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Bentley LA, Eager R, Savage S, Nielson C, White SLJ, Williams KE. A translational application of music for preschool cognitive development: RCT evidence for improved executive function, self-regulation, and school readiness. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13358. [PMID: 36511452 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of active music participation and training for cognitive development have been evidenced in multiple studies, with this link leveraged in music therapy approaches with clinical populations. Although music, rhythm, and movement activities are widely integrated into children's play and early education, few studies have systematically translated music therapy-based approaches to a nonclinical population to support early cognitive development. This study reports the follow-up effects of the Rhythm and Movement for Self Regulation (RAMSR) program delivered by generalist preschool teachers in low socioeconomic communities. This randomized control trial (RCT) involved 213 children across eight preschools in disadvantaged communities in Queensland, Australia. The intervention group received 16-20 sessions of RAMSR over 8 weeks, while the control group undertook usual preschool programs. Primary outcome measures included executive function (child assessment of shifting, working memory, and inhibition) and self-regulation (teacher report), with secondary outcomes of school readiness and visual-motor integration. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and again 6 months later once children had transitioned into school. Results demonstrated significant intervention effects across the three time points for school readiness (p = 0.038, ηp 2 = 0.09), self-regulation (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.08), and inhibition (p = 0.002 ηp 2 = 0.23). Additionally, the feasibility of building capacity in teachers without any music background to successfully deliver the program was evidenced. These findings are important given that children from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to need support for cognitive development yet have inequitable access to quality music and movement programs. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Initial effects of self-regulation from a rhythm and movement program were sustained following transition into school for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Delayed effects of inhibition and school readiness from a rhythm and movement program appeared 6 months post-intervention as children entered school. Generalist teachers can successfully implement a rhythm and movement program, which boosts critical developmental cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bentley
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca Eager
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sally Savage
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cathy Nielson
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sonia L J White
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate E Williams
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Mehta D, Kelly AB, Laurens KR, Haslam D, Williams KE, Walsh K, Baker PRA, Carter HE, Khawaja NG, Zelenko O, Mathews B. Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploration of Biopsychosocial Determinants and Implications for Prevention. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:421-435. [PMID: 34586552 PMCID: PMC8480117 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment rates remain unacceptably high and rates are likely to escalate as COVID-related economic problems continue. A comprehensive and evidence-building approach is needed to prevent, detect and intervene where child maltreatment occurs. This review identifies key challenges in definitions, overviews the latest data on prevalence rates, reviews risk and protective factors, and examines common long-term mental health outcomes for children who experience maltreatment. The review takes a systems approach to child maltreatment outcomes through its focus on the overall burden of disease, gene-environment interactions, neurobiological mechanisms and social ecologies linking maltreatment to mental ill-health. Five recommendations relating to the accurate measurement of trends, research on brain structures and processes, improving the reach and impact of teleservices for detecting, preventing and treating child maladjustment, community-based approaches, and building population-focused multidisciplinary alliances and think tanks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Divna Haslam
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate E. Williams
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerryann Walsh
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip R. A. Baker
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah E. Carter
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nigar G. Khawaja
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oksana Zelenko
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben Mathews
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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3
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Wang X, Wu Q, Phelps BJ. How Do Fathers Help? A Moderation Analysis of the Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Behavioral Health in Fragile Families. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:754-764. [PMID: 33830394 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Existing research has built concrete links between trauma exposure and lifelong behavioral health outcomes. However, the ways by which father engagement buffers the detrimental effects of trauma on early childhood behavioral health remains unexplored. Using the data of 3001 mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, we conducted a moderation analysis to examine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), child behavioral health, father engagement, and maternal education. We found that ACEs at child age three were positively associated with child externalizing and internalizing behaviors at child age five. Father engagement at child age one buffered the harmful effects of ACEs on child externalizing behaviors, but this effect was only significant for children living with mothers with an education level lower than high school. Child psychiatrists should view father engagement as a critical factor in fostering child resilience, particularly for children living in families with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, White Hall 220, 150 Crouse Dr, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Family and Child Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin John Phelps
