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Mao F, Xu Z, Li Y, Huang Y, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Cao F. Maternal Impaired Cognition and Infant Neglect: Exploring the Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Executive Function and Reflective Function. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:8316-8331. [PMID: 36803048 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231154940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infant neglect is a common type of child maltreatment. According to the Social Information Processing theory, maternal executive function (EF) and reflective function (RF) are assumed to be important contributing factors to infant neglect. However, empirical evidence about this assumption is sparse. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1010 eligible women participated. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Signs of Neglect in Infants Assessment Scale (SIGN) were used to assess maternal EF, RF, and infant neglect, respectively. Random forest was used to assess the relevant importance of maternal EF and RF. K-means clustering was used to identify the profiles of maternal EF and RF. Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of maternal EF and RF on infant neglect. Each dimension of EF was linearly related to infant neglect. The associations between each dimension of RF and infant neglect were nonlinear. The inflection point for each dimension of RF was indicated. Random forest showed EF was more closely related to infant neglect. EF and RF had accumulative effects on infant neglect. Three profiles were identified. Among them, those with globally impaired EF had the highest level of infant neglect compared with those who had normal cognition or only impaired RF. Maternal EF and RF had independent and combined effects on infant neglect. Interventions with maternal EF and RF as targets are promising for reducing infant neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mao
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhaojuan Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Li
- The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | | | - Yane Lu
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mahrous MM, Muhammad MA, Kotb NA, Elattar HMS, Elrewieny NM. Medicolegal study of Egyptian suspicious childhood deaths during 2020-2021. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 94:102472. [PMID: 36577189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric autopsy is an effective tool for identifying the cause and the manner of death in suspicious childhood deaths. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the pattern of suspicious childhood deaths during the recent years (2020-2021) in the Egyptian community and to identify the risk factors to avoid them during the childhood period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty Egyptian suspicious child death cadavers (less than 18 years old) were autopsied in Zeinhom Morgue during one-year period (2020-2021). Demographic data, circumstances of death, causes and manner of death were defined and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Identity was known in 77.3% of the studied cases, and male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Most of cases were recruited from Cairo and Giza governorates. Adolescents contributed to about one third of the cases. Deaths at home or in hospital were more than outdoor deaths. Seasonal variation was observed as more cases were autopsied during spring and summer. Homicidal deaths (32%) were more in toddlers and adolescents mostly by blunt trauma (58.3%) with signs of violence and resistance or child abuse, mainly in males. The perpetrator was known to be a family member in more than half of the studied cases (56.25%). Accidental deaths (17.3%) were mainly by firearm injuries or poisoning. Suicidal deaths (13.3%) were represented more in adolescents by hanging or by aluminum phosphide poisoning. Natural deaths (13.3%) by bronchopneumonia or leukemia were found in neonates and adolescents. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (6.7%) was diagnosed by exclusion among neonates and infants only during spring, with equal gender distribution (1:1). Malpractice (6%) leads to death by sepsis or hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS All manners of death contribute to suspicious death during childhood period, especially during summer and spring. Family members are the perpetrator for most of accidental, homicidal or suicidal deaths. RECOMMENDATIONS Training courses are recommended to parents for proper care and protection of their children to avoid violence, abuse and accidents at home or outdoor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mohamed Mahrous
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mai Ahmad Muhammad
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nadia Abdelmonem Kotb
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Maher Elrewieny
