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Powell WC, Nahum M, Pankratz K, Herlory M, Greenwood J, Poliyenko D, Holland P, Jing R, Biggerstaff L, Stowell MHB, Walczak MA. Post-Translational Modifications Control Phase Transitions of Tau. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.583040. [PMID: 38559065 PMCID: PMC10979912 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of Tau(297-391) into filaments, which mirror the structures observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, raises questions about the role of AD-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs). To investigate this, we developed a synthetic approach to produce Tau(291-391) featuring N-acetyllysine, phosphoserine, phosphotyrosine, and N-glycosylation at positions commonly modified in post-mortem AD brains, thus facilitating the study of their roles in Tau pathology. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and a range of optical microscopy techniques, we discovered that these modifications generally hinder the in vitro assembly of Tau into PHFs. Interestingly, while acetylation's effect on Tau assembly displayed variability, either promoting or inhibiting phase transitions in the context of cofactor free aggregation, heparin-induced aggregation, and RNA-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), phosphorylation uniformly mitigated these processes. Our observations suggest that PTMs, particularly those situated outside the fibril's rigid core are pivotal in the nucleation of PHFs. Moreover, in scenarios involving heparin-induced aggregation leading to the formation of heterogeneous aggregates, most AD-specific PTMs, except for K311, appeared to decelerate the aggregation process. The impact of acetylation on RNA-induced LLPS was notably site-dependent, exhibiting both facilitative and inhibitory effects, whereas phosphorylation consistently reduced LLPS across all proteoforms examined. These insights underscore the complex interplay between site-specific PTMs and environmental factors in modulating Tau aggregation kinetics, enhancing our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of Tau pathology in AD and highlighting the critical role of PTMs located outside the ordered filament core in driving the self-assembly of Tau into PHF structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - McKinley Nahum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Karl Pankratz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Morgane Herlory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Darya Poliyenko
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Patrick Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Luke Biggerstaff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael H. B. Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A. Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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2
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Zhao Z, Laps S, Gichtin JS, Metanis N. Selenium chemistry for spatio-selective peptide and protein functionalization. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:211-229. [PMID: 38388838 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to construct a peptide or protein in a spatio-specific manner is of great interest for therapeutic and biochemical research. However, the various functional groups present in peptide sequences and the need to perform chemistry under mild and aqueous conditions make selective protein functionalization one of the greatest synthetic challenges. The fascinating paradox of selenium (Se) - being found in both toxic compounds and also harnessed by nature for essential biochemical processes - has inspired the recent exploration of selenium chemistry for site-selective functionalization of peptides and proteins. In this Review, we discuss such approaches, including metal-free and metal-catalysed transformations, as well as traceless chemical modifications. We report their advantages, limitations and applications, as well as future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shay Laps
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob S Gichtin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Dardashti RN, Laps S, Gichtin JS, Metanis N. The semisynthesis of nucleolar human selenoprotein H. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12723-12729. [PMID: 38020378 PMCID: PMC10646972 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human selenoprotein H is the only selenocysteine-containing protein that is located in the cell's nucleolus. In vivo studies have suggested that it plays some role in DNA binding, consumption of reactive oxygen species, and may serve as a safeguard against cancers. However, the protein has never been isolated and, as a result, not yet fully characterized. Here, we used a semi-synthetic approach to obtain the full selenoprotein H with a S43T mutation. Using biolayer interferometry, we also show that the Cys-containing mutant of selenoprotein H is capable of binding DNA with sub-micromolar affinity. Employing state-of-the-art expressed protein ligation (EPL), our devised semi-synthetic approach can be utilized for the production of numerous, hard-to-obtain proteins of biological and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Notis Dardashti
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Shay Laps
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Jacob S Gichtin
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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4
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Abstract
Deposits of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) serve as a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau undergoes extensive remodeling. The attachment of post-translational modifications distributed throughout the entire sequence of the protein correlates with clinical presentation. A systematic examination of these protein alterations can shed light on their roles in both healthy and diseased states. However, the ability to access these modifications in the entire protein chain is limited as Tau can only be produced recombinantly or through semisynthesis. In this article, we describe the first chemical synthesis of the longest 2N4R isoform of Tau, consisting of 441 amino acids. The 2N4R Tau was divided into 3 major segments and a total of 11 fragments, all of which were prepared via solid-phase peptide synthesis. The successful chemical strategy has relied on the strategic use of two cysteine sites (C291 and C322) for the native chemical ligations (NCLs). This was combined with modern preparative protein chemistries, such as mercaptothreonine ligation (T205), diselenide-selenoester ligation (D358), and mutations of mercaptoamino acids into native residues via homogeneous radical desulfurization (A40, A77, A119, A157, A246, and A390). The successful completion of the synthesis has established a robust and scalable route to the native protein in multimilligram quantities and high purity. In broader terms, the presented strategy can be applied to the preparation of other shorter isoforms of Tau as well as to introduce all post-translational modifications that are characteristic of tauopathies such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Maxwell JWC, Hawkins PME, Watson EE, Payne RJ. Exploiting Chemical Protein Synthesis to Study the Role of Tyrosine Sulfation on Anticoagulants from Hematophagous Organisms. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2688-2699. [PMID: 37708351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that modulates function by mediating key protein-protein interactions. One of the early proteins shown to possess this PTM was hirudin, produced in the salivary glands of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis, whereby tyrosine sulfation led to a ∼10-fold improvement in α-thrombin inhibitory activity. Outside of this pioneering discovery, the involvement of tyrosine sulfation in modulating the activity of salivary proteins from other hematophagous organisms was unknown. We hypothesized that the intrinsic instability of the tyrosine sulfate functionality, particularly under the acidic conditions used to isolate and analyze peptides and proteins, has led to poor detection during the isolation and/or expression of these molecules.Herein, we summarize our efforts to interrogate the functional role of tyrosine sulfation in the thrombin inhibitory and anticoagulant activity of salivary peptides and proteins from a range of different blood feeding organisms, including leeches, ticks, mosquitoes, and flies. Specifically, we have harnessed synthetic chemistry to efficiently generate homogeneously sulfated peptides and proteins for detailed structure-function studies both in vitro and in vivo.Our studies began with the leech protein hirudin P6 (from Hirudinaria manillensis), which is both sulfated on tyrosine and O-glycosylated at a nearby threonine residue. Synthetically, this was achieved through solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) with a late-stage on-resin sulfation, followed by native chemical ligation and a folding step to generate six differentially modified variants of hirudin P6 to assess the functional interplay between O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation. A one-pot, kinetically controlled ligation of three peptide fragments was used to assemble homogeneously sulfoforms of madanin-1 and chimadanin from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Dual tyrosine sulfation at two distinct sites was shown to increase the thrombin inhibitory activity by up to 3 orders of magnitude through a novel interaction with exosite II of thrombin. The diselenide-selenoester ligation developed by our lab provided us with a means to rapidly assemble a library of different sulfated tick anticoagulant proteins: the andersonins, hyalomins, madanin-like proteins, and hemeathrins, thus enabling the generation of key structure-activity data on this family of proteins. We have also confirmed the presence of tyrosine sulfation in the anticoagulant proteins of Anopheles mosquitoes (anophelins) and the Tsetse fly (TTI) via insect expression and mass spectrometric analysis. These molecules were subsequently synthesized and assessed for thrombin inhibitory and anticoagulant activity. Activity was significantly improved by the addition of tyrosine sulfate modifications and led to molecules with potent antithrombotic activity in an in vivo murine thrombosis model.The Account concludes with our most recent work on the design of trivalent hybrids that tandemly occupy the active site and both exosites (I and II) of α-thrombin, with a TTI-anophelin hybrid (Ki = 20 fM against α-thrombin) being one of the most potent protease inhibitors and anticoagulants ever generated. Taken together, this Account highlights the importance of the tyrosine sulfate post-translational modification within salivary proteins from blood feeding organisms for enhancing anticoagulant activity. This work lays the foundation for exploiting native or engineered variants as therapeutic leads for thrombotic disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paige M E Hawkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Emma E Watson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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6
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Schrems M, Kravchuk AV, Niederacher G, Exler F, Bello C, Becker CFW. Light-Cleavable Auxiliary for Diselenide-Selenoester Ligations of Peptides and Proteins. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301253. [PMID: 37265454 PMCID: PMC10946927 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diselenide-selenoester ligations are increasingly used for the synthesis of proteins. Excellent ligation rates, even at low concentrations, in combination with mild and selective deselenization conditions can overcome some of the most severe challenges in chemical protein synthesis. Herein, the versatile multicomponent synthesis and application of a new ligation auxiliary that combines a photocleavable scaffold with the advantages of selenium-based ligation strategies are presented. Its use was investigated with respect to different ligation junctions and describe a novel para-methoxybenzyl deprotection reaction for the selenol moiety. The glycine-based auxiliary enabled successful synthesis of the challenging target protein G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schrems
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander V. Kravchuk
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Florian Exler
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Claudia Bello
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and BiologyDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of Florencevia della Lastruccia 1350019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
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7
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Lin X, Nithun RV, Samanta R, Harel O, Jbara M. Enabling Peptide Ligation at Aromatic Junction Mimics via Native Chemical Ligation and Palladium-Mediated S-Arylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:4715-4719. [PMID: 37318270 PMCID: PMC10324392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to assemble peptide fragments are in high demand to access homogeneous proteins for various applications. Here, we combined native chemical ligation (NCL) and Pd-mediated Cys arylation to enable practical peptide ligation at aromatic junctions. The utility of one-pot NCL and S-arylation at the Phe and Tyr junctions was demonstrated and employed for the rapid chemical synthesis of the DNA-binding domains of the transcription factors Myc and Max. Organometallic palladium reagents coupled with NCL enabled a practical strategy to assemble peptides at aromatic junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Lin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Raj V. Nithun
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Raju Samanta
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Omer Harel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Li D, Wyatt J, Rogers DM, Long JE, Cusin LML, Tighe PJ, Layfield R, Hirst JD, Müller MM, Mitchell NJ. Cysteine-Selective Modification of Peptides and Proteins via Desulfurative C-C Bond Formation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202503. [PMID: 36534955 PMCID: PMC10946470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective modification of peptides and proteins facilitates the preparation of targeted therapeutic agents and tools to interrogate biochemical pathways. Among the numerous bioconjugation techniques developed to install groups of interest, those that generate C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bonds are significantly underrepresented despite affording proteolytically stable, biogenic linkages. Herein, a visible-light-mediated reaction is described that enables the site-selective modification of peptides and proteins via desulfurative C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond formation. The reaction is rapid and high yielding in peptide systems, with comparable translation to proteins. Using this chemistry, a range of moieties is installed into model systems and an effective PTM-mimic is successfully integrated into a recombinantly expressed histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C. Griffiths
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Frances R. Smith
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Diyuan Li
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Jasmine Wyatt
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonLondonSE1 1DB
| | - David M. Rogers
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Jed E. Long
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
| | - Lola M. L. Cusin
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Patrick J. Tighe
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
| | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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9
