1
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Luu O, Barua D, Winklbauer R. Cell contacts and pericellular matrix in the Xenopus gastrula chordamesoderm. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297420. [PMID: 38346069 PMCID: PMC10861091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Convergent extension of the chordamesoderm is the best-examined gastrulation movement in Xenopus. Here we study general features of cell-cell contacts in this tissue by combining depletion of adhesion factors C-cadherin, Syndecan-4, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid, the analysis of respective contact width spectra and contact angles, and La3+ staining of the pericellular matrix. We provide evidence that like in other gastrula tissues, cell-cell adhesion in the chordamesoderm is largely mediated by different types of pericellular matrix. Specific glycocalyx structures previously identified in Xenopus gastrula tissues are absent in chordamesoderm but other contact types like 10-20 nm wide La3+ stained structures are present instead. Knockdown of any of the adhesion factors reduces the abundance of cell contacts but not the average relative adhesiveness of the remaining ones: a decrease of adhesiveness at low contact widths is compensated by an increase of contact widths and an increase of adhesiveness proportional to width. From the adhesiveness-width relationship, we derive a model of chordamesoderm cell adhesion that involves the interdigitation of distinct pericellular matrix units. Quantitative description of pericellular matrix deployment suggests that reduced contact abundance upon adhesion factor depletion is correlated with excessive accumulation of matrix material in non-adhesive gaps and the loss of some contact types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Luu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debanjan Barua
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Kochanowski JA, Carroll B, Asp ME, Kaputa EC, Patteson AE. Bacteria Colonies Modify Their Shear and Compressive Mechanical Properties in Response to Different Growth Substrates. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38193703 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria build multicellular communities termed biofilms, which are often encased in a self-secreted extracellular matrix that gives the community mechanical strength and protection against harsh chemicals. How bacteria assemble distinct multicellular structures in response to different environmental conditions remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the connection between bacteria colony mechanics and the colony growth substrate by measuring the oscillatory shear and compressive rheology of bacteria colonies grown on agar substrates. We found that bacteria colonies modify their own mechanical properties in response to shear and uniaxial compression in a manner that depends on the concentration of agar in their growth substrate. These findings highlight that mechanical interactions between bacteria and their microenvironments are an important element in bacteria colony development, which can aid in developing strategies to disrupt or reduce biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub A Kochanowski
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Bobby Carroll
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Merrill E Asp
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Emma C Kaputa
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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3
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Dias S, Pinto SN, Silva-Herdade AS, Cavaco M, Neves V, Tavares L, Oliveira M, Andreu D, Coutinho A, Castanho MARB, Veiga AS. Quantitative Imaging of the Action of vCPP2319, an Antimicrobial Peptide from a Viral Scaffold, against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms of a Clinical Isolate. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1889-1900. [PMID: 37669146 PMCID: PMC10580319 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biofilms is a common virulence factor that makes bacterial infections difficult to treat and a major human health problem. Biofilms are bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In this work, we show that vCPP2319, a polycationic peptide derived from the capsid protein of Torque teno douroucouli virus, is active against preformed Staphylococcus aureus biofilms produced by both a reference strain and a clinical strain isolated from a diabetic foot infection, mainly by the killing of biofilm-embedded bacteria. The direct effect of vCPP2319 on bacterial cells was imaged using atomic force and confocal laser scanning microscopy, showing that the peptide induces morphological changes in bacterial cells and membrane disruption. Importantly, vCPP2319 exhibits low toxicity toward human cells and high stability in human serum. Since vCPP2319 has a limited effect on the biofilm EPS matrix itself, we explored a combined effect with α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), an EPS matrix-degrading enzyme. In fact, α-amylase decreases the density of S. aureus biofilms by 2.5-fold. Nonetheless, quantitative analysis of bioimaging data shows that vCPP2319 partially restores biofilm compactness after digestion of the polysaccharides, probably due to electrostatic cross-bridging of the matrix nucleic acids, which explains why α-amylase fails to improve the antibacterial action of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana
A. Dias
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra N. Pinto
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Associate Laboratory i4HB −
Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Silva-Herdade
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA
− Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em
Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade
de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade
Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório
Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA
− Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em
Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade
de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade
Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório
Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Department
of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra
University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Coutinho
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Associate Laboratory i4HB −
Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Li X, Kong R, Wang J, Wu J, Wang X. Matrix Producing Cells Induce the Morphological Difference in the Bacillus subtilis Biofilm. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:197-207. [PMID: 37325022 PMCID: PMC10267082 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a 'coffee ring' in the Bacillus subtilis biofilm center, and the colony biofilm morphologies are distinct inside and outside the 'coffee ring'. In this paper, we study this morphological difference and explain the reasons of the 'coffee ring' formation and further the causes to the morphological variation. We developed a quantitative method to characterize the surface morphology, the outer area is thicker than the inner area of the 'coffee ring', and the thickness amplitude in outer area is larger than inner area of the 'coffee ring'. We adopt a logistic growth model to obtain how the environmental resistance influence the colony biofilm thickness. Dead cells provide gaps for stress release and make folds formation in colony biofilm. we developed a technique for optical imaging and matching cells with the BRISK algorithm to capture the distribution and movement of motile cells and matrix producing cells in the colony biofilm. Matrix producing cells are mainly distribute in the outside of the 'coffee ring', and the extracellular matrix (ECM) prevents the motile cells moving outward from center. Motile cells mainly locate inside the ring, a small amount of dead motile cells outside the 'coffee ring' give rise to radial folds formation. There are no ECM blocking cell movements inside the ring, which result in uniform folds formation. The distribution of ECM and different phenotypes lead to the formation of the 'coffee ring', which is verified by using eps and flagellar mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Rui Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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5
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Agles AA, Bourg IC. Structure-Thermodynamic Relationship of a Polysaccharide Gel (Alginate) as a Function of Water Content and Counterion Type (Na vs Ca). J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1828-1841. [PMID: 36791328 PMCID: PMC10159261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are the predominant mode of microbial life on Earth, and so a deep understanding of microbial communities─and their impacts on environmental processes─requires a firm understanding of biofilm properties. Because of the importance of biofilms to their microbial inhabitants, microbes have evolved different ways of engineering and reconfiguring the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that constitute the main non-living component of biofilms. This ability makes it difficult to distinguish between the biotic and abiotic origins of biofilm properties. An important route toward establishing this distinction has been the study of simplified models of the EPS matrix. This study builds on such efforts by using atomistic simulations to predict the nanoscale (≤10 nm scale) structure of a model EPS matrix and the sensitivity of this structure to interpolymer interactions and water content. To accomplish this, we use replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations to generate all-atom configurations of ten 3.4 kDa alginate polymers at a range of water contents and Ca-Na ratios. Simulated systems are solvated with explicitly modeled water molecules, which allows us to capture the discrete structure of the hydrating water and to examine the thermodynamic stability of water in the gels as they are progressively dehydrated. Our primary findings are that (i) the structure of the hydrogels is highly sensitive to the identity of the charge-compensating cations, (ii) the thermodynamics of water within the gels (specific enthalpy and free energy) are, surprisingly, only weakly sensitive to cation identity, and (iii) predictions of the differential enthalpy and free energy of hydration include a short-ranged enthalpic term that promotes hydration and a longer-ranged (presumably entropic) term that promotes dehydration, where short and long ranges refer to distances shorter or longer than ∼0.6 nm between alginate strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Agles
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ian C Bourg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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6
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Iseppi R, Mariani M, Benvenuti S, Truzzi E, Messi P. Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia Chell (Tea Tree) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Essential Oils on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Biofilms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041671. [PMID: 36838657 PMCID: PMC9961662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, the anti-biofilm potential of two essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia Chell (Tea-Tree) (TTO) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (EEO) was characterized and tested "in vitro" against both mature biofilms and biofilms in the process of formation, produced by strains belonging to three main categories of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB): Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL). The study was carried out in 96-well microtiter-plates using EOs alone, in association with each other and in combination with antibiotics against both single and multi-species biofilm. The study demonstrated the ability of TTO and EEO to counteract the ARB strains in sessile form, with promising results in particular against the biofilm in formation. Mature biofilm by ESBL E. coli was the most sensitive in the results from the quantification study of viable cells performed in multi-species biofilms. Lastly, in all tests, carried out using TTO/EEO associations and EOs/antibiotic combinations, the synergistic effect which emerged from the FIC-index has been confirmed, and both the reduction of biofilm in formation, and the removal of mature structure was obtained at very low concentrations, with values from 4 to >512-fold lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the single compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Iseppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Mariani
