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Yang ZH, Ou JH, Dong CD, Chen CW, Lin WH, Kao CM. Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using KMnO 4 oxidation: laboratory and field-scale studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34027-34038. [PMID: 30232775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct laboratory bench and column experiments to determine the oxidation kinetics and optimal operational parameters for trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater remediation using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as oxidant and (2) to conduct a pilot-scale study to assess the efficiency of TCE remediation by KMnO4 oxidation. The controlling factors in laboratory studies included soil oxidant demand (SOD), molar ratios of KMnO4 to TCE, KMnO4 decay rate, and molar ratios of Na2HPO4 to KMnO4 for manganese dioxide (MnO2) production control. Results show that a significant amount of KMnO4 was depleted when it was added in a soil/water system due to the existence of natural soil organic matters. The presence of natural organic material in soils can exert a significant oxidant demand thereby reducing the amount of KMnO4 available for the destruction of TCE as well as the overall oxidation rate of TCE. Supplement of higher concentrations of KMnO4 is required in the soil systems with high SOD values. Higher KMnO4 application resulted in more significant H+ and subsequent pH drop. The addition of Na2HPO4 could minimize the amount of produced MnO2 particles and prevent the clogging of soil pores, and TCE oxidation efficiency would not be affected by Na2HPO4. To obtain a complete TCE removal, the amount of KMnO4 used to oxidize TCE needs to be higher than the theoretical molar ratio of KMnO4 to TCE based on the stoichiometry equation. Relatively lower oxidation rates are obtained with lower initial TCE concentrations. The half-life of TCE decreased with increased KMnO4 concentrations. Results from the pilot-scale study indicate that a significant KMnO4 decay occurs after the injection due to the reaction of KMnO4 with soil organic matters, and thus, the amount of KMnO4, which could be transported from the injection point to the downgradient area, would be low. The effective influence zone of the KMnO4 oxidation was limited to the KMnO4 injection area (within a 3-m radius zone). Migration of KMnO4 to farther downgradient area was limited due to the reaction of KMnO4 to natural organic matters. To retain a higher TCE removal efficiency, continuous supplement of high concentrations of KMnO4 is required. The findings would be useful in designing an in situ field-scale ISCO system for TCE-contaminated groundwater remediation using KMnO4 as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Han Yang
- Apollo Technology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung City, 80248, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hau Ou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan.
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Omoike AI, Harmon D. Slow-releasing permanganate ions from permanganate core-manganese oxide shell particles for the oxidative degradation of an algae odorant in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:391-398. [PMID: 30797162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, potassium permanganate particles (KMnO4) were modified with a manganese oxide (MnOx) shell comprising passages for the slow release of permanganate ions (MnO4-) in aquatic systems. The bare particle (KMnO4) and KMnO4 core-MnOx shell particles (CP-60) were characterized by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CP-60 were evaluated as a slow source of MnO4- for the oxidative treatment of pure and lake water containing dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), a water odorant produced by cyanobacteria in many eutrophic waters. XPS and ATR-FTIR results confirmed the presence of MnOx surface shell (diameter ∼ 1 μm) on CP-60. SEM images revealed cracks on CP-60, which serve as outlets for MnO4-. Approximately 0.76 ± 0.07 g KMnO4/g of CP-60 was released from the core of CP-60 after 120 min. The CP-60 degraded 88.9 ± 2.5% and 70.8 ± 6.3% of DMTS in pure water and lake water matrix within 120 min, respectively. The degradation was slightly more effective than the degradation using aqueous KMnO4 (74.2%) reported in literature. The release kinetics of the particles is consistent with a pseudo-first order equation with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.97 in pure water and lake water matrix, respectively. The CP could serve as low cost slow-release particles for the degradation of micropollutants, even in cyanobacteria laden water. Notably, the in situ MnOx formed during the KMnO4 oxidation reaction can facilitate adsorption of organics and metal ions, improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm I Omoike
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate 800 University Way, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA.