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Chung CZ, Krahn N. The selenocysteine toolbox: A guide to studying the 21st amino acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Liao P, Liu H, He C. Chemical synthesis of human selenoprotein F and elucidation of its thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6322-6327. [PMID: 35733894 PMCID: PMC9159075 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein F (SelF) is an endoplasmic reticulum-residing eukaryotic protein that contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue. It has been suggested to be involved in a number of physiological processes by acting as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, but the exact role has remained unclear due to the lack of a reliable production method. We document herein a robust synthesis of the human SelF through a three-segment two-ligation semisynthesis strategy. Highlighted in this synthetic route are the use of a mild desulfurization process to protect the side-chain of the Sec residue from being affected and the simultaneous removal of acetamidomethyl and p-methoxybenzyl protection groups by PdCl2, thus facilitating the synthesis of multi-milligrams of homogenous SelF. The reduction potential of SelF was determined and the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity was further supported by its ability to catalyze the reduction and isomerization of disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisi Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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11
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Hanna CC, Kriegesmann J, Dowman LJ, Becker CFW, Payne RJ. Chemische Synthese und Semisynthese von lipidierten Proteinen. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202111266. [PMID: 38504765 PMCID: PMC10947004 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLipidierung ist eine ubiquitäre Modifikation von Peptiden und Proteinen, die entweder co‐ oder posttranslational auftreten kann. Für die Vielzahl von Lipidklassen wurde gezeigt, dass diese viele entscheidende biologische Aktivitäten, z. B. die Regulierung der Signalweiterleitung, Zell‐Zell‐Adhäsion sowie die Anlagerung von Proteinen an Lipid‐Rafts und Phospholipidmembranen, beeinflussen. Während die Natur Enzyme nutzt, um Lipidmodifikationen in Proteine einzubringen, ist ihre Nutzung für die chemoenzymatische Herstellung von lipidierten Proteinen häufig ineffizient. Eine Alternative ist die Kombination moderner synthetischer und semisynthetischer Techniken, um lipidierte Proteine in reiner und homogen modifizierter Form zu erhalten. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert Fortschritte in der Entwicklung der Lipidierungs‐ und Ligationschemie und deren Anwendung in der Synthese und Semisynthese homogen lipidierter Proteine, die es ermöglichen, den Einfluss dieser Modifikationen auf die Proteinstruktur und ‐funktion zu untersuchen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C. Hanna
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Institut für Biologische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität WienWienÖsterreich
| | - Luke J. Dowman
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
| | | | - Richard J. Payne
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australien
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12
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Guan I, Williams K, Liu JST, Liu X. Synthetic Thiol and Selenol Derived Amino Acids for Expanding the Scope of Chemical Protein Synthesis. Front Chem 2022; 9:826764. [PMID: 35237567 PMCID: PMC8883728 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.826764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells employ post-translational modifications (PTMs) as key mechanisms to expand proteome diversity beyond the inherent limitations of a concise genome. The ability to incorporate post-translationally modified amino acids into protein targets via chemical ligation of peptide fragments has enabled the access to homogeneous proteins bearing discrete PTM patterns and empowered functional elucidation of individual modification sites. Native chemical ligation (NCL) represents a powerful and robust means for convergent assembly of two homogeneous, unprotected peptides bearing an N-terminal cysteine residue and a C-terminal thioester, respectively. The subsequent discovery that protein cysteine residues can be chemoselectively desulfurized to alanine has ignited tremendous interest in preparing unnatural thiol-derived variants of proteogenic amino acids for chemical protein synthesis following the ligation-desulfurization logic. Recently, the 21st amino acid selenocysteine, together with other selenyl derivatives of amino acids, have been shown to facilitate ultrafast ligation with peptidyl selenoesters, while the advancement in deselenization chemistry has provided reliable bio-orthogonality to PTMs and other amino acids. The combination of these ligation techniques and desulfurization/deselenization chemistries has led to streamlined synthesis of multiple structurally-complex, post-translationally modified proteins. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest chemical synthesis of thiolated and selenylated amino-acid building blocks and exemplify their important roles in conquering challenging protein targets with distinct PTM patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Guan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kayla Williams
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Shu Ting Liu
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Xuyu Liu,
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13
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Bedding MJ, Kulkarni SS, Payne RJ. Diselenide-selenoester ligation in the chemical synthesis of proteins. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:363-399. [PMID: 35101218 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins represent an important class of biomolecules responsible for a plethora of structural and functional roles in vivo. Following their translation on the ribosome, the majority of eukaryotic proteins are post-translationally modified, leading to a proteome that is much larger than the number of genes present in a given organism. In order to understand the functional role of a given protein modification, it is necessary to access peptides and proteins bearing homogeneous and site-specific modifications. Accordingly, there has been significant research effort centered on the development of peptide ligation methodologies for the chemical synthesis of modified proteins. In this chapter we outline the discovery and development of a contemporary methodology called the diselenide-selenoester ligation (DSL) that enables the rapid and efficient fusion of peptide fragments to generate synthetic proteins. The practical aspects of using DSL for the preparation of chemically modified peptides and proteins in the laboratory is described. In addition, recent advances in the application of the methodology are outlined, exemplified by the synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of complex protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Bedding
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sameer S Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Cheng R, Liu J, Daithankar V, Rozovsky S. Applying selenocysteine-mediated expressed protein ligation to prepare the membrane enzyme selenoprotein S. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:159-185. [PMID: 35101209 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered membrane-bound selenoprotein s (selenos) takes part in the protein quality control pathway, vesicle trafficking, and NF-kB signaling. The reactive selenocysteine (Sec) at the penultimate position is responsible for its enzymatic activity. We report the preparation of the soluble segment as well as the full-length selenos using expressed protein ligation. This chapter discusses the practical considerations of expressed protein ligation using selenopeptides and describes our optimized procedure for the semi-synthesis of selenos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Vidyadhar Daithankar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Syva formulation, Siemens Healthineers, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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15
