1
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Gordon H, Rodger B, Lindsay JO, Stagg AJ. Recruitment and Residence of Intestinal T Cells - Lessons for Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1326-1341. [PMID: 36806613 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeting leukocyte trafficking in the management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been a significant therapeutic advance over the past 15 years. However, as with other advanced therapies, phase III clinical trials report response to trafficking inhibitors in only a proportion of patients, with fewer achieving clinical remission or mucosal healing. Additionally, there have been significant side effects, most notably progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in association with the α4 inhibitor natalizumab. This article reviews the mechanisms underpinning T cell recruitment and residence, to provide a background from which the strength and limitations of agents that disrupt leukocyte trafficking can be further explored. The therapeutic impact of trafficking inhibitors is underpinned by the complexity and plasticity of the intestinal immune response. Pathways essential for gut homing in health may be bypassed in the inflamed gut, thus providing alternative routes of entry when conventional homing molecules are targeted. Furthermore, there is conservation of trafficking architecture between proinflammatory and regulatory T cells. The persistence of resident memory cells within the gut gives rise to local established pro-inflammatory populations, uninfluenced by inhibition of trafficking. Finally, trafficking inhibitors may give rise to effects beyond the intended response, such as the impact of vedolizumab on innate immunity, as well as on target side effects. With significant research efforts into predictive biomarkers already underway, it is ultimately hoped that a better understanding of trafficking and residence will help us predict which patients are most likely to respond to inhibition of leukocyte trafficking, and how best to combine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gordon
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Beverley Rodger
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Stagg
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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2
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Zhang Q, Zhang S, Chen J, Xie Z. The Interplay between Integrins and Immune Cells as a Regulator in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6170. [PMID: 37047140 PMCID: PMC10093897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that mediate a variety of physiological activities of immune cells, including cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival, and immunotolerance. Multiple types of integrins act differently on the same immune cells, while the same integrin may exert various effects on different immune cells. In the development of cancer, integrins are involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis; conversely, integrins promote immune cell aggregation to mediate the elimination of tumors. The important roles of integrins in cancer progression have provided valuable clues for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many integrin inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials to explore effective regimens and reduce side effects. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of integrin-mediated cancer progression, challenges remain in the research and development of cancer immunotherapies (CITs). This review enumerates the effects of integrins on four types of immune cells and the potential mechanisms involved in the progression of cancer, which will provide ideas for more optimal CIT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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3
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Tyler CJ, Guzman M, Lundborg LR, Yeasmin S, Zgajnar N, Jedlicka P, Bamias G, Rivera-Nieves J. Antibody secreting cells are critically dependent on integrin α4β7/MAdCAM-1 for intestinal recruitment and control of the microbiota during chronic colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:109-119. [PMID: 34433904 PMCID: PMC8732264 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T and B cells employ integrin α4β7 to migrate to intestine under homeostatic conditions. Whether those cells differentially rely on α4β7 for homing during inflammatory conditions has not been fully examined. This may have implications for our understanding of the mode of action of anti-integrin therapies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we examined the role of α4β7 integrin during chronic colitis using IL-10-/- mice, β7-deficient IL-10-/-, IgA-deficient IL-10-/- mice, and antibody blockade of MAdCAM-1. We found that α4β7 was predominantly expressed by B cells. β7 deficiency and MAdCAM-1 blockade specifically depleted antibody secreting cells (ASC) (not T cells) from the colonic LP, leading to a fecal pan-immunoglobulin deficit, severe colitis, and alterations of microbiota composition. Colitis was not due to defective regulation, as dendritic cells (DC), regulatory T cells, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) expression, activity, and regulatory T/B-cell cytokines were all comparable between the strains/treatment. Finally, an IgA deficit closely recapitulated the clinical phenotype and altered microbiota composition of β7-deficient IL-10-/- mice. Thus, a luminal IgA deficit contributes to accelerated colitis in the β7-deficient state. Given the critical/nonredundant dependence of IgA ASC on α4β7:MAdCAM-1 for intestinal homing, B cells may represent unappreciated targets of anti-integrin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Tyler
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Mauricio Guzman
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Luke R. Lundborg
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Shaila Yeasmin
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nadia Zgajnar
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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4
