1
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Wang C, Sun W, Wang X, Jin Y, Zhao S, Luo M, Tong S. Large-scale separation of baicalin and wogonoside from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by the combination of pH-zone-refining and conventional counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:266-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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2
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Li H, Yang Z, Cao X, Han T, Pei H. Separation of high‐purity eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oil by pH‐zone‐refining countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2569-2577. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoze Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tian Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hairun Pei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
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3
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Han T, Yang G, Cao X, Li H, Pei H, Zhang Z. Preparative and scaled‐up separation of high‐purity α‐linolenic acid from perilla seed oil by conventional and pH‐zone refining counter current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2360-2370. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Haoze Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hairun Pei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing P. R. China
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4
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Yang L, Wang C, Tong S. Preparative separation of bioactive polyphenol resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatumSieb. et Zucc. by pH‐zone‐refining countercurrent chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Yang
- Department of PharmacyHangzhou Third HospitalHangzhou Clinical College of Anhui Medical University Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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5
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Qiu X, Lv L, Sun W, Wang C, Yan J, Tong S. Separation and purification of intermediates for the preparation of naproxen from synthetic mixtures by countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3003-3008. [PMID: 29806199 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Three key intermediates in the preparation of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen were successfully separated and purified with high purity from synthetic mixtures by countercurrent chromatography with a selected biphasic solvent system. The biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (9:1:9:1, v/v/v/v) was selected according to partition performance of the three components using thin-layer chromatography. Fifty milligrams of the synthetic mixture after the three-step reaction was injected into a preparative countercurrent chromatography separation column and yielded 3.5, 14.0, and 8.0 mg of three key intermediates with 95.0, 99.0, and 98.0% purity, and the recovery of each component was 65.2, 71.2, and 69.6%, respectively. The results indicated that countercurrent chromatography is an efficient alternative and economical method for the separation and purification of intermediate components from synthetic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Lv L, Bu Z, Sun W, Wang C, Xu C, Tong S. Application of pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography in the chiral separation of two β-adrenergic blocking agents. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:1433-1441. [PMID: 29178304 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two β-adrenergic blocking agents, 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-phenoxy-2-propanol (1) and 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(3-methylphenoxy)-2-propanol (2; Toliprolol), were enantioseparated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography. A two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform containing 0.10 mol/L of di-n-hexyl l-tartrate/0.10 mol/L of boric acid aqueous solution (1:1, v/v) was selected, in which 20 mmol/L triethylamine was added in the organic phase as a retainer and 2 mmol/L HCl was added in the aqueous phase as an eluter. Fifty milligrams of each racemate was completely enantioseparated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography to yield each enantiomer with a purity of more than 98%, and the recovery of each separated enantiomer reached around 76-82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Bu Z, Lv L, Li X, Chu C, Tong S. pH-zone-refining elution-extrusion countercurrent chromatography: Separation of hydroxyanthraquinones from Cassiae semen. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4281-4288. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Xingnuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
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Wang X, Lv L, Bu Z, Yan J, Tong S. Separation of epimeric aromatic acid (-)-menthol esters by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as an additive. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2045-2053. [PMID: 28244265 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The separation of ten epimeric aromatic acid (-)-menthol esters by countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive was investigated, and methods for the analysis of all the epimeric esters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were established. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/20-70% methanol containing 50 mmol/L of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected, which provided high separation factors for five of the epimeric esters, and successful separations by countercurrent chromatography were achieved. The complete separation of five pairs of epimeric ester was obtained with the purity being over 98% for each peak fractions, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of each analyte from the eluted fractions reached around 80-88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Isolation and Purification of Phenolic Acids from Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Rinds by pH-Zone-Refining Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Li H, Cheng Y, Dong H, Wang X, Li J, Gao Q. Preparation of salvianolic acid A by the degradation reaction of salvianolic acid B in subcritical water integrated with pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1468:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Song H, Lin J, Zhu X, Chen Q. Developments in high-speed countercurrent chromatography and its applications in the separation of terpenoids and saponins. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1574-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Song
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
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12
