1
|
Liu H, Wu Z, Chen J, Wang J, Qiu H. Recent advances in chiral liquid chromatography stationary phases for pharmaceutical analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464367. [PMID: 37714014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a common phenomenon in nature. Different enantiomers of chiral drug compounds have obvious differences in their effects on the human body. Therefore, the separation of chiral drugs plays an extremely important role in the safe utilization of drugs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an effective tool for the separation and analysis of compounds, in which the chromatographic packing plays a key role in the separation. Chiral pharmaceutical separation and analysis in HPLC rely on chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Thus, various CSPs are being developed to meet the needs of chiral drug separation and analysis. In this review, recent developments in CSPs, including saccharides (cyclodextrin, cellulose, amylose and chitosan), macrocycles (macrocyclic glycopeptides, pillar[n]arene and polyamide) and porous organic materials (metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous organic cages), for pharmaceutical analysis in HPLC were summarized, the advantages and disadvantages of various stationary phases were introduced, and their development prospects were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong H, Zhang T, Zeng Q, Li L. Preparation and Evaluation of an Azobenzenediamide Bridged bis(β-Cyclodextrin)-Bonded Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:625-636. [PMID: 35726164 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An azobenzenediamide bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase (AZCDP) was prepared, and its high-performance liquid chromatography performance in reversed-phase and polar organic modes was evaluated by chiral probes, including triazoles, flavanones, amino acids and β-blockers. The results showed that AZCDP had strong chiral separation ability and the 40 chiral compounds were successfully resolved, of which 32 were completely separated (Rs ≥ 1.5) and the best enantioresolution was up to 3.93 within 20 min under a wide range of pH value and temperature. The separation ability of AZCDP with double cavities was significantly better than common CD-CSPs with single cavity, which was related to the synergistic inclusion effect. Compared with the previously reported stilbene (C=C)-bridged CSP, AZCDP with azobenzene (N=N)-bridged had a wider resolution range. For example, it could resolve myclobutanil, pindolol, carteolol, betaxolol, bevanolol and bitertanol, which could not be resolved before, and should be related to the fact that the flexible N=N was more compatible with the synergistic inclusion between cavities than the rigid C=C bridge group. The azobenzenediamide bridging group could also provide hydrogen bond, π-π and other sites, which was conducive to chiral separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Ave., Honggutan Dist., Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Ave., Honggutan Dist., Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Qingli Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Ave., Honggutan Dist., Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Laisheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Ave., Honggutan Dist., Nanchang 330031, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li W, Huang Y, Xiang Y, Yan X, Li Y, Wu D. Vacuum-assisted thermal bonding of β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463845. [PMID: 36803769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the vacuum-assisted thermal bonding method was proposed for the covalent coupling of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (CD-CSP), hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked β-CD (HDI-CSP) and 3, 5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate modified β-CD (DMPI-CSP) onto the isocyanate silane modified silica gel. Under vacuum conditions, the side reaction due to the water residue from the organic solvent, air, reaction vessels and silica gel could be avoided, and the optimal temperature and time of vacuum-assisted thermal bonding method were determined as 160°C and 3 h. These three CSPs were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, elemental analysis and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The surface coverage of CD-CSP and HDI-CSP on silica gel was determined as ∼0.2 μmol m-2, respectively. The chromatographic performances of these three CSPs were systematically evaluated by separating 7 flavanones, 9 triazoles and 6 chiral alcohols enantiomers under the reversed-phase condition. It was found that the chiral resolution ability of CD-CSP, HDI-CSP and DMPI-CSP was complementary to each other. Among them, CD-CSP could separate all 7 flavanones enantiomers with the resolution of 1.09-2.48. HDI-CSP had a good separation performance for triazoles enantiomers with one chiral center. DMPI-CSP showed excellent separation performance for chiral alcohol enantiomers, among which the resolution of trans-1, 3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ol reached 12.01. Generally, the vacuum-assisted thermal bonding had been demonstrated as a direct and efficient method for the preparation of chiral stationary phases of β-CD and its derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yuqian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yanshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Q, Zhong H, Zhang T, Huang Z, Li L. Preparation and evaluation of a perylenediimide bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase for HPLC. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:989-1002. [PMID: 35641848 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A large π-conjugated perylenediimide bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded stationary phase (PBCDP) was first prepared and characterized. The chiral HPLC performance was systematically evaluated using a series of chiral probes. The results showed that PBCDP could resolve 36 kinds of chiral compounds in reversed-phase and polar organic modes with high resolutions (Rs) 1.48-3.28 for profens, 1.25-2.85 for triazoles, 1.34-5.29 for flavanones, 1.66-4.58 for amino acids and 1.22-1.97 for β-blockers. Especially, PBCDP could completely resolve acidic non-steroidal chiral drugs (profens) and simultaneously resolve basic five triazole pesticides, which were difficult to separate by ordinary CDCSP. Compared with CDCSP (15 kinds), the new stationary phase has a wider resolution range (36 kinds). Obviously, the synergistic inclusion of the two cavities of bridged cyclodextrin, as well as the large π-π stacking, hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole and basic primary amine site (-NH-) provided by the perylenediimide bridging group contributed together to the improvement of the above chiral separations. PBCDP was a new type of versatile chiral separation material without port derivatization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhiqin Huang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong H, Zeng Q, Huang Z, Li L. Preparation and Evaluation of a Ferrocenediamide Bridge bis(β-Cyclodextrin)-Bonded Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang N, Guo S, Gong B. Preparation of a novel bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase by thiol-ene click chemistry for enhanced enantioseparation in HPLC. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35754-35764. [PMID: 35492805 PMCID: PMC9043236 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) ligand was firstly synthesized via a thiol–ene click chemistry reaction between allyl-ureido-β-cyclodextrin and 4-4′-thiobisthiophenol, which was then bonded onto a 5 μm spherical silica gel to obtain a novel bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase (HTCDP). The structures of HTCDP and the bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) ligand were characterized by the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectra spectrum, scanning electron microscope, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The performance of HTCDP in enantioseparation was systematically examined by separating 21 chiral compounds, including 8 flavanones, 8 triazole pesticides and 5 other common chiral drugs (benzoin, praziquantel, 1-1′-bi-2-naphthol, Tröger's base and bicalutamide) in the reversed-phase chromatographic mode. By optimizing the chromatographic conditions such as formic acid content, mobile phase composition, pH values and column temperature, 19 analytes were completely separated with high resolution (1.50–4.48), in which the enantiomeric resolution of silymarin, 4-hydroxyflavanone, 2-hydroxyflavanone and flavanone were up to 4.34, 4.48, 3.89 and 3.06 within 35 min, respectively. Compared to the native β-CD chiral stationary phase (CDCSP), HTCDP had superior enantiomer separation and chiral recognition abilities. For example, HTCDP completely separated 5 other common chiral drugs, 2 flavanones and 3 triazole pesticides that CDCSP failed to separate. Unlike CDCSP, which has a small cavity (0.65 nm), the two cavities in HTCDP joined by the aryl connector could synergistically accommodate relatively bulky chiral analytes. Thus, HTCDP may have a broader prospect in enantiomeric separation, analysis and detection. Separation of chiral compounds on HTCDP.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District Yinchuan 750021 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Jiang Z, Guo X, Di X, Yu J. Enantioseparation and modelling study of six proton pump inhibitors on a novel 3, 5-dichloro-phenylcarbamated β-cyclodextrin chemically bonded chiral stationary phase by high performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Li M, Guo X, Di X, Jiang Z. Enantioseparation on a new synthetic β-cyclodextrin chemically bonded chiral stationary phase and molecular docking study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3933-3944. [PMID: 33903946 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel β-cyclodextrin derivative chemically bonded chiral stationary phase (EDACD) was synthesized by the reaction of mono-6-ethylenediamine-β-cyclodextrin with the active alkyl isocyanate, anchoring to silica gel. After the successful analysis and characterization using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques, the enantioselective performance of the as-prepared EDACD column was evaluated by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and flavonoids under the reversed-phase HPLC condition. The factors that affected enantioseparation including mobile phase compositions and buffers were investigated in more detail. As a result, EDACD showed a satisfactory enantioselectivity for the tested drugs. With the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 20-mM ammonium formate adjusted to pH 4.0 using formic acid (85:15, v/v) at the flow rate of 0.6 mL min-1, the enantiomers of ibuprofen, carprofen, naproxen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, eriocitrin, naringin, and narirutin were separated with the best resolutions of 1.53, 1.64, 3.72, 2.40, 0.50, 0.61, 0.58, and 0.52. To adjust the proportion of acetonitrile to 80% (by volume), the enantiomers of pranoprofen and flurbiprofen were completely resolved with the best resolutions of 1.60 and 1.59. Additionally, by the study of the molecular docking, hydrogen bonding and inclusion complexation were believed to play an important role in chiral recognition. As a new material, EDACD will have a wider application in the analysis of chiral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sobańska AW. Emerging or Underestimated Silica-Based Stationary Phases in Liquid Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:631-655. [PMID: 