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Ballet R, Brennan M, Brandl C, Feng N, Berri J, Cheng J, Ocón B, Alborzian Deh Sheikh A, Marki A, Bi Y, Abram CL, Lowell CA, Tsubata T, Greenberg HB, Macauley MS, Ley K, Nitschke L, Butcher EC. A CD22-Shp1 phosphatase axis controls integrin β 7 display and B cell function in mucosal immunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:381-390. [PMID: 33589816 PMCID: PMC7116842 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrin α4β7 selectively regulates lymphocyte trafficking and adhesion in the gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Here, we describe unexpected involvement of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp1 and the B cell lectin CD22 (Siglec-2) in the regulation of α4β7 surface expression and gut immunity. Shp1 selectively inhibited β7 endocytosis, enhancing surface α4β7 display and lymphocyte homing to GALT. In B cells, CD22 associated in a sialic acid-dependent manner with integrin β7 on the cell surface to target intracellular Shp1 to β7. Shp1 restrained plasma membrane β7 phosphorylation and inhibited β7 endocytosis without affecting β1 integrin. B cells with reduced Shp1 activity, lacking CD22 or expressing CD22 with mutated Shp1-binding or carbohydrate-binding domains displayed parallel reductions in surface α4β7 and in homing to GALT. Consistent with the specialized role of α4β7 in intestinal immunity, CD22 deficiency selectively inhibited intestinal antibody and pathogen responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Ballet
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Martin Brennan
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolin Brandl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Berri
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian Cheng
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Borja Ocón
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amin Alborzian Deh Sheikh
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuhan Bi
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harry B Greenberg
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Darkwah S, Park EJ, Myint PK, Ito A, Appiah MG, Obeng G, Kawamoto E, Shimaoka M. Potential Roles of Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Remodeling Cellular Microenvironment: Proposed Implications of the Exercise-Induced Myokine, Irisin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634853. [PMID: 33614663 PMCID: PMC7892973 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players of intercellular communication and mediate crosstalk between tissues. Metastatic tumors release tumorigenic EVs, capable of pre-conditioning distal sites for organotropic metastasis. Growing evidence identifies muscle cell-derived EVs and myokines as potent mediators of cellular differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism. Muscle-derived EVs cargo myokines and other biological modulators like microRNAs, cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins hence, are likely to modulate the remodeling of niches in vital sites, such as liver and adipose tissues. Despite the scarcity of evidence to support a direct relationship between muscle-EVs and cancer metastasis, their indirect attribution to the regulation of niche remodeling and the establishment of pre-metastatic homing niches can be put forward. This hypothesis is supported by the role of muscle-derived EVs in findings gathered from other pathologies like inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we present and discuss studies that evidently support the potential roles of muscle-derived EVs in the events of niche pre-conditioning and remodeling of metastatic tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential contributions of the integrin-mediated interactions with an emerging myokine, irisin, to the regulation of EV-driven microenvironment remodeling in tumor metastasis. Further research into muscle-derived EVs and myokines in cancer progression is imperative and may hold promising contributions to advance our knowledge in the pathophysiology, progression and therapeutic management of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Darkwah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Phyoe Kyawe Myint
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gideon Obeng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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6
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An integrin αEβ7-dependent mechanism of IgA transcytosis requires direct plasma cell contact with intestinal epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1347-1357. [PMID: 34417548 PMCID: PMC8528714 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient IgA transcytosis is critical for the maintenance of a homeostatic microbiota. In the canonical model, locally-secreted dimeric (d)IgA reaches the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on intestinal epithelium via simple diffusion. A role for integrin αE(CD103)β7 during transcytosis has not been described, nor its expression by intestinal B cell lineage cells. We found that αE-deficient (αE-/-) mice have a luminal IgA deficit, despite normal antibody-secreting cells (ASC) recruitment, local IgA production and increased pIgR expression. This deficit was not due to dendritic cell (DC)-derived retinoic acid (RA) nor class-switching defects, as stool from RAG-/- mice reconstituted with αE-/- B cells was also IgA deficient. Flow cytometric, ultrastructural and transcriptional profiling showed that αEβ7-expressing ASC represent an undescribed subset of terminally-differentiated intestinal plasma cells (PC) that establishes direct cell to cell contact with intestinal epithelium. We propose that IgA not only reaches pIgR through diffusion, but that αEβ7+ PC dock with E-cadherin-expressing intestinal epithelium to directly relay IgA for transcytosis into the intestinal lumen.
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7
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Controlling leukocyte trafficking in IBD. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105050. [PMID: 32598943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells, myeloid cells and lymphocytes in the inflamed intestine. The presence and persistence of these cells, together with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, perpetuate intestinal inflammation in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Thus, blockade of leukocyte migration to the intestine is a main strategy used to control the disease and alleviate symptoms. Vedolizumab is the only anti-integrin drug approved for the treatment of IBD but several other drugs also targeting integrins, chemokines or receptors involved in leukocyte intestinal trafficking are under development and investigated for their efficacy and safety in IBD. The challenge now is to better understand the specific mechanism of action underlying each drug and to identify biomarkers that would guide drug selection in the individual patient.
