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Lou Y, Wang Y, Li S, Yu F, Liu X, Cong Y, Li Z, Jin F, Zhang M, Yao Z, Wang J. Different responses of marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum upon exposures to WAF and CEWAF of crude oil: A case study coupled with stable isotopic signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133833. [PMID: 38401215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Increasing use of chemical dispersants for oil spills highlights the need to understand their adverse effects on marine microalgae and nutrient assimilation because the toxic components of crude oil can be more bioavailable. We employed the crude oil water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) to compare different responses in marine microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) coupled with stable isotopic signatures. The concentration and proportion of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs), which are key toxic components in crude oil, increased after dispersant addition. CEWAF exposure caused higher percent growth inhibition and a lower chlorophyll-a level of microalgae than those after WAF exposure. Compared with WAF exposure, CEWAF led to an enhancement in the self-defense mechanism of P. tricornutum, accompanied by an increased content of extracellular polymeric substances. 13C-depletion and carbon assimilation were altered in P. tricornutum, suggesting more HMW PAHs could be utilized as carbon sources by microalgae under CEWAF. CEWAF had no significant effects on the isotopic fractionation or assimilation of nitrogen in P. tricornutum. Our study unveiled the impact on the growth, physiological response, and nutrient assimilation of microalgae upon WAF and CEWAF exposures. Our data provide new insights into the ecological effects of dispersant applications for coastal oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Lou
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Shiyue Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fuwei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; School of Chemical, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (Ministry of Ecology and Environment), Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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Luter HM, Laffy P, Flores F, Brinkman DL, Fisher R, Negri AP. Molecular responses of sponge larvae exposed to partially weathered condensate oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115928. [PMID: 38141581 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment can have long lasting impacts on benthic communities. Sponges form an abundant and diverse component of benthic habitats, contributing a variety of important functional roles; however, their responses to petroleum hydrocarbons are largely unknown. This study combined a traditional ecotoxicological experimental design and endpoint with global gene expression profiling and microbial indicator species analysis to examine the effects of a water accommodated fraction (WAF) of condensate oil on a common Indo-Pacific sponge, Phyllospongia foliascens. A no significant effect concentration (N(S)EC) of 2.1 % WAF was obtained for larval settlement, while gene-specific (N(S)EC) thresholds ranged from 3.4 % to 8.8 % WAF. Significant shifts in global gene expression were identified at WAF treatments ≥20 %, with larvae exposed to 100 % WAF most responsive. Results from this study provide an example on the incorporation of non-conventional molecular and microbiological responses into ecotoxicological studies on petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Luter
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia.
| | - Patrick Laffy
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
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Baco AR, Ross R, Althaus F, Amon D, Bridges AEH, Brix S, Buhl-Mortensen P, Colaco A, Carreiro-Silva M, Clark MR, Du Preez C, Franken ML, Gianni M, Gonzalez-Mirelis G, Hourigan T, Howell K, Levin LA, Lindsay DJ, Molodtsova TN, Morgan N, Morato T, Mejia-Mercado BE, O’Sullivan D, Pearman T, Price D, Robert K, Robson L, Rowden AA, Taylor J, Taylor M, Victorero L, Watling L, Williams A, Xavier JR, Yesson C. Towards a scientific community consensus on designating Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems from imagery. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16024. [PMID: 37846312 PMCID: PMC10576969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of deep-sea fisheries in areas beyond national jurisdiction by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations/Arrangements (RFMO/As) requires identification of areas with Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). Currently, fisheries data, including trawl and longline bycatch data, are used by many RFMO/As to inform the identification of VMEs. However, the collection of such data creates impacts and there is a need to collect non-invasive data for VME identification and monitoring purposes. Imagery data from scientific surveys satisfies this requirement, but there currently is no established framework for identifying VMEs from images. Thus, the goal of this study was to bring together a large international team to determine current VME assessment protocols and establish preliminary global consensus guidelines for identifying VMEs from images. An initial assessment showed a lack of consistency among RFMO/A regions regarding what is considered a VME indicator taxon, and hence variability in how VMEs might be defined. In certain cases, experts agreed that a VME could be identified from a single image, most often in areas of scleractinian reefs, dense octocoral gardens, multiple