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Chen S, Liang Y, Li Y, Sun Y, He Y. Determination of rhein and physcion in rhubarb by microchip capillary electrophoresis in mixed hydro-organic solvent combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300192. [PMID: 37507831 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microchip capillary electrophoresis in mixed hydro-organic solvent combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection was developed for the separation and detection of physcion and rhein in rhubarb. In contrast to the conventional capillary electrophoresis method, ammonium acetate-dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the basic buffer system in this method. The effects of background buffer, buffer apparent pH*, buffer concentration, water ratio, sample preparation method, and separation voltage on separation and detection were investigated. Optimized separation and detection conditions were obtained: the buffer consisted of 20 mmol/L of ammonium acetate in hydro-organic solvent composed dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, and water mixed at 60/20/20 (v/v/v) ratio. The separation voltage was 1.9 kV. Under these conditions, the physcion, rhein, and other components of rhubarb can be completely separated within 150 s. Under the methodological verification, good linearity (R ≥ 0.9995) for physcion and rhein, and low limits of detection (0.085 μg·mL-1 and 0.077 μg·mL-1 , respectively), satisfactory peak area precisions, migration time precisions (1.74%-3.09%), and accuracy (recovery rate 97.8% and 101.4%) were achieved. It is shown that the proposed method is simple, efficient, fast, sensitive, simple instrument, consumes few samples, has low operating cost, and is linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShengHao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Experimental Center of Zhongshan Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Zhongshan, China
| | - YanLan Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Experimental Center of Zhongshan Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuanYuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Experimental Center of Zhongshan Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Zhongshan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Qian J, Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu J, Zhou L, Pu Q. Zwitterionic surfactant as an additive for efficient electrophoretic separation of easily absorbed rhodamine dyes on plastic microchips. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463716. [PMID: 36565653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plastic microchips possess the advantages of easy fabrication and low-cost, but their surface properties are frequently incompatible with electrophoretic separation without proper surface modification. Meanwhile, the separation microchannels on typical microchips are usually only a few centimeters long, the pressurized flow may significantly affect the electrophoretic separation if their inner diameters (id) are relatively larger (approximately > 50 μm), viscous separation medium is therefore required for efficient separation. Herein, a zwitterionic surfactant, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane sulfonate (HDAPS), was used as a multifunctional additive to inhibit the analyte adsorption, improve the surface status, control Joule heating and modulate the resolution on cyclic olefin copolymer microchips with 80 μm id, 5 cm long separation microchannels, eliminating the necessity of viscous polymeric additives. The effectiveness of HDAPS was compared with an ionic polymeric additive, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride). The streaming potential and electroosmotic flow measurements indicated an effective inhibition of the adsorption of rhodamine B and a stable negative surface charge with zwitterionic HDAPS. Using 15 mmol/L HDAPS, 40% (v/v) methanol, and 10 mmol/L boric acid (pH 3.2) as the running buffer, rapid separation of four rhodamines was achieved within 90 s under a separation electric field of 520 V/cm. The theoretical plate numbers were in a range of 5.0×105-6.9×105/m. The relative standard deviations were no more than 0.9% for retention time and 1.5% for peak area. The proposed system was verified by the determination of rhodamines in eyeshadow and wolfberry, with standard recoveries in a range of 98.2%-101.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Non-aqueous electrophoresis integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on a thiol-ene polymer-based microchip device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4195-4205. [PMID: 33954829 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) on microfluidic chips is still a comparatively little explored area, despite the inherent advantages of this technique and its application potential for, in particular, lipophilic compounds. A main reason is probably the fact that implementation of NACE on microchips largely precluded the use of polymeric substrate materials. Here, we report non-aqueous electrophoresis on a thiol-ene-based microfluidic chip coupled to mass spectrometry via an on-chip ESI interface. Microchips with an integrated ESI emitter were fabricated using a double-molding approach. The durability of thiol-ene, when exposed to different organic solvents, was investigated with respect to swelling and decomposition of the polymer. Thiol-ene exhibited good stability against organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, N-methylformamide, and formamide, which allows for a wide range of background electrolyte compositions. The integrated ESI emitter provided a stable spray with RSD% of the ESI signal ≤8%. Separation efficiency of the developed microchip electrophoresis system in different non-aqueous buffer solutions was tested with a mixture of several drugs of abuse. Ethanol- and methanol-based buffers provided comparable high theoretical plate numbers (≈ 6.6 × 104-1.6 × 105 m-1) with ethanol exhibiting the best separation efficiency. Direct coupling of non-aqueous electrophoresis to mass spectrometry allowed for fast analysis of hydrophobic compounds in the range of 0.1-5 μg mL-1 and 0.2-10 μg mL-1 and very good sensitivities (LOD ≈ 0.06-0.28 μg mL-1; LOQ ≈ 0.20-0.90 μg mL-1). The novel combination of non-aqueous CE on a microfluidic thiol-ene device and ESI-MS provides a mass-producible and highly versatile system for the analysis of, in particular, lipophilic compounds in a wide range of organic solvents. This offers promising potential for future applications in forensic, clinical, and environmental analysis. Graphical abstract.
