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Sharafi R, Salehi Jouzani G, Karimi E, Ghanavati H, Kowsari M. Integrating bioprocess and metagenomics studies to enhance humic acid production from rice straw. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:173. [PMID: 38630379 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rice straw burning annually (millions of tons) leads to greenhouse gas emissions, and an alternative solution is producing humic acid with high added-value. This study aimed to examine the influence of a microbial consortium and other additives (chicken manure, urea, olive mill waste, zeolite, and biochar) on the composting process of rice straw and the subsequent production of humic acid. Results showed that among the fungal species, Thermoascus aurantiacus exhibited the most prominent impact in expediting maturation and improving compost quality, and Bacillus subtilis was the most abundant bacterial species based on metagenomics analysis. The highest temperature, C/N ratio reduction, and amount of humic acid production (Respectively in lab 61 °C, 54.67%, 298 g kg-1 and in pilot level 65 °C, 72.11%, 310 g kg-1) were related to treatments containing these microorganisms and other additives except urea. Consequently, T. aurantiacus and B. subtilis can be employed on an industrial scale as compost additives to further elevate quality. Functional analysis showed that the bacterial enzymes in the treatments had the highest metabolic activities, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism compared to the control. The maximum enzymatic activities were in the thermophilic phase in treatments which were significantly higher than that in the control. The research emphasizes the importance of identifying and incorporating enzymatically active strains that are suitable for temperature conditions, alongside the native strains in decomposing materials. This strategy significantly improves the composting process and yields high-quality humic acid during the thermophilic phase.
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Grants
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sharafi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Hosein Ghanavati
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Mojegan Kowsari
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
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2
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Cao Y, Bai M, Han B, Butterly C, Hu H, He J, Griffith DWT, Chen D. NH 3 and greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of lignite and poultry wastes and the following amendment of co-composted products in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38379449 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2306799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are substantial contributors to C and N loss in composting. Lignite can increase N retention by absorbing N H 4 + and NH3. However, the effects of co-composting on NH3 and GHG emissions in view of closing nutrient cycle are still poorly investigated. In the study, poultry litter was composted without (CK) or with lignite (T1) or dewatered lignite (T2), and their respective composts N H 4 + Com_CK, Com_T1, and Com_T2) were tested in a soil incubation to assess NH3 and GHG emission during composting and following soil utilization. The cumulative NH3 flux in T1 and T2 were reduced by 39.3% and 50.2%, while N2O emissions were increased by 7.5 and 15.6 times, relative to CK. The total GHG emission in T2 was reduced by 16.8% compared to CK. Lignite addition significantly increased nitrification and denitrification as evidenced by the increased abundances of amoA, amoB, nirK, and nirS. The increased reduction on NH3 emission by dewatered lignite could be attributed to reduced pH and enhanced cation exchangeable capacity than lignite. The increased N2O was related to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. In the soil incubation experiment, compost addition reduced NH3 emission by 72%∼83% while increased emissions of CO2 and N2O by 306%∼740% and 208%∼454%, compared with urea. Com_T2 strongly reduced NH3 and GHG emissions after soil amendment compared to Com_CK. Overall, dewatered lignite, as an effective additive, exhibits great potential to simultaneously mitigate NH3 and GHG secondary pollution during composting and subsequent utilization of manure composts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Bai
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bing Han
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clayton Butterly
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hangwei Hu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jizheng He
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W T Griffith
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Deli Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Fang C, Su Y, Zhuo Q, Wang X, Ma S, Zhan M, He X, Huang G. Responses of greenhouse gas emissions to aeration coupled with functional membrane during industrial-scale composting of dairy manure: Insights into bacterial community composition and function. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130079. [PMID: 37993066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure management processes deserve more attention. Using three industrial-scale experiments, this study comprehensively evaluated the effects of different aeration coupled with semi-permeable membrane-covered strategies on the structure and function of bacterial communities and their impact on GHG emissions during dairy manure aerobic composting. The succession of the bacterial communities tended to be consistent for similar aeration strategies. Ruminiclostridium and norank_f__MBA03 were significantly positively correlated with the methane emission rate, and forced aeration coupled with semi-permeable membrane-covered decreased GHG emissions by inhibiting these taxa. Metabolism was the most active function of the bacterial communities, and its relative abundance accounted for 75.69%-80.23%. The combined process also enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Therefore, forced aeration coupled with semi-permeable membrane-covered represented a novel strategy for reducing global warming potential by regulating the structure and function of the bacterial communities during aerobic composting of dairy manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya Su