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Carrasco-Sánchez N, Barón-Picazo I, López-Ossorio JJ, Muñoz-Vicente JM, Díaz-Román A. Características de los Varones Filicidas de Menores de Edad: una Revisión Sistemática. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2022a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Epidemiology of Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030312. [PMID: 35327683 PMCID: PMC8947060 DOI: 10.3390/children9030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment, especially during health crises, is a major public health issue transcending cultural, social, and racial contexts. We assessed the sociodemographic and related risk factors associated with the types and rates of child maltreatment. We also assessed the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of child maltreatment victims and their perpetrators, as they were reported to the Saudi National Family Safety Program (NFSP), with consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact. A secondary data analysis of a retrospective review was conducted to compare types and rates before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, utilizing descriptive and multivariate analyses on anonymized data from the NFSP. According to a predetermined list of relevant risk factors for child maltreatment outlined by the NFSP, these anonymized data were obtained and analyzed with no exclusion criteria (n = 1304). The findings showed that a child’s age correlated significantly and positively with their odds of being physically maltreated; as a child’s age increased by one year, on average, their corresponding predicted odds of being physically maltreatment tended to rise by a factor equal to 7.6% (p < 0.001). Neglected children, compared to those who had not been previously neglected, were predicted to be almost twice (2.23 times more) as likely to be victims of physical maltreatment on average (p < 0.001). Children were notably more likely to experience sexual abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic than those exposed to abuse during the period before (1.69 times). The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly lower odds of physical child maltreatment (47.7% less). This study found no statistically significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s odds of being emotionally maltreated (p = 0.169). These findings support the existence of specific risk factors for child maltreatment for both child victims and perpetrators. They also attest to the significant differences between different types of maltreatment. A systematic, proactive system is needed to screen and document child maltreatment with a higher degree of integration with community reporting systems.
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McCarroll JE, Fisher JE, Cozza SJ, Whalen RJ. Child Maltreatment Fatality Review: Purposes, Processes, Outcomes, and Challenges. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1032-1041. [PMID: 31928207 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019900559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the causes and circumstances of maltreatment deaths of children is needed to prevent tragedy. The purpose of this article is to facilitate understanding of child maltreatment fatality review processes and their outcomes. A literature review was conducted through searches of the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE and through citations in publications. Over 165 publications were reviewed and 55 were selected for inclusion. Papers were from the United States, England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Netherlands, France, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Japan, and China. These were included if they described fatality review goals, authority, procedures, and outcomes. Although we searched databases on a continual basis during the preparation of this review, we could have missed publications, particularly those in newspapers and journals that are not included in large-scale databases or cited in other articles. Improvement of fatality review requires diligence by individuals and organizations that provide information to the reviewers. Among challenges to the review process are varying criteria for review, misclassifications of the manner of death, inadequate or incomplete forensic and medical investigations, lack of information about the perpetrator, diversity of the community, concealment of the cause of death by parents or other caregivers, and disagreement among reviewers about the results of their inquiries. Institutional challenges are also present, which include the need for funding, privacy issues on obtaining information, updating reviewer training, lack of follow-up by institutional authorities on the recommendations of the reviews, and research facilitating the review of maltreatment fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McCarroll
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joscelyn E Fisher
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Cozza
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald J Whalen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Grayaa M, Kort I, Naceur Y, Gharbaoui M, Kouada R, Bekir O, Allouche M. Child homicide in northern Tunisia: a retrospective study of forensic autopsy cases. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
As far as we know, no previous research has investigated child homicide in Tunisia. In this context, our study was carried out to analyze the epidemiological and medico-legal characteristics of child homicide occurring in northern Tunisia over a 17-year period.
Results
Eighty-seven cases were collected, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4. The mean age of the victims was 12.6 years for both sexes. We found that 56.3% of the cases were aged between 15 and 18 years. The majority of deaths under 15 years of age occurred at home as a result of intrafamilial homicide. Victims aged more than 15 years were more likely to be assaulted outside the home by a non-family member.
The most frequent method of homicide was sharp force (39%) affecting mostly the heart and the lung, followed by blunt trauma (25%), which affected mainly the head. Sexual assault was diagnosed at autopsy in six victims (6.9%).