- Burn Intensive Care Unit, Hospital A. Cardarelli, Via A. Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Wei Z, Li D, Li S, Hao T, Zeng H, Zhang J. Improving mechanical stability of anammox granules with organic stress by limited filamentous bulking. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128558. [PMID: 36587769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under organic stress, the limited filamentous bulking (FB) was demonstrated to improve anammox capability by inhibiting granule disintegration and washout. The accumulation of internal stress played a more important role than the adverse physicochemical properties (low viscoelasticity and hydrophobicity) of granules in limiting granular strength by consuming the granular elastic energy. Different from the floc-forming heterotrophic bacteria (HB) that stored its growth stress as internal stress by pushing the surrounded anammox micro-colonies outwards under the spatial constraint of elastic anammox "shell", the filamentous HB grew into a uniform network structure within granules, endowed granules low internal stress and acted as the granular skeleton due to its rich amyloid substance, which was benefited from the elimination of inhomogeneous growth and the consequent expansion competition for living space. Combined with the mechanical instability and sticking-spring models, controlling FB at limited level was effective for improving granular strength without affecting sludge-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tongyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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8
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Negm NA, Altalhi AA, Saleh Mohamed NE, Kana MTHA, Mohamed EA. Growth Inhibition of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria during Gas and Oil Production Using Novel Schiff Base Diquaternary Biocides: Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40098-40108. [PMID: 36385895 PMCID: PMC9647739 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Upstream crude oil production equipment is always exposed to destruction damagingly which is caused by sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) activities that produce H2S gas, which leads to increased metal corrosion (bio-fouling) rates and inflicts effective infrastructure damage. Hence, oil and gas reservoirs must be injected with biocides and inhibitors which still offer the foremost protection against harmful microbial activity. However, because of the economic and environmental risks associated with biocides, the oil and gas sectors improve better methods for their usage. This work describes the synthesis and evaluation of the biological activities as the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of a series of diquaternary cationic biocides that were studied during the inhibition of microbial biofilms. The prepared diquaternary compound was synthesized by coupling vanillin and 4-aminoantipyrene to achieve the corresponding Schiff base, followed by a quaternization reaction using 1,6-bromohexane, 1,8-bromooctane, and 1,12-bromododecane. The increase of their alkyl chain length from 6 to 12 methylene groups increased the obtained antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Antimicrobial efficacies of Q1-3 against various biofilm-forming microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, were examined utilizing the diameter of inhibition zone procedures. The results revealed that cytotoxic efficacies of Q1-3 were significantly associated mainly with maximum surface excess and interfacial characteristics. The cytotoxic efficiencies of Q1-3 biocides demonstrated promising results due to their comparatively higher efficacies against SRB. Q3 exhibited the highest cytotoxic biocide against the gram +ve, gram -ve, and SRB species according to the inhibition zone diameter test. The toxicity of the studied microorganisms depended on the nature and type of the target microorganism and the hydrophobicity of the biocide molecules. Cytotoxicity assessment and antimicrobial activity displayed increased activity by the increase in their alkyl chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabel A. Negm
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemicals, 1 Ahmed Elzommer Street, Nasr City, CairoEG 11776, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Altalhi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermin E. Saleh Mohamed
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemicals, 1 Ahmed Elzommer Street, Nasr City, CairoEG 11776, Egypt
| | - Maram T. H. A. Kana
- National
Institute of LASER Enhanced Science, Cairo
University, Giza11776, Egypt
| | - Eslam A. Mohamed
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemicals, 1 Ahmed Elzommer Street, Nasr City, CairoEG 11776, Egypt
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9
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Ma X, Liu Z, Zeng W, Lin T, Tian X, Cheng X. Crack patterns of drying dense bacterial suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5239-5248. [PMID: 35771131 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drying of bacterial suspensions is frequently encountered in a plethora of natural and engineering processes. However, the evaporation-driven mechanical instabilities of dense consolidating bacterial suspensions have not been explored heretofore. Here, we report the formation of two different crack patterns of drying suspensions of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with distinct motile behaviors. Circular cracks are observed for wild-type E. coli with active swimming, whereas spiral-like cracks form for immotile bacteria. Using the elastic fracture mechanics and the poroelastic theory, we show that the formation of the circular cracks is determined by the tensile nature of the radial drying stress once the cracks are initiated by the local order structure of bacteria due to their collective swimming. Our study demonstrates the link between the microscopic swimming behaviors of individual bacteria and the mechanical instabilities and macroscopic pattern formation of drying bacterial films. The results shed light on the dynamics of active matter in a drying process and provide useful information for understanding various biological processes associated with drying bacterial suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zhengyang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tianyi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Jia B, Du X, Wang W, Qu Y, Liu X, Zhao M, Li W, Li Y. Nanophysical Antimicrobial Strategies: A Rational Deployment of Nanomaterials and Physical Stimulations in Combating Bacterial Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105252. [PMID: 35088586 PMCID: PMC8981469 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance due to the evolution of microbes under antibiotic selection pressure, and their ability to form biofilm, has necessitated the development of alternative antimicrobial therapeutics. Physical stimulation, as a powerful antimicrobial method to disrupt microbial structure, has been widely used in food and industrial sterilization. With advances in nanotechnology, nanophysical antimicrobial strategies (NPAS) have provided unprecedented opportunities to treat antibiotic-resistant infections, via a combination of nanomaterials and physical stimulations. In this review, NPAS are categorized according to the modes of their physical stimulation, which include mechanical, optical, magnetic, acoustic, and electrical signals. The biomedical applications of NPAS in combating bacterial infections are systematically introduced, with a focus on their design and antimicrobial mechanisms. Current challenges and further perspectives of NPAS in the clinical treatment of bacterial infections are also summarized and discussed to highlight their potential use in clinical settings. The authors hope that this review will attract more researchers to further advance the promising field of NPAS, and provide new insights for designing powerful strategies to combat bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Jia
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Xuancheng Du
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Yong‐Qiang Li
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary ScienceSchool of PhysicsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
- Suzhou Research InstituteShandong UniversitySuzhou215123China
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11
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Cross flow frequency determines the physical structure and cohesion of membrane biofilms developed during gravity-driven membrane ultrafiltration of river water: Implication for hydraulic resistance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Turci F, Wilding NB. Wetting Transition of Active Brownian Particles on a Thin Membrane. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:238002. [PMID: 34936774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.238002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study nonequilibrium analogues of surface phase transitions in a minimal model of active particles in contact with a purely repulsive potential barrier that mimics a thin porous membrane. Under conditions of bulk motility-induced phase separation, the interaction strength ϵ_{w} of the barrier controls the affinity of the dense phase for the barrier region. We uncover clear signatures of a wetting phase transition as ϵ_{w} is varied. In common with its equilibrium counterpart, the character of this transition depends on the system dimensionality: a continuous transition with large density fluctuations and gas bubbles is uncovered in 2D while 3D systems exhibit a sharp transition absent of large correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- H.H.Wills Physics Laboratory, Royal Fort, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Wilding
- H.H.Wills Physics Laboratory, Royal Fort, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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13
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Gomes Von Borowski R, Chat S, Schneider R, Nonin-Lecomte S, Bouaziz S, Giudice E, Rigon Zimmer A, Baggio Gnoatto SC, Macedo AJ, Gillet R. Capsicumicine, a New Bioinspired Peptide from Red Peppers Prevents Staphylococcal Biofilm In Vitro and In Vivo via a Matrix Anti-Assembly Mechanism of Action. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0047121. [PMID: 34704807 PMCID: PMC8549733 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00471-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are pathogenic biofilm-forming bacteria and a source of multidrug resistance and/or tolerance causing a broad spectrum of infections. These bacteria are enclosed in a matrix that allows them to colonize medical devices, such as catheters and tissues, and that protects against antibiotics and immune systems. Advances in antibiofilm strategies for targeting this matrix are therefore extremely relevant. Here, we describe the development of the Capsicum pepper bioinspired peptide "capsicumicine." By using microbiological, microscopic, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches, we demonstrate that capsicumicine strongly prevents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm via an extracellular "matrix anti-assembly" mechanism of action. The results were confirmed in vivo in a translational preclinical model that mimics medical device-related infection. Since capsicumicine is not cytotoxic, it is a promising candidate for complementary treatment of infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic biofilms are a global health care concern, as they can cause extensive antibiotic resistance, morbidity, mortality, and thereby substantial economic loss. So far, no effective treatments targeting the bacteria in biofilms have been developed. Plants are constantly attacked by a wide range of pathogens and have protective factors, such as peptides, to defend themselves. These peptides are common components in Capsicum baccatum (red pepper). Here, we provide insights into an antibiofilm strategy based on the development of capsicumicine, a natural peptide that strongly controls biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most prevalent pathogen in device-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gomes Von Borowski
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sophie Chat
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Rafael Schneider
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Nonin-Lecomte
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM (Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments) UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM (Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments) UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Giudice
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
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14