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Long JE, Scott D, Williams HEL, Oldham NJ, Layfield R, Mitchell NJ. Site‐Selective Installation of N
ϵ
‐Modified Sidechains into Peptide and Protein Scaffolds via Visible‐Light‐Mediated Desulfurative C–C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C. Griffiths
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Frances R. Smith
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jed E. Long
- Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Daniel Scott
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil J. Oldham
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Nicholas J. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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16
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Peregrina JM, Oroz P, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Zurbano MM. Strategies for the Synthesis of Selenocysteine Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1588-9763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstractβ-Seleno-α-amino acids, known as selenocysteine (Sec) derivatives, have emerged as important targets because of their role in chemical biology, not only as part of selenoproteins with important redox properties, but also because of their activity as antivirals or metabolites effective in inhibiting carcinogenesis. In addition, there is demand for this type of compounds due to their use in native chemical ligation to construct large peptides. Therefore, this review summarizes the various synthetic methods that have been published to construct Sec derivatives. Most of them involve the generation of the C–Se bond by nucleophilic substitution reactions, but other reactions such as radical or multicomponent strategies are also reported. Of particular importance is the Se-Michael addition of Se-nucleophiles to chiral bicyclic dehydroalanines, in which the stereogenic center is generated under complete stereocontrol.1 Introduction2 Previously Reviewed Synthesis of Sec3 Retrosynthesis of Sec Derivatives4 Sec Derivatives by Nucleophilic Substitutions5 Sec Derivatives by Radical Processes6 Sec Derivatives by 1,4-Conjugate Additions7 Conclusion
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17
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Fang Y, Li X, Liu C, Tang J, Chen Z. Nucleophilic Substitution of Selenosulfonates with Me 3SiCF 2Br: Facile and Efficient Access to Bromodifluoromethylated Selenides under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18081-18093. [PMID: 34823360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of bromodifluoromethylated selenides under metal-free conditions is described here. Commercially available Me3SiCF2Br and bench-stable selenosulfonates react smoothly to give a broad scope of alkyl- and aryl-substituted bromodifluoromethylated selenides in moderate to good yields via a difluorocarbene intermediate. This protocol features a short reaction time, the absence of toxic waste, good scalability, and successful late-stage modification of bioactive molecules. In addition, the title products can be easily converted to different fluorinated and 18F-labeled selenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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18
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Long JE, Scott D, Williams HEL, Oldham NJ, Layfield R, Mitchell NJ. Site-Selective Installation of N ϵ -Modified Sidechains into Peptide and Protein Scaffolds via Visible-Light-Mediated Desulfurative C-C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110223. [PMID: 34713958 PMCID: PMC9299887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enhance the repertoire of protein function and mediate or influence the activity of many cellular processes. The preparation of site-specifically and homogeneously modified proteins, to apply as tools to understand the biological role of PTMs, is a challenging task. Herein, we describe a visible-light-mediated desulfurative C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond forming reaction that enables the site-selective installation of Nϵ -modified sidechains into peptides and proteins of interest. Rapid, operationally simple, and tolerant to ambient atmosphere, we demonstrate the installation of a range of lysine (Lys) PTMs into model peptide systems and showcase the potential of this technology by site-selectively installing an Nϵ Ac sidechain into recombinantly expressed ubiquitin (Ub).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Frances R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jed E Long
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Daniel Scott
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil J Oldham
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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19
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Hanna C, Kriegesmann J, Dowman L, Becker C, Payne RJ. Chemical Synthesis and Semisynthesis of Lipidated Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111266. [PMID: 34611966 PMCID: PMC9303669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation is a ubiquitous modification of peptides and proteins that can occur either co‐ or post‐translationally. An array of different lipid classes can adorn proteins and has been shown to influence a number of crucial biological activities, including the regulation of signaling, cell–cell adhesion events, and the anchoring of proteins to lipid rafts and phospholipid membranes. Whereas nature employs a range of enzymes to install lipid modifications onto proteins, the use of these for the chemoenzymatic generation of lipidated proteins is often inefficient or impractical. An alternative is to harness the power of modern synthetic and semisynthetic technologies to access lipid‐modified proteins in a pure and homogeneously modified form. This Review aims to highlight significant advances in the development of lipidation and ligation chemistry and their implementation in the synthesis and semisynthesis of homogeneous lipidated proteins that have enabled the influence of these modifications on protein structure and function to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Hanna
- The University of Sydney, Chemistry, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - Luke Dowman
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - Christian Becker
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - Richard James Payne
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, Eastern Avenue, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
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20
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Lapcinska S, Dimitrijevs P, Arsenyan P. Visible Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Se−S Bond‐Containing Peptides. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sindija Lapcinska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Pavels Dimitrijevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles 21 LV-1006 Riga Latvia
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21