Conclusions
The study offers available data concerning the patterns of child homicide in northern Tunisia and may help to implement preventive measures against this kind of crime.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonaticide is the murder of a newborn baby within 24 hours of birth. It has been reported in various countries, but there has been little recent research on the current state of neonaticide in Japan. AIM To elucidate the epidemiological features of neonaticide in Japan using public long-term, population-based data collected over 14 years and 9 months from July 2003 to March 2018. METHODS A descriptive analysis of public data from 2003 to the present was conducted related to deaths which had been retrospectively investigated and deemed by the authorities to be caused by child abuse or neglect. RESULTS Between July 2003 and March 2018, there were 149 cases of 'known' neonaticide in Japan and the incidence was 0.96/100,000 live births. The majority of perpetrators were mothers, accounting for 135 (91%) of cases, and in 70 (48%) cases they were young mothers under the age of 25. None of the infants was delivered in a medical facility. Nine (6%) murders were committed by both parents together and only one (1%) by the father alone. CONCLUSION The number of births in Japan has been declining gradually but the rate of neonaticide is the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Yoshiba
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo, Japan
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Ben Khelil M, Boukthir I, Hmandi O, Zhioua M, Hamdoun M. Trends of infanticides in northern Tunisia: A 40 years study (1977-2016). CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 95:104047. [PMID: 31288130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tunisian Penal Code defines infanticide as the murder committed by the mother on her child at birth or immediately after. There is a dearth of studies and official statistics on infanticide in the Arab region and North Africa. OBJECTIVE to analyze the infanticide trends in northern Tunisia between 1977 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING we included all cases of infanticides autopsied at the Legal Medicine Department of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis, over a period of 40 years (1977-2016). METHODS A descriptive retrospective study. RESULTS We collected a total of 513 cases of infanticide over the study period. The general prevalence of infanticide was 0.42 per 100,000 live births per year. Infanticide often occurred during the week, in winter (31.5%) and in spring (30.9%). The newborn was often found on public roads (40.9%) and in urban areas (81.4%). The newborn was often full-term (73.6%), mature, without any congenital malformation, found completely naked (75.2%) and with an empty stomach (93.7%). The umbilical cord was often cut (71.5%), not ligated (82%) with an irregular edge (64%). There was often no putrefaction (54.4%). The hydrostatic test (81.8%) and histological examination (81.1%) showed that infants had breathed. Neglect was the most common cause of death (49.9%). CONCLUSION Northern Tunisia has a low prevalence of infanticide compared to most of the previous European and American studies. A better understanding of infanticide would allow us to adapt measures of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ben Khelil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ilhem Boukthir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ons Hmandi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Zhioua
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Hamdoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ducloyer M, Tuchtan L, Delteil C, Piercecchi MD, David A, Visseaux G, Bouvet R, Gorincour G, Clement R. Lung density measurement in postmortem computed tomography: a new tool to assess immediate neonatal breath in suspected neonaticides. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:1159-1166. [PMID: 31286205 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRO Evidence of breath after birth is one of the main forensic issues in suspected neonaticide. Hydrostatic test (HT) and pathological examination are currently used to assess it, but they are not entirely reliable or immediately available. OBJECTIVE To determine the performance of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) to assess neonatal breath in suspected neonaticide, by comparing lung CT attenuation values between live birth and stillbirth cases, in correlation with HT and pathology. METHOD Cases of suspected neonaticides who underwent a PMCT and complete forensic autopsy with an HT were retrospectively selected from the databases of four French Forensic Medicine Departments. The diagnosis of vitality (i.e., stillbirth or live birth) was based on the pathological examination and/or a combination of arguments, including HT result. Lung density on CT was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) by ROIs drawn in both pulmonary parenchymas. RESULTS Eleven patients were included, six live birth and five stillbirth cases. The result of HT was concordant with pathological examination when available (seven cases). Mean lung densities in live birth cases (- 173 HU [- 255; - 91 CI 95%]) were significantly lower than in stillbirth cases (40 HU [28; 52 CI 95%]) (p < 0.05), with a very high degree of interobserver reproducibility (ICC = 0.998 (CI 95% 0.991-0.999; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION PMCT and especially lung CT attenuation measurement is a reliable and easy-to-use method for assessing neonatal breath in suspected neonaticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Ducloyer