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Sun C, Liu F, Sun J, Li J, Wang X. Optimisation and establishment of separation conditions of organic acids from Usnea longissima Ach. by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography: Discussion of the eluotropic sequence. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1427:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Park SB, Kim YS. Simultaneous separation of three isomeric sennosides from senna leaf (Cassia acutifolia) using counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3502-7. [PMID: 26255810 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Senna leaf is widely consumed as tea to treat constipation or to aid in weight loss. Sennoside A, A1 , and B are dirheinanthrone glucosides that are abundant and the bioactive constituents in the plant. They are isomers that refer to the (R*R*), (S*S*), and (R*S*) forms of protons on C-10 and C-10' centers and it is difficult to refine them individually due to their structural similarities. The new separation method using counter-current chromatography successfully purified sennoside A, A1 , and B from senna leaf (Cassia acutifolia) while reversed-phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography yielded sennoside A only. n-Butanol/isopropanol/water (5:1:6, v/v/v) was selected as the solvent system for counter-current chromatography operation, and the partition coefficients were carefully determined by adding different concentrations of formic acid. High-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were performed to verify the chemical properties of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Byul Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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14
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A general separation method of phenolic acids using pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography and its application to oat bran. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 992:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Sun C, Li J, Wang D, Yu J, Wang X, Huang L. Preparative separation of alkaloids from Litsea cubeba using combined applications of pH-zone-refining and high-speed counter-current chromatography. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography are used for separation of alkaloids from the extract of Litsea cubeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Sun
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan
- China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
| | - Jia Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan
- China
| | - Daijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan
- China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan
- China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan
- China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
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Sun C, Li J, Wang X, Duan W, Zhang T, Ito Y. Preparative separation of quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Preparative separation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) from fermented Camellia oleifera Abel cake by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) encapsulation using pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography. Food Chem 2014; 146:437-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Du
- a Institute of Food and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Weisz A, Mazzola EP, Ito Y. Preparative separation of 1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid trisodium salt from the color additive D&C Green No. 8 (pyranine) by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8249-54. [PMID: 21982993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In developing analytical methods for batch certification of the color additive D&C Green No. 8 (G8), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration needed the trisodium salt of 1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (P3S) for use as a reference material. Since P3S was not commercially available, preparative quantities of it were separated from portions of a sample of G8 that contained ∼3.5% P3S. The separations were performed by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography using dodecylamine (DA) as the hydrophobic counterion. The added DA enabled partitioning of the polysulfonated components into the organic stationary phase of the two-phase solvent system used, 1-butanol-water (1:1). Thus, a typical separation that involved 20.3g of G8, using sulfuric acid as the retainer acid and 20% DA in the stationary phase and 0.1M sodium hydroxide as the mobile phase, resulted in ∼0.58 g of P3S of greater than 99% purity. The identification and characterization of the separated P3S were performed by elemental analyses, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectrometry, ultra-violet spectra, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weisz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFS-106, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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Su YP, Shen J, Xu Y, Zheng M, Yu CX. Preparative separation of alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans Benth. using pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3695-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Sun C, Li J, Wang X, Duan W, Zhang T, Ito Y. Preparative separation of quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:278-85. [PMID: 21268250 PMCID: PMC4241851 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The optimal extraction condition for extracting quaternary ammonium alkaloid dehydrocorydaline from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang was investigated using orthogonal experimental design. pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (CCC) with normal phase elution was successfully applied to preparative separation of alkaloids from the crude extract of Corydalis yanhusuo. The separation was performed with a biphasic solvent system composed of chloroform (CHCl(3))-methanol (MeOH)-water (2:1:1, v/v), in which the lower organic phase containing 10 mM of triethylamine was used as the mobile phase, while the upper aqueous phase containing 10 mM of hydrochloric acid was used as the stationary phase. The separation mechanism of quaternary ammonium alkaloids using pH-zone-refining CCC was discussed in comparison with standard high-speed CCC. In the present study, the separation of 1.200 g of crude sample yielded 129 mg of dehydrocorydaline and 12 mg of palmatine at a high purity of 94 and 92%, respectively. Recovery for dehydrocorydaline and palmatine was 85 and 86%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Sun