32482079 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1760782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several newly synthesized or forgotten silica-based stationary phases proposed for liquid chromatography are described, including non-endcapped, short-chain alkyl phases; hydrophilic and polar-endcapped stationary phases; polar-embedded alkyl phases; long-chain alkyl phases. Stationary phases with aromatic, cyanopropyl, diol and aminopropyl functionalities are also reviewed. Stationary phases of particular interest are biomolecular materials - based on immobilized cholesterol, aminoacids, peptides, proteins or lipoproteins. Packing materials involving macrocyclic chemistry (crown ethers; calixarenes; aza-macrocycles; oligo-and polysaccharides including these of marine origin - chitin- or chitosan-based; macrocyclic antibiotics) are discussed. Since many stationary phases developed for one type of applications (e.g. chiral separation) have been found useful in solving other analytical problems (e.g. drug's plasma protein binding ability), it seemed reasonable to discuss particular chemistries behind the stationary phases presented in this review rather than specific types of interactions or chromatographic modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shuang Y, Cao Z, Zhang T, Li L. Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Triazole Pesticides by a mono-6-(4-Nitrophenyl)-ureido-β-cyclodextrin-Bonded Stationary Phase Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1745821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Shuang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu JY, Zhang X, Tian BR. Selective modifications at the different positions of cyclodextrins: a review of strategies. Turk J Chem 2020; 44:261-278. [PMID: 33488156 PMCID: PMC7671212 DOI: 10.3906/kim-1910-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural, nontoxic, and biodegradable macrocyclic oligosaccharides. As supramolecular hosts, CDs have numerous applications in many aspects. However, nonsubstituted CDs have the disadvantages of solubility, unspecific recognition sites, and weak interactions with guest molecules. Therefore, new CD-based derivatives are successfully designed, synthesized, and widely used in various fields. This contribution outlines the research progress in CD derivatives. In particular, this review emphasizes the synthesis and application of CDs modified through functionalization in definite positions, random substitution, and reconstruction of the skeleton. At the end of this review, a summary and future directions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Pingliang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingliang P.R. China
| | - Bing Ren Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shuang Y, Zhang T, Li L. Preparation of a stilbene diamido-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase for enantioseparations of drugs and pesticides by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Shuang Y, Liao Y, Zhang T, Li L. Preparation and evaluation of an ethylenediamine dicarboxyethyl diamido-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460937. [PMID: 32063276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An ethylenediamine dicarboxyethyl diacetamido-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) was firstly synthesized through the reaction of 6-deoxy-6-amino-β-cyclodextrin (NH2-CD) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride. Then it was bonded onto the surface of silica gel SBA-15 to obtain an ethylenediamine dicarboxyethyl diacetamido-bridged bis(β-CD)-bonded chiral stationary phase (EBCDP). The structures of the bridged bis(β-CD) and EBCDP were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, accordingly. The chiral chromatographic performances of EBCDP were systematically evaluated by separating 28 racemic analytes in the reversed-phase or polar organic mode, including eight flavanones, eight bolckers, five dansyl-amino acids, three DL-amino acids and four other common drugs. As a result, the relatively high enantioselectivity of EBCDP was observed in comparison with a native β-CD-CSP (CDSP). All selected analytes were separated on EBCDP, of which 20 analytes had resolutions up to baseline, 2'-hydroxyflavanone and arotinolol had resolutions up to 4.35 and 2.05 in about 30 min, respectively, whereas CDSP only separated 11 analytes with low resolutions (0.55~1.69). Moreover, EBCDP was able to utilize the complexation of the bridging linker (ethylenediamine dicarboxyethyl diamide group, EDTA-based) to realize direct separations of DL-amino acids with a mobile phase containing copper ion (Cu2+), which was similar to the chiral ligand exchange chromatography. Unlike the native cyclodextrin with small cavity (~242 Å3), the bridged bis(β-CD) combined two β-CD units with a bridging linker, having a well-organized "pseudo-cavity" as an organic whole to encapsulate more analytes, which made EBCDP have broad-spectrum applications in chiral separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Shuang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yuqin Liao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Shuang Y, Zhang T, Li L, Li L. Preparation and Evaluation of a Cholesterol Derivatized β-Cyclodextrin-bonded Phase for Achiral and Chiral HPLC. ANAL SCI 2019; 36:687-695. [PMID: 31866607 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cholesterol mono-derivatized β-cyclodextrin was synthesized and bonded onto silica gel (SBA-15) to obtain a cholesterol mono-derivatized β-cyclodextrin-bonded stationary phase (CHCDP). The chemical structures of mono-derivatized β-cyclodextrin and CHCDP were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, correspondingly. Furthermore, the separation ability of CHCDP in terms of achiral compounds was systematically evaluated by separating benzene