalensis against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced toxicity in rats. A. senegalensis has shown to inhibit genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in vitro. The rats were divided into six groups including untreated control, aflatoxin B1 only (negative control); curcumin (positive control; 10 mg/kg); and three groups receiving different doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) of A. senegalensis extract. The rats received treatment (with the exception of untreated group) for 7 days prior to intoxication with aflatoxin B1. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine were measured. Hepatic tissues were analysed for histological alterations. Administration of A. senegalensis extract demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in vivo by significantly reducing the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and regenerating the hepatocytes. No significant changes were observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine for the AFB1 intoxicated group, curcumin+AFB1 and Annona senegalensis leaf extract (ASLE)+AFB1 (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) treated groups. Annona senegalensis is a good candidate for hepatoprotective agents and thus its use in traditional medicine may at least in part be justified.Contribution: The plant extract investigated in this study can be used in animal health to protect the organism from toxicity caused by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhulani Makhuvele
- Department of Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Faculty of Public Health and Zoonoses, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
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Nguyen H, Segers S, Ledent M, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L, Hinsenkamp M, Collard JF, Feipel V, Mertens B. Effects of long-term exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields on cell viability, genetic damage, and sensitivity to mutagen-induced damage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14097. [PMID: 36923833 PMCID: PMC10008985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Until today, it remains controversial whether long-term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) below the legislative exposure limits could result in adverse human health effects. In the present study, the effects of long-term in vitro MF exposure on three different study endpoints (cell viability, genetic damage, and sensitivity to damage induced by known mutagens) were investigated in the human B lymphoblastoid (TK6) cell line. Cells were exposed to 50 Hz MF at three selected magnetic flux densities (i.e., 10, 100, and 500 μT) for different exposure periods ranging from 96h up to 6 weeks. Cell viability following MF exposure was assessed using the ATP-based cell viability assay. Effects of MF exposure on cell genetic damage and cell sensitivity to mutagen-induced damage were evaluated using the in vitro alkaline comet assay and the in vitro cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. The results showed that long-term exposure up to 96h to 50 Hz MF at all tested flux densities could significantly increase TK6 cell viability. In contrast, long-term MF exposure did not affect cell genetic damage, and long-term pre-exposure to MF did not change cell sensitivity to damage induced by known mutagens. At certain time points, statistically significant difference in genotoxicity test results were observed between the MF-exposed cells and the control cells. However, these observations could not be confirmed in the repeat experiments, indicating that they are probably not biologically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Nguyen
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Seppe Segers
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Maryse Ledent
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Maurice Hinsenkamp
- Faculty of Medicine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Veronique Feipel
- Faculty of Medicine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
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3
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Makhuvele R, Foubert K, Hermans N, Pieters L, Verschaeve L, Elgorashi E. Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2022; 89:e1-e6. [PMID: 35384682 PMCID: PMC8991193 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhulani Makhuvele
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary research, Onderstepoort, South Africa; and, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort.
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Elgorashi EE, Eldeen IMS, Makhafola TJ, Eloff JN, Verschaeve L. Genotoxic effects of Dukhan: A smoke bath from the wood of Acacia seyal used traditionally by Sudanese women. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114868. [PMID: 34826541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Smoke from the wood of Acacia seyal Delile has been used by Sudanese women for making a smoke bath locally called Dukhan. The ritual is performed to relieve rheumatic pain, smooth skin, heal wounds and achieve general body relaxation. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of the smoke condensate using cyclooxygenase -1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) as well as its potential genotoxic effects using the bacterial-based Ames test and the mammalian cells-based micronucleus/cytome and comet assays. MATERIAL AND METHODS The smoke was prepared in a similar way to that commonly used traditionally by Sudanese women then condensed using a funnel. Cyclooxygenase assay was used to evaluate its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The neutral red uptake assay was conducted to determine the range of concentrations in the mammalian cells-based assays. The Ames, cytome and comet assays were used to assess its potential adverse (long-term) effects. RESULTS The smoke condensate did not inhibit the cyclooxygenases at the highest concentration tested. All smoke condensate concentrations tested in the Salmonella/microsome assay induced mutation in both TA98 and TA100 in a dose dependent manner. A significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds was observed in the cytome assay as well as in the % DNA damage in the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated a dose dependent genotoxic potential of the smoke condensate in the bacterial and human C3A cells and may pose a health risk to women since the smoke bath is frequently practised. The study highlighted the need for further rigorous assessment of the risks associated with the smoke bath practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam E Elgorashi
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Ibrahim M S Eldeen
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Sudan.