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Griffiths RC, Mitchell NJ. The Chemical Synthesis of Site-Specifically Modified Proteins Via Diselenide-Selenoester Ligation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2355:231-251. [PMID: 34386962 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1617-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide ligation techniques enable the controlled chemical synthesis of native and engineered proteins, including examples that display site-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) and non-proteinogenic functionality. Diselenide-selenoester ligation (DSL) is a recent addition to the synthetic methodology that offers several advantages over existing strategies. The standard DSL reaction involves the additive-free ligation of a peptide carrying an N-terminal selenocysteine (Sec) residue with a fragment bearing a C-terminal selenoester. This operationally simple ligation proceeds rapidly at sterically hindered junctions and is efficient across a broad pH range. The incorporation of deselenization and oxidative deselenization techniques into the DSL protocol enables conversion of the Sec residue at the ligation site to alanine (Ala) and serine (Ser), respectively, thus enhancing the scope and versatility of the method. In this chapter, we describe the application of DSL to the one-pot chemical synthesis of proteins via both two-component and three-component ligation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas J Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
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22
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Kambanis L, Chisholm TS, Kulkarni SS, Payne RJ. Rapid one-pot iterative diselenide-selenoester ligation using a novel coumarin-based photolabile protecting group. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10014-10021. [PMID: 34349969 PMCID: PMC8317654 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an iterative one-pot peptide ligation strategy is described that capitalises on the rapid and efficient nature of the diselenide–selenoester ligation reaction, together with photodeselenisation chemistry. This ligation strategy hinged on the development of a novel photolabile protecting group for the side chain of selenocysteine, namely the 7-diethylamino-3-methyl coumarin (DEAMC) moiety. Deprotection of this DEAMC group can be effected in a mild, reagent-free manner using visible light (λ = 450 nm) without deleterious deselenisation of selenocysteine residues, thus enabling a subsequent ligation reaction without purification. The use of this DEAMC-protected selenocysteine in iterative DSL chemistry is highlighted through the efficient one-pot syntheses of 60- and 80-residue fragments of mucin-1 as well as apolipoprotein CIII in just 2–4 hours. A method for the rapid one-pot iterative assembly of proteins via diselenide–selenoester ligation (DSL) chemistry is described that capitalises on a novel coumarin-based photolabile protecting group for selenocysteine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kambanis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Timothy S Chisholm
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Sameer S Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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23
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Muramatsu W, Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Amide bond formation: beyond the dilemma between activation and racemisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6346-6359. [PMID: 34121110 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods for amide bond formation without recourse to typical condensation reagents has become an emerging research area and has been actively explored in the past quarter century. Inspired by the structure of vitamin B12, we have developed a metal-templated macrolactamisation that generates a new wave towards classical macrolactam synthesis. Further, distinct from the extensively used methods with condensation reagents or catalysts based on catalyst/reagent control our metal-catalysed methods based on substrate control can effectively address long-standing challenges such as racemisation in the field of peptide chemistry. In addition, the substrate-controlled strategy demonstrates the feasibility of "remote" peptide bond-forming reaction catalysed by a metal-ligand complex. Moreover, an originally designed hydrosilane/aminosilane system can avoid not only racemisation but also unnecessary waste production. This feature article documents our discovery and application of our original approaches in amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Muramatsu
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Hattori
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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24
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Premdjee B, Andersen AS, Larance M, Conde-Frieboes KW, Payne RJ. Chemical Synthesis of Phosphorylated Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5336-5342. [PMID: 33797881 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical protein synthesis is a powerful avenue for accessing homogeneously modified proteins. While a significant number of small modified proteins bearing native post-translational modifications and non-natural modifications have been generated to date, access to larger targets has proved challenging. Herein, we describe the use of two ligation manifolds, namely, diselenide-selenoester ligation and native chemical ligation, to assemble a 31.5 kDa phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-2) that comprises 290 amino acid residues, a phosphoserine post-translational modification, and nine disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Premdjee
- Department of Research Chemistry. Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Asser S Andersen
- Department of Recombinant Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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25
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Agten SM, Watson EE, Ripoll‐Rozada J, Dowman LJ, Wu MCL, Alwis I, Jackson SP, Pereira PJB, Payne RJ. Potent Trivalent Inhibitors of Thrombin through Hybridization of Salivary Sulfopeptides from Hematophagous Arthropods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn M. Agten
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Emma E. Watson
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Jorge Ripoll‐Rozada
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto 4200-135 Porto Portugal
| | - Luke J. Dowman
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mike C. L. Wu
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Heart Research Institute Sydney NSW 2042 Australia
| | - Imala Alwis
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Heart Research Institute Sydney NSW 2042 Australia
| | - Shaun P. Jackson
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Heart Research Institute Sydney NSW 2042 Australia
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto 4200-135 Porto Portugal
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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26
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Agten SM, Watson EE, Ripoll-Rozada J, Dowman LJ, Wu MCL, Alwis I, Jackson SP, Pereira PJB, Payne RJ. Potent Trivalent Inhibitors of Thrombin through Hybridization of Salivary Sulfopeptides from Hematophagous Arthropods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5348-5356. [PMID: 33345438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood feeding arthropods, such as leeches, ticks, flies and mosquitoes, provide a privileged source of peptidic anticoagulant molecules. These primarily operate through inhibition of the central coagulation protease thrombin by binding to the active site and either exosite I or exosite II. Herein, we describe the rational design of a novel class of trivalent thrombin inhibitors that simultaneously block both exosites as well as the active site. These engineered hybrids were synthesized using tandem diselenide-selenoester ligation (DSL) and native chemical ligation (NCL) reactions in one-pot. The most potent trivalent inhibitors possessed femtomolar inhibition constants against α-thrombin and were selective over related coagulation proteases. A lead hybrid inhibitor possessed potent anticoagulant activity, blockade of both thrombin generation and platelet aggregation in vitro and efficacy in a murine thrombosis model at 1 mg kg-1 . The rational engineering approach described here lays the foundation for the development of potent and selective inhibitors for a range of other enzymatic targets that possess multiple sites for the disruption of protein-protein interactions, in addition to an active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn M Agten