homologs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some positional isomers. As a result, CHCDP completely separated five benzene homologs and nine PAHs within 30 min under the reversed-phase. In addition, the chiral chromatographic property of CHCDP was also evaluated by separating some racemic compounds including flavanones, triazoles, β-blockers, etc. The results showed that the CHCDP exhibited high enantioselectivities towards most of selected analytes. The enantioresolutions were in the range from 1.43 to 2.51 on CHCDP. Especially the resolutions of 2'-hydroxyflavanone, hexaconazole, Dns-serine and atenolol were as high as 1.94, 1.91, 2.15 and 1.57, respectively. Obviously, the CHCDP was a versatile stationary phase with chiral and achiral separation capabilities in multi-mode chromatography, which was related to the introduction of cholesterol to the port of cyclodextrin, enhancing the hydrophobic interaction of cyclodextrin with achiral compounds, while maintaining the inclusion complexation of it with chiral compounds as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University
| | | | | | - Liang Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sethi S, Bhushan R. Enantioselective
LC
analysis and determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4730. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied SciencesGD Goenka University Gurgaon India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shuang Y, Liao Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Li L. Preparation and evaluation of a triazole-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase for HPLC. Chirality 2019; 32:168-184. [PMID: 31749196 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Shuang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqin Liao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun J, Ma S, Liu B, Yu J, Guo X. A fully derivatized 4-chlorophenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral stationary phase for enhanced enantioseparation in HPLC. Talanta 2019; 204:817-825. [PMID: 31357369 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an effective approach for the fabrication of a per-4-chlorophenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) bonded chiral stationary phase (CPCDP) in high-performance liquid chromatography. The morphology and structure of the ligand and the chiral stationary phase (CSP) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, fourier transform infrared spectra, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Because CPCDP was a kind of multimode enantioseparation materials, the enantioseparation of chiral compounds including twelve azole antifungal agents, five proton pump inhibitors and five dihydropyridine calcium antagonists were studied in both reversed-phase and normal-phase chromatography. All analytes were obtained enantiomeric separation. Especially, the resolution of azoles was excellent. The selectivity and resolution of voriconazole reached 15.41 and 16.80, which was an exciting achievement for the enantioseparations by β-CD based chiral stationary phases. Compared with the commercial 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate-β-CD based chiral stationary phase (DMP), enhanced enantioselectivities for all the above compounds (except ilaprazole) were obtained on CPCDP column, which indicated that the 4-chlorophenylcarbamate group was conducive to the chiral recognition. Chromatographic studies elucidated that enhancement of analyte-chiral substrate interactions were attributed to the inclusion complexation, π-π stacking interaction, hydrogen-bonding, dipole-dipole interaction and steric hindrance. For further study, we also prepared semi-preparative chromatographic columns to obtain a single enantiomer. In addition to excellent chromatographic performance, the prepared CD-based column is stable and much cheaper than commercial columns, which can reduce the cost of test and has a good application prospect in chiral drug analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Siman Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Preparation of Cyclodextrin Type Stationary Phase Based on Graphene Oxide and Its Application in Enantioseparation and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Li X, Li J, Kang Q, Wang Y. Polarity tuned perphenylcarbamoylated cyclodextrin separation materials for achiral and chiral differentiation. Talanta 2018; 185:328-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
21
|
Lin C, Fan J, Liu W, Chen X, Ruan L, Zhang W. A new single-urea-bound 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase and its enhanced separation performance in normal-phase liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:348-355. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- School of Logistics; Beijing Normal University; Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenna Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Yanjie Pharmatech Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijun Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Yanjie Pharmatech Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Preparation and evaluation of a novel N-benzyl-phenethylamino-β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase for HPLC. Talanta 2017; 174:179-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
23
|