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Babbar A, Hitch TCA, Pabst O, Clavel T, Hübel J, Eswaran S, Wagner N, Schippers A. The Compromised Mucosal Immune System of β7 Integrin-Deficient Mice Has Only Minor Effects on the Fecal Microbiota in Homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2284. [PMID: 31636620 PMCID: PMC6787405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an ideal habitat for diverse bacterial species that reside in a homeostatic balance with local tissue and significantly contribute to host health. Negative shifts in gut microbiota profiles, also known as dysbiosis, may be implicated in the development of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adhesion molecule-dependent recruitment of immune cells to the gut is an important step in IBD pathogenesis. The adhesion molecule β7 integrin contributes to the development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), intestinal immune cell homing, and immune responses and is known to promote intestinal inflammation. Although many studies underlined the role of the gut microbiota in shaping the mucosal immune system, studies on the influence of the host immune system on the microbiota are rare, especially in homeostasis. We addressed this question via comparative 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of fecal microbial communities from wild-type and β7 integrin-deficient mice, the latter being characterized by a compromised GALT. Besides subtle changes in relative abundances of Muribaculaceae spp. and unknown members of the families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, there was altogether no major difference in microbiota profiles in β7 integrin-deficient mice vs. wild-type littermates. This indicates that, in conditions of homeostasis, there is only a minor influence of the host immune system on the fecal microbiota in our mouse model, stressing the potential importance of pathological factors for dysbiosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Babbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas C A Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hübel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sreepradha Eswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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9
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Zundler S, Becker E, Schulze LL, Neurath MF. Immune cell trafficking and retention in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances. Gut 2019; 68:1688-1700. [PMID: 31127023 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal immune cell trafficking has been identified as a central event in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Intensive research on different aspects of the immune mechanisms controlling and controlled by T cell trafficking and retention has led to the approval of the anti-α4β7 antibody vedolizumab, the ongoing development of a number of further anti-trafficking agents (ATAs) such as the anti-β7 antibody etrolizumab or the anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody ontamalimab and the identification of potential future targets like G-protein coupled receptor 15. However, several aspects of the biology of immune cell trafficking and regarding the mechanism of action of ATAs are still unclear, for example, which impact these compounds have on the trafficking of non-lymphocyte populations like monocytes and how precisely these therapies differ with regard to their effect on immune cell subpopulations. This review will summarise recent advances of basic science in the field of intestinal immune cell trafficking and discuss these findings with regard to different pharmacological approaches from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Research advances on structure and biological functions of integrins. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1094. [PMID: 27468395 PMCID: PMC4947080 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are an important family of adhesion molecules that were first discovered two decades ago. Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric glycoprotein receptors consisting of α and β subunits, and are comprised of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Therein, integrin cytoplasmic domains may associate directly with numerous cytoskeletal proteins and intracellular signaling molecules, which are crucial for modulating fundamental cell processes and functions including cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and survival. The purpose of this review is to describe the unique structure of each integrin subunit, primary cytoplasmic association proteins, and transduction signaling pathway of integrins, with an emphasis on their biological functions.
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β7-Integrin exacerbates experimental DSS-induced colitis in mice by directing inflammatory monocytes into the colon. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:527-38. [PMID: 26349655 PMCID: PMC4801899 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is pivotal for the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controlled by the specificity and interactions of chemokines and adhesion molecules. Interactions of the adhesion molecules α4β7-integrin and mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) promote the accumulation of pathogenic T-cell populations in the inflamed intestine. We aimed to elucidate the significance of β7-integrin expression on innate immune cells for the pathogenesis of IBD. We demonstrate that β7-integrin deficiency protects recombination-activating gene-2 (RAG-2)-deficient mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and coincides with decreased numbers of colonic effector monocytes. We also show that β7-integrin is expressed on most CD11b(+)CD64(low)Ly6C(+) bone marrow progenitors and contributes to colonic recruitment of these proinflammatory monocytes. Importantly, adoptive transfer of CD115(+) wild-type (WT) monocytes partially restored the susceptibility of RAG-2/β7-integrin double-deficient mice to DSS-induced colitis, thereby demonstrating the functional importance of β7-integrin-expressing monocytes for the development of DSS colitis. We also reveal that genetic ablation of MAdCAM-1 ameliorates experimental colitis in RAG-2-deficient mice as well. In summary, we demonstrate a previously unknown role of α4β7-integrin-MAdCAM-1 interactions as drivers of colitis by directing inflammatory monocytes into the colon.
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12
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Habtezion A, Nguyen LP, Hadeiba H, Butcher EC. Leukocyte Trafficking to the Small Intestine and Colon. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:340-54. [PMID: 26551552 PMCID: PMC4758453 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking to the small and large intestines is tightly controlled to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, mediate immune responses, and regulate inflammation. A wide array of chemoattractants, chemoattractant receptors, and adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes, mucosal endothelium, epithelium, and stromal cells controls leukocyte recruitment and microenvironmental localization in intestine and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Naive lymphocytes traffic to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes where they undergo antigen-induced activation and priming; these processes determine their memory/effector phenotypes and imprint them with the capacity to migrate via the lymph and blood to the intestines. Mechanisms of T-cell recruitment to GALT and of T cells and plasmablasts to the small intestine are well described. Recent advances include the discovery of an unexpected role for lectin CD22 as a B-cell homing receptor GALT, and identification of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) as a T-cell chemoattractant/trafficking receptor for the colon. GPR15 decorates distinct subsets of T cells in mice and humans, a difference in species that could affect translation of the results of mouse colitis models to humans. Clinical studies with antