1
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Fuchs B, Saikkonen K, Damerau A, Yang B, Helander M. Herbicide residues in soil decrease microbe-mediated plant protection. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:571-578. [PMID: 36920172 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The residues of glyphosate are found to remain in soils longer than previously reported, affecting rhizosphere microbes. This may adversely affect crop and other non-target plants because the plant's resilience and resistance largely rely on plant-associated microbes. Ubiquitous glyphosate residues in soil and how they impact mutualistic microbes inhabiting the aboveground plant parts are largely unexplored. We studied the effects of herbicide residues in soil on Epichloë sp., which are common endophytic symbionts inhabiting aerial parts of cool-season grasses. In this symbiosis, the obligate symbiont subsists entirely on its host plant, and in exchange, it provides alkaloids conferring resistance to herbivores for the host grass that invests little in its own chemical defence. We first show decreased growth of Epichloë endophytes in vitro when directly exposed to two concentrations of glyphosate or glyphosate-based herbicides. Second, we provide evidence for a reduction of Epichloë-derived, insect-toxic loline alkaloids in endophyte-symbiotic meadow fescue (F. pratensis) plants growing in soil with a glyphosate history. Plants were grown for 2 years in an open field site, and natural herbivore infestation was correlated with the glyphosate-mediated reduction of loline alkaloid concentrations. Our findings indicate that herbicides residing in soil not only affect rhizosphere microbiota but also aerial plant endophyte functionality, which emphasizes the destructive effects of glyphosate on plant symbiotic microbes, here with cascading effects on plant-pest insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Damerau
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - B Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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2
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Niu XJ, Sun YH, Wang LJ, Huang YY, Wang Y, Guo XQ, Xu BH, Wang C. Fox transcription factor AccGRF1 in response to glyphosate stress in Apis cerana cerana. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105419. [PMID: 37105625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an herbicide commonly used in agriculture, and its widespread use has adversely affected the survival of nontarget organisms. Among these organisms, bees in particular are important pollinators, and declining bee populations have severely affected crop yields around the world. However, the molecular mechanism by which glyphosate harms bees remains unclear. In our experiment, we screened and cloned a glyphosate-induced gene in Apis cerana cerana (A. c. cerana) and named glyphosate response factor 1 (AccGRF1). Sequence analysis showed that AccGRF1 contains a winged-helix DNA binding domain, which suggests that it belongs to the Forkhead box (Fox) protein family. qRT-PCR and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and yeast showed that AccGRF1 can respond to glyphosate and oxidative stress. After AccGRF1 knockdown by means of RNA interference (RNAi), the resistance of A. c. cerana to glyphosate stress improved. The results suggested that AccGRF1 is involved in A. c. cerana glyphosate stress tolerance. This study reveals the functions of Fox transcription factors in response to glyphosate stress and provides molecular insights into the regulation of glyphosate responses in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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3
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Rainio MJ, Margus A, Tikka S, Helander M, Lindström L. The effects of short-term glyphosate-based herbicide exposure on insect gene expression profiles. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 146:104503. [PMID: 36935035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides worldwide. The use of GBHs is intended to tackle weeds, but GBHs have been shown to affect the life-history traits and antioxidant defense system of invertebrates found in agroecosystems. Thus far, the effects of GBHs on detoxification pathways among invertebrates have not been sufficiently investigated. We performed two different experiments-1) the direct pure glyphosate and GBH treatment, and 2) the indirect GBH experiment via food-to examine the possible effects of environmentally relevant GBH levels on the survival of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the expression profiles of their detoxification genes. As candidate genes, we selected four cytochrome P450 (CYP), three glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and two acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes that are known to be related to metabolic or target-site resistances in insects. We showed that environmentally relevant levels of pure glyphosate and GBH increased the probability for higher mortality in the Colorado potato beetle larvae in the direct experiment, but not in the indirect experiment. The GBHs or glyphosate did not affect the expression profiles of the studied CYP, GST, or AChE genes; however, we found a large family-level variation in expression profiles in both the direct and indirect treatment experiments. These results suggest that the genes selected for this study may not be the ones expressed in response to glyphosate or GBHs. It is also possible that the relatively short exposure time did not affect gene expression profiles, or the response may have already occurred at a shorter exposure time. Our results show that glyphosate products may affect the survival of the herbivorous insect already at lower levels, depending on their sensitivity to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia J Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Aigi Margus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Santtu Tikka
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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4
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Chen YH, Cohen ZP, Bueno EM, Christensen BM, Schoville SD. Rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 55:101000. [PMID: 36521782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable research, efforts to manage insecticide resistance continue to fail. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), epitomizes this problem, as it has repeatedly and rapidly evolved resistance to>50 insecticides. The patterns of resistance evolution are intriguing, as they defy models where resistance evolves from rare mutations. Here, we synthesize recent research on insecticide resistance in CPB showing that polygenic resistance drawn from standing genetic diversity explains genomic patterns of insecticide resistance evolution. However, rapid gene regulatory evolution suggests that other mechanisms might also facilitate adaptive change. We explore the hypothesis that sublethal stress from insecticide exposure could alter heritable epigenetic modifications, and discuss the range of experimental approaches needed to fully understand insecticide resistance evolution in this super pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda H Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Zachary P Cohen
- USDA ARS, Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Erika M Bueno
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Blair M Christensen
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Li Y, Wang Q, Xu X, Guo H. UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of the Accumulation and Excretion of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids Consumed by Potato Tuber Moth ( Phthorimaea operculella) Larvae under Different Feeding Treatments. INSECTS 2022; 14:26. [PMID: 36661954 PMCID: PMC9866554 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Food poisoning caused by potato glycoside alkaloids (SGA) remains a critical factor that affects potato production safety. The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is a notorious pest that displays good adaptability to SGA in potato tissues. Studies that explore the mechanisms underlying SGA homeostasis in potato tuber moth larvae are urgently needed. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied to detect the dominant SGA substances α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato leaves and PTM larval tissues. From the highest to lowest SGA concentrations, the potato cultivars studied were ranked as follows: DS47, LS6, DS23 and QS9. To exclude the influence of nutrients within different potato varieties, different SGA containing (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) the artificial diet treatment groups were added. DS47 and 0.3% SGA-containing artificial diets presented the best conditions for PTM growth, development and reproduction compared to other potato cultivars and artificial diet controls. The potato tuber moth larva tissues were dissected and the SGA content within different tissues were detected using an UHPLC machine. The results showed that α-chaconine was dispersed in the feces, midgut, hindgut, head and cuticle, and α-solanine was distributed only in the feces and midgut. Antibiotic-treated insects exhibited higher concentrations of SGA than the normal microbiome group. Furthermore, the SGA concentrations of 100 newly-hatched PTM larvae and puparia were detected, with both of them found to contain small amounts of SGA. The results showed that ecdysis and the excretion process were effective approaches used by the potato tuber moth to equilibrate internal SGA accumulation. The microorganism-decreased SGA concentrations were excited in their gut. SGA may transfer from adults to the next generation, and SGAs in PTM are inheritable. In this study, we demonstrated that the potato tuber moth possessed an effective method to preliminarily decrease high SGA accumulation in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huachun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
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6
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Fuchs B, Saikkonen K, Helander M, Tian Y, Yang B, Engström MT, Salminen JP, Muola A. Legacy of agrochemicals in the circular food economy: Glyphosate-based herbicides introduced via manure fertilizer affect the yield and biochemistry of perennial crop plants during the following year. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136366. [PMID: 36113650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional agricultural practices favoring the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) increase the risk of GBH residues ending up in animal feed, feces, and, eventually, manure. The use of poultry manure as organic fertilizer in the circular food economy increases the unintentional introduction of GBH residues into horticultural and agricultural systems, with reportedly negative effects on the growth and reproduction of crop plants. To understand the potential lasting effects of exposure to GBH residues via organic manure fertilizers, we studied strawberry (Fragaria x vescana) plant performance, yield quantity, biochemistry, folivory, phytochemistry, and soil elemental composition the year after exposure to GBH. Although plants exposed to GBH residues via manure fertilizer were, on average, 23% smaller in the year of exposure, they were able to compensate for their growth during the following growing season. Interestingly, GBH residue exposure in the previous growing season led to a trend in altered plant size preferences of folivores during the following growing season. Furthermore, the plants that had been exposed to GBH residues in the previous growing season produced 20% heavier fruits with an altered composition of phenolic compounds compared to non-exposed plants. Our results indicate that GBHs introduced via manure fertilizer following circular economy practices in one year can have effects on perennial crop plants in the following year, although GBH residues in soil have largely vanished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Ye Tian
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marica T Engström
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Muola
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland; Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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7
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Feng P, Dai M, Yang J, Wang Y, Mao T, Su W, Li F, Sun H, Wei J, Li B. Effects of glyphosate on the growth, development, and physiological functions of silkworm, Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21919. [PMID: 35637636 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used worldwide, but whether it is safe to nontarget organisms is controversial. In this study, the lepidopteran model insect silkworm was used to investigate the effects of glyphosate residues. The LC50 (72 h) of glyphosate on silkworm was determined to be 14875.98 mg/L, and after exposure to glyphosate at 2975.20 mg/L (a concentration comparable to that used for weed control in mulberry fields), silkworm growth was inhibited by 9.00%, total cocoon weight was lowered by 10.53%, feed digestibility was decreased by 7.56%, and the activities of alpha-amylase and trypsin were reduced by 10.41% and 21.32%, respectively. Pathological analysis revealed that glyphosate exposure led to significantly damaged midgut, along with thinner basal layer, shedding microvilli, blurred cytoplasmic membrane, and appearance of vacuoles. Exposure to glyphosate also led to accumulation of peroxides in the intestinal tissue; the messenger RNA transcription of SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD was all significantly upregulated by glyphosate treatment for 24 h, while CAT transcription was increased at 24, 48, and 72 h. The activity of SOD was increased significantly at 24 h, while significant activity changes were observed for CAT at 72 and 96 h. These results indicated that exposure to glyphosate caused oxidative stress in the midgut of silkworm and affected the midgut's physiological function. This study provides important insights in evaluating the impact of glyphosate residues in the environment on nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Feng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minli Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Mao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wujie Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Fuchs B, Laihonen M, Muola A, Saikkonen K, Dobrev PI, Vankova R, Helander M. A Glyphosate-Based Herbicide in Soil Differentially Affects Hormonal Homeostasis and Performance of Non-target Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787958. [PMID: 35154181 PMCID: PMC8829137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide with a yearly increase in global application. Recent studies report glyphosate residues from diverse habitats globally where the effect on non-target plants are still to be explored. Glyphosate disrupts the shikimate pathway which is the basis for several plant metabolites. The central role of phytohormones in regulating plant growth and responses to abiotic and biotic environment has been ignored in studies examining the effects of glyphosate residues on plant performance and trophic interactions. We studied interactive effects of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) residues and phosphate fertilizer in soil on the content of main phytohormones, their precursors and metabolites, as well as on plant performance and herbivore damage, in three plant species, oat (Avena sativa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Plant hormonal responses to GBH residues were highly species-specific. Potato responded to GBH soil treatment with an increase in stress-related phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and jasmonic acid (JA) but a decrease in cytokinin (CK) ribosides and cytokinin-O-glycosides. GBH residues in combination with phosphate in soil increased aboveground biomass of potato plants and the concentration of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA) but decreased phaseic acid and cytokinin ribosides (CKR) and O-glycosides. Chorismate-derived compounds [IAA, PAA and benzoic acid (BzA)] as well as herbivore damage decreased in oat, when growing in GBH-treated soil but concentrations of the cytokinin dihydrozeatin (DZ) and CKR increased. In strawberry plants, phosphate treatment was associated with an elevation of auxin (IAA) and the CK trans-zeatin (tZ), while decreasing concentrations of the auxin PAA and CK DZ was observed in the case of GBH treatment. Our results demonstrate that ubiquitous herbicide residues have multifaceted consequences by modulating the hormonal equilibrium of plants, which can have cascading effects on trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Muola