Tang J, Pang L, Zhou J, Zhang S, Tang W. Per(3-chloro-4-methyl)phenylcarbamate cyclodextrin clicked stationary phase for chiral separation in multiple modes high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 946:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Zhou J, Yang B, Tang J, Tang W. Cationic cyclodextrin clicked chiral stationary phase for versatile enantioseparations in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:169-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Guo J, Xiao Y, Lin Y, Zhang Q, Chang Y, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Influence of the linking spacer length and type on the enantioseparation ability of β-cyclodextrin functionalized monoliths. Talanta 2016; 152:259-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Dixit S, Park JH. Enantioseparation of basic chiral drugs on a carbamoylated erythromycin-zirconia hybrid monolith using capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1416:129-36. [PMID: 26372443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An organic-inorganic hybrid monolithic column was prepared within the confines of a capillary via a single-step in situ sol-gel approach using zirconium tetrabutoxide as a precursor to compose the inorganic backbone and 3-triethoxysilylpropyl carbamoylated derivative of erythromycin (TEOSPC-ERY) as a co-precursor to introduce the organic chiral selector moiety in the zirconia backbone. The resulting carbamoylated ERY-zirconia hybrid monolith (ERY-ZHM) showed homogeneous morphology with well-defined through pores and was tightly connected with the inner wall of the capillary. The column was employed for capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation of six basic chiral drugs in mobile phases (MPs) consisting of acetonitrile (ACN) and triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) buffer. The effects of composition of MP and applied voltage on chiral separation were investigated by using propranolol as a representative analyte. The highest resolution (Rs=3.33) was obtained with a MP consisting of 10/90 (v/v) ACN/TEAA buffer (10mM, pH 7), 10 kV applied voltage and 25°C capillary temperature. The relative standard deviations for resolution values regarding run to run, day to day, column to column and batch to batch repeatability were 0.41%, 0.89%, 1.80% and 2.26% (for n=3), respectively, indicating satisfactory stability of columns and reproducibility of column preparation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
| | - Jung Hag Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou J, Sun F, Du Q, Zhao S, Pei W. Enantioseparation of Timolol on a Novel β-Cyclodextrin Derivative Chiral Stationary Phase in HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:43-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
28
|
Zhou J, Pei W, Zheng X, Zhao S, Zhang Z. Preparation and Enantioseparation Characteristics of a Novel β-Cyclodextrin Derivative Chiral Stationary Phase in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:676-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
29
|
Huang G, Ou J, Zhang X, Ji Y, Peng X, Zou H. Synthesis of novel perphenylcarbamated β-cyclodextrin based chiral stationary phases via thiol-ene click chemistry. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2752-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Department of Analytical Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Department of Analytical Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Batra S, Bhushan R. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of (RS)-mexiletine and (RS)-fluoxetine using chiral derivatizing reagents synthesized with (S)-naproxen moiety. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:815-25. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Batra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Q, Guo J, Wang F, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Preparation of a β-cyclodextrin functionalized monolith via a novel and simple one-pot approach and application to enantioseparations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
32
|
Vozka J, Kalíková K, Tesařová E. Rapid Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Method for Separation of Chlorthalidone Enantiomers. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.814058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
Enantiomeric impurities in chiral catalysts, auxiliaries, and synthons used in enantioselective syntheses. Part 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
34
|
Fan Q, Zhang K, Tian LW, Fan J, Zheng SR, Zhang WG. Preparation and enantioseparation of a new click derived β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:453-9. [PMID: 23788019 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A new cyclodextrin-derived chiral stationary phase (denoted as CDA-CSP) was synthesized by immobilizing mono(6(A)-azido-6(A)-deoxy)-per(p-chlorophenyl carbamoylated) β-cyclodextrin derivative to alkynyl modified silica via click chemistry. This newly prepared CSP shows good enantioseparation performance for six chiral compounds (1-6), such as 4-phenyl-oxazolidine-2-thione, two kinds of aryl alcohols, substituted flavonoids and benzoin, in which baseline separation of Analytes 1-4 was achieved under the experimental conditions. The effects of column temperature, mobile phase pH and content of methanol on the enantioseparation characteristics of CDA-CSP were investigated in detail. Retention factor and resolution for Compound 3 gradually reduced with an increase of column temperature, and a good linear relationship was shown between napierian logarithm of selectivity factor and reciprocal of column temperature. In the pH range from 3.56 to 5.50, a change in pH hardly affected the resolution of Analyte 2. In addition, increasing methanol in the mobile phase resulted in rapid eluting of the analytes from the column in reversed-phase mode. The retention factors for Analytes 1 and 3 significantly decreased and their resolution showed different trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fan
- 1Institute of Special Materials & School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Healey R, Ghanem A. An Insight to Chiral Monolith for Enantioselective Nano and Micro HPLC: Preparation and Applications. Chirality 2013; 25:314-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Healey
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Applied Science; University of Canberra; Australian Capital Territory (ACT); 2617; Australia