| | - Tshepiso J Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 20539, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Sciensano (Formerly Scientific Institute of Public Health), Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
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Methneni N, González JAM, Van Loco J, Anthonissen R, de Maele JV, Verschaeve L, Fernandez-Serrano M, Mansour HB. Ecotoxicity profile of heavily contaminated surface water of two rivers in Tunisia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 82:103550. [PMID: 33227413 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic and inorganic contaminants generated by industrial effluent wastes poses a threat to the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems and public health. The Khniss and Hamdoun rivers, located in the central-east of Tunisia, receive regularly domestic and textile wastewater load. The present study aimed to survey the water quality of these rivers using physicochemical, analytical and toxicological approaches. In the physicochemical analysis, the recorded levels of COD and TSS in both samples exceed the Tunisian standards. Using the analytical approach, several metals and some textile dyes were detected. Indeed, 17 metals were detected in both samples in varying concentrations, which do not exceed the Tunisian standards. The sources of metals pollution can be of natural and anthropogenic origin. Three textile disperse dyes were detected with high levels compared to other studies: the disperse orange 37 was detected in the Khniss river with a concentration of 6.438 μg/L and the disperse red 1 and the disperse yellow 3 were detected in the Hamdoun river with concentrations of 3.873 μg/L and 1895 μg/L, respectively. Textile activities were the major sources of disperse dyes. For both samples, acute and chronic ecotoxicity was observed in all the studied organisms, however, no genotoxic activity was detected. The presence of metals and textile disperse dyes could be associated with the ecotoxicological effects observed in the river waters, in particular due to the industrial activity, a fact that could deteriorate the ecosystem and therefore threaten the human health of the population living in the study areas. Combining chemical and biological approaches, allowed the detection of water ecotoxicity in testing organisms and the identification of possible contributors to the toxicity observed in these multi-stressed water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosra Methneni
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Verschaeve
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Methneni N, Anthonissen R, Van de Maele J, Trifa F, Verschaeve L, Mansour HB, Mertens B. Assessment of natural coagulants to remediate Tunisian textile wastewater by combining physicochemical, analytical, and toxicological data. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:40088-40100. [PMID: 32656751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity and variability of textile wastewater composition, a constant search for new treatment strategies that are efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective is mandatory. In the present study, the efficiency of coagulation-flocculation using biocoagulants derived from cactus Opuntia ficus indica and eggplant Solanum melongena to remove toxic compounds from Tunisian textile wastewater samples was evaluated by combining assays to investigate physicochemical properties and in vitro (geno)toxicity with analytical chemistry. Both natural coagulants could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the textile wastewater samples compared to the traditionally used chemical coagulant. The highest rate of decolorization was achieved after treatment with the cactus-derived coagulant. The analytical study revealed the presence of only crystal violet dye (CV) in only one sample. Both natural coagulants were able to remove CV, which may (partially) explain the decolorization of the treated samples. Only one untreated textile effluent induced a genotoxic response in the VITOTOX® assay. The genotoxic effect was not linked to the presence of CV and was no longer observed after treatment with each of the natural coagulants, suggesting the effectiveness of the remediation treatments to remove potentially genotoxic compound(s). However, in the other genotoxicity tests, no biologically relevant effects were observed for any of the tested samples. In conclusion, although the physicochemical data indicate that the use of natural coagulants (cactus and eggplant) could be an interesting alternative treatment process to the chemical coagulant for detoxifying textile effluents, these results were only partially supported by the toxicological and analytical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosra Methneni
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jolien Van de Maele
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatma Trifa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Nguyen H, Ledent M, Beauvois V, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L, Collard JF, Hinsenkamp M, Feipel V, Mertens B. In vitro 50 Hz magnetic field long-term exposure: Cytogenetic tests on human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells and validation of the test environment. MethodsX 2020; 7:101071. [PMID: 33088726 PMCID: PMC7558212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential health effects of extremely low-frequency (electro)magnetic fields (ELF-(E)MFs) have long been investigated, but the results are still inconclusive. With respect to genotoxicity, sound data related to the effects of long-term exposure to ELF-(E)MFs on the genetic material and the impact of long-term pre-exposure to ELF-(E)MFs on the sensitivity of cells to the damage induced by known mutagens are needed. In this manuscript, an optimized protocol for a combined in vitro comet/micronucleus study to investigate these effects in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) is provided including the description of a well-validated exposure system. Furthermore, the use of a shielding system to limit background ELF-MFs inside the incubator is described as well.Optimized protocols for cytogenetic tests with ELF-MFs on TK6 cells ensure the reproducibility of test results. Validation of exposure environment and exposure system are needed prior to performing tests with ELF-MFs. A simple, but effective method to shield cells and reduce unintentional ELF-MF exposure consists of using the mu-metal cylinder. This is of particular interest when studying the effects of low exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Nguyen
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Belgium.,Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maryse Ledent
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Belgium
| | | | - Roel Anthonissen
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Mertens
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Belgium
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Ledent M, Vatovez B, Pirard W, Bordarie J, Prignot N, Oftedal G, Geuzaine C, Beauvois V, Bouland C, Verschaeve L, Dieudonné M. Co‐Designed Exposure Protocol in the Study of Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:425-437. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willy Pirard
- Institut Scientifique de Service Public Liège Belgium
| | - Jimmy Bordarie
- Quality of Life and Psychological Health University Institute of Technology of Tours (IUT Tours) Tours France
| | | | - Gunnhild Oftedal
- Department of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Christophe Geuzaine
- Applied and Computational Electromagnetics Unit, School of Engineering University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Véronique Beauvois
- Applied and Computational Electromagnetics Unit, School of Engineering University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Catherine Bouland
- Ecole de Santé publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Maël Dieudonné
- Max Weber Center Institut des Sciences de l'Homme Lyon France
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Vanderstraeten J, Verschaeve L. Biological effects of radiofrequency fields: Testing a paradigm shift in dosimetry. Environ Res 2020; 184:109387. [PMID: 32182484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological effects have been reproducibly reported in rodents exposed to radiofrequency fields (RF) without significant change of the body temperature. These observations relaunch the controversial question of non-thermal effects of RF. If true, such effects would imply to consider RF energy absorption/interaction in tissues, not as volume-averaged, but locally down to the microscale, which is of potential consequence in particular at frequencies beyond 3 GHz. We propose study protocols to explore that question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Vanderstraeten
- Environmental and Work Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Service Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Foster KR, Miyakoshi J, Verschaeve L. Comments on the "Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Male and Female Rats and Mice Following Subchronic Exposure" by Smith-Roe et al. Environ Mol Mutagen 2020; 61:291-293. [PMID: 31883146 DOI: 10.1002/em.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Foster