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qianting Zhuo
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Muqing Zhan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Xueqin He
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Huo XJ, Chen MJ, Zhou JL, Zheng CL. Potassium-rich mining waste addition can shorten the composting period by increasing the abundance of thermophilic bacteria during high-temperature periods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6027. [PMID: 37055422 PMCID: PMC10101976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional compost sludge has a long fermentation period and is not nutrient rich. Potassium-rich mining waste was used as an additive for aerobic composting of activated sludge to make a new sludge product. The effects of different feeding ratios of potassium-rich mining waste and activated sludge on the physicochemical properties and thermophilic bacterial community structure during aerobic composting were investigated. The results showed that potassium-rich waste minerals contribute to the increase in mineral element contents; although the addition of potassium-rich waste minerals affected the peak temperature and duration of composting, the more sufficient oxygen content promoted the growth of thermophilic bacteria and thus shortened the overall composting period. Considering the requirements of composting temperature, it is recommended that the addition of potassium-rich waste minerals is less than or equal to 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Huo
- Inner Mongolia Research Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Min-Jie Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Evaluation and Restoration in the Mining Ecological Environments, Inner Mongolia University of Science and& Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jian-Lin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Evaluation and Restoration in the Mining Ecological Environments, Inner Mongolia University of Science and& Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chun-Li Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, Shang Hai, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Evaluation and Restoration in the Mining Ecological Environments, Inner Mongolia University of Science and& Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Nordahl S, Preble CV, Kirchstetter TW, Scown CD. Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from Composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2235-2247. [PMID: 36719708 PMCID: PMC9933540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Composting can divert organic waste from landfills, reduce landfill methane emissions, and recycle nutrients back to soils. However, the composting process is also a source of greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. Researchers, regulators, and policy decision-makers all rely on emissions estimates to develop local emissions inventories and weigh competing waste diversion options, yet reported emission factors are difficult to interpret and highly variable. This review explores the impacts of waste characteristics, pretreatment processes, and composting conditions on CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, and VOC emissions by critically reviewing and analyzing 388 emission factors from 46 studies. The values reported to date suggest that CH4 is the single largest contributor to 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) for yard waste composting, comprising approximately 80% of the total GWP100. For nitrogen-rich wastes including manure, mixed municipal organic waste, and wastewater treatment sludge, N2O is the largest contributor to GWP100, accounting for half to as much as 90% of the total GWP100. If waste is anaerobically digested prior to composting, N2O, NH3, and VOC emissions tend to decrease relative to composting the untreated waste. Effective pile management and aeration are key to minimizing CH4 emissions. However, forced aeration can increase NH3 emissions in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
L. Nordahl
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chelsea V. Preble
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas W. Kirchstetter
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D. Scown
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biosciences
Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint
BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Energy
& Biosciences Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Li X, Liu X, Zhang K, Luo H, Pu A, Zhuang D, Jiang B, Li M, Chen W, Fan L, Qing J, Zhang X, Chen F, Zhang X. Controlling methane emissions from Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands by using potassium peroxymonosulfate as oxidant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116444. [PMID: 36283168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to reduce global warming. In this study, a new attempt of one oxidant (potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS)) was made to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) by adding different mass of (0 g, 31.25 g, 62.5 g, 125 g, 250 g and 500 g) for the reduction of methane emissions from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW), where the IVCW system has been divided into the root-water system and the stem-leaf system of methane emissions. Results show that the reduced CH4 emission from IVCW was the highest with decreased by 43.5% compared to blank group (PMS = 0), when adding 125 g PMS. Importantly, the reduced CH4 from the root-water system of IVCW was higher than that of the stem-leaf system of IVCW, when adding PMS. It's found that Eh not only has a significant correlation with CH4 flux, but also has a significant relationship between PMS quality, DO, water temperature and sampling time (yEh = -0.44XPMS + 6.82XDO + 0.38t - 264.1, R2 = 0.99). It concludes that PMS, as an oxidant, is a very feasible method for controlling methane emissions from IVCW. It's concluded from this study that it is a feasible engineering method by using PMS as an oxidant for reducing methane emissions from IVCWs when treating artificial domestic sewage. Further research may combine other methods together such as microbiology, physical control and hydrology control for mitigating the CH4 emissions from constructed wetlands for more types of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- Department of Ecology Engineering and Torism, Henan Forestry Vocational College, Luoyang, 471002, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Information Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Aiping Pu