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Khor CY, Khoo BY. PPARα plays an important role in the migration activity, and the expression of CYP2S1 and CYP1B1 in chrysin-treated HCT116 cells. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1581-1595. [PMID: 32385743 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the metabolising effect of chrysin by investigating the mRNA expression levels of PPARα and its related cellular mechanisms in HCT116 cells. RESULTS The mRNA expression of PPARα was significantly induced in HCT116 cells following treatment with chrysin for 36 h, but the mRNA expression of PPARα was inhibited, when the cells were treated with a combination of chrysin and MK886 (PPARα inhibitor). This phenomenon proved that the incorporation of MK886 lowers the expression levels of PPARα, thus enabling us to study the function of PPARα. The cell population of the G0/G1 phase significantly increased in chrysin-treated cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of S phase cell population after 12 h of treatment. However, treatments of HCT116 cells with chrysin only or a combination of chrysin and MK886 did not show the opposite situation in the G0/G1 and S phase cell populations, indicating that the expression of PPARα may not be associated with the cell cycle in the treated cells. The migration rate in chrysin-treated HCT116 cells was reduced significantly after 24 and 36 h of treatments. However, the activity was revived, when the expression of PPARα was inhibited, indicating that the migration activity of chrysin-treated cells is likely correlated with the expression of PPARα. Comparison of the CYP2S1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in chrysin only treated, and a combination of chrysin and MK886-treated HCT116 cells for 24 and 36 h showed a significant difference in the expression levels, indicating that PPARα inhibitor could also modify the expression of CYP2S1 and CYP1B1. CONCLUSION The study indicates that PPARα may play an essential role in regulating the migration activity, and the expression of CYP2S1 and CYP1B1 in chrysin-treated colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yin Khor
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universitit Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Yin Khoo
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universitit Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Duarte LM, Moreira RC, Coltro WKT. Nonaqueous electrophoresis on microchips: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:434-448. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Duarte
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Roger C. Moreira
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica Campinas SP Brazil
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Paul P, Sänger-van de Griend C, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. Recent advances in the capillary electrophoresis analysis of antibiotics with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:405-415. [PMID: 29940496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review describes briefly the high rate of counterfeiting of antimicrobial drugs with focus upon its immediate health consequences. The major part of this review encompasses accounts of the improvements achieved in the domain of miniaturization of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D). The application of this principle into the development of portable devices as well as its application to counter the health-system-crippling phenomenon of counterfeit antibiotic formulations, are discussed in the context of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Paul
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Department of Medicinal chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 751 23, Sweden; Kantisto BV, Callenburglaan 22, Baarn, 3742 MV, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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7
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Włodarczyk E, Zarzycki PK. Chromatographic behavior of selected dyes on silica and cellulose micro-TLC plates: Potential application as target substances for extraction, chromatographic, and/or microfluidic systems. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1298028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Włodarczyk
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Zarzycki
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
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8
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Tähkä SM, Bonabi A, Jokinen VP, Sikanen TM. Aqueous and non-aqueous microchip electrophoresis with on-chip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on replica-molded thiol-ene microfluidic devices. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:150-156. [PMID: 28347516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work describes aqueous and non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis on thiol-ene-based microfluidic separation devices that feature fully integrated and sharp electrospray ionization (ESI) emitters. The chip fabrication is based on simple and low-cost replica-molding of thiol-ene polymers under standard laboratory conditions. The mechanical rigidity and the stability of the materials against organic solvents, acids and bases could be tuned by adjusting the respective stoichiometric ratio of the thiol and allyl ("ene") monomers, which allowed us to carry out electrophoresis separation in both aqueous and non-aqueous (methanol- and ethanol-based) background electrolytes. The stability of the ESI signal was generally ≤10% RSD for all emitters. The respective migration time repeatabilities in aqueous and non-aqueous background electrolytes were below 3 and 14% RSD (n=4-6, with internal standard). The analytical performance of the developed thiol-ene microdevices was shown in mass spectrometry (MS) based analysis of peptides, proteins, and small molecules. The theoretical plate numbers were the highest (1.2-2.4×104m-1) in ethanol-based background electrolytes. The ionization efficiency also increased under non-aqueous conditions compared to aqueous background electrolytes. The results show that replica-molding of thiol-enes is a feasible approach for producing ESI microdevices that perform in a stable manner in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari M Tähkä
