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Yang W, Bu Q, Shi Q, Zhao R, Huang H, Yang L, Tang J, Ma Y. Emerging Contaminants in the Effluent of Wastewater Should Be Regulated: Which and to What Extent? TOXICS 2024; 12:309. [PMID: 38787088 PMCID: PMC11125804 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Effluent discharged from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major source of emerging contaminants (ECs) requiring effective regulation. To this end, we collected discharge datasets of pharmaceuticals (PHACs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), representing two primary categories of ECs, from Chinese WWTP effluent from 2012 to 2022 to establish an exposure database. Moreover, high-risk ECs' long-term water quality criteria (LWQC) were derived using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. A total of 140 ECs (124 PHACs and 16 EDCs) were identified, with concentrations ranging from N.D. (not detected) to 706 μg/L. Most data were concentrated in coastal regions and Gansu, with high ecological risk observed in Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, and Hong Kong. Using the assessment factor (AF) method, 18 high-risk ECs requiring regulation were identified. However, only three of them, namely carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and bisphenol-A, met the derivation requirements of the SSD method. The LWQC for these three ECs were determined as 96.4, 1010, and 288 ng/L, respectively. Exposure data for carbamazepine and bisphenol-A surpassed their derived LWQC, indicating a need for heightened attention to these contaminants. This study elucidates the occurrence and risks of ECs in Chinese WWTPs and provides theoretical and data foundations for EC management in urban sewage facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qianhui Shi
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Ruiqing Zhao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China (Q.S.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Alarie H, Côté N, Gaudreau L, Houde M, Segura PA. Are 20-hydroxyecdysone and related genes potential biomarkers of sublethal exposure to lipid-altering contaminants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:126104-126115. [PMID: 38010540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In Daphnia magna, 20-hydroecdysone (20E) is the main molting hormone and its metabolism is of interest to identify new biomarkers of exposure to contaminants. The present study aimed to (i) assess baseline levels of 20E and transcription levels of four related-genes (shade, neverland, ultraspiracle, and ecdysteroid receptor); and (ii) evaluate effects in D. magna after 21 days of exposure to fenarimol (anti-ecdysteroid) and a mixture of gemfibrozil and clofibric acid (lipid-lowering drugs) at sublethal concentrations. Endpoints included transcription of the target genes and quantification of 20E, mortality, and reproduction of daphnids. Baseline results showed that average responses were relatively similar and did not vary more than 2-fold. However, intra-day variation was generally high and could be explained by sampling individuals with slightly different stages of their development. Exposure tests indicated a significant decrease in daphnid reproduction following chronic exposure to a concentration of 565 μg/L of fenarimol. However, no difference was observed between the control and exposed groups for any of the investigated genes, nor for the levels of 20E after 21 days of exposure. Following exposition to gemfibrozil and clofibric acid at 1 μg/L, no changes were observed for the measured parameters. These results suggest that changes in transcription levels of the target genes and concentrations of 20E may not be sensitive endpoints that can be used as biomarkers of sublethal exposure to the target compounds in D. magna. Measuring multiple time points instead of a single measure as well as additional molecular endpoints obtained from transcriptomic and metabolomic studies could afford more insights on the changes occurring in exposed daphnids to lipid-altering compounds and identify efficient biomarkers of sublethal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alarie
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nadia Côté
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Luc Gaudreau
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, H2Y 2E5, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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3
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O'Rourke K, Virgiliou C, Theodoridis G, Gika H, Grintzalis K. The impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on daphnids - A metabolomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104157. [PMID: 37225008 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been classified as emerging contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem, mainly due to their increased use and improper disposal. A significant range of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites have been globally detected in surface waters and pose detrimental effects to non-target organisms. Monitoring pharmaceutical water pollution relies on the analytical approaches for their detection, however, such approaches are limited by their sensitivity limit and coverage of the wide range pharmaceutical compounds. This lack of realism in risk assessment is bypassed with effect-based methods, which are complemented by chemical screening and impact modelling, and are able to provide mechanistic insight for pollution. Focusing on the freshwater ecosystem, in this study we evaluated the acute effects on daphnids for three distinct groups of pharmaceuticals; antibiotics, estrogens, and a range of commonly encountered environmentally relevant pharmaceutical pollutants. Combining several endpoints such as mortality, biochemical (enzyme activities) and holistic (metabolomics) we discovered distinct patterns in biological responses. In this study, changes in enzymes of metabolism e.g. phosphatases and lipase, as well as the detoxification enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase, were recorded following acute exposure to the selected pharmaceuticals. A targeted analysis of the hydrophilic profile of daphnids revealed mainly the up-regulation of metabolites following metformin, gabapentin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim and β-estradiol. Whereas gemfibrozil, sulfamethoxazole and oestrone exposure resulted in the down-regulation of majority of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie O'Rourke
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH) Biomic_AUTh, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Greece; FoodOmicsGR, Research Infrastructure, Aristotle University Node, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001,Greece.