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Junji Miyakoshi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Service Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Zarev Y, Naessens T, Theunis M, Elgorashi E, Apers S, Ionkova I, Verschaeve L, Pieters L, Hermans N, Foubert K. In vitro antigenotoxic activity, in silico ADME prediction and protective effects against aflatoxin B 1 induced hepatotoxicity in rats of an Erythrina latissima stem bark extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110768. [PMID: 31479712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem bark of Erythrina latissima E. Mey (Leguminosae) contains a wide range of prenylated flavonoids able to counteract the genotoxic properties of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Thus, the hypothesis was raised that E. latissima stem bark extracts (ELBE) may counteract the in vivo hepatotoxic effects of aflatoxins, contaminants in food and feed. An HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated to determine the level of flavonoid aglycones (11.82%) and glycosides (16.17%). ADME, pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness assessment of major flavonoids of ELBE, using the web tool SwissADME, showed good oral bioavailability. The protective effect of ELBE against AFB1 induced genotoxicity in the Vitotox assay after metabolic activation was confirmed (IC50 of 44.32 μg/ml), followed by evaluation of its inhibitory effect on hepatotoxicity in rats induced by the same agent. Male Wistar rats were orally treated with ELBE (20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) or curcumin (500 mg/kg) combined with piperine (20 mg/kg) - positive control, for 8 days prior to AFB1 exposure (1 mg/kg). The ELBE group showed a decreased activity of ALP and γ-GT compared to the AFB1 group. Histopathological examination of the liver demonstrated ameliorative effects of ELBE. Thus, ELBE could have a protective effect against hepatotoxins such as AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancho Zarev
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Str. Dunav 2, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tania Naessens
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mart Theunis
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Esameldin Elgorashi
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Food, Feed and Veterinary Public Health, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Iliana Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Str. Dunav 2, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Risk Assessment, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Foster KR, Simkó M, Verschaeve L. Confronting Risk of Bias in RF Bioeffects Research. Comments on Two Papers by Vijayalaxmi and Prihoda. Radiat Res 2019; 192:363-366. [PMID: 31393822 DOI: 10.1667/rr15478.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Foster
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Myrtill Simkó
- SciProof-International AB, Vaktpoststigen, 831 32 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Service Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Edziri H, Jaziri R, Chehab H, Verschaeve L, Flamini G, Boujnah D, Hammami M, Aouni M, Mastouri M. A comparative study on chemical composition, antibiofilm and biological activities of leaves extracts of four Tunisian olive cultivars. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01604. [PMID: 31193420 PMCID: PMC6529682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. is one of the most important fruit trees in Tunisia because of its content of many potentially bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, antibiofilm, antiradical and acethylcholinesterase inhibitory activities from four Tunisian cultivars of Olea europaea L., i.e. ‘Chetoui’, ‘Meski’, ‘Oueslati’ and ‘Jarboui’. By means of standardized methods, total phenols were determined and some of them characterized by HPLC. The total phenols and flavonoids contents were found to be the highest in the leaves of Chetoui cultivar. The Chetoui cultivar exhibited an important antioxidant and anticholinesterasic activity and an important anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli, with percentages of inhibition comprised between 83 and 93% at 2xMIC values. Olive leaves extracts could be used in the control of bacterial biofilms in food and food-related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Edziri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Jaziri
- Department of Healthcare Services and Hospital Management, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hechmi Chehab
- Institut of Olive Sousse, B.P.40 Ibn Khaldoun, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Sciensano, Risk and Health Impact Assessment Service, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dalenda Boujnah
- Institut of Olive Sousse, B.P.40 Ibn Khaldoun, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, UR Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Makhuvele R, Foubert K, Apers S, Pieters L, Verschaeve L, Elgorashi E. Antimutagenic constituents from Monanthotaxis caffra (Sond.) Verdc. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:976-984. [PMID: 29633259 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monanthotaxis caffra (Sond.) Verdc. (Annonaceae) has been reported to possess antitumoural properties. Preliminary screening showed that the crude methanolic leaf extract had strong antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1 -induced mutagenicity. The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the antimutagenic properties of the active constituents from M. caffra. METHODS Different chromatographic, spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques were used for the isolation and identification of the antimutagenic constituents. The antimutagenic effect of the extract and compounds was evaluated using Ames, Vitotox and Comet assays. KEY FINDINGS Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic leaf extract yielded two antimutagenic compounds identified as (+)-crotepoxide and 5,6-diacetoxy1-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. Crotepoxide had strong antimutagenicity in the Vitotox assay with an IC50 value of 131 μg/ml. 5,6-Diacetoxy-1-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene showed strong antimutagenic activity in the Ames assay with an IC50 value of 348.9 μg/plate and no antimutagenic activity in the Vitotox test. Furthermore, the compound was able to inhibit, block or prevent biotransformation of aflatoxin B1 by repressing the proteins involved in transcription. CONCLUSIONS Crotepoxide and 5,6-diacetoxy-1-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene have the potential to mitigate the risks arising from consumption of aflatoxin B1 -contaminated food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhulani Makhuvele
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Esameldin Elgorashi
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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15
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Ates G, Mertens B, Heymans A, Verschaeve L, Milushev D, Vanparys P, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Rogiers V, Doktorova TY. A novel genotoxin-specific qPCR array based on the metabolically competent human HepaRG™ cell line as a rapid and reliable tool for improved in vitro hazard assessment. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1593-1608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Tahrani L, Mehri I, Reyns T, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L, Khalifa ABH, Loco JV, Abdenaceur H, Mansour HB. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics in pharmaceutical effluent in Tunisia: ecotoxicological impact and multi-resistant bacteria dissemination. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:553-565. [PMID: 29230492 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The UPLC MS/MS analysis showed the presence of the two antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry discharges during 3 months; norfloxacin and spiramycin which were quantified with the mean concentrations of 226.7 and 84.2 ng mL-1, respectively. Sixteen resistant isolates were obtained from the pharmaceutical effluent and identified by sequencing. These isolates belong to different genera, namely Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, Shewanella, and Rheinheimera. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of these isolates were determined (27 tested antibiotics-discs). All the studied isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin and gentamicin, and 83.33% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistances were revealed against β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides families. Our overall results suggest that the obtained bacterial isolates may constitute potential candidates for bioremediation and can be useful for biotechnological applications. Genotoxic effects were assessed by a battery of biotests; the pharmaceutical wastewater was genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test and micronuclei test. Genotoxicity was also evaluated by the comet test; the tail DNA damages reached 38 and 22% for concentrated sample (10×) and non-concentrated sample (1×), respectively. However, the histological sections of kidney and liver's mice treated by pharmaceutical effluent showed normal histology and no visible structural effects or alterations as cytolysis, edema, or ulcerative necrosis were observed. Residual antibiotics can reach water environment through wastewater and provoke dissemination of the antibiotics resistance and induce genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Tahrani
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", Monastir University, 5100, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Mehri
- Laboratoire Traitement et recyclage des eaux, Centre de recherche et technologie des eaux, Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Tim Reyns
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassen Abdenaceur
- Laboratoire Traitement et recyclage des eaux, Centre de recherche et technologie des eaux, Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", Monastir University, 5100, Monastir, Tunisia.