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Ghosh UU, Ali H, Ghosh R, Kumar A. Bacterial streamers as colloidal systems: Five grand challenges. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:265-278. [PMID: 33765646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can thrive in biofilms, which are intricately organized communities with cells encased in a self-secreted matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Imposed hydrodynamic stresses can transform this active colloidal dispersion of bacteria and EPS into slender thread-like entities called streamers. In this perspective article, the reader is introduced to the world of such deformable 'bacteria-EPS' composites that are a subclass of the generic flow-induced colloidal structures. While bacterial streamers have been shown to form in a variety of hydrodynamic conditions (turbulent and creeping flows), its abiotic analogues have only been demonstrated in low Reynolds number (Re < 1) particle-laden polymeric flows. Streamers are relevant to a variety of situations ranging from natural formations in caves and river beds to clogging of biomedical devices and filtration membranes. A critical review of the relevant biophysical aspects of streamer formation phenomena and unique attributes of its material behavior are distilled to unveil five grand scientific challenges. The coupling between colloidal hydrodynamics, device geometry and streamer formation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita U Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Hessein Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Aloke Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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15
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Wang X, Zhang D, Dong F, Liu S, Zhang J, Zhao H. Cell differentiation and motion determine the Bacillus subtilis biofilm morphological evolution under the competitive growth. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:396-405. [PMID: 33682160 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The growth discrepancy of Bacillus subtilis biofilms along different directions under the competitive growth drive the formation of anisotropic biofilm morphology directly. Two biofilms growing from two inoculating positions with different distances exhibit promoting or inhibiting growth behavior. Here we develop an optical imaging technology to observe the cell differentiation and the growth dynamics when the biofilm grows. It shows that the spatiotemporal distribution of different phenotypes affects the biofilm morphological evolution. We develop a program to calculate the velocity of cell motion within the biofilm, which is based on the feature point matching approach. We find the cell differentiation ununiformity in the neighboring region and its opposite region leads to the cell velocity difference in the competitive environment, the different cell motion further influences the biofilm morphology evolution. When biofilms grow with a long inoculating distance, there is always a gap between the them; when biofilms grow with a short inoculating distance, two biofilms gradually merge into a whole. Our work establishes a relationship between microscopic cells and macroscopic biofilm morphological which enables us to study the competitive growth process of biofilms from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Duohuai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Fulin Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, China
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16
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Pavissich JP, Li M, Nerenberg R. Spatial distribution of mechanical properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, and their potential impacts on biofilm deformation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1564-1575. [PMID: 33415727 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biofilms can be used to predict biofilm deformation under external forces, for example, under fluid flow. We used magnetic tweezers to spatially map the compliance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms at the microscale, then applied modeling to assess its effects on biofilm deformation. Biofilms were grown in capillary flow cells with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.28 to 13.9, bulk dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from 1 mg/L to 8 mg/L, and bulk calcium ion (Ca2+ ) concentrations of 0 and 100 mg CaCl2 /L. Higher Re numbers resulted in more uniform biofilm morphologies. The biofilm was stiffer at the center of the flow cell than near the walls. Lower bulk DO led to more stratified biofilms. Higher Ca2+ concentrations led to increased stiffness and more uniform mechanical properties. Using the experimental mechanical properties, fluid-structure interaction models predicted up to 64% greater deformation for heterogeneous biofilms, compared with a homogeneous biofilms with the same average properties. However, the deviation depended on the biofilm morphology and flow regime. Our results show significant spatial mechanical variability exists at the microscale, and that this variability can potentially affect biofilm deformation. The average biofilm mechanical properties, provided in many studies, should be used with caution when predicting biofilm deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Pavissich
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Mengfei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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17
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In-Situ Investigation on Nanoscopic Biomechanics of Streptococcus mutans at Low pH Citric Acid Environments Using an AFM Fluid Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249481. [PMID: 33322170 PMCID: PMC7764216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is widely regarded as the main cause of human dental caries via three main virulence factors: adhesion, acidogenicity, and aciduricity. Citric acid is one of the antibiotic agents that can inhibit the virulence capabilities of S. mutans. A full understanding of the acidic resistance mechanisms (ARMs) causing bacteria to thrive in citrate transport is still elusive. We propose atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipped with a fluid cell to study the S. mutans ARMs via surface nanomechanical properties at citric acid pH 3.3, 2.3, and 1.8. Among these treatments, at pH 1.8, the effect of the citric acid shock in cells is demonstrated through a significantly low number of high adhesion zones, and a noticeable reduction in adhesion forces. Consequently, this study paves the way to understand that S. mutans ARMs are associated with the variation of the number of adhesion zones on the cell surface, which is influenced by citrate and proton transport. The results are expected to be useful in developing antibiotics or drugs involving citric acid for dental plaque treatment.