- Southwest Investment &Development Company Co., Ltd., 7th Division of CSCEC, Chengdu, 610095, China
| | - Daiwei Zhuang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Jing Qing
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Fenghui Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Martínez-Avila O, Llenas L, Ponsá S. Sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoates production via solid-state fermentation: Influence of the operational parameters and scaling up of the process. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Malinowski M, Famielec S. Impact of Biochar Addition and Air-Flow Rate on Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Emitted Gases from Aerobic Biostabilization of Waste. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051771. [PMID: 35269003 PMCID: PMC8911222 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Application of additives to waste may influence the course of the biostabilization process and contribute to its higher effectiveness, as well as to a reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia (NH3) emission from this process. This paper presents research on the impact of biochar addition on the course of the biostabilization process of an undersized fraction from municipal solid waste (UFMSW) in terms of temperature changes, CO2 concentration in the exhaust gases, NH3 emission from the process, as well as changes in the carbon and nitrogen content in the processed waste. Six different biochar additives and three different air-flow rates were investigated for 21 days. It was found that biochar addition contributes to extending the thermophilic phase duration (observed in the case of the addition of 3% and 5% of biochar). The concentration of CO2 in exhaust gases was closely related to the course of temperature changes. The highest concentration of CO2 in the process gases (approx. 18–19%) was recorded for the addition of 10% and 20% of biochar at the lowest air-flow rate applied. It was found that the addition of 3% or a higher amount of biochar reduces nitrogen losses in the processed UFMSW and reduces NH3 emission by over 90% compared to the control.
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Zhang S, Wang J, Chen X, Gui J, Sun Y, Wu D. Industrial-scale food waste composting: Effects of aeration frequencies on oxygen consumption, enzymatic activities and bacterial community succession. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124357. [PMID: 33166884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial-scale composting of food waste (FW) was performed at different aeration frequencies (C_5_25: 5 min aeration + 25 min interval, C_10_20: 10 min aeration + 20 min interval, C_15_15: 15 min aeration + 15 min interval and CK: stuffiness) to ascertain the optimal aeration frequency to accomplish polymerization and humification of compost. The tested aeration frequencies affected the oxygen uptake rate, oxygen spatial distribution, and ultimately influenced the humification of compost. Extensive aeration was not beneficial to accumulate nitrogen and phosphorus during composting. Aeration frequency influenced the succession of bacterial community primarily through affecting O2 concentration and the release of various enzymes by these bacteria. Regulating O2 concentration by adjusting aeration strategies may provide guidance for accelerating maturity of composting. Considering various factors, this paper recommends the scheme of heating period (C_5_25), thermophilic period (C_15_15) and psychrophilic period (no aeration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jingli Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiaxi Gui
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Donglei Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) versus Submerged Fermentation (SmF) for the Recovery of Cellulases from Coffee Husks: A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Based Comparison. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article studies the environmental impacts of cellulase production by using a comparative attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of two different scenarios of production. The first one is the commonly used submerged fermentation (SmF) using a pure substrate (cellulose powder) and a specific microorganism (Trichoderma reesei). The second scenario considers a novel system to produce enzymes and simultaneously treat a waste using the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process of coffee husk (CH) used as substrate. Experimental data were used in this scenario. The complete production process was studied for these two technologies including the fermentation phase and the complete downstream of cellulase. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data were collected from the database EcoInvent v3 (SimaPro 8.5) modified by data from literature and pilot scale experiments. The environmental impacts of both production systems revealed that those of SmF were higher than those of SSF. A sensitivity analysis showed that the results are highly conditioned by the energy use in the form of electricity during lyophilization, which is needed in both technologies. The results point to a possible alternative to produce the cellulase enzyme while reducing environmental impacts.