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Programme, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ashkan Bonabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Programme, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ville P Jokinen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tiina M Sikanen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Programme, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Prutthiwanasan B, Phechkrajang C, Suntornsuk L. Fluorescent labelling of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin and its application for residues analysis in surface water. Talanta 2016; 159:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Aboud N, Ferraro D, Taverna M, Descroix S, Smadja C, Thuy Tran N. Dyneon THV, a fluorinated thermoplastic as a novel material for microchip capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2016; 141:5776-5783. [PMID: 27486596 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00821f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated Dyneon THV, a fluorinated material, as a new material to afford electrokinetic separations in microfluidic devices. To overcome protein adsorption, two poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based coatings have been investigated: Pluronic F127 and PEO stearate 40. The best results were obtained with the PEO stearate 40 coating which allowed decreasing the surface contact angle from 91 ± 3 to 76°± 3. With this surface treatment, a 66% reduction of the electroosmotic mobility at pH 8.0 and a marked suppression of protein adsorption were observed compared to a native Dyneon THV microchip. Finally, a separation of fluorescently labeled proteins (bovine serum albumin and trypsin inhibitor), well-known for their strong tendency to adsorb on hydrophobic surfaces, was successfully achieved in an HEPES buffer with a PEO stearate 40 treated microchip by capillary zone electrophoresis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the possibility to perform non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis analysis of hydrophobic dyes using various solvents in untreated microchips. The overall results demonstrated not only the suitability of the Dyneon THV microchip for electrokinetic separations, but also its versatility allowing different separation modes to be implemented with the same microchip material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacéra Aboud
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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11
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Fang XX, Fang P, Pan JZ, Fang Q. A compact short-capillary based high-speed capillary electrophoresis bioanalyzer. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2376-83. [PMID: 27377052 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, a compact high-speed CE bioanalyzer based on a short capillary has been developed. Multiple modules of picoliter scale sample injection, high-speed CE separation, sample changing, LIF detection, as well as a custom designed tablet computer for data processing, instrument controlling, and result displaying were integrated in the bioanalyzer with a total size of 23 × 17 × 19 cm (length × width × height). The high-speed CE bioanalyzer is capable of performing automated sample injection and separation for multiple samples and has been successfully applied in fast separations of amino acids, chiral amino acids, proteins and DNA fragments. For instance, baseline separation of six FITC-labeled amino acids and ultrahigh-speed separation of three amino acids could be achieved within 7 and 1 s, respectively. The separation speed and efficiency of the optimized high-speed CE system are comparable to or even better than those reported in microchip-based CE systems. We believe this bioanalyzer could provide an advanced platform for fundamental research in bioscience and clinical diagnosis, as well as in quality control for drugs, foods, and feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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Wei X, Sun P, Yang S, Zhao L, Wu J, Li F, Pu Q. Microchip electrophoresis with background electrolyte containing polyacrylic acid and high content organic solvent in cyclic olefin copolymer microchips for easily adsorbed dyes. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1457:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Škereňová M, Mikulová V, Čapoun O, Zima T. The characterization of four gene expression analysis in circulating tumor cells made by Multiplex-PCR from the AdnaTest kit on the lab-on-a-chip Agilent DNA 1000 platform. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2016; 26:103-13. [PMID: 26981024 PMCID: PMC4783084 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2016.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nowadays, on-a-chip capillary electrophoresis is a routine method for the detection of PCR fragments. The Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer was one of the first commercial devices in this field. Our project was designed to study the characteristics of Agilent DNA 1000 kit in PCR fragment analysis as a part of circulating tumour cell (CTC) detection technique. Despite the common use of this kit a complex analysis of the results from a long-term project is still missing. Materials and methods A commercially available Agilent DNA 1000 kit was used as a final step in the CTC detection (AdnaTest) for the determination of the presence of PCR fragments generated by Multiplex PCR. Data from 30 prostate cancer patients obtained during two years of research were analyzed to determine the trueness and precision of the PCR fragment size determination. Additional experiments were performed to demonstrate the precision (repeatability, reproducibility) and robustness of PCR fragment concentration determination. Results The trueness and precision of the size determination was below 3% and 2% respectively. The repeatability of the concentration determination was below 15%. The difference in concentration determination increases when Multiplex-PCR/storage step is added between the two measurements of one sample. Conclusions The characteristics established in our study are in concordance with the manufacturer’s specifications established for a ladder as a sample. However, the concentration determination may vary depending on chip preparation, sample storage and concentration. The 15% variation of concentration determination repeatability was shown to be partly proportional and can be suppressed by proper normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Škereňová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Mikulová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Čapoun