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17
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Tahrani L, Van Loco J, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L, Ben Mansour H, Reyns T. Identification and risk assessment of human and veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plants and the adjacent sea in Tunisia. Water Sci Technol 2017; 76:3000-3021. [PMID: 29210687 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the following study, we came up with and validated a prompt, sensitive and precise method for the simultaneous determination of 56 antimicrobial drugs (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, β-lactams, macrolides and quinolones) using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This method was implemented with success to determine antibiotics in samples collected from four wastewater treatment plants and five coasts in Tunisia. Results showed the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics that ranged from 0.1 to 646 ng mL-1, which can induce many negative impacts on health and the environment. For this reason, we have opted to evaluate toxicity of wastewater samples using a battery of biotests. In fact, genotoxicity was assessed using three tests: Vitotox, comet and micronucleus assays. The input and output of wastewater treatment plants induced a strongly genotoxic effect on the Salmonella typhimurium TA104 prokaryotic Vitotox assay. This result was confirmed using the comet and the micronucleus assays performed on the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The genotoxic power of the tested wastewater treatment plants' samples could be attributed to the presence of the higher quantities of antibiotics that are detected in these samples and to the antibiotic and organic compound cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Tahrani
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia E-mail: ; Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia E-mail:
| | - Tim Reyns
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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18
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Zarev Y, Foubert K, Naessens T, Ionkova I, Elgorashi E, Verschaeve L, Pieters L, Apers S. Quantification of antigenotoxic flavonoids in the stem bark of Erythrina latissima by an HPLC-UV method. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zarev
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T Naessens
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - I Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - E Elgorashi
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine; Food, Feed and Veterinary Public Health, ARC-Ondertsepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - L Verschaeve
- Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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19
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Torfs E, Vajs J, de Macedo MB, Cools F, Vanhoutte B, Gorbanev Y, Bogaerts A, Verschaeve L, Caljon G, Maes L, Delputte P, Cos P, Košmrlj J, Cappoen D. Synthesis and in vitro investigation of halogenated 1,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)triazenide salts as antitubercular compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:631-640. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Torfs
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jure Vajs
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Maíra Bidart de Macedo
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Freya Cools
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bieke Vanhoutte
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Yury Gorbanev
- Research Group PLASMANT; Department of Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT; Department of Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Program Toxicology; O.D. Public Health and Surveillance; Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene); Brussels Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Davie Cappoen
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH); S7; Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
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20
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Makhafola TJ, Elgorashi EE, McGaw LJ, Awouafack MD, Verschaeve L, Eloff JN. Isolation and characterization of the compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity of Combretum microphyllum (Combretaceae) leaf extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:446. [PMID: 28874162 PMCID: PMC5585923 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations play a major role in the pathogenesis and development of several chronic degenerative diseases including cancer. It follows, therefore that antimutagenic compound may inhibit the pathological process resulting from exposure to mutagens. Investigation of the antimutagenic potential of traditional medicinal plants and compounds isolated from plant extracts provides one of the tools that can be used to identify compounds with potential cancer chemopreventive properties. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise the compounds responsible for the antimutagenic activity of Combretum microphyllum. METHODS The methanol leaf extract of C. microphyllum was evaluated for antimutagenicity in the Ames/microsome assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. TA100 and TA102. Solvent-solvent fractionation was used to partition the extracts and by using bioassay-guided fractionation, three compounds were isolated. The antimutagenic activity of the three compounds were determined in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102. The antioxidant activity of the three compounds were determined by the quantitative 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging method. The cytotoxicity was determined in the MTT assay using human hepatocytes. RESULTS A bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extracts for antimutagenic activity led to the isolation of three compounds; n-tetracosanol, eicosanoic acid and arjunolic acid. Arjunolic acid was the most active in all three tested strains with a antimutagenicity of 42 ± 9.6%, 36 ± 1.5% and 44 ± 0.18% in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102 respectively at the highest concentration (500 μg/ml) tested, followed by eicosanoic acid and n-tetracosanol. The antioxidant activity of the compounds were determined using the quantitative 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging method. Only arjunolic acid had pronounced antioxidant activity (measured as DPPH-free scavenging activity) with an EC50 value of 0.51 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds were determined in the MTT assay using human hepatocytes. The compounds had low cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested with LC50 values >200 μg/ml for n-tetracosanol and eicosanoic acid and 106.39 μg/ml for arjunolic acid. CONCLUSIONS Based on findings from this study, compounds in leaf extracts of C. microphyllum protected against 4-NQO and MMC induced mutations as evident in the Ames test. The antimutagenic activity of arjunolic acid may, at least in part, be attributed to its antioxidant activity resulting in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species produced during mutagenesis.