VME species' co-occurrence, and chemosynthetic ecosystems. A decision flow chart is presented that gives practical interpretation of the FAO criteria for single images. To further evaluate steps of the flow chart related to density, data were compiled to assess whether scientists perceived similar density thresholds across regions. The range of observed densities and the density values considered to be VMEs varied considerably by taxon, but in many cases, there was a statistical difference in what experts considered to be a VME compared to images not considered a VME. Further work is required to develop an areal extent index, to include a measure of confidence, and to increase our understanding of what levels of density and diversity correspond to key ecosystem functions for VME indicator taxa. Based on our results, the following recommendations are made: 1. There is a need to establish a global consensus on which taxa are VME indicators. 2. RFMO/As should consider adopting guidelines that use imagery surveys as an alternative (or complement) to using bycatch and trawl surveys for designating VMEs. 3. Imagery surveys should also be included in Impact Assessments. And 4. All industries that impact the seafloor, not just fisheries, should use imagery surveys to detect and identify VMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Baco
- Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Diva Amon
- SpeSeas, D’Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Amelia E. H. Bridges
- School of Biological and Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Brix
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ana Colaco
- Okeanos-University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | | | - Malcolm R. Clark
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cherisse Du Preez
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Hourigan
- National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Kerry Howell
- School of Biological and Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Dhugal J. Lindsay
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Nicole Morgan
- Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Telmo Morato
- Okeanos-University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Beatriz E. Mejia-Mercado
- Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | | - Tabitha Pearman
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - David Price
- Okeanos-University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
- The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Katleen Robert
- Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Laura Robson
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley A. Rowden
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Taylor
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Lissette Victorero
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway
- University of Aveiro, CESAM, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Les Watling
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States
| | | | - Joana R. Xavier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, University of Porto, Matsosinhos, Portugal
| | - Chris Yesson
- Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
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Schmittmann L, Rahn T, Busch K, Fraune S, Pita L, Hentschel U. Stability of a dominant sponge-symbiont in spite of antibiotic-induced microbiome disturbance. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6392-6410. [PMID: 36250983 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges are known for their complex and stable microbiomes. However, the lack of a gnotobiotic sponge-model and experimental methods to manipulate both the host and the microbial symbionts currently limit our mechanistic understanding of sponge-microbial symbioses. We have used the North Atlantic sponge species Halichondria panicea to evaluate the use of antibiotics to generate gnotobiotic sponges. We further asked whether the microbiome can be reestablished via recolonization with the natural microbiome. Experiments were performed in marine gnotobiotic facilities equipped with a custom-made, sterile, flow-through aquarium system. Bacterial abundance dynamics were monitored qualitatively and quantitatively by 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR, respectively. Antibiotics induced dysbiosis by favouring an increase of opportunistic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resulting in more complex, but less specific bacteria-bacteria interactions than in untreated sponges. The abundance of the dominant symbiont, Candidatus Halichondribacter symbioticus, remained overall unchanged, reflecting its obligately symbiotic nature. Recolonization with the natural microbiome could not reverse antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. However, single bacterial taxa that were transferred, successfully recolonized the sponge and affected bacteria-bacteria interactions. By experimentally manipulating microbiome composition, we could show the stability of a sponge-symbiont clade despite microbiome dysbiosis. This study contributes to understanding both host-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria interactions in the sponge holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schmittmann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tanja Rahn
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Busch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucía Pita