| | - Dustin Harmon
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate 800 University Way, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA
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Xu S, Wang W, Zhu L. Enhanced microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by chemical oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1293-1300. [PMID: 30759569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical oxidation and microbial degradation are promising treatments to remediate soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants. Moderate pre-oxidation is able to enhance the subsequent bioremediation of organic pollutants in soil. In this study, the effects of pre-oxidation on the subsequent biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were evaluated. The tested oxidants included potassium permanganate (PP) and iron-activated sodium persulfate (PS) at the concentration of 1-40 mmol L-1. The results showed that 20 mmol L-1 PS and 10 mmol L-1 PP treatments had the highest degradation efficiency of BaP in soil, up to 98.7% and 84.2%, without inhibiting subsequent microbial degradation. 10-20 mmol L-1 of the two oxidants significantly promoted viability of microbial community. Especially, PS facilitated the occurrence of more PAHs-degrading microorganisms. The expression of PAH-degradation gene in PS treatment was significantly higher than that in PP treatment (P < 0.05), leading to 12.0-18.4% higher degradation efficiencies of BaP. In general, proper oxidants of moderate dosages were able to promote microbial bioremediation of persistent organic pollutants in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Yang W, Qiu Z, Zhao Z, Lu S, Sui Q, Gu X. To postpone the precipitation of manganese oxides in the degradation of tetrachloroethylene by controlling the permanganate concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:34-41. [PMID: 27149929 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1184320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release permanganate (CRP) is a relatively new technology used to treat contaminated groundwater. This study tested the encapsulation of permanganate using stearic acid to realize controlled-release properties. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of manganese oxides (MnO2) in the reaction between CRP and the contaminant of interest: tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The results showed that higher ionic strengths (I = 0.1 mol/L) cause earlier precipitation of MnO2 colloids. Using CRP to degrade PCE could decrease the amount of MnO2 colloids produced and postpone precipitation compared to raw potassium permanganate (KMnO4) under high ionic strength conditions by controlling the KMnO4 concentration in the solution. The amount of MnO2 colloids produced and the time of precipitation depended more on the CRP grain size than on the CRP mass ratio. Controlling the KMnO4 concentration used in the reaction could control the formation of MnO2 precipitates in the premise of guarantee the removal rate of PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- a State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhaofu Qiu
- a State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhexuan Zhao
- a State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- a State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Qian Sui
- a State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaogang Gu
- a State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
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Nosuhi M, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A. Voltammetric determination of trace amounts of permanganate at a zeolite modified carbon paste electrode. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel sensitive, simple and fast method is suggested for indirect voltammetric determination of permanganate in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahare Nosuhi
- Department of Chemistry
- Shahreza Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Shahreza, Isfahan
- Iran
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Yang S, Oostrom M, Truex MJ, Li G, Zhong L. Injectable silica-permanganate gel as a slow-release MnO4(-) source for groundwater remediation: rheological properties and release dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:256-264. [PMID: 26766607 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Injectable slow-release permanganate gels (ISRPGs), formed by mixing aqueous KMnO4 solution with fumed silica powders, may have potential applications in remediating chlorinated solvent plumes in groundwater. A series of batch, column, and two-dimensional (2-D) flow cell experiments has been completed to characterize the ISRPG and study the release of permanganate (MnO4(-)) under a variety of conditions. The experiments have provided information on ISRPG rheology, MnO4(-) release dynamics and distribution in porous media, and trichloroethene (TCE) destruction by the ISRPG-released oxidant. The gel possesses shear thinning characteristics, resulting in a relatively low viscosity during mixing, and facilitating subsurface injection and distribution. Batch tests clearly showed that MnO4(-) diffused out from the ISRPG into water. During this process, the gel did not dissolve or disperse into water, but rather maintained its initial shape. Column experiments demonstrated that MnO4(-) release from the ISRPG lasted considerably longer than that from an aqueous solution. In addition, due to the longer release duration, TCE destruction by ISRPG-released MnO4(-) was considerably more effective than that when MnO4(-) was delivered using aqueous solution injection. In the 2-D flow cell experiments, it was demonstrated that ISRPGs released a long-lasting, low-concentration MnO4(-) plume potentially sufficient for sustainable remediation in aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - M Oostrom
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - M J Truex
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - G Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Zhong
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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