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21
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Zarev Y, Foubert K, Lucia de Almeida V, Anthonissen R, Elgorashi E, Apers S, Ionkova I, Verschaeve L, Pieters L. Antigenotoxic prenylated flavonoids from stem bark of Erythrina latissima. Phytochemistry 2017; 141:140-146. [PMID: 28614730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of prenylated flavonoids was obtained from antigenotoxic extracts and fractions of stem bark of Erythrina latissima E. Mey (Leguminosae). In addition to five constituents never reported before, i.e. (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)chroman-4-one (erylatissin D), (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)chroman-4-one (erylatissin E), 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one (erylatissin F), (2S)-5,7,8'-trihydroxy-2',2'-dimethyl-[2,6'-bichroman]-4-one (erylatissin G) and (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-8'-methoxy-2',2'-dimethyl-[2,6'-bichroman]-4-one (dihydroabyssinin I), 18 known flavonoids were identified. Evaluation of the antigenotoxic properties (against genotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1, metabolically activated) in the Vitotox assay revealed that most flavonoids were active. Sigmoidin A and B showed the highest activity, with an IC50 value of 18.7 μg/mL, equivalent to that of curcumin (IC50 18.4 μg/mL), used as a reference antigenotoxic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancho Zarev
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Str. Dunav 2, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Lucia de Almeida
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esameldin Elgorashi
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Food, Feed and Veterinary Public Health, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Iliana Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Str. Dunav 2, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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de Macedo MB, Kimmel R, Urankar D, Gazvoda M, Peixoto A, Cools F, Torfs E, Verschaeve L, Lima ES, Lyčka A, Milićević D, Klásek A, Cos P, Kafka S, Košmrlj J, Cappoen D. Design, synthesis and antitubercular potency of 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:491-500. [PMID: 28689097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a 50-membered library of substituted 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones and two closely related analogues was designed, scored in-silico for drug likeness and subsequently synthesized. Thirteen derivatives, all sharing a common 3-phenyl substituent showed minimal inhibitory concentrations against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra below 10 μM and against Mycobacterium bovis AN5A below 15 μM but were inactive against faster growing mycobacterial species. None of these selected derivatives showed significant acute toxicity against MRC-5 cells or early signs of genotoxicity in the Vitotox™ assay at the active concentration range. The structure activity study relation provided some insight in the further favourable substitution pattern at the 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold and finally 6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (38) was selected as the most promising member of the library with a MIC of 3.2 μM and a CC50 against MRC-5 of 67.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Bidart de Macedo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), S7, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roman Kimmel
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 275, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonio Peixoto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPBS, UMR 5089, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Univ. Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Freya Cools
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), S7, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eveline Torfs
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), S7, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Univeristy of Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Campos de Jordão, 6200, Coroado, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové III, Czech Republic
| | - David Milićević
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 275, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Klásek
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 275, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), S7, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Kafka
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 275, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Davie Cappoen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), S7, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Mertens B, Van Bossuyt M, Fraselle S, Blaude MN, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Verschaeve L, Van Hoeck E. Coatings in food contact materials: Potential source of genotoxic contaminants? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:496-505. [PMID: 28583787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Up till now, no harmonized EU regulation exists on chemicals used in coatings for food contact materials (FCM). Therefore, these substances need to comply with the general provisions of EU Regulation 1935/2004 and, if present, with national legislation. Different 'inventory lists' of compounds that might be present in coatings are available, but for hundreds of these substances, the potential human health impact of their use in FCM coatings has not (recently) been evaluated. Since detailed evaluation of all compounds is not feasible, a pragmatic approach was developed to identify substances with a potential concern for human health. First, an inventory was assembled containing all substances potentially used in coatings. Afterwards, the genotoxic potential of the non-evaluated substances was predicted in silico using two structure-activity relationship (SAR) software programs. For substances yielding structural alerts in both models, genotoxicity data were collected from previous European evaluations in a non-FCM context and from the European CHemicals Agency (ECHA) website. In total, 53 substances were identified as genotoxic in both in silico models, of which ten were considered to be of high concern. For most of the substances, additional toxicological information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mertens
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M Van Bossuyt
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Fraselle
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M N Blaude
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Vanhaecke
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Rogiers
- In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Verschaeve
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - E Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
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Chen J, Lü H, Fang LX, Li WL, Verschaeve L, Wang ZT, De Kimpe N, Mangelinckx S. Detection and Toxicity Evaluation of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Medicinal PlantsGynura bicolorandGynura divaricataCollected from Different Chinese Locations. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany; Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing 210014 P. R. China
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 BE-9000 Ghent
| | - Han Lü
- Institute of Botany; Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing 210014 P. R. China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm; Nanjing 210014 P. R. China
| | - Lian-Xiang Fang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Li
- Institute of Botany; Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing 210014 P. R. China
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 BE-2610 Wilrijk
- Toxicology Unit; Scientific Institute of Public Health; J. Wytsmanstreet 14 BE-1050 Brussels
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 BE-9000 Ghent
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 BE-9000 Ghent
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Verschaeve L. [Not Available]. Rev Med Brux 2017; 38:68-69. [PMID: 28525244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Verschaeve L, Edziri H, Anthonissen R, Boujnah D, Skhiri F, Chehab H, Aouni M, Mastouri M. In vitro Toxicity and Genotoxic Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extracts From Four Varieties of Olea europea (L). Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S63-S68. [PMID: 28479728 PMCID: PMC5407118 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.203980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Despite its therapeutic value almost nothing is known about potential adverse health effects of Olea europea L. We therefore investigated the in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity of leaf extracts of this plant. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extracts from olive tree leaves were obtained from four different regions in Tunisia. We investigated the in vitro toxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of their aqueous extracts using the neutral red (NR) uptake, Vitotox and alkaline comet assays. RESULTS None of the extracts were found to be toxic and none of them were genotoxic, although some doubt exists for the extract obtained at Meski (North of Tunisia). On the basis of the Vitotox test only, none of the extracts appeared to have antigenotoxic (or cogenotoxic) properties. DISCUSSION The negative genotoxicity underline the safe use of the leaves, for example, as hypoglycemic and antidiabetic preparations. Lack of antigenotoxicity may indicate that the previously reported anticancer effects do not result from protection against genotoxicity. HIGHLIGHTS We investigated the in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of olivesThe neutral Red Uptake test, Vitotox and alkaline comet assay were usedLeaf extracts from 4 different origins were investigatedNone of them showed in vitro toxicity or genotoxicityThe extracts also didn't have antigenotoxic properties Abbreviation list: BaP: benzo(α)pyrene, EMS: ethyl methane sulfonate, LMP: low melting point, NI50: 50% inhibition of NRU, NR: neutral red, NRU: neutral red uptake, OD: optical density, PBS: phosphate buffer saline, SDS: sodium dodecyl sulphate, S/N: signal to noise ratio, 4NQO: 4-nitroquinoline oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Verschaeve
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hayet Edziri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Toxicology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fethia Skhiri