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11
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Yang B, Ma Y, Xiong Z. Effects of different composting strategies on methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide emissions and nutrient loss during small-scale anaerobic composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:446-455. [PMID: 30406585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Composting is considered as one of the main sustainable methods for the treatment of livestock manure. In this study we investigated the effects of additives (urea and rice straw) on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using a traditional Chinese pig slurry composting method over an 81-day period, as well as examining total organic carbon and total nitrogen loss. Four common treatment strategies were examined in this study: a control (MC), urea nitrogen addition (MN), composting using rice straw cover (MScover), and compost mixed with rice straw (MSmix). Our results indicate that the addition of urea resulted in the lowest total CH4 emissions and the highest N2O emissions. MScover treatment had the highest and most significant effect on CH4 emissions, while MSmix treatment had the lowest CO2 emissions. Carbon lost through CH4 and CO2 released during the experiment was 0.1-0.9 and 2.4-3.9% of total carbon loss, respectively, and nitrogen lost through N2O release was 11.1-17.9% of total nitrogen. In general, although MSmix, MScover, and MN treatments increased global warming potential by 21.4, 41.6, and 50.9% per kg of pig slurry, respectively, no statistical differences between the four treatments were recorded. By considering carbon and nitrogen conservation, as well as the improvement of the quality of compost and the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the small-scale composting method of pig slurry alone is an acceptable environmentally friendly strategy for use in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuchun Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqin Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Liu X, Zhang K, Fan L, Luo H, Jiang M, Anderson BC, Li M, Huang B, Yu L, He G, Wang J, Pu A. Intermittent micro-aeration control of methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland during agricultural domestic wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24426-24444. [PMID: 29909533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to mitigate global warming. An intermittent micro-aeration control system was used to control methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) to treat agricultural domestic wastewater pollution in this study. The optimized intermittent micro-aeration conditions were a 20-min aeration time and 340-min non-aeration time, 3.9 m3 h-1 aeration intensity, evenly distributed micro-aeration diffusers at the tank bottom, and an aeration period of every 6 h. Methane flux emission by intermittent micro-aeration was decreased by 60.7% under the optimized conditions. The average oxygen transfer efficiency was 26.73%. The control of CH4 emission from IVCWs was most strongly influenced by the intermittent micro-aeration diffuser distribution, followed by aeration intensity, aeration time, and water depth. Scaling up of IVCWs is feasible in rural areas by using intermittent micro-aeration control as a mitigation measure for methane gas emissions for climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Mingshu Jiang
- Sichuan Company of China Post Insurance, Chengdu, 610016, China
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Guozhu He
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aiping Pu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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13
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Zeng J, Yin H, Shen X, Liu N, Ge J, Han L, Huang G. Effect of aeration interval on oxygen consumption and GHG emission during pig manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:214-220. [PMID: 29174898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To verify the optimal aeration interval for oxygen supply and consumption and investigate the effect of aeration interval on GHG emission, reactor-scale composting was conducted with different aeration intervals (0, 10, 30 and 50 min). Although O2 was sufficiently supplied during aeration period, it could be consumed to <10 vol% only when the aeration interval was 50 min, indicating that an aeration interval more than 50 min would be inadvisable. Compared to continuous aeration, reductions of the total CH4 and N2O emissions as well as the total GHG emission equivalent by 22.26-61.36%, 8.24-49.80% and 12.36-53.20%, respectively, was achieved through intermittent aeration. Specifically, both the total CH4 and N2O emissions as well as the total GHG emission equivalent were inversely proportional to the duration of aeration interval (R2 > 0.902), suggesting that lengthening the duration of aeration interval to some extent could effectively reduce GHG emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zeng
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongjie Yin
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuli Shen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinyi Ge