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, White Hall 220, 150 Crouse Dr, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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Williams KE, Bentley LA. Latent Profiles of Teacher-Reported Self-Regulation and Assessed Executive Function in Low-Income Community Preschools: Relations With Motor, Social, and School Readiness Outcomes. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708514. [PMID: 34646197 PMCID: PMC8503553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study contributes to understandings of early childhood self-regulation and executive function, and their components, through taking a person-centered approach to investigating how these skills cluster together in children aged 4-5years. A sample of children (N=206) from preschools in low socioeconomic communities were assessed through teacher report of self-regulation and three executive function tasks at the commencement of the preschool year. Outcome variables included teacher report of social skills and behavioral problems, and children's school readiness and visual motor integration skills were directly assessed. When the scores from this low-income sample were compared to available norms, over 70% of children scored below the 50th percentile in executive function measures, approximately 20% were below average in self-regulation skills, 48% were delayed in school readiness scores, 36% had above average levels of internalizing problems, and 25% were above average in externalizing problems. A series of four latent profile models each used different measurement approaches and combinations of self-regulation and executive function components. In three of the four models (two which combined self-regulation and executive function measures and one with teacher report of self-regulation only), a high skill and low skill profile were found with 31 to 42% of children in the low profile depending on the model. Children were very similarly classified across all three models. When three executive function scores were modeled alone, a more complex three-profile solution emerged (low, moderate, and high) with 52% in the low profile. Children identified in the low profiles across all models were at greater risk of poorer school readiness, visual motor integration and social skills, and increased behavioral problems. Taken together, the findings suggest that self-regulation and executive function skills tend to cluster together at this age and in this low-income sample. Composite scores of teacher report of self-regulation are somewhat sufficient in identifying children who also have poorer executive function skills and are at risk of poorer motor, social, and school readiness outcomes. These children are an important target group for additional supports prior to school entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Williams
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Shan W, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK, Jiang F. Association between Maltreatment, Positive Parent-Child Interaction, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Young Children. J Pediatr 2019; 213:180-186.e1. [PMID: 31402144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence of maltreatment and the combined effect of maltreatment and frequency of positive parent-child interaction on psychosocial well-being in young children in China. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study was conducted in 2016 in a representative sample of 20 324 children aged 3-4 years who were newly enrolled in kindergartens in Shanghai, China. All data were collected through online platforms. Parents reported the maltreatment history of their children and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Chinese Parent-Child Interaction Scale. RESULTS The prevalence of parent-reported child maltreatment in Shanghai was 2.70% (95% CI, 2.38-3.05). A history of maltreatment increased the risk of total difficulties (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.39-4.03) and prosocial problems (aOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.37-3.91). A high frequency of positive parent-child interaction had a moderating effect on the correlation between maltreatment and prosocial problems. CONCLUSIONS Maltreated children had an increased risk of developing psychosocial problems, particularly those with a low frequency of positive parent-child interactions. A higher frequency of positive parent-child interactions may be associated with fewer adverse outcomes in maltreated children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shan
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Center, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.
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6
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A Meta-Analysis of Parenting Practices and Child Psychosocial Outcomes in Trauma-Informed Parenting Interventions after Violence Exposure. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 19:927-938. [PMID: 30136246 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Over half of all youth are exposed to violence, which a growing body of literature suggests is associated with a broad range of negative developmental outcomes over the life course. However, best practices for supporting parenting are not widely applied to parents with children exposed to violence-related trauma. This meta-analyses seeks to synthesize the literature base of trauma-informed parenting interventions to better understand their potential impact on parenting and child outcomes. Specifically, 21 trauma-informed parenting interventions were identified that quantitatively assessed intervention effects on parenting and child outcomes. Six meta-analyses were conducted to assess intervention effects on (1) positive parenting practices, (2) negative parenting practices, (3) parenting stress, (4) children's internalizing problems, (5) children's externalizing problems, and (6) trauma symptoms, respectively. Moderate to large effect sizes were found for positive parenting practices (d = 0.62) as well as child internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and trauma symptoms (d = 0.48-0.59). Validity tests indicated robust findings for positive parenting and for all child outcomes. Additional moderator analyses support the importance of informed intervention design, showing differential findings by trauma type as well as by duration of the intervention. These findings indicate the value of evidence-based parenting interventions for violence-related trauma and support models of trauma-informed care that situate treatment in the broader social context, particularly the family. Results are discussed with respect to which parenting practices hold the most promise for supporting children exposed to violence-related trauma.
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7
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Crespo LM, Trentacosta CJ, Udo-Inyang I, Northerner L, Chaudhry K, Williams A. Self-Regulation Mitigates the Association between Household Chaos and Children's Behavior Problems. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 60:56-64. [PMID: 31772417 PMCID: PMC6879109 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential negative effects that early childhood behavioral problems have on later development, it is important to elucidate risk and protective factors. This study examined household chaos as a predictor of externalizing and internalizing problems among young children from low-income families. Additionally, self-regulation was examined as a moderator of the association between chaos and behavior problems. One hundred young adult mother-toddler dyads participated. Moderation analyses indicated that self-regulation buffered the association between household chaos and child behavior problems. Specifically, greater household chaos was associated with more behavior problems, but only among children with poorer self-regulation. Notably, this pattern was observed for both externalizing and internalizing problems. These findings suggest that early interventions targeting young children's self-regulation skills could help prevent behavior problems among children living in chaotic home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Crespo
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave. 7 Floor, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Christopher J. Trentacosta
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave. 7 Floor, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Ini Udo-Inyang
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Ave., Detroit MI, 48202
| | - Laura Northerner
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave. 7 Floor, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Kiren Chaudhry
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave. 7 Floor, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Alexis Williams
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave. 7 Floor, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
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8
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Fay-Stammbach T, Hawes DJ. Caregiver ratings and performance-based indices of executive function among preschoolers with and without maltreatment experience. Child Neuropsychol 2018; 25:721-741. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2018.1530344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Maciejewski D, Brieant A, Lee J, King-Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Neural Cognitive Control Moderates the Relation between Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 49:118-133. [PMID: 30084647 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1491005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present longitudinal study examined the role of neural cognitive control in the relation between negative and positive life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents. The sample comprised 138 adolescents (52% male, Mage = 13.49 at baseline) and their parents. At Time 1, adolescents participated in a functional neuroimaging session in which neural cognitive control was measured as hemodynamic activity during an inhibitory control task, and parents reported on adolescents' positive and negative life events within the past year. Adolescents and parents reported on adolescent depressive symptoms at Time 1, Time 2 (1 year later), and Time 3 (2 years later). Conditional latent growth curve model was used to test the main and interaction effects of neural cognitive control and positive/negative life events on the growth factors of depressive symptoms. Higher neural cognitive control moderated the relation between negative life events and the intercept of depressive symptoms. Adolescents with higher neural cognitive control did not experience higher depressive symptoms when confronted with more negative life events, whereas their counterparts with lower neural cognitive control did. The interaction effect between neural cognitive control and positive life events on depressive symptoms was not significant. Results suggest that neural cognitive control acts as a protective factor such that adolescents with higher neural cognitive control are protected against depressionogenic effects of negative life events, whereas adolescents with lower cognitive control are at greater risk for depressive symptoms in response to negative life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Maciejewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia
| | | | - Jacob Lee
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech.,Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute
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10
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Jaques ML, Weaver TL, Weaver NL, Willoughby L. The association between pediatric injury risks and parenting behaviours. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:297-303. [PMID: 28983939 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children ages 1-18 years. Many of these injuries to young children occur in their own homes. Although research has explored injury risk prevention strategies, historically, much of this research has focused on environmental changes and teaching safety practices. Currently, there appears to be a gap in current research exploring how parenting influences children's risk of injury. METHODS Mothers (n = 119) of children 5 years and younger were recruited from a paediatric clinic as a part of a larger study and completed measures of parenting challenges, developmentally sensitive parenting, child neglect, parental efficacy, and risk of potential injury situations. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to explore the extent to which developmentally insensitive parenting behaviours put parents at higher risk for behaviours that lead to unintentional injury in children and whether developmentally sensitive parenting behaviours protects children from injury. The association between demographic characteristics and injury risk behaviours was also examined. RESULTS Parents who reported more frequent insensitive parenting behaviours (i.e., yelling, spanking, and putting child in time out) were more likely to report putting their child in an incorrect car seat or taking their child out of a car seat while the car is still moving. In addition, younger parents were at greater risk of storing cleaners and medications unsafely. CONCLUSION Results from this study highlight the importance of supporting younger mothers and educating parents on effective parenting strategies when trying to prevent unintentional injury risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Jaques
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - T L Weaver
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N L Weaver