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18
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Gloag ES, Fabbri S, Wozniak DJ, Stoodley P. Biofilm mechanics: Implications in infection and survival. Biofilm 2020; 2:100017. [PMID: 33447803 PMCID: PMC7798440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that biofilms are viscoelastic materials, however the importance of this attribute to the survival and persistence of these microbial communities is yet to be fully realized. Here we review work, which focuses on understanding biofilm mechanics and put this knowledge in the context of biofilm survival, particularly for biofilm-associated infections. We note that biofilm viscoelasticity may be an evolved property of these communities, and that the production of multiple extracellular polymeric slime components may be a way to ensure the development of biofilms with complex viscoelastic properties. We discuss viscoelasticity facilitating biofilm survival in the context of promoting the formation of larger and stronger biofilms when exposed to shear forces, promoting fluid-like behavior of the biofilm and subsequent biofilm expansion by viscous flow, and enabling resistance to both mechanical and chemical methods of clearance. We conclude that biofilm viscoelasticity contributes to the virulence of chronic biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S. Gloag
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC) and National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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19
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Ishikawa T, Omori T, Kikuchi K. Bacterial biomechanics-From individual behaviors to biofilm and the gut flora. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041504. [PMID: 33163845 PMCID: PMC7595747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inhabit a variety of locations and play important roles in the environment and health. Our understanding of bacterial biomechanics has improved markedly in the last decade and has revealed that biomechanics play a significant role in microbial biology. The obtained knowledge has enabled investigation of complex phenomena, such as biofilm formation and the dynamics of the gut flora. A bottom-up strategy, i.e., from the cellular to the macroscale, facilitates understanding of macroscopic bacterial phenomena. In this Review, we first cover the biomechanics of individual bacteria in the bulk liquid and on surfaces as the base of complex phenomena. The collective behaviors of bacteria in simple environments are next introduced. We then introduce recent advances in biofilm biomechanics, in which adhesion force and the flow environment play crucial roles. We also review transport phenomena in the intestine and the dynamics of the gut flora, focusing on that in zebrafish. Finally, we provide an overview of the future prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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20
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Harper CE, Hernandez CJ. Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:021501. [PMID: 32266323 PMCID: PMC7113033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. This review is an introduction to bacterial mechanics intended for persons familiar with cells and biomechanics in mammalian cells. Bacteria play a major role in human health, either as pathogens or as beneficial commensal organisms within the microbiome. Although bacteria have long been known to be sensitive to their mechanical environment, understanding the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology has been limited by their small size (∼1 μm). However, advancements in micro- and nano-scale technologies over the past few years have increasingly made it possible to rigorously examine the mechanical stress and strain within individual bacteria. Here, we review the methods currently used to examine bacteria from a mechanical perspective, including the subcellular structures in bacteria and how they differ from those in mammalian cells, as well as micro- and nanomechanical approaches to studying bacteria, and studies showing the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology. Recent findings indicate a large range in mechanical properties of bacteria and show that physical forces can have a profound effect on bacterial survival, growth, biofilm formation, and resistance to toxins and antibiotics. Advances in the field of bacterial biomechanics have the potential to lead to novel antibacterial strategies, biotechnology approaches, and applications in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Harper
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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21
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Mechanomicrobiology: how bacteria sense and respond to forces. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:227-240. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Kempf F, Mueller R, Frey E, Yeomans JM, Doostmohammadi A. Active matter invasion. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7538-7546. [PMID: 31451816 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active materials such as bacterial biofilms and eukaryotic cells thrive in confined micro-spaces. Here, we show through numerical simulations that confinement can serve as a mechanical guidance to achieve distinct modes of collective invasion when combined with growth dynamics and the intrinsic activity of biological materials. We assess the dynamics of the growing interface and classify these collective modes of invasion based on the activity of the constituent particles of the growing matter. While at small and moderate activities the active material grows as a coherent unit, we find that blobs of active material collectively detach from the cohort above a well-defined activity threshold. We further characterise the mechanical mechanisms underlying the crossovers between different modes of invasion and quantify their impact on the overall invasion speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kempf
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Theresienstr. 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Romain Mueller
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics - Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Theresienstr. 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics - Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics - Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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23