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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14
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Stegenta S, Dębowski M, Bukowski P, Randerson PF, Białowiec A. The influence of perforation of foil reactors on greenhouse gas emission rates during aerobic biostabilization of the undersize fraction of municipal wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:355-365. [PMID: 29182980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The opinion, that the use of foil reactors for the aerobic biostabilization of municipal wastes is not a valid method, due to vulnerability to perforation, and risk of uncontrolled release of exhaust gasses, was verified. This study aimed to determine the intensity of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere from the surface of foil reactors in relation to the extent of foil surface perforation. Three scenarios were tested: intact (airtight) foil reactor, perforated foil reactor, and torn foil reactor. Each experimental variant was triplicated, and the duration of each experiment cycle was 5 weeks. Temperature measurements demonstrated a significant decrease in temperature of the biostabilization in the torn reactor. The highest emissions of CO2, CO and SO2 were observed at the beginning of the process, and mostly in the torn reactor. During the whole experiment, observed emissions of CO, H2S, NO, NO2, and SO2 were at a very low level which in extreme cases did not exceed 0.25 mg t-1.h-1 (emission of gasses mass unit per waste mass unit per unit time). The lowest average emissions of greenhouse gases were determined in the case of the intact reactor, which shows that maintaining the foil reactors in an airtight condition during the process is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Stegenta
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Dębowski
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Boilers, Combustion and Energy Processes, 27 Wyb. Wyspiańskiego Str., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Bukowski
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Peter F Randerson
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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He X, Chen L, Han L, Liu N, Cui R, Yin H, Huang G. Evaluation of biochar powder on oxygen supply efficiency and global warming potential during mainstream large-scale aerobic composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:309-317. [PMID: 28898825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of biochar powder on oxygen supply efficiency and global warming potential (GWP) in the large-scale aerobic composting pattern which includes cyclical forced-turning with aeration at the bottom of composting tanks in China. A 55-day large-scale aerobic composting experiment was conducted in two different groups without and with 10% biochar powder addition (by weight). The results show that biochar powder improves the holding ability of oxygen, and the duration time (O2>5%) is around 80%. The composting process with above pattern significantly reduce CH4 and N2O emissions compared to the static or turning-only styles. Considering the average GWP of the BC group was 19.82% lower than that of the CK group, it suggests that rational addition of biochar powder has the potential to reduce the energy consumption of turning, improve effectiveness of the oxygen supply, and reduce comprehensive greenhouse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin He
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longjian Chen
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruxiu Cui
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongjie Yin
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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16
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Mejias L, Komilis D, Gea T, Sánchez A. The effect of airflow rates and aeration mode on the respiration activity of four organic wastes: Implications on the composting process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 65:22-28. [PMID: 28396169 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the airflow and of the aeration mode on the composting process of non-urban organic wastes that are found in large quantities worldwide, namely: (i) a fresh, non-digested, sewage sludge (FSS), (ii) an anaerobically digested sewage sludge (ADSS), (iii) cow manure (CM) and (iv) pig sludge (PS). This assessment was done using respirometric indices. Two aeration modes were tested, namely: (a) a constant air flowrate set at three different initial fixed airflow rates, and (b) an oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-controlled airflow rate. The four wastes displayed the same behaviour namely a limited biological activity at low aeration, while, beyond a threshold value, the increase of the airflow did not significantly increase the dynamic respiration indices (DRI1 max, DRI24 max and AT4). The threshold airflow rate varied among wastes and ranged from 42NL air kg-1DMh-1 for CM and from 67 to 77NL air kg-1DMh-1 for FSS, ADSS and PS. Comparing the two aeration modes tested (constant air flow, OUR controlled air flow), no statistically significant differences were calculated between the respiration activity indices obtained at those two aeration modes. The results can be considered representative for urban and non-urban organic wastes and establish a general procedure to measure the respiration activity without limitations by airflow. This will permit other researchers to provide consistent results during the measurement of the respiration activity. Results indicate that high airflows are not required to establish the maximum respiration activity. This can result in energy savings and the prevention of off-gas treatment problems due to the excessive aeration rate in full scale composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mejias