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Dickerson K, Flynn E, Levine LJ, Quas JA. Are emotions controllable? Maltreated and non-maltreated youth's implicit beliefs about emotion and aggressive tendencies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 77:222-231. [PMID: 29407607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although child maltreatment places youth at substantial risk for difficulties with emotion regulation and aggression, not all maltreated youth show these adverse effects, raising important questions about characteristics that discriminate those who do versus do not evidence long-term negative outcomes. The present investigation examined whether implicit beliefs about emotion moderated the association between maltreatment and aggression. Maltreated (n = 59) and community-matched (n = 66) youth were asked regarding their beliefs about emotion and aggressive behaviors. Beliefs about emotion were more strongly associated with aggression among maltreated youth, particularly physically abused youth. Maltreated youth who believed they had poor ability to control emotion reported significantly higher levels of aggression than comparison youth. However, maltreated youth who believed they had high ability to control emotion did not differ significantly in aggression from that of comparison youth. Findings offer unique insight into a factor that may increase or buffer maltreated youth's risk for aggression and thus highlight potential directions for interventions to reduce aggressive tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Dickerson
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Elinor Flynn
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Linda J Levine
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jodi A Quas
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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12
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Gaxiola Romero JC, Gaxiola Villa E, Frías Armenta M. Interdependencia Funcional de la Crianza Positiva Materna. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-2.vcir] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Según la teoría del desarrollo de la psicopatología, algunas trayectorias del desarrollo resultan en adaptación, otras en psicopatología. Nuestra hipótesis es que algunas variables positivas son funcionales a la adaptación psicológica y participan en nicho adaptativos, que son contextos donde regularmente encontramos las competencias adaptativas, como el estilo de crianza positivo materno. El objetivo del estudio fue probar en un modelo de trayectorias, la interdependencia funcional del estilo positivo materno, usando una muestra de 254 madres, seleccionadas de las escuelas donde sus hijos o hijas estudiaban. Las variables medidas en el modelo fueron cohesión social del vecindario, apoyo social de la familia, salud percibida, autorregulación, autoestima y bienestar psicológico. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis y muestran la interrelación funcional de las variables en el modelo probado, y también la presencia de un nicho adaptativo en el contexto del estilo positivo materno, que puede ser usado como ejemplo para futuras investigaciones.
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13
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Fay-Stammbach T, Hawes DJ, Meredith P. Child maltreatment and emotion socialization: Associations with executive function in the preschool years. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 64:1-12. [PMID: 27988315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined executive function (EF) among preschoolers exposed to maltreatment, and tested whether caregiver practices related to emotion socialization (e.g., reactions to children's emotions; discussion of emotion) moderate the relationship between maltreatment and EF in this period. Participants were (n=107) children aged 4-5 years (M=4.75; SD=0.57; 39% female), with various levels of exposure to maltreatment. Using the Maltreatment Classification System, substantiated reports of maltreatment were coded to produce an index of the multiplicity of abuse subtypes to which children had been exposed. EF was indexed using a composite of scores on three performance-based tests (Happy-Sad Stroop Task; Tapping Test; Dimensional Change Card Sort). Caregivers reported on their use of emotion related socialization behaviors (ERSBs) with the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale. Exposure to maltreatment and ERSBs were both found to account for unique variance in EF, independent of developmental-ecological factors including children's receptive language and maternal depression. Significant interactions between maltreatment and ERSBs were also found to suggest that nonsupportive ERSBs (e.g., punitive reactions to negative child emotion) may amplify the risk for poor EF associated with maltreatment, whereas supportive ERPBs (e.g., expressive encouragement) protect against it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Pamela Meredith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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Assessing the Relationship Between Parental Influences and Wellbeing Among Low Income African American Adolescents in Chicago. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-016-9373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Defining and distinguishing promotive and protective effects for childhood externalizing psychopathology: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:803-15. [PMID: 27130443 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examine evidence for whether decreases in externalizing behaviors are driven by the absence of risk (e.g., lack of poor housing quality) or the presence of something positive (e.g., good housing quality). We also review evidence for whether variables have promotive (main) effects or protective (buffering) effects within contexts of risks. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of longitudinal studies. First, we review studies (n = 7) that trichotomized continuous predictor variables. Trichotomization tests whether the positive end of a variable (e.g., good housing quality) is associated with lower delinquency compared with the mid-range, and whether mid-range scores are associated with fewer problems than the "risky" end (e.g., poor housing quality). We do not review dichotomous variables, because the interpretation of results is the same regardless of which value is the reference group. To address our second aim, we review studies (n = 53) that tested an interaction between a risk and positive factor. RESULTS Both the absence of risk and the presence of positive characteristics were associated with low externalizing problems for IQ, temperament, and some family variables. For other variables, associations with low delinquency involved only the presence of something positive (e.g., good housing quality), or the absence of a risk factor (e.g., community crime). The majority of studies that tested interactions among individual and family characteristics supported protective, rather than promotive, effects. Few studies tested interactions among peer, school, and neighborhood characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We discuss implications for conceptual understanding of promotive and protective factors and for intervention and prevention strategies.