- Forensic Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France. .,Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Lucile Tuchtan
- Forensic Medicine Department, APHM, Hopital de la Timone, Marseille, France.,CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Delteil
- Forensic Medicine Department, APHM, Hopital de la Timone, Marseille, France.,CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Piercecchi
- Forensic Medicine Department, APHM, Hopital de la Timone, Marseille, France.,CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Arthur David
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Visseaux
- Forensic Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Renaud Bouvet
- Forensic Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, IDPSP EA 4640, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Gorincour
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle et Expérimentale, LiiE, EA4264, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Clement
- Forensic Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44000, Nantes, France
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Bäckström B, Hedlund J, Masterman T, Sturup J. Injury-Related Healthcare Use and Risk of Filicide Victimization: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:166-170. [PMID: 30184269 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research on child-related risk factors for filicide is scant. We investigated whether prior healthcare use for injury (including poisoning) influences filicide risk. Victims (0-14 years; n = 71) were identified in a national autopsy database for the years 1994-2012 and compared to matched, general population controls (n = 355). Healthcare use data were retrieved from a national patient registry. Risks were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For females, prior inpatient care for injury conferred a statistically significant sevenfold risk (OR = 6.67 [95% CI: 1.49-29.79]), and any prior injury-related healthcare use conferred a statistically significant fourfold risk (OR = 3.57 [95% CI: 1.13-11.25]), of filicide victimization. No statistically significant risks were found for males. Healthcare personnel should be aware that children treated for injuries, especially females, may be at an elevated risk of filicide victimization. Nevertheless, the filicide base rate remains low, and parents may be stigmatized by unfounded alerts; thus, prudent reflection should precede reports to the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Bäckström
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation/Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, PO Box 7616, SE-907 12, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Medicine, National Board of Forensic Medicine, PO Box 7616, SE-907 12, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Hedlund
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, PO Box 4044, SE-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas Masterman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, PO Box 4044, SE-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joakim Sturup
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, PO Box 4044, SE-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden.,Swedish Police Authority, Stockholm Region, SE-106 75, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pilla M, van den Heuvel C, Musgrave I, Byard RW. Increasing incidence of nonlethal inflicted injuries in paediatric homicides: A 45-year study. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 59:4-7. [PMID: 30036763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study was undertaken at Forensic Science South Australia of all homicides in individuals aged <18 years from January 1970 to December 2014. 166 cases were identified (M:F = 1.5:1). The number of cases steadily declined, with the highest numbers and death rate occurring between 1970 and 1974 (N = 26; 0.37/100,000 population), and the lowest between 2010 and 2014 (N = 8; 0.1/100,000) (p < 0.01). Deaths were due to blunt force trauma (37%), gunshot wounds (19%), asphyxiation (18%), sharp force trauma (8%), poisoning (8%), burns (3%) and neglect (1%), or were undetermined (6%). There was a significant increase in numbers of accompanying nonfatal injuries (3.46 per case for 1970 and 1974, compared to 18.88 per case for 2010 and 2014). Thus, while both the absolute numbers and the rates of paediatric homicides declined significantly, numbers of nonlethal injuries increased. Whatever the underlying reason(s) for the increase in nonlethal injuries, fatal attacks on children in South Australia appear to be becoming more violent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pilla
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Frome Rd, Adelaide, Australia; Forensic Science SA, 21 Divett Place, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Ian Musgrave
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Frome Rd, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roger W Byard
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Frome Rd, Adelaide, Australia; Forensic Science SA, 21 Divett Place, Adelaide, Australia.