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Arenas-Vivo A, Amariei G, Aguado S, Rosal R, Horcajada P. An Ag-loaded photoactive nano-metal organic framework as a promising biofilm treatment. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:490-500. [PMID: 31398473 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Surface biofilm inhibition is still currently a considerable challenge. Among other organisms, Staphylococcus aureus is notable for its ability to form a strong biofilm with proved resistance to chemotherapy. Contamination of high-touch surfaces with S. aureus biofilm not only promotes disease spread but also generates tremendous health-associated costs. Therefore, development of new bactericidal and antiadhesive surface coatings is a priority. Considering that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as promising antibacterial agents, we originally report here the synthesis of a multi-active silver-containing nanoscaled MOF composite as a potential surface coating against S. aureus biofilm owing to a triple effect: intrinsic bactericide activity of the MOF, biocidal character of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and photoactivity after UVA irradiation. AgNPs were successfully entrapped within the benchmarked nanoscaled porous photoactive titanium(IV) aminoterephthalate MIL-125(Ti)NH2 using a simple and efficient impregnation-reduction method. After complete characterization of the composite thin film, its antibacterial and anti-adherent properties were fully evaluated. After UVA irradiation, the composite coating exhibited relevant bacterial inhibition and detachment, improved ligand-to-cluster charge transfer, and steady controlled delivery of Ag+. These promising results establish the potential of this composite as an active coating for biofilm treatment on high-touch surfaces (e.g., surgical devices, door knobs, and rail bars). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface contamination due to bacterial biofilm formation is still a demanding issue, as it causes severe disease spread. One possible solution is the development of antifouling and antibacterial surface coatings. In this work, we originally propose the use of photoactive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for biofilm treatment. The novelty of this work relies on the following: i) the treatment of strongly contaminated surfaces, as previous studies with MOFs have exclusively addressed biofilm prevention; ii) this pioneering work reports both antiadherent effect, which removes the biofilm, and bacterial inhibition; iii) our original successful strategy has never been proposed thus far, involving the multi-active combination of 1) intrinsic antibacterial effect of a photoactive titanium-based nanoMOF, 2) immobilization of biocide silver nanoparticles, and 3) improved anti-bioadherent effect upon irradiation of the composite coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arenas-Vivo
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit (APMU), IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, E-28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Inorganic Chemistry I, Chemical Sciences Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgiana Amariei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Aguado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Horcajada
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit (APMU), IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, E-28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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WANG XIAOLING, WANG ZHAOCAN, SHEN XING, KONG YUHAO, ZHAO HUI, YAN XIAOQIANG. STUDYING THE INTERNAL STRESS HETEROGENEITY OF THE GROWING BIOFILM BY THE MICROPILLAR DEFORMATION OF THE GROWING SUBSTRATE. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm is a microbial community in which bacteria are embedded in the extracellular matrix and can also be used as a solid composite. It was found that internal stresses are generated during pellicle growth, which exists between the air and the liquid. But we do not know if there is the internal stress in the biofilm, which exists between the air and the solid, and how does the internal stress evolve and distribute in the growing biofilm. So, in this paper, we make the growing substrate into the micropillar array to grow biofilms, each micropillar has the deformation due to the growing heterogeneity of the biofilm around the micropillar, and we can get the internal stress by measuring each micropillar’s deformation. First, we find that the direction of the internal stress is approximately along the biofilm expansion at the early time, colonies are formed in the biofilm at the later time, which cause the internal stress locally along the expansion of the colony. Second, the internal stress is proportional to the biofilm thickness. Finally, we find that the matrix producing cells contribute more the internal stress, and the internal stress evolving is closely related to the secretion of the extracellular matrix. Form our work, we obtain the distribution of the internal stress direction, we also can use the biofilm thickness, which is easy to measure, express the internal stress approximately, by doing so, we can further study other phenomena of biofilms, such as self-healing and mechanical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- XIAOLING WANG
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 02138 Cambridge MA, USA
| | - ZHAOCAN WANG
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - XING SHEN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - YUHAO KONG
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - HUI ZHAO
- State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - XIAOQIANG YAN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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25
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Winklbauer R. Dynamic cell–cell adhesion mediated by pericellular matrix interaction – a hypothesis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/16/jcs231597. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cell–cell adhesion strength, measured as tissue surface tension, spans an enormous 1000-fold range when different cell types are compared. However, the examination of basic mechanical principles of cell adhesion indicates that cadherin-based and related mechanisms are not able to promote the high-strength adhesion experimentally observed in many late embryonic or malignant tissues. Therefore, the hypothesis is explored that the interaction of the pericellular matrices of cells generates strong adhesion by a mechanism akin to the self-adhesion/self-healing of dynamically cross-linked hydrogels. Quantitative data from biofilm matrices support this model. The mechanism links tissue surface tension to pericellular matrix stiffness. Moreover, it explains the wide, matrix-filled spaces around cells in liquid-like, yet highly cohesive, tissues, and it rehabilitates aspects of the original interpretation of classical cell sorting experiments, as expressed in Steinberg's differential adhesion hypothesis: that quantitative differences in adhesion energies between cells are sufficient to drive sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada
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26