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; Biomic AUTH, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, Thessaloniki GR 57001, Greece.
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Guo J, Ren J, Chang C, Duan Q, Li J, Kanerva M, Yang F, Mo J. Freshwater crustacean exposed to active pharmaceutical ingredients: ecotoxicological effects and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48868-48902. [PMID: 36884171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the ecotoxicological effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on aquatic invertebrates have been raised in the last decade. While numerous studies have reported the toxicity of APIs in invertebrates, no attempt has been made to synthesize and interpret this dataset in terms of different exposure scenarios (acute, chronic, multigenerational), multiple crustacean species, and the toxic mechanisms. In this study, a thorough literature review was performed to summarize the ecotoxicological data of APIs tested on a range of invertebrates. Therapeutic classes including antidepressants, anti-infectives, antineoplastic agents, hormonal contraceptives, immunosuppressants, and neuro-active drugs exhibited higher toxicity to crustaceans than other API groups. The species sensitivity towards APIs exposure is compared in D. magna and other crustacean species. In the case of acute and chronic bioassays, ecotoxicological studies mainly focus on the apical endpoints including growth and reproduction, whereas sex ratio and molting frequency are commonly used for evaluating the substances with endocrine-disrupting properties. The multigenerational and "Omics" studies, primarily transcriptomics and metabolomics, were confined to a few API groups including beta-blocking agents, blood lipid-lowing agents, neuroactive agents, anticancer drugs, and synthetic hormones. We emphasize that in-depth studies on the multigenerational effects and the toxic mechanisms of APIs on the endocrine systems of freshwater crustacean are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jingya Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qiannan Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 7908577, Japan
| | - Fangshe Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Molecular Responses of Daphnids to Chronic Exposures to Pharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044100. [PMID: 36835510 PMCID: PMC9964447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are among several classes of contaminants of emerging concern, such as pesticides, heavy metals and personal care products, all of which are a major concern for aquatic ecosystems. The hazards posed by the presence of pharmaceutical is one which affects both freshwater organisms and human health-via non-target effects and by the contamination of drinking water sources. The molecular and phenotypic alterations of five pharmaceuticals which are commonly present in the aquatic environment were explored in daphnids under chronic exposures. Markers of physiology such as enzyme activities were combined with metabolic perturbations to assess the impact of metformin, diclofenac, gabapentin, carbamazepine and gemfibrozil on daphnids. Enzyme activity of markers of physiology included phosphatases, lipase, peptidase, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities. Furthermore, targeted LC-MS/MS analysis focusing on glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the TCA cycle intermediates was performed to assess metabolic alterations. Exposure to pharmaceuticals resulted in the changes in activity for several enzymes of metabolism and the detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. Metabolic perturbations on key pathways revealed distinct groups and metabolic fingerprints for the different exposures and their mixtures. Chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals at low concentrations revealed significant alterations of metabolic and physiological endpoints.