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ge J, Huang G, Huang J, Zeng J, Han L. Particle-Scale Modeling of Methane Emission during Pig Manure/Wheat Straw Aerobic Composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4374-4383. [PMID: 27045933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient aerobic composting techniques significantly contribute to the atmospheric methane (CH4) levels. Macro-scale models assuming completely aerobic conditions cannot be used to analyze CH4 generation in strictly anaerobic environments. This study presents a particle-scale model for aerobic pig manure/wheat straw composting that incorporates CH4 generation and oxidation kinetics. Parameter estimation revealed that pig manure is characterized by high CH4 yield coefficient (0.6414 mol CH4 mol(-1) Cman) and maximum CH4 oxidation rate (0.0205 mol CH4 kg(-1) VS(aero) h(-1)). The model accurately predicted CH4 emissions (R(2) = 0.94, RMSE = 2888 ppmv, peak time deviation = 0 h), particularly in the self-heating and cooling phases. During mesophilic and thermophilic stages, a rapid increase of CH4 generation (0.0130 mol CH4 kg(-1) VS h(-1)) and methanotroph inactivation were simulated, implying that additional measures should be performed during these phases to mitigate CH4 emissions. Furthermore, CH4 oxidation efficiency was related to oxygen permeation through the composting particles. Reducing the ambient temperature and extending the aeration duration can decrease CH4 emission, but the threshold temperature is required to trigger the self-heating phase. These findings provide insights into CH4 emission during composting and may inform responsible strategies to counteract climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Ge
- Laboratory of Biomass & Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University , (East Campus), Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Laboratory of Biomass & Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University , (East Campus), Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Biomass & Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University , (East Campus), Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianfei Zeng
- Laboratory of Biomass & Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University , (East Campus), Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass & Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University , (East Campus), Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Cesaro A, Russo L, Farina A, Belgiorno V. Organic fraction of municipal solid waste from mechanical selection: biological stabilization and recovery options. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1565-1575. [PMID: 26377969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although current trends address towards prevention strategies, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste is greatly produced, especially in high-income contexts. Its recovery-oriented collection is a common practice, but a relevant portion of the biodegradable waste is not source selected. Mechanical and biological treatments (MBT) are the most common option to sort and stabilize the biodegradable matter ending in residual waste stream. Following the changes of the framework around waste management, this paper aimed at analyzing the quality of the mechanically selected organic waste produced in MBT plants, in order to discuss its recovery options. The material performance was obtained by its composition as well as by its main chemical and physical parameters; biological stability was also assessed by both aerobic and anaerobic methods. On this basis, the effectiveness of an aerobic biostabilization process was assessed at pilot scale. After 21 days of treatment, results proved that the biomass had reached an acceptable biostabilization level, with a potential Dynamic Respirometric Index (DRIP) value lower than the limit required for its use as daily or final landfill cover material. However, the final stabilization level was seen to be influenced by scaling factors and the 21 days of treatment turned to be not so adequate when applied in the existing full-scale facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cesaro
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Lara Russo
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Farina
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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