- Department of Urology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Park M, Bahng SH, Woo N, Kang SH. Highly sensitive wavelength-dependent nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous screening of various synthetic organic dyes. Talanta 2016; 152:236-43. [PMID: 26992516 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel multi-wavelength nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (MW-NACE) technique based on wavelength-dependent laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was investigated for the simultaneous screening of various synthetic organic dyes. Multi-wavelength excitation light sources were utilized to excite different organic dyes [e.g., 543 nm for crystal violet (CV), methyl violet B (MVB), methyl violet B base (MBB), rhodamine 6G (R6G), and rhodamine B base (RBB); 635 nm for nile blue A (NBA) and methylene blue (MB)] simultaneously. Using a nonaqueous buffer system composed of 15 mM sodium borate and 835 mM acetic acid in 100% ethanol (pH=5.4), all dyes were analyzed within 15 min with excellent resolution (R≥4.0) under an electric field of 500 V/cm. Calibration curves showed excellent linearity with square of correlation coefficients (r(2)) greater than 0.9908 over wide dynamic ranges of 0.4-50 μM for CV, 0.8-50 μM for MVB, 1.5-50 μM for MBB, 0.08-5 nM for R6G, 0.06-10 μM for MB, 0.02-10 μM for NBA, and 0.13-10 pM for RBB. The detection limits (S/N=3) of 40 fM to 0.5 μM were 10-200,000 times lower than those of previous detection methods. While adjacent peaks were not well distinguished with baseline separation in a single capillary, the devised technique was faster and more sensitive than conventional aqueous and nonaqueous CE approaches, thereby enabling the quantitative analysis of various dyes based on wavelength-dependent fluorescence detection with different excitation wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonhee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Bahng
- Criminal Investigation Command of MND, Seoul 04383, Republic of Korea
| | - Nain Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Marsin Sanagi M. Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 14:79-98. [PMID: 32214934 PMCID: PMC7087629 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet-visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41477 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
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16
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Deng Y, Yi L, Lin X, Lin L, Li H, Lin JM. A non-invasive genomic diagnostic method for bladder cancer using size-based filtration and microchip electrophoresis. Talanta 2015; 144:136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Recent applications of microchip electrophoresis to biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:72-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Hendrickx S, de Malsche W, Cabooter D. An overview of the use of microchips in electrophoretic separation techniques: fabrication, separation modes, sample preparation opportunities, and on-chip detection. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1274:3-17. [PMID: 25673478 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2353-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter is intended as a basic introduction to microchip-based capillary electrophoresis to set the scene for newcomers and give pointers to reference material. An outline of some commonly used setups and key concepts is given, many of which are explored in greater depth in later chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Hendrickx
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, O&N2 923, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Macka M, Piasecki T, Dasgupta PK. Light-emitting diodes for analytical chemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:183-207. [PMID: 24818811 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are playing increasingly important roles in analytical chemistry, from the final analysis stage to photoreactors for analyte conversion to actual fabrication of and incorporation in microdevices for analytical use. The extremely fast turn-on/off rates of LEDs have made possible simple approaches to fluorescence lifetime measurement. Although they are increasingly being used as detectors, their wavelength selectivity as detectors has rarely been exploited. From their first proposed use for absorbance measurement in 1970, LEDs have been used in analytical chemistry in too many ways to make a comprehensive review possible. Hence, we critically review here the more recent literature on their use in optical detection and measurement systems. Cloudy as our crystal ball may be, we express our views on the future applications of LEDs in analytical chemistry: The horizon will certainly become wider as LEDs in the deep UV with sufficient intensity become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirek Macka
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science and School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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20
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Kenndler E. A critical overview of non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. Part I: Mobility and separation selectivity. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Tu FQ, Zhang LY, Guo XF, Wang H, Zhang HS. Development of a potential method based on microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection for the sensitive determination of intracellular thiols in RAW264.7 cells. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1188-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Hua-Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
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22
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Asensi-Bernardi L, Van Schepdael A. Chiral separations by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis in DMSO-based background electrolytes. Talanta 2014; 118:328-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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