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Lari E, Jeong TY, Labine LM, Simpson MJ. Metabolomic analysis predicted changes in growth rate in Daphnia magna exposed to acetaminophen. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106233. [PMID: 35779485 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As urbanization and the global population increases, pollutants associated with municipal wastewater such as pharmaceuticals are becoming more prevalent in aquatic environments. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used drug worldwide and one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems. This study investigated the impact of acetaminophen on the metabolite profile of Daphnia magna at two life stages; and used these metabolomic findings to hypothesize a potential impact at a higher organismal level which was subsequently tested experimentally. Targeted polar metabolite analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure changes in the concentration of 51 metabolites in the neonate (> 24 h old) and adult (8 day-old) daphnids following a 48-h exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of acetaminophen. The impact of acetaminophen on the metabolic profile of neonates was widely different from adults. Also, acetaminophen exposure perturbed the abundance of nucleotides more extensively than other metabolites. The acute metabolomic experimental results led to the hypotheses that exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of acetaminophen upregulates protein synthesis in D. magna and subsequently increases growth during early life stages and has an opposite impact on adults. Accordingly, a 10 day growth rate experiment indicated that exposure to acetaminophen elevated biomass production in neonates but not in adults. These novel findings demonstrate that a targeted analysis and interpretation of the changes in the polar metabolic profile of organisms in response to environmental stressors could be used as a tool to predict changes at higher biological levels. As such, this study further emphasizes the incorporation of molecular-level platforms as critical and robust tools in environmental assessment frameworks and biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Lari
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa M Labine
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Giraudo M, Colson TLL, Pilote M, Gagnon C, Gagnon P, Houde M. A major release of urban untreated wastewaters in the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) altered growth, reproduction, and redox status in experimentally exposed Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:843-851. [PMID: 31392632 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, five billion liters of untreated urban wastewater (UWW) were released into the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) over the course of four days in order to repair the Montreal's sewer interceptor network related to the city's primary wastewater treatment plant. The UWW discharge originated mainly from household, industrial, and hospital sources. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicological effects of this unprecedented punctual UWW release on aquatic invertebrates to gather information that could help understand the potential impacts to the receiving environment of overflow episodes occurring during heavy rain events. Water samples were collected at four impacted and non-impacted sites during and four weeks after the release. The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were experimentally exposed to surface water collected from UWW-impacted sites for 13 days and analyzed for life-history endpoints and suitable biomarkers related to oxidative stress (i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione-s-transferase) and reproduction (chitinase). Results indicated that D. magna growth and reproduction were significantly increased by exposure to UWWs. These effects were correlated with an increase in chitinase activity, which is primarily controlled by reproductive hormones and involved in growth, suggesting potential impacts on these processes. Results also indicated that some UWW samples might have caused oxidative stress during the release but that it was overcome by antioxidant defenses and did not lead to cellular damage. Overall, current results contribute to a better understanding of the biological impacts of UWW to aquatic invertebrates for a better stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giraudo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada.