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Faidah AN, Zhao H, Sun L, Cao C. Effects of elevated CO 2 treatment of Populus davidiana × P. bolleana on growth and detoxifying enzymes in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109079. [PMID: 34015537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, elevated CO2 concentrations in the environment caused by various human activities influence diverse areas of life, including the interactions between insects and plants. The Lymantria dispar is one of the most severely destructive pests, which further could inflict ecological and economical damage. In this experiment, one-year-old Populus davidiana × P. bolleana plants were grown in CO2-enhanced environments for one month at three different CO2 concentrations: 397 ppm (atmospheric CO2 concentration), 550 ppm and 750 ppm (two predicted elevated CO2 concentrations). The 3rd instar L. dispar larvae then fed on the treated poplar seedlings covered in a nylon bag. The L. dispar larvae fed on poplar seedling treated for 96 h showed the highest growth rate at all CO2 concentrations. Enzymatic activity of treated larvae showed the highest GST and P450 activity at 750 ppm CO2. The relative expressions of seven CYP and ten GST genes in L. dispar larvae were analyzed quantitatively using real-time RT-PCR, which the results were expressed variably. Compared to 397 ppm CO2, the expression of CYP4L23 was down-regulated, while the expressions of other CYP genes were up-regulated. Meanwhile, only GSTo1 gene showed down-regulated at 48 h and 96 h in 750 ppm CO2 treatment, while GST expression level for the other nine GST genes showed up-regulated at 48 h and 72 h. These results offer the insight into plant-insect interactions under global climate change and furthermore will provide essential information for strategic pest control based on biochemical and molecular levels changes in gypsy moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Nur Faidah
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Institute of Forestry Protection, Heilongjiang Forestry Academy, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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10
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Lu Z, Ye W, Feng P, Dai M, Bian D, Ren Y, Zhu Q, Mao T, Su W, Li F, Sun H, Wei J, Li B. Low concentration acetamiprid-induced oxidative stress hinders the growth and development of silkworm posterior silk glands. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104824. [PMID: 33838717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid is a new type of nicotinic insecticide that is widely used in pest control. Its environmental residues may cause silkworm cocooning disorder. In this study, silkworms that received continuous feeding of low concentration acetamiprid (0.15 mg/L) showed significantly decreased silk gland index and cocooning rate. Gene expression profiling of posterior silk glands (PSGs) revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in oxidative stress-related signal pathways with significant up-regulation. The contents of both H2O2 and MDA were increased, along with significantly elevated SOD and CAT activities, all of which reached maximal values at 48 h when H2O2 and MDA's contents were 10.46 and 7.98 nmol/mgprot, respectively, and SOD and CAT activities were 5.51 U/mgprot and 33.48 U/gprot, respectively. The transcription levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes SOD, Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD, CAT, TPX and GPX were all up-regulated, indicating that exposure to low concentration acetamiprid led to antioxidant response in silkworm PSG. The key genes in the FoxO/CncC/Keap1 signaling pathway that regulates antioxidant enzyme activity, FoxO, CncC, Keap1, NQO1, HO-1 and sMaf were all up-regulated during the whole process of treatment, with maximal values being reached at 72 h with 2.91, 1.46, 1.82, 2.52, 2.32 and 4.01 times of increases, respectively. These results demonstrate that exposure to low concentration acetamiprid causes oxidative stress in silkworm PSG, which may be the cause of cocooning disorder in silkworm. Our study provides a reference for the safety evaluation of environmental residues of acetamiprid on non-target insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Wentao Ye
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Piao Feng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Minli Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Dandan Bian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Tingting Mao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Wujie Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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Fuchs B, Saikkonen K, Helander M. Glyphosate-Modulated Biosynthesis Driving Plant Defense and Species Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:312-323. [PMID: 33277187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has become the best-selling herbicide used in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and urban environments. It disrupts the shikimate metabolic pathway and thereby blocks the production of aromatic amino acids, which are the basis for several plant metabolites. Glyphosate residues are reported in soils from diverse environments, but the effects on plant physiology and consequences for species interactions are largely unknown. Here, we emphasize the complexity of these physiological processes, and argue that glyphosate residues modulate biosynthetic pathways, individually or interactively, which may affect interactions between plants and heterotrophic organisms. In this way, glyphosate residues can substantially interfere with plant resistance and the attraction of beneficial insects, both of which are essential elements in integrated pest management and healthy ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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