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue street, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue street, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Preparative separation of isoquinoline alkaloids from Stephania yunnanensis by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1881-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Shi J, Xu G, Peng A, Peng M, Ye H, Zhong S, He S, Li S, Luo Y, Wei Y, Chen L. Purification of honokiol derivatives from one-pot synthesis by high-performance counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3461-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Weisz A, Mazzola EP, Ito Y. Preparative separation of di- and trisulfonated components of Quinoline Yellow using affinity-ligand pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4161-8. [PMID: 19281993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four positionally isomeric 2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dionedisulfonic acids (SA) and one triSA, components of the color additive Quinoline Yellow (QY, Color Index No. 47005), were isolated from the dye mixture by affinity-ligand pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (CCC) through complementary use of ion-exchange and ion-pair reagents as the ligand. The added ligands facilitated the partitioning of the very polar polysulfonated components into the organic stationary phase of the two-phase solvent systems that consisted of isoamyl alcohol-methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile-water (3:5:1:7), (3:4:1:7) or (3:1:1:5). Thus, separation of a 5-g portion of QY using sulfuric acid as the retainer and dodecylamine as the ligand (an ion-exchange reagent, 20% in the stationary phase), resulted in 1.21g of 6',5-diSA and 1.69g of 6',8',5-triSA, both of over 99% purity. A minor component, 8',4-diSA, not previously reported was also obtained (4.8mg of over 94% purity) through a similar separation of a different batch of QY using hydrochloric acid as the retainer and 10% dodecylamine as the ligand in the stationary phase. Two components that co-eluted (0.55g) in the 5g separation were separated when trifluoroacetic acid was used as the retainer and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (an ion-pair reagent) as the ligand. The separation resulted in 20.7mg of 6',4-diSA, not previously reported, and 111.8mg of 8',5-diSA, both of over 98% purity. The isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance with correlated spectroscopy assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weisz
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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Friesen JB, Pauli GF. Binary concepts and standardization in counter-current separation technology. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4237-44. [PMID: 19203761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Counter-current separation (CS) technology is currently faced with the challenge of being fit for the purpose of omics analysis, which involves highly complex samples and digitized research environments. Resembling a network of binary decisions, CS requires standardization of operation parameters in order to be efficient. While recent CS engineering solutions uniformly involve centrifugal force designs to overcome the limitation of the earth's 1xg force, factors of instrument design, operation, and graphical representation of the outcome are equally important targets for standardization. For example, chromatograms that emphasize the unique K-based nature of CS, such as reciprocal symmetry (ReS) plots, foster the fundamental understanding of CS operation. Because significant differences exist in underlying mechanism (e.g., stationary phase volume), outcome (e.g., construction of chromatograms), and scale (e.g., factors affecting overall method sensitivity) of solid-liquid vs. liquid-liquid chromatography technologies, standardization will enable the systematic exploration of the differential properties of the two LC technologies, and will be key to making CS fit for the digital omics age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Friesen
- Department of Natural Science, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
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Berthod A, Ruiz-Angel MJ, Carda-Broch S. Countercurrent chromatography: people and applications. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:4206-17. [PMID: 18986655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature was scanned for the published research articles dealing with countercurrent chromatography (CCC) over the time period 1980-May 2008. The search returned 1638 articles that were analyzed focussing on people and applications. Concerning the people, it was found that the geographical location of the CCC authors was relatively well balanced between USA, Asia with mainly China and Japan and Europe. Yoichiro Ito, the inventor of the technique, is by far the most productive author in the field with 331 articles or more than one over five CCC articles published in the time period. Without surprise, English is the dominant language with more than 82% of the articles. A significant 8% amount of CCC articles were published in Chinese in Chinese journals. Chromatography journals are the logical tribune for half of the published CCC articles. Concerning the applications, the separation and purification of natural compounds is the dominant theme in CCC making the subject of more than one article over two. Starting from the plant extract, CCC in few steps can produce significant amounts of more than 95% pure compounds used for identification and/or property studies. Other applications are found in the pharmaceutical and chemical field. The separation of enantiomers on the preparative scale is a field of growing importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berthod
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France.
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Tong S, Yan J, Guan YX. Preparative separation of isomeric caffeoylquinic acids from Flos Lonicerae by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:48-53. [PMID: 18952222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work concentrates on pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography of two isomeric dicaffeoylquinic acids, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid along with 3-caffeoylquinic acid, from crude extracts of Flos Lonicerae. The elution sequence of the isomeric dicaffeoylquinic acids, the mixing zone and mechanism of separation are discussed. The separation of 2.136g of the crude sample from Flos Lonicerae yielded two isomeric compounds: 0.289g 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 0.106g 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid plus 0.690g 3-caffeoylquinic acid at a high purity of over 92.9%, 94.2% and 97.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Pauli GF, Pro SM, Friesen JB. Countercurrent separation of natural products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1489-508. [PMID: 18666799 DOI: 10.1021/np800144q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the technology and method development in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CS), is provided. More than six decades of CS theory and applications are critically reviewed and developed into a practical guide to CS for natural products research. The necessary theoretical foundation is given for better use of CS in the separation of biological molecules of any size, small to large, and from any matrix, simple to complex. The three operational fundamentals of CS--instrumentation, biphasic solvent systems, and theory--are covered in a prismatic fashion. The goal of this review is to provide the necessary background and references for an up-to-date perspective of CS and to point out its potential for the natural products scientist for applications in natural products chemistry, metabolome, and proteome research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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