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany.,Institut de Ciències del Mar - CSIC, Marine Biology and Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, Atmosphere and Climate, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany.,Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Vad J, Duran Suja L, Summers S, Henry TB, Roberts JM. Marine Sponges in a Snowstorm – Extreme Sensitivity of a Sponge Holobiont to Marine Oil Snow and Chemically Dispersed Oil Pollution. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:909853. [PMID: 35910618 PMCID: PMC9335075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.909853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Holobionts formed by a host organism and associated symbionts are key biological units in marine ecosystems where they are responsible for fundamental ecosystem services. Therefore, understanding anthropogenic impacts on holobionts is essential. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are ideal holobiont models. They host a complex microbial community and provide ecosystem services including nutrient cycling. At bathyal depths, sponges can accumulate forming dense sponge ground habitats supporting biodiverse associated communities. However, the impacts of spilled oil and dispersants on sponge grounds cannot be understood without considering exposures mediated through sponge filtration of marine snow particles. To examine this, we exposed the model sponge Halichondria panicea to oil, dispersant and “marine oil snow” contaminated seawater and elucidate the complex molecular response of the holobiont through metatranscriptomics. While the host response included detoxification and immune response pathways, the bacterial symbiotic response differed and was at least partially the result of a change in the host environment rather than a direct response to hydrocarbon exposure. As the sponge host reduced its pumping activity and internal tissue oxygen levels declined, the symbionts changed their metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic pathways possibly via quorum sensing. Furthermore, we found evidence of hydrocarbon degradation by sponge symbionts, but sponge mortality (even when exposed to low concentrations of hydrocarbons) implied this may not provide the holobiont with sufficient resilience against contaminants. Given the continued proposed expansion of hydrocarbon production into deep continental shelf and slope settings where sponge grounds form significant habitats it is important that dispersant use is minimised and that environmental impact assessments carefully consider the vulnerability of sponge holobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Vad
- Changing Oceans Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Johanne Vad,
| | - Laura Duran Suja
- Changing Oceans Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Summers
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theodore B. Henry
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, United Kingdom
| | - J. Murray Roberts
- Changing Oceans Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Vad J, Barnhill KA, Kazanidis G, Roberts JM. Human impacts on deep-sea sponge grounds: Applying environmental omics to monitoring. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2021; 89:53-78. [PMID: 34583815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are the oldest extant Metazoans. In the deep sea, sponges can occur at high densities forming habitats known as sponge grounds. Sponge grounds can extend over large areas of up to hundreds of km2 and are biodiversity hotspots. However, as human activities, including deep-water hydrocarbon extraction, continue to expand into areas harbouring sponge grounds, understanding how anthropogenic impacts affect sponges and the ecosystem services they provide at multiple biological scales (community, individual and (sub)cellular levels) is key for achieving sustainable management. This chapter (1) provides an update to the chapter of Advances in Marine Biology Volume 79 entitled "Potential Impacts of Offshore Oil and Gas Activities on Deep-Sea Sponges and the Habitats They Form" and (2) discusses the use of omics as a future tool for deep-sea ecosystem monitoring. While metagenomics and (meta)transcriptomics studies have contributed to improve our understanding of sponge biology in recent years, metabolomics analysis has mostly been used to identify natural products. The sponge metabolome, therefore, remains vastly unknown despite the fact that the metabolome is a key link between the genotype and phenotype, giving us a unique new insight to how key components of an ecosystem are functioning. As the fraction of the metabolome released into the seawater, the sponge exometabolome has only just started to be characterised in comparative environmental metabolomic studies. Yet, the sponge exometabolome constitute a unique opportunity for the identification of biomarkers of sponge health as compounds can be measured in seawater, bypassing the need for physical samples which can still be difficult to collect in the deep sea. Within sponge grounds, the characterisation of a shared sponge exometabolome could lead to the identification of biomarkers of ecosystem functioning and overall health. Challenges remain in establishing omics approaches in environmental monitoring but constant technological advances and reduction in costs means these techniques will become widely available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Vad
- Changing Ocean Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Kelsey Archer Barnhill
- Changing Ocean Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Kazanidis
- Changing Ocean Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Murray Roberts
- Changing Ocean Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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