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Yan J, Moreau A, Khodaparast S, Perazzo A, Feng J, Fei C, Mao S, Mukherjee S, Košmrlj A, Wingreen NS, Bassler BL, Stone HA. Bacterial Biofilm Material Properties Enable Removal and Transfer by Capillary Peeling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1804153. [PMID: 30368924 PMCID: PMC8865467 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms, surface-attached communities of bacterial cells, are a concern in health and in industrial operations because of persistent infections, clogging of flows, and surface fouling. Extracellular matrices provide mechanical protection to biofilm-dwelling cells as well as protection from chemical insults, including antibiotics. Understanding how biofilm material properties arise from constituent matrix components and how these properties change in different environments is crucial for designing biofilm removal strategies. Here, using rheological characterization and surface analyses of Vibrio cholerae biofilms, it is discovered how extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and cells function together to define biofilm mechanical and interfacial properties. Using insight gained from our measurements, a facile capillary peeling technology is developed to remove biofilms from surfaces or to transfer intact biofilms from one surface to another. It is shown that the findings are applicable to other biofilm-forming bacterial species and to multiple surfaces. Thus, the technology and the understanding that have been developed could potentially be employed to characterize and/or treat biofilm-related infections and industrial biofouling problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Alexis Moreau
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sepideh Khodaparast
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Antonio Perazzo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Chenyi Fei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 329 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sampriti Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 329 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ned S Wingreen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 329 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Bonnie L Bassler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 329 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, D328 E-Quad, Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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27
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Towards standardized mechanical characterization of microbial biofilms: analysis and critical review. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:17. [PMID: 30131867 PMCID: PMC6102240 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing reliable anti-biofilm strategies or efficient biofilm-based bioprocesses strongly depends on having a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying biofilm development, and knowledge of the relevant mechanical parameters describing microbial biofilm behavior. Many varied mechanical testing methods are available to assess these parameters. The mechanical properties thus identified can then be used to compare protocols such as antibiotic screening. However, the lack of standardization in both mechanical testing and the associated identification methods for a given microbiological goal remains a blind spot in the biofilm community. The pursuit of standardization is problematic, as biofilms are living structures, i.e., both complex and dynamic. Here, we review the main available methods for characterizing the mechanical properties of biofilms through the lens of the relationship linking experimental testing to the identification of mechanical parameters. We propose guidelines for characterizing biofilms according to microbiological objectives that will help the reader choose an appropriate test and a relevant identification method for measuring any given mechanical parameter. The use of a common methodology for the mechanical characterization of biofilms will enable reliable analysis and comparison of microbiological protocols needed for improvement of engineering process and screening.
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28
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Rivera-Yoshida N, Arias Del Angel JA, Benítez M. Microbial multicellular development: mechanical forces in action. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 51:37-45. [PMID: 29885639 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular development occurs in diverse microbial lineages and involves the complex interaction among biochemical, physical and ecological factors. We focus on the mechanical forces that appear to be relevant for the scale and material qualities of individual cells and small cellular conglomerates. We review the effects of such forces on the development of some paradigmatic microorganisms, as well as their overall consequences in multicellular structures. Microbes exhibiting multicellular development have been considered models for the evolutionary transition to multicellularity. Therefore, we discuss how comparative, integrative and dynamic approaches to the mechanical effects involved in microbial development can provide valuable insights into some of the principles behind the evolutionary transition to multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Rivera-Yoshida
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Arias Del Angel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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29
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FtsEX-CwlO regulates biofilm formation by a plant-beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:166-176. [PMID: 29427638 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis strain SQR9 is a well-investigated rhizobacterium with an outstanding ability to colonize roots, enhance plant growth and suppress soil-borne diseases. The recognition that biofilm formation by plant-beneficial bacteria is crucial for their root colonization and function has resulted in increased interest in understanding molecular mechanisms related to biofilm formation. Here, we report that the gene ftsE, encoding the ATP-binding protein of an FtsEX ABC transporter, is required for efficient SQR9 biofilm formation. FtsEX has been reported to regulate the atolysin CwlO. We provided evidence that FtsEX-CwlO was involved in the regulation of SQR9 biofilm formation; however, this effect has little to do with CwlO autolysin activity. We propose that regulation of biofilm formation by CwlO was exerted through the spo0A pathway, since transcription of spo0A cascade genes was altered and their downstream extracellular matrix genes were downregulated in SQR9 ftsE/cwlO deletion mutants. CwlO was also shown to interact physically with KinB/KinD. CwlO may therefore interact with KinB/KinD to interfere with the spo0A pathway. This study revealed that FtsEX-CwlO plays a previously undiscovered regulatory role in biofilm formation by SQR9 that may enhance root colonization and plant-beneficial functions of SQR9 and other beneficial rhizobacteria as well.
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