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Abbas T, Zilioli S, Tobin ET, Imami L, Kane HS, Saleh DJ, Slatcher RB. Youth reports of parents' romantic relationship quality: Links to physical health. Health Psychol 2016; 35:927-34. [PMID: 26998733 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior work has shown that negative aspects (e.g., conflict) of marriage or marriage-like relationships are associated with poor health of offspring, but much less is known about the effects of positive aspects (e.g., affection) of parental romantic relationships. This study investigated links between conflict and affection within parents' romantic relationships and the health of youth with asthma. METHOD Eighty youths with asthma aged 10-17 answered daily questions over a 4-day period about conflict and affection within their parents' romantic relationship, as well as their own daily mood, asthma symptoms, and expiratory peak flow. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that romantic affection-but not conflict-was directly associated with higher expiratory peak flow. Further, there was a significant indirect effect of romantic affection via youth positive affect on lower asthma symptoms. CONCLUSION These results are the first to our knowledge to demonstrate that youth-reported positive characteristics of parents' romantic relationships are associated with better health among youth with asthma. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heidi S Kane
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas
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17
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Linhares MBM, Martins CBS. O processo da autorregulação no desenvolvimento de crianças. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-166x2015000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A autorregulação é um processo básico relacionado aos desfechos adaptativos ao longo do desenvolvimento. O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma revisão temática sobre o conceito de autorregulação e suas relações com o desenvolvimento da criança. Primeiramente, foram abordados os fundamentos teóricos sobre o processo de autorregularão no desenvolvimento, de acordo com o Modelo Transacional do Desenvolvimento de Arnold Sameroff. Em seguida, foi focalizada a caracterização deste processo de acordo com os seguintes componentes principais: a regulação cognitiva e os mecanismos neurocognitivos, a regulação emocional e a regulação comportamental. Além disso, foi tratada a relação entre os processos regulatórios e o temperamento. Finalmente, foi também analisada a relevância do papel dos correguladores na composição do processo autorregulatório no desenvolvimento da criança.
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18
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Three-Year Trajectories of Parenting Behaviors Among Physically Abusive Parents and Their Link to Child Adjustment. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-014-9295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hawkins AL, Haskett ME. Internal working models and adjustment of physically abused children: the mediating role of self-regulatory abilities. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:135-43. [PMID: 23848463 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abused children's internal working models (IWM) of relationships are known to relate to their socioemotional adjustment, but mechanisms through which negative representations increase vulnerability to maladjustment have not been explored. We sought to expand the understanding of individual differences in IWM of abused children and investigate the mediating role of self-regulation in links between IWM and adjustment. METHODS Cluster analysis was used to subgroup 74 physically abused children based on their IWM. Internal working models were identified by children's representations, as measured by a narrative story stem task. Self-regulation was assessed by teacher report and a behavioral task, and adjustment was measured by teacher report. RESULTS Cluster analyses indicated two subgroups of abused children with distinct patterns of IWMs. Cluster membership predicted internalizing and externalizing problems. Associations between cluster membership and adjustment were mediated by children's regulation, as measured by teacher reports of many aspects of regulation. There was no support for mediation when regulation was measured by a behavioral task that tapped more narrow facets of regulation. CONCLUSIONS Abused children exhibit clinically relevant individual differences in their IWMs; these models are linked to adjustment in the school setting, possibly through children's self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hawkins
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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20
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Wadsworth ME, Rindlaub L, Hurwich-Reiss E, Rienks S, Bianco H, Markman HJ. A Longitudinal Examination of the Adaptation to Poverty-Related Stress Model: Predicting Child and Adolescent Adjustment Over Time. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 42:713-25. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.755926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Kim-Spoon J, Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA. A longitudinal study of emotion regulation, emotion lability-negativity, and internalizing symptomatology in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Dev 2013; 84:512-27. [PMID: 23034132 PMCID: PMC3794707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal contributions of emotion regulation and emotion lability-negativity to internalizing symptomatology were examined in a low-income sample (171 maltreated and 151 nonmaltreated children, from age 7 to 10 years). Latent difference score models indicated that for both maltreated and nonmaltreated children, emotion regulation was a mediator between emotion lability-negativity and internalizing symptomatology, whereas emotion lability-negativity was not a mediator between emotion regulation and internalizing symptomatology. Early maltreatment was associated with high emotion lability-negativity (age 7) that contributed to poor emotion regulation (age 8), which in turn was predictive of increases in internalizing symptomatology (from age 8 to 9). The results imply important roles of emotion regulation in the development of internalizing symptomatology, especially for children with high emotion lability-negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmeen Kim-Spoon
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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