- Laboratory of Genetic Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Chehab
- The Olive Tree Institute, Sousse Resort, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
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Makhafola TJ, Elgorashi EE, McGaw LJ, Verschaeve L, Eloff JN. The correlation between antimutagenic activity and total phenolic content of extracts of 31 plant species with high antioxidant activity. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:490. [PMID: 27899116 PMCID: PMC5129238 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimutagenic activity of plant extracts is important in the discovery of new, effective cancer preventing agents. There is increasing evidence that cancer and other mutation-related diseases can be prevented by intake of DNA protective agents. The identification of antimutagenic agents present in plants presents an effective strategy to inhibit pathogenic processes resulting from exposure to mutagenic and/or carcinogenic substances present in the environment. There are no reports on the antimutagenic activities of the plant species investigated in this study. Many mutations related to oxidative stress and DNA damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been identified in numerous human syndromes. Oxidative DNA damage plays a significant role in mutagenesis, cancer, aging and other human pathologies. Since oxidative DNA damage plays a role in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases, the decrease of the oxidative stress could be the best possible strategy for prevention of these diseases. Antioxidant compounds can play a preventative role against mutation-related diseases, and thus have potential antimutagenic effects. Methods The number of antioxidant compounds present in methanol leaf extracts of 120 plant species was determined using a combination of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and spraying with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The 31 most promising extracts were selected for further assays. The quantitative antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging spectrophotometric assay. Total phenolic contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. The mutagenicity of 31 selected extracts was determined in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The antimutagenicity of the plant extracts against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) was also determined using the Ames test. Results Of the 120 plant extracts assayed qualitatively, 117 had some antioxidant activity. The selected 31 extracts contained well defined antioxidant compounds. These species had good DPPH free radical antioxidant activity with EC50 values ranging from 1.20 to 19.06 μg/ml. Some of the plant extracts had higher antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The total phenolic contents ranged from 5.17 to 18.65 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g plant extract). The total phenolic content of the plant extracts correlated well with the respective antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. No plant extract with good antioxidant activity had mutagenic activity. Several extracts had antimutagenic activity. The percentage inhibition of 4-NQO ranged from 0.8 to 77% in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and from 0.8 to 99% in strain TA100. There was a direct correlation between the presence of antioxidant activity and antimutagenic activity of the plant extracts. Although no plant extract had mutagenic activity on its own, some of the plant extracts enhanced the mutagenicity of 4-NQO, a phenomenon referred to as comutagenicity. Conclusions Some of the plant extracts investigated in this study had potential antimutagenic activities. The antimutagenic activities may be associated with the presence of antioxidant polyphenols in the extracts. From the results plant extracts were identified that were not mutagenic, not cytotoxic and that may be antimutagenic in the Ames test. For most plant extracts, at the highest concentration used (5 mg/ml), the level of antimutagenicity was below the recommended 45% to conclude whether plants have good antimutagenic activity. However, in most screening studies for antimutagenesis, a 20% decrease in the number of revertants must be obtained in order to score the extract as active. Psoralea pinnata L. had the highest percentage antimutagenicity recorded in this study (76.67 and 99.83% in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 respectively) at assayed concentration of 5 mg/ml. The results indicate that investigating antioxidant activity and the number of antioxidant compounds in plant extracts could be a viable option in searching for antimutagenic compounds in plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1437-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Akremi N, Cappoen D, Anthonissen R, Bouraoui A, Verschaeve L. Evaluation of the Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Semipurified Fractions from the Mediterranean Brown Algae, Dictyopteris membranacea. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S395-S399. [PMID: 27761065 PMCID: PMC5068114 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.188318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyopteris membranacea, a species of Mediterranean brown algae, is believed to have potential pharmacological and nutritional applications. However, such potentials only make sense when devoid of any adverse health consequences. The present study should be seen in this context. It aimed at evaluating the genotoxicity and cytoxicity of its organic extract (F0) and semi purified fractions (F4, F5, and F6). Extracts were tested using the bacterial Vitotox® test and micronucleus assay in different concentrations (from 1.25 μg/mL up to 100 μg/mL, depending on the test and the extract). Applied concentrations were based on a preliminary dose-finding test with the neutral red uptake assay. The results show that all extracts were not genotoxic in the presence or absence of a rat metabolic enzyme fraction (S9). This is encouraging and justifies further investigations on the therapeutic and other values of this algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Akremi
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Davie Cappoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Toxicology Unit, O.D. Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Verschaeve
- Toxicology Unit, O.D. Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Maes A, Anthonissen R, Wambacq S, Simons K, Verschaeve L. The Cytome Assay as a Tool to Investigate the Possible Association Between Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields and an Increased Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:741-9. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Maes
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Toxicology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Toxicology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sheleen Wambacq
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Toxicology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Simons
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Health and Environment Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Toxicology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mertens B, Simon C, Van Bossuyt M, Onghena M, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Demaegdt H, Van Hoeck E, Van Loco J, Vandermeiren K, Covaci A, Scippo ML, Elskens M, Verschaeve L. Investigation of the genotoxicity of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles to identify chemicals of high concern. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:126-37. [PMID: 26802677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the worldwide concern that bisphenol A might act as an endocrine disruptor, alternative materials for polycarbonate (PC) have been introduced on the European market. However, PC-replacement products might also release substances of which the toxicological profile--including their genotoxic effects--has not yet been characterized. Because a thorough characterization of the genotoxic profile of all these substances is impossible in the short term, a strategy was developed in order to prioritize those substances for which additional data are urgently needed. The strategy consisted of a decision tree using hazard information related to genotoxicity. The relevant information was obtained from the database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), in silico prediction tools (ToxTree and Derek Nexus(TM)) and the in vitro Vitotox(®) test for detecting DNA damage. By applying the decision tree, substances could be classified into different groups, each characterized by a different probability to induce genotoxic effects. Although none of the investigated substances could be unequivocally identified as genotoxic, the presence of genotoxic effects could neither be excluded for any of them. Consequently, all substances require more data to investigate the genotoxic potential. However, the type and the urge for these data differs among the substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mertens
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Coraline Simon
- Department of Food Science, University of Liège, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium
| | - Melissa Van Bossuyt
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Onghena
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Demaegdt
- CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Els Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vandermeiren
- CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Department of Food Science, University of Liège, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Verschaeve L, Wambacq S, Anthonissen R, Maes A. Co-exposure of ELF-magnetic fields and chemical mutagens: An investigation of genotoxicity with the SOS-based VITOTOX test in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2016; 795:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Verschaeve L. Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity Studies of Traditional Medicinal Plants: How Informative and Accurate are the Results? Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1489-1493. [PMID: 26434148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity studies of (traditional medicinal) plants are important from a risk assessment point of view and in the search for new medication against, for example, cancer. It is clear yet that attention should be paid to a number of aspects that may influence the outcome of a study and to which often no or insufficient attention is paid. A short overview is given of such aspects that deserve more attention.