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Wang J, Han F, Zhao Q, Xia B, Dai J, Wang Q, Le C, Huang S, Li Z, Liu J, Yang M, Wan C, Wang J. Clinicopathological Characteristics of Traumatic Head Injury in Juvenile, Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3256-3264. [PMID: 29773781 PMCID: PMC5987611 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic head injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. How clinicopathological features differ by age remains unclear. This epidemiological study analyzed the clinicopathological features of patients with head injury belonging to 3 age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of patients with traumatic head injury were obtained from the Department of Cerebral Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and the Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital in 2011-2015. Their clinicopathological parameters were assessed. The patients were divided into 3 age groups: elderly (≥65 years), middle-aged (18-64 years), and juvenile (≤17 years) individuals. RESULTS Among 3356 hospitalizations for traumatic head injury (2573 males and 783 females, 654 died (19.49%), the highest and lowest mortality rates were in the elderly and juvenile groups, respectively. Fall was the most common cause in juvenile and elderly individuals (32.79% and 43.95%, respectively), while traffic injury was most common in the elderly group (35.08%). The manners of injury differed considerably among the 3 age groups. Scalp injury, skull fracture, intracranial hematoma, and cerebral injury were the most common mechanisms in juvenile (67.32%), middle-aged (63.50%), elderly (69.56%) and middle-aged (90.44%) individuals, respectively. Scalp injury and skull fracture types differed among the groups. Epidural, subdural, and intracerebral hematomas were most common in juvenile, middle-aged, and elderly individuals, respectively. Cerebral contusion showed the highest frequency in the 3 groups, and concussion the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Patients with traumatic HI show remarkable differences in clinicopathological features among juvenile, middle-aged, and elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Dai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyun Le
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Shimei Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Jiangjin Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Changwu Wan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, P.R. China
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The worldwide incidence of neonaticide: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:249-256. [PMID: 28013408 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonaticide is the killing of a neonate on the day of its birth by his/her own mother. Neonaticidal women were reported to be predominantly young, unmarried, and primiparous. The motive for murdering the newborn relates to the shame, the fear of rejection, and abandonment by significant others, and the social stigmas associated with an illegitimate birth. The goal of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature and identify population-based studies reporting the incidence of neonaticide in different countries. A total of 485 abstracts were screened. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 10 studies were selected. Additional searches identified two more articles. Most of these studies were from Europe, where incidence varied from 0.07 (Finland, 1980-2000 period) to 8.5 neonaticides per 100000 births (Austria, 1975-2001 period). More recent studies have indicated that a growing proportion of neonaticidal women are married, multiparous, and suffers from mental disorders. Preventive measures, such as anonymous free delivery, were shown to reduce the incidence of neonaticide, although this effect may be short-lived. Despite social and institutional changes, neonaticide persists even in the most socially advanced, liberal, and prosperous societies in the world.
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Ibrahim M, Mu'azu AL, Idris N, Rabiu MU, Jibir BW, Getso KI, Mohammad MA, Owolabi FL. Menace of childhood non-accidental traumatic brain injuries: A single unit report. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2015; 12:23-8. [PMID: 25659545 PMCID: PMC4955487 DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.150943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) has high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are dearths of reports from developing countries with large paediatric population on trauma; neurosurgery trauma of nonaccidental origin is not an exemption. This study analysed menace of non-accidental TBI in the paediatric population from our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single unit, retrospective study of the epidemiology of non-accidental TBI in children starting from September, 2008 to March, 2014. The management outcomes of the epidemiology of the non-accidental TBI were analysed. RESULTS Total of 109 children age range from 0 (intra-natal) to 16 years with a mean of 5.8 ± 4.6 years (median, 5 years) were enrolled into the study. 34 (31.2%) were domestic violence, 26 (23.9%) street assaults, 16 (14.7%) were due to animal assaults and mishaps, 17 (15.6%) fall from heights. Seven (6.4%) cases of collapsed buildings were also seen during the period. Four (3.7%) industrial accidents and two (1.8%) were self-inflicted injuries. There were also three (2.8%) cases of iatrogenic TBI out of which two infants (1.8%) sustained TBI from cesarean section procedure while one patient (0.9%) under general anaesthesia felt from the operation bed resulting to severe TBI. CONCLUSION Child abuse, unprotected child labour, parental/care-givers negligence are the main cause of nonaccidental TBI. Human right activists and government agents should be incorporated in curtailing the menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
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