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Applied Science; University of Canberra; Australian Capital Territory (ACT); 2617; Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang RQ, Ong TT, Tang W, Ng SC. Cationic cyclodextrins chemically-bonded chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 718:121-9. [PMID: 22305907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Two covalently bonded cationic β-CD chiral stationary phases (CSPs) prepared by graft polymerization of 6(A)-(3-vinylimidazolium)-6-deoxyperphenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin chloride or 6(A)-(N,N-allylmethylammonium)-6-deoxyperphenylcarbamoyl-β-cyclodextrin chloride onto silica gel were successfully applied in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their enantioseparation capability was examined with 12 racemic pharmaceuticals and 6 carboxylic acids. The results indicated that imidazolium-containing β-CD CSP afforded more favorable enantioseparations than that containing ammonium moiety under normal-phase HPLC. The cationic moiety on β-CD CSPs could form strong hydrogen bonding with analytes in normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) to enhance the analytes' retention and enantioseparations. In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), the analytes exhibited their maximum retention when the pH of mobile phase was close to their pK(a) value. Inclusion complexation with CD cavity and columbic/ionic interactions with cationic substituent on the CD rim would afford accentuated retention and enantioseparations of the analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Qi Wang
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Włostowski M, Ruśkowski P, Synoradzki L. Tartaric Acid and itsO-Acyl Derivatives. Part 10. Synthesis and Applications of Tartramides, Tartrimides andO-Acyltartramides and Imides. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2012.715052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
38
|
Tan HM, Soh SF, Zhao J, Yong EL, Gong Y. Preparation and application of methylcalix[4]resorcinarene-bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. Chirality 2011; 23 Suppl 1:E91-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
39
|
Zhang Z, Wu M, Wu R, Dong J, Ou J, Zou H. Preparation of perphenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid monolithic column with "one-pot" approach for enantioseparation by capillary liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3616-22. [PMID: 21456603 DOI: 10.1021/ac200414r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Perphenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin-silica (Ph-β-CD-silica) hybrid monolithic columns for enantioseparation in capillary liquid chromatography (cLC) have been prepared by a "one-pot" approach via the polycondensation of alkoxysilanes and in situ copolymerization of mono (6(A)-N-allylamino-6(A)-deoxy)-Ph-β-CD and vinyl group on the precondensed siloxanes. The morphologies of the Ph-β-CD-silica hybrid monolithic columns were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing the uniform monolithic matrixes tightly bonded onto the capillary wall. The content of Ph-β-CD incorporated in monolithic matrix by the "one-pot" approach was ca. 2.9 times higher than that by postmodification method. The permeability of the Ph-β-CD-silica chiral hybrid monolithic column was 3.63 × 10(-14) m(2), and the minimum plate height was 12 μm corresponding to 83,300 theoretical plates/meter. Enantioseparations of 13 racemates were achieved by the Ph-β-CD-silica hybrid monolithic column. In this work, since the prepolymerization system mainly consisted of organic solvent (methanol (MeOH), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)), the limitation and difficulty of the use of water insoluble organic monomers in the previously reported "one-pot" method was circumvented. Therefore, various β-CD derivatives as well as other hydrophobic monomers could thus be used to prepare organic-silica hybrid monolithic columns with the "one-pot" process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Enantioseparation of Hydrobenzoin and Structurally Related Compounds on β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Bonded Chiral Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
[Analysis of seven compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke by ultra performance liquid chromatography using a beta-cyclodextrin mobile phase additive]. Se Pu 2011; 28:790-4. [PMID: 21261049 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid method for the analysis of hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, phenol, p-cresol, m-cresol, and o-cresol in mainstream cigarette smoke by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) using a beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) mobile phase additive was developed. The seven major phenolic compounds in mainstream smoke were collected with YC/T 255-2008 standard method. The extract was filtrated with 0.22 microm filtration film and then subjected to UPLC analysis. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column, and the mobile phase with 4 g/L beta-CD additive was used. The fluorescence detection condition was optimized. The analysis time was 10 mm for one sample. Comparing with the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods published, the p-cresol and m-cresol were completely separated. In addition, the effect of beta-CD on fluorescence enhancement for seven major phenolic compounds was significant. The linearity were good between the peak area and the concentration in the linear ranges of seven phenolic compounds, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999 9. The limits of detection of the method were 4 - 14 ng/cig, and the recoveries were 95.5% - 103.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 4%.