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Abstract
Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity studies of (traditional medicinal) plants are important from a risk assessment point of view and in the search for new medication against, for example, cancer. It is clear yet that attention should be paid to a number of aspects that may influence the outcome of a study and to which often no or insufficient attention is paid. A short overview is given of such aspects that deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Verschaeve
- Toxicology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Vanderstraeten J, Burda H, Verschaeve L, De Brouwer C. Could Magnetic Fields Affect the Circadian Clock Function of Cryptochromes? Testing the Basic Premise of the Cryptochrome Hypothesis (ELF Magnetic Fields). Health Phys 2015; 109:84-89. [PMID: 26011501 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that weak 50/60 Hz [extremely low frequency (ELF)] magnetic fields (MF) could affect circadian biorhythms by disrupting the clock function of cryptochromes (the "cryptochrome hypothesis," currently under study). That hypothesis is based on the premise that weak (Earth strength) static magnetic fields affect the redox balance of cryptochromes, thus possibly their signaling state as well. An appropriate method for testing this postulate could be real time or short-term study of the circadian clock function of retinal cryptochromes under exposure to the static field intensities that elicit the largest redox changes (maximal "low field" and "high field" effects, respectively) compared to zero field. Positive results might encourage further study of the cryptochrome hypothesis itself. However, they would indicate the need for performing a similar study, this time comparing the effects of only slight intensity changes (low field range) in order to explore the possible role of the proximity of metal structures and furniture as a confounder under the cryptochrome hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Vanderstraeten
- *Research Center on Environmental Health and Work Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 593, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; †Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany; ‡Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; §Scientific Institute of Public Health, Section of Toxicology, Rue J. Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels; **University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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Rashed K, Anthonissen R, Cappoen D, Verschaeve L. Phytochemical Composition and Potential Genotoxic effects of Important Egyptian Medicinal Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/pc.2015.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Light ME, Anthonissen R, Maes A, Verschaeve L, Pošta M, Van Staden J. Genotoxicity testing of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one, a compound from plant-derived smoke with germination inhibitory activity. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2015; 778:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Claes P, Cappoen D, Uythethofken C, Jacobs J, Mertens B, Mathys V, Verschaeve L, Huygen K, De Kimpe N. 2,4-Dialkyl-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenzo[g]pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinoline-1,3,7,12(2H,4H)-tetraones as new leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:409-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cappoen D, Claes P, Jacobs J, Anthonissen R, Mathys V, Verschaeve L, Huygen K, De Kimpe N. 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11-octahydrobenzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-diones as new leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2895-907. [PMID: 24611928 DOI: 10.1021/jm401735w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a worldwide health problem with over 1.4 million deaths each year. Despite efforts to develop more effective vaccines, more reliable diagnostics, and chemotherapeutics, tuberculosis remains a threat to global health, fueled by the HIV pandemic and the rapid generation of drug resistance. The exploration of novel drugs to serve as a companion drug for existing drugs is of paramount importance. As part of our program to design new 2-aza-anthraquinones with antimycobacterial activity, various tetrahydro- and octahydrobenzo[j]phenanthridinediones were synthesized. These compounds showed high in vitro potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of TB and against other clinically relevant mycobacterial species at submicromolar concentrations. The susceptibility of a multidrug resistant strain toward these compounds and their ability to target intracellular replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis was demonstrated. Next to the acute toxicity, the genotoxicity of these compounds was investigated. Often overlooked in studies, genotoxicity could be dismissed for the investigated compounds, making them a promising scaffold in TB drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davie Cappoen
- Service Immunology, O.D. Communicable & Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Ukkel), Engelandstraat 642, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium
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Claes P, Cappoen D, Mbala BM, Jacobs J, Mertens B, Mathys V, Verschaeve L, Huygen K, De Kimpe N. Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of analogues of the bioactive natural products sampangine and cleistopholine. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vanderstraeten J, Verschaeve L, Burda H, Bouland C, de Brouwer C. Health effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields: reconsidering the melatonin hypothesis in the light of current data on magnetoreception. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:952-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Vanderstraeten
- Research Center on Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health; Université Libre de Bruxelles; CP 593, Route de Lennik 808; 1070; Brussels; Belgium
| | | | | | - Catherine Bouland
- Research Center on Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health; Université Libre de Bruxelles; CP 593, Route de Lennik 808; 1070; Brussels; Belgium
| | - Christophe de Brouwer
- Research Center on Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health; Université Libre de Bruxelles; CP 593, Route de Lennik 808; 1070; Brussels; Belgium
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Edziri H, Mastouri M, Mahjoub MA, Mighri Z, Mahjoub A, Verschaeve L. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of two flavonoids from Retama raetam flowers. Molecules 2012; 17:7284-93. [PMID: 22695233 PMCID: PMC6268215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of two flavonoids isolated from Retama raetam flowers using the disc diffusion and micro-dilution broth methods. The cytotoxic activity was tested against Hep-2 cells using the MTT assay. The compounds licoflavone C (1) and derrone (2) were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (7.81-15.62 μg/mL) and showed important antifungal activity. Strong antifungal activity against Candida species (7.81 μg/mL) was for example found with compound 2. The tested compounds also showed strong cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells. These two compounds may be interesting antimicrobial agents to be used against infectious diseases caused by many pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Edziri
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (H.E.); (A.M.)
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie C H U Fattouma BOURGUIBA, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (M.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Mahjoub
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèse Organique 99/UR/12-26, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Zine Mighri
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie C H U Fattouma BOURGUIBA, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (M.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Aouni Mahjoub
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (H.E.); (A.M.)