| | - T-L L Colson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - M Pilote
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - C Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - P Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - M Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
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Sun Y, Xu W, Gu Q, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Gu L, Huang Y, Lyu K, Yang Z. Small-Sized Microplastics Negatively Affect Rotifers: Changes in the Key Life-History Traits and Rotifer- Phaeocystis Population Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9241-9251. [PMID: 31268695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Most coastal waters are at risk from microplastics, which vary in concentration and size. Rotifers, as important primary consumers linking primary producers and higher trophic consumers, usually coexist with the harmful alga Phaeocystis and microplastics in coastal waters; this coexistence may interfere with rotifer life-history traits and ingestion of Phaeocystis. To evaluate the effects of microplastics on rotifers, we designed a series of experiments concerning rotifer Brachionus plicatilis life-history traits and rotifer-Phaeocystis (predator-prey) population dynamics under different concentrations and sizes of microplastics. The results showed that small-sized microplastics (0.07 μm) at high levels (≥5 μg mL-1) decreased rotifer survival and reproduction, prolonged the time to maturation, and reduced the body size at maturation, whereas large-sized microplastics (0.7 and 7 μm) had no effect on rotifer life-history traits. For rotifer-Phaeocystis population levels, small-sized microplastics (0.07 μm) significantly delayed the elimination of Phaeocystis by rotifers; this is the first study to test the effects of microplastics on predator-prey dynamics. The results of rotifer-Phaeocystis population dynamics are consistent with the changes in the life-history traits of rotifers and further confirm the negative effects of small-sized microplastics (0.07 μm) on rotifers. These findings help to reveal the effect of pollutants on predator-prey population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qiujin Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qiming Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Sun Y, Lei J, Wang Y, Cheng J, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Zhang L, Gu L, Huang Y, Yang Z. High concentration of Phaeocystis globosa reduces the sensitivity of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to cadmium: Based on an exponential approach fitting the changes in some key life-history traits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:535-543. [PMID: 30590323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most coastal waters are at risk of heavy metal pollution, and the biomass of primary producer phytoplankton always fluctuates, which usually causes zooplankton to be exposed in different concentrations of food and heavy metal. Phytoplankton abundance and heavy metal may interact on zooplankton. Therefore, to assess the definite interactive way, in this study we investigated the combined effects of different cadmium (Cd) levels and Phaeocystis globosa concentrations on some key life-history traits of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Results showed that the Cd level and P. globosa concentration had a significant interaction on the key life-history parameters of the rotifer. Mid-level algal concentrations (5-36 × 104 cells mL-1) had an apparent effect on brood production and the number of rotifers producing offspring at high Cd level. The time to first reproduction exponentially decreased with increasing P. globosa concentrations under any Cd levels and then subsequently reached a constant value. With increasing P. globosa concentration, the total number of offspring exponentially increased and then reached the asymptotic value; the survival time under any Cd levels exponentially decreased with the increasing P. globosa concentration and subsequently tended to be a constant value. Without Cd, the low P. globosa concentration only decreased the reproduction of rotifers. However, the extreme low P. globosa concentration (1-3 × 104 cells mL-1) under higher Cd level (0.0354 mM) completely inhibited the reproduction and also shorten the survival time. Higher Cd level decreased the asymptotic total offspring per rotifer and survival time. High concentration of P. globosa can reduce the sensitivity of rotifer to heavy metal. However, the negative effects could not be eliminated completely by the increasing P. globosa concentration. The findings indicated that ecotoxicological studies on the toxicity of heavy metal need to consider the effects of food concentrations, which contributes to understanding the diverse tolerance of zooplankton to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiming Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zeshuang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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10
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Liu Z, Yu P, Cai M, Wu D, Zhang M, Huang Y, Zhao Y. Polystyrene nanoplastic exposure induces immobilization, reproduction, and stress defense in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia pulex. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:74-81. [PMID: 30312919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of plastic waste have been globally recognized as a critical issue. However, there is limited information on the adverse effects of nanoplastics on freshwater invertebrates. In this study, the effects of a polystyrene nanoplastic on physiological changes (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction) and expression levels of stress defense genes (oxidative stress-mediated and heat shock proteins) in the freshwater flea Daphnia pulex were measured. The results showed that the digestive organs of D. pulex were strongly fluorescent after exposure to the nanoplastic particles, and the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC 50) of the nanoplastic was determined to be 76.69 mg/L. In the 21-day chronic toxicity test, dose- and time-dependent relationships were observed for body length, and the time to first eggs was significantly prolonged in the 0.5 and 1 mg/L groups. The time to clutch was delayed, and total offspring per female and number of clutches were decreased in all the treatment groups. In addition, the offspring per clutch were significantly decreased in the 0.1 mg/L group. As the nanoplastic concentration increased, expression of stress defense genes (SOD, GST, GPx, and CAT) was first induced and then inhibited. The gene expressions of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) were induced in all the treatment groups. Our results suggest that nanoplastics can be ingested by the freshwater cladoceran D. pulex and affect its growth and reproduction as well as induce stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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11
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Capolupo M, Díaz-Garduño B, Martín-Díaz ML. The impact of propranolol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and gemfibrozil on early life stages of marine organisms: effects and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32196-32209. [PMID: 30220067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitously detected in the marine environment at the ng-μg/L range. Given their biological activity, these compounds are known to induce detrimental effects on biota at relatively low exposure levels; however, whether they affect early life stages of marine species is still unclear. In this study, a set of bioassays was performed to assess the effects of propranolol (PROP), 17-α ethinylestradiol (EE2), and gemfibrozil (GEM) on gamete fertilization and embryonic development of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus), and on the survival of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Treatments of PROP (500, 5000, 50,000 ng/L), EE2 (5, 50, 500 ng/L), and GEM (50, 500, 5000 ng/L) were selected to encompass levels comparable or superior to environmental concentrations. Obtained data were tested for dose-response curve fitting and the lowest EC10/LC10 used to calculate risk quotients (RQs) based on the MEC/PNEC. No alteration was induced by PROP on the mussel gamete fertilization, while inhibitory effects were observed at environmental levels of EE2 (500 ng/L) and GEM (5000 ng/L). Fertilization was significantly reduced in sea urchin at all PROP and EE2 dosages. The 48-h exposure to all pharmaceuticals induced the onset of morphological abnormalities in either mussel or sea urchin embryos. Alterations were generally observed at environmentally relevant dosages, except for PROP in mussels, in which alterations occurred only at 50,000 ng/L. A decreased survival of seabream larvae was recorded after 96-h exposure to PROP (all treatments), EE2 (50-500 ng/L), and GEM (500 ng/L). A median RQ > 1 was obtained for all pharmaceuticals, assigning a high risk to their occurrence in marine environments. Overall, results showed that current levels of contamination by pharmaceuticals can impact early stages of marine species, which represent critical junctures in the resilience of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capolupo
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, P.zza di P.ta S. Donato 1, 40100, Bologna, Italy.
- Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Garduño
- Physical Chemical Department, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Laura Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemical Department, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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12
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Barreto A, Luis LG, Paíga P, Santos LHMLM, Delerue-Matos C, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. A multibiomarker approach highlights effects induced by the human pharmaceutical gemfibrozil to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:266-274. [PMID: 29807214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid regulators are among the most prescribed human pharmaceuticals worldwide. Gemfibrozil, which belongs to this class of pharmaceuticals, is one of the most frequently encountered in the aquatic environment. However, there is limited information concerning the mechanisms involved in gemfibrozil effects to aquatic organisms, particularly to marine organisms. Based on this knowledge gap, the current study aimed to assess biochemical and behavioral effects following a sublethal exposure to gemfibrozil (1.5, 15, 150, 1500 and 15,000 μg L-1) in the estuarine/marine fish Sparus aurata. After the exposure to 1.5 μg L-1 of gemfibrozil, fish had reduced ability to swim against a water flow and increased lipid peroxidation in the liver. At concentrations between 15-15,000 μg L-1, the activities of some enzymes involved in antioxidant defense were induced, appearing to be sufficient to prevent oxidative damage. Depending on the organ, different responses to gemfibrozil were displayed, with enzymes like catalase being more stimulated in gills, whereas glutathione peroxidase was more activated in liver. Although there were no obvious concentration-response relationships, the integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis revealed that the highest concentrations of gemfibrozil (between 150-15,000 μg L-1) caused more alterations. All the tested concentrations of gemfibrozil induced effects in S. aurata, in terms of behavior and/or oxidative stress responses. Oxidative damage was found at a concentration that is considered environmentally relevant, suggesting a potential of this pharmaceutical to impact fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - L G Luis
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - P Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - L H M L M Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Present affiliation: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - C Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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