Collapse
|
42
|
Development of silica-based stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3307-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Zhao J, Tan D, Chelvi ST, Yong E, Lee HK, Gong Y. Preparation and application of rifamycin-capped (3-(2-O-β-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl-appended silica particles as chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2010; 83:286-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Zhao J, Thamarai Chelvi SK, Tan D, Yong EL, Lee HK, Gong Y. Development of Vancomycin-Capped β-CD-Bonded Silica Particles as Chiral Stationary Phase for LC. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
45
|
Wang Y, Young DJ, Tan TTY, Ng SC. "Click" preparation of hindered cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases and their efficient resolution in high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7878-83. [PMID: 21056420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports the preparation of two new cyclodextrin (CD) chiral stationary phases (CSPs): heptakis(6-deoxy-6-azido)-β-CD and heptakis(6-deoxy-6-azido-phenylcarbamoylated)-β-CD CSPs that perform quite differently to our previously reported "click" immobilized CD-CSPs. These CSPs are sterically congested at the narrow mouth of the CD and exhibit chiral discrimination between over 40 pairs of enantiomers in high performance liquid chromatography. The free hydroxyl CSP afforded better separation of indoprofen, ketoprofen, Tröger's base, hydroxyl, carboxylic and dansyl amino acids than did the phenylcarbamoylated CSP, while the latter was better at resolving aryl alcohols, flavonoids, β-blockers and β-agonists. The current work shows that enantiodiscrimination achieved with different CSPs for different classes of analyte may be correlated with CD accessibility and peripheral functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qin Q, Zhang S, Zhang WG, Zhang ZB, Xiong YJ, Guo ZY, Fan J, Run-Zheng S, Finlow D, Yin Y. The impact of silica gel pore and particle sizes on HPLC column efficiency and resolution for an immobilized, cyclodextrin-based, chiral stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2582-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
47
|
Lin C, Luo W, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zheng S, Fan J, Li W, Qin Q, Guo Z. Phenylcarbamoylated β-CD: π-Acidic and π-basic chiral selectors for HPLC. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1558-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
48
|
Bhushan R, Agarwal C. High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of (R,S)-fluoxetine using Marfey's reagent and (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl) phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester as chiral derivatizing reagents along with direct thin-layer chromatographic resolutio. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:1152-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
49
|
Sun P, Wang C, Breitbach ZS, Zhang Y, Armstrong DW. Development of new HPLC chiral stationary phases based on native and derivatized cyclofructans. Anal Chem 2010; 81:10215-26. [PMID: 20000643 DOI: 10.1021/ac902257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unusual class of chiral selectors, cyclofructans, is introduced for the first time as bonded chiral stationary phases. Compared to native cyclofructans (CFs), which have rather limited capabilities as chiral selectors, aliphatic- and aromatic-functionalized CF6s possess unique and very different enantiomeric selectivities. Indeed, they are shown to separate a very broad range of racemic compounds. In particular, aliphatic-derivatized CF6s with a low substitution degree baseline separate all tested chiral primary amines. It appears that partial derivatization on the CF6 molecule disrupts the molecular internal hydrogen bonding, thereby making the core of the molecule more accessible. In contrast, highly aromatic-functionalized CF6 stationary phases lose most of the enantioselective capabilities toward primary amines, however they gain broad selectivity for most other types of analytes. This class of stationary phases also demonstrates high "loadability" and therefore has great potential for preparative separations. The variations in enantiomeric selectivity often can be correlated with distinct structural features of the selector. The separations occur predominantly in the presence of organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Al-Rawashdeh NA, Al-Sadeh KS, Al-Bitar MB. Physicochemical study on microencapsulation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in dermal preparations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:688-97. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903449738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|