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Division of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
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Verschaeve L, Mertens B, Ndhlala AR, Anthonissen R, Gorissen B, Van Staden J. Investigation into the genotoxicity of water extracts from Hypoxis species and a commercially available Hypoxis preparation. Phytother Res 2012; 27:350-6. [PMID: 22592975 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We performed an in vitro evaluation of the genotoxic potential of water extracts from four Hypoxis species (Hypoxis hemerocallidea, H. colchicifolia, H. rigidula, H. acuminata) and a commercial preparation thereof using the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, the alkaline comet assay and the cytome assay in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The relative cytotoxicity of these samples was established by determining their NI50 values (50% inhibition of NRU), and these results were used for dose-finding in genotoxicity tests. None of the tested extracts were identified as genotoxic in both the alkaline comet assay and cytome assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Verschaeve
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abdillahi HS, Verschaeve L, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:728-738. [PMID: 22155396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocarpus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity testing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI(50) values (50% inhibition of NRU). RESULTS The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest-lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was 38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. CONCLUSION Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima S Abdillahi
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
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Maes A, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L. Testing chemical agents with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Folia Biol (Praha) 2012; 58:215-220. [PMID: 23249641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the applicability of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in routine mutagenicity testing we investigated with this method different chemicals having different mechanisms of action: non-mutagens, direct-acting basealtering mutagens, direct-acting cross-linking mutagens, clastogens including a radiomimetic chemical, indirect-acting spindle poisons and indirect-acting enzyme inhibitors. We looked at the presence of micronuclei as biomarkers for either the loss of chromosome fragments (clastogen) or the loss of a whole chromosome (aneugen), nucleoplasmic bridges as biomarkers for complex rearrangements (e.g., dicentric chromosomes) and nuclear buds as biomarkers for gene amplification. The cytome assay proved to be a suitable tool to investigate genetic effects of environmental agents and to provide insight into their working mechanisms as all chemicals tested showed the expected response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maes
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, O.D. Public Health and Surveillance, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brussels, Belgium
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Cappoen D, Jacobs J, Nguyen Van T, Claessens S, Diels G, Anthonissen R, Einarsdottir T, Fauville M, Verschaeve L, Huygen K, De Kimpe N. Straightforward palladium-mediated synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-diones as anti-tuberculosis agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 48:57-68. [PMID: 22182928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 1991, WHO recognized the resurgence of tuberculosis as a global health problem. Although modern chemotherapy is effective against the causative pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the current drug regimens have failed to eradicate the disease. The success of the pathogen, partially attributed to drug resistance, necessitates the development of novel anti-tuberculosis drugs. Benzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-diones, tetracyclic derivatives of the natural product benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione, were conveniently synthesized via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of N-methanesulfonyl-3-bromo-2-(arylamino)methyl-1,4-naphthoquinones. Here we report on the bioactivity of eight benzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-dione derivatives as candidate drug molecules against M. tuberculosis and on their cytotoxicity on C3A human hepatocytes. The strongest antimicrobial activity (as detected by growth inhibition of bacteria, using luminometry and BACTEC 460-TB) and lowest cytotoxicity was found for 3-methylbenzo[j]phenanthridine-7,12-dione 5e, which was also effective in targeting intracellular M. tuberculosis (in murine J774 macrophages) and was not genotoxic for C3A hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davie Cappoen
- Service Immunology, O.D. Communicable & Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Ukkel), Engelandstraat 642, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium
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Maes A, Verschaeve L. Can cytogenetics explain the possible association between exposure to extreme low-frequency magnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease? J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:81-7. [PMID: 21935970 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of epidemiological studies have suggested that occupational as well as residential exposure to extreme low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. This is not proven yet and there are no known biological mechanisms to explain this alleged association. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a number of events that have, at least partially, a genetic origin. In particular, trisomy of chromosomes 17 and 21 seems to be involved. Overall ELF-EMFs have not been identified as genotoxic agents, but there are some papers in the scientific literature that indicate that they may enhance the effects of agents that are known to induce mutations or tumors. There are also some indications that ELF-EMFs may induce aneuploïdy. This opens some perspectives for investigating the alleged association between ELF-EMFs and Alzheimer's. This paper reviews the possibility of a cytogenetic association between the electromagnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Maes
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Anthonissen R, Maes A, Verschaeve L. Genotoxicity of ELF—Magnetic fields tested with the bacterial VITOTOX® test. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chichioco-Hernandez C, Wudarski J, Gevaert L, Verschaeve L. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some Philippine medicinal plants. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 7:171-5. [PMID: 21716927 PMCID: PMC3113359 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.80683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxicity and toxicity of ethnomedicinal Philippine plants, which include Cassia fistula, Derris elliptica, Ficus elastica, Gliciridia sepium, Michelia alba, Morus alba, Pogostemon cablin and Ricinus communis, were tested using the Vitotox assay. The plants are used traditionally to treat several disorders like diabetes, weakness, menorrhagia, headache, toothache and rheumatism. The dried leaves were homogenized for overnight soaking in methanol at room temperature. The resulting alcoholic extracts were filtered and concentrated in vacuo and tested for their genotoxicity and cytotoxicity using Vitotox®. Results showed that the medicinal plants that were tested are not genotoxic nor cytotoxic, except for R. communis and P. cablin, which showed toxicity at high doses (low dilutions) in the absence of S9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chichioco-Hernandez
- Bioorganic and Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Belgium
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Verschaeve L, Anthonissen R, Grudniewska M, Wudarski J, Gevaert L, Maes A. Genotoxicity investigation of ELF-magnetic fields in Salmonella typhimurium with the sensitive SOS-based VITOTOX test. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:580-4. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Verschaeve L, Juutilainen J, Lagroye I, Miyakoshi J, Saunders R, de Seze R, Tenforde T, van Rongen E, Veyret B, Xu Z. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of radiofrequency fields. Mutat Res 2010; 705:252-68. [PMID: 20955816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing concern about the possibility of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to radiofrequency radiations (RFR), such as those emitted by wireless communication devices. Since the introduction of mobile phones many studies have been conducted regarding alleged health effects but there is still some uncertainty and no definitive conclusions have been reached so far. Although thermal effects are well understood they are not of great concern as they are unlikely to result from the typical low-level RFR exposures. Concern rests essentially with the possibility that RFR-exposure may induce non-thermal and/or long-term health effects such as an increased cancer risk. Consequently, possible genetic effects have often been studied but with mixed results. In this paper we review the data on alleged RFR-induced genetic effects from in vitro and in vivo investigations as well as from human cytogenetic biomonitoring surveys. Attention is also paid to combined exposures of RFR with chemical or physical agents. Again, however, no entirely consistent picture emerges. Many of the positive studies may well be due to thermal exposures, but a few studies suggest that biological effects can be seen at low levels of exposure. Overall, however, the evidence for low-level genotoxic effects is very weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Verschaeve
- O.D. Public Health & Surveillance, Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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