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma E Watson
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Jorge Ripoll-Rozada
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luke J Dowman
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike C L Wu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Imala Alwis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Shaun P Jackson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
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27
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Long JE, Williams HEL, Layfield R, Mitchell NJ. Site-Selective Modification of Peptides and Proteins via Interception of Free-Radical-Mediated Dechalcogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23659-23667. [PMID: 32893423 PMCID: PMC7756370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of site‐selective chemistry targeting the canonical amino acids enables the controlled installation of desired functionalities into native peptides and proteins. Such techniques facilitate the development of polypeptide conjugates to advance therapeutics, diagnostics, and fundamental science. We report a versatile and selective method to functionalize peptides and proteins through free‐radical‐mediated dechalcogenation. By exploiting phosphine‐induced homolysis of the C−Se and C−S bonds of selenocysteine and cysteine, respectively, we demonstrate the site‐selective installation of groups appended to a persistent radical trap. The reaction is rapid, operationally simple, and chemoselective. The resulting aminooxy linker is stable under a variety of conditions and selectively cleavable in the presence of a low‐oxidation‐state transition metal. We have explored the full scope of this reaction using complex peptide systems and a recombinantly expressed protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Frances R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jed E Long
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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28
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Long JE, Williams HEL, Layfield R, Mitchell NJ. Site‐Selective Modification of Peptides and Proteins via Interception of Free‐Radical‐Mediated Dechalcogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C. Griffiths
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Frances R. Smith
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jed E. Long
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Nicholas J. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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29
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Enhancing native chemical ligation for challenging chemical protein syntheses. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 58:37-44. [PMID: 32745915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation has enabled the chemical synthesis of proteins for a wide variety of applications (e.g., mirror-image proteins). However, inefficiencies of this chemoselective ligation in the context of large or otherwise challenging protein targets can limit the practical scope of chemical protein synthesis. In this review, we focus on recent developments aimed at enhancing and expanding native chemical ligation for challenging protein syntheses. Chemical auxiliaries, use of selenium chemistry, and templating all enable ligations at otherwise suboptimal junctions. The continuing development of these tools is making the chemical synthesis of large proteins increasingly accessible.
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30
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Lin JD, Liu X. Recent Development in Ligation Methods for Glycopeptide and Glycoprotein Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2548-2557. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Desmond Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xue‐Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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31
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Yin H, Zheng M, Chen H, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Wang P. Stereoselective and Divergent Construction of β-Thiolated/Selenolated Amino Acids via Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Giese Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14201-14209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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32
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33
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Clayton D, Kulkarni SS, Sayers J, Dowman LJ, Ripoll-Rozada J, Pereira PJB, Payne RJ. Chemical synthesis of a haemathrin sulfoprotein library reveals enhanced thrombin inhibition following tyrosine sulfation. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and thrombin inhibitory activity of eight homogeneously sulfated variants of the haemathrin proteins from tick saliva is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clayton
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Jessica Sayers
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Luke J. Dowman
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jorge Ripoll-Rozada
- IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular & Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Universidade do Porto
- 4200-135 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular & Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Universidade do Porto
- 4200-135 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science
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34
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Zhao Z, Metanis N. Utilizing Copper-Mediated Deprotection of Selenazolidine for Cyclic Peptide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1731-1739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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35
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Wang X, Corcilius L, Premdjee B, Payne RJ. Synthesis and Utility of β-Selenophenylalanine and β-Selenoleucine in Diselenide–Selenoester Ligation. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1567-1578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bhavesh Premdjee
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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36
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Chisholm TS, Kulkarni SS, Hossain KR, Cornelius F, Clarke RJ, Payne RJ. Peptide Ligation at High Dilution via Reductive Diselenide-Selenoester Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1090-1100. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer S. Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Flemming Cornelius
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ronald J. Clarke
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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37
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LU D, Yin H, Wang S, Tang F, Huang W, Wang P. Chemical Synthesis of the Homogeneous Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Through Se-Auxiliary-Mediated Ligation. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1652-1660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan LU
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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38
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Wang S, Thopate YA, Zhou Q, Wang P. Chemical Protein Synthesis by Native Chemical Ligation and Variations Thereof. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yogesh Abaso Thopate
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
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39
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Chow HY, Zhang Y, Matheson E, Li X. Ligation Technologies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9971-10001. [PMID: 31318534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have been attracting a lot of attention in recent decades, especially in the area of drug discovery, as more and more naturally occurring cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities have been discovered. Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides is essential when studying their structure-activity relationships. Conventional peptide cyclization methods via direct coupling have inherent limitations, like the susceptibility to epimerization at the C-terminus, poor solubility of fully protected peptide precursors, and low yield caused by oligomerization. In this regard, chemoselective ligation-mediated cyclization methods have emerged as effective strategies for cyclic peptide synthesis. The toolbox for cyclic peptide synthesis has been expanded substantially in the past two decades, allowing more efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides with various scaffolds and modifications. This Review will explore different chemoselective ligation technologies used for cyclic peptide synthesis that generate both native and unnatural peptide linkages. The practical issues and limitations of different methods will be discussed. The advance in cyclic peptide synthesis will benefit the biological and medicinal study of cyclic peptides, an important class of macrocycles with potentials in numerous fields, notably in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Eilidh Matheson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH8 9LE , United Kingdom
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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40
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Yin H, Lu D, Wang S, Wang P. Development of Powerful Auxiliary-Mediated Ligation To Facilitate Rapid Protein Assembly. Org Lett 2019; 21:5138-5142. [PMID: 31247759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe an Se-auxiliary mediated ligation protocol capable of rapid native chemical ligations at sterically hindered junctions, followed by in situ auxiliary cleavage under neutral conditions without affecting unprotected Cys residues. This auxiliary, which is prepared from phenyl acetaldehyde in one step, can be conveniently attached to the N-terminal region of a peptide via a reductive amination or coupling reaction. We demonstrated this methodology by synthesizing two protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
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41
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Kulkarni SS, Watson EE, Premdjee B, Conde-Frieboes KW, Payne RJ. Diselenide–selenoester ligation for chemical protein synthesis. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2229-2257. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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42
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Rapid assembly and profiling of an anticoagulant sulfoprotein library. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13873-13878. [PMID: 31221752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905177116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematophagous organisms produce a suite of salivary proteins which interact with the host's coagulation machinery to facilitate the acquisition and digestion of a bloodmeal. Many of these biomolecules inhibit the central blood-clotting serine proteinase thrombin that is also the target of several clinically approved anticoagulants. Here a bioinformatics approach is used to identify seven tick proteins with putative thrombin inhibitory activity that we predict to be posttranslationally sulfated at two conserved tyrosine residues. To corroborate the biological role of these molecules and investigate the effects of amino acid sequence and sulfation modifications on thrombin inhibition and anticoagulant activity, a library of 34 homogeneously sulfated protein variants were rapidly assembled using one-pot diselenide-selenoester ligation (DSL)-deselenization chemistry. Downstream functional characterization validated the thrombin-directed activity of all target molecules and revealed that posttranslational sulfation of specific tyrosine residues crucially modulates potency. Importantly, access to this homogeneously modified protein library not only enabled the determination of key structure-activity relationships and the identification of potent anticoagulant leads, but also revealed subtleties in the mechanism of thrombin inhibition, between and within the families, that would be impossible to predict from the amino acid sequence alone. The synthetic platform described here therefore serves as a highly valuable tool for the generation and thorough characterization of libraries of related peptide and/or protein molecules (with or without modifications) for the identification of lead candidates for medicinal chemistry programs.
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43
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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44
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Conibear AC, Muttenthaler M. Advancing the Frontiers of Chemical Protein Synthesis-The 7 th CPS Meeting, Haifa, Israel. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 25:247-254. [PMID: 29547714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The 7th Chemical Protein Synthesis Meeting took place in September 2017 in Haifa, Israel, bringing together 100 scientists from 11 countries. The cutting-edge scientific program included new synthetic strategies and ligation auxiliaries, novel insights into protein signaling and post-translational modifications, and a range of promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Conibear
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia.
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45
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Sayers J, Karpati PMT, Mitchell NJ, Goldys AM, Kwong SM, Firth N, Chan B, Payne RJ. Construction of Challenging Proline–Proline Junctions via Diselenide–Selenoester Ligation Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13327-13334. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sayers
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Anna M. Goldys
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Kwong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Neville Firth
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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46
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Accelerated microfluidic native chemical ligation at difficult amino acids toward cyclic peptides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2847. [PMID: 30030439 PMCID: PMC6054628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptide-based therapeutics have a promising growth forecast that justifies the development of microfluidic systems dedicated to their production, in phase with the actual transitioning toward continuous flow and microfluidic technologies for pharmaceutical production. The application of the most popular method for peptide cyclization in water, i.e., native chemical ligation, under microfluidic conditions is still unexplored. Herein, we report a general strategy for fast and efficient peptide cyclization using native chemical ligation under homogeneous microfluidic conditions. The strategy relies on a multistep sequence that concatenates the formation of highly reactive S-(2-((2-sulfanylethyl)amino)ethyl) peptidyl thioesters from stable peptide amide precursors with an intramolecular ligation step. With very fast ligation rates (<5 min), even for the most difficult junctions (including threonine, valine, isoleucine, or proline), this technology opens the door toward the scale-independent, expedient preparation of bioactive macrocyclic peptides. Flow-based peptide synthesis is a well-established method, yet difficult to combine with native chemical ligation (NCL), the go-to method for peptide cyclization. Here, the authors developed a microfluidic procedure for peptide cyclization within minutes, using NCL and an SEA alkylthioester peptide.
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47
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Liu J, Zheng F, Cheng R, Li S, Rozovsky S, Wang Q, Wang L. Site-Specific Incorporation of Selenocysteine Using an Expanded Genetic Code and Palladium-Mediated Chemical Deprotection. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8807-8816. [PMID: 29984990 PMCID: PMC6082430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selenoproteins containing the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) exist in all three kingdoms of life and play essential roles in human health and development. The distinct low p Ka, high reactivity, and redox property of Sec also afford unique routes to protein modification and engineering. However, natural Sec incorporation requires idiosyncratic translational machineries that are dedicated to Sec and species-dependent, which makes it challenging to recombinantly prepare selenoproteins with high Sec specificity. As a consequence, the function of half of human selenoproteins remains unclear, and Sec-based protein manipulation has been greatly hampered. Here we report a new general method enabling the site-specific incorporation of Sec into proteins in E. coli. An orthogonal tRNAPyl-ASecRS was evolved to specifically incorporate Se-allyl selenocysteine (ASec) in response to the amber codon, and the incorporated ASec was converted to Sec in high efficiency through palladium-mediated cleavage under mild conditions compatible with proteins and cells. This approach completely obviates the natural Sec-dedicated factors, thus allowing various selenoproteins, regardless of Sec position and species source, to be prepared with high Sec specificity and enzyme activity, as shown by the preparation of human thioredoxin and glutathione peroxidase 1. Sec-selective labeling in the presence of Cys was also demonstrated on the surface of live E. coli cells. The tRNAPyl-ASecRS pair was further used in mammalian cells to incorporate ASec, which was converted into Sec by palladium catalyst in cellulo. This robust and versatile method should greatly facilitate the study of diverse natural selenoproteins and the engineering of proteins in general via site-specific introduction of Sec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Feng Zheng
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 310018
| | - Rujin Cheng
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Shanshan Li
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, 94158
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Qian Wang
- Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 310018
| | - Lei Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, 94158
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48
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Abstract
Synthetic proteins are expected to go beyond the boundary of recombinant DNA expression systems by being flexibly installed with site-specific natural or unnatural modification structures during synthesis. To enable protein chemical synthesis, peptide ligations provide effective strategies to assemble short peptide fragments obtained from solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) into long peptides and proteins. In this regard, chemoselective peptide ligation represents a simple but powerful transformation realizing selective amide formation between the C-terminus and N-terminus of two side-chain-unprotected peptide fragments. These reactions are highly chemo- and regioselective to tolerate the side-chain functionalities present on the unprotected peptides, highly reactive to work with millmolar or submillimolar concentrations of the substrates, and operationally simple with mild conditions and accessible building blocks. This Account focuses on our work in the development of serine/threonine ligation (STL), which originates from a chemoselective reaction between an unprotected peptide with a C-terminal salicylaldehyde (SAL) ester and another unprotected peptide with an N-terminal serine or threonine residue. Mechanistically, STL involves imine capture, 5- endo-trig ring-chain tautomerization, O-to- N [1,5] acyl transfer to afford the N, O-benzylidene acetal-linked peptide, and acidolysis to regenerate the Xaa-Ser/Thr linkage (where Xaa is the amino acid) at the ligation site. The high abundance of serine and threonine residues (12.7%) in naturally occurring proteins and the good compatibility of STL with various C-terminal residues provide multiple choices for ligation sites. The requisite peptide C-terminal SAL esters can be prepared from the peptide fragments obtained from both Fmoc-SPPS and Boc-SPPS through four available methods (a safety-catch strategy based on phenolysis, direct coupling, ozonolysis, and the n + 1 strategy). In the synthesis of proteins (e.g., ACYP enzyme, MUC1 glycopeptide 40-mer to 80-mer, interleukin 25, and HMGA1a with variable post-translational modification patterns), both C-to- N and N-to- C sequential STL strategies have been developed through selection of temporal N-terminal protecting groups and proper design of the switch-on/off C-terminal SAL ester surrogate, respectively. In the synthesis of cyclic peptide natural products (e.g., daptomycin, teixobactin, cyclomontanin B, yunnanin C) and their analogues, intramolecular head-to-tail STL has been implemented on linear peptide SAL ester precursors containing four to 10 amino acid residues with good efficiency and minimized oligomerization. As a thiol-independent chemoselective ligation complementary to native chemical ligation, STL provides an alternative tool for the chemical synthesis of homogeneous proteins with site-specific and structure-defined modifications and cyclic peptide natural products, which lays foundation for chemical biology and medicinal studies of those molecules with biological importance and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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49
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Du JJ, Xin LM, Lei Z, Zou SY, Xu WB, Wang CW, Zhang L, Gao XF, Guo J. Glycopeptide ligation via direct aminolysis of selenoester. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Chisholm TS, Clayton D, Dowman LJ, Sayers J, Payne RJ. Native Chemical Ligation-Photodesulfurization in Flow. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9020-9024. [PMID: 29792427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) combined with desulfurization chemistry has revolutionized the way in which large polypeptides and proteins are accessed by chemical synthesis. Herein, we outline the use of flow chemistry for the ligation-based assembly of polypeptides. We also describe the development of a novel photodesulfurization transformation that, when coupled with flow NCL, enables efficient access to native polypeptides on time scales up to 2 orders of magnitude faster than current batch NCL-desulfurization methods. The power of the new ligation-photodesulfurization flow platform is showcased through the rapid synthesis of the 36 residue clinically approved HIV entry inhibitor enfuvirtide and the peptide diagnostic agent somatorelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Chisholm
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Daniel Clayton
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Luke J Dowman
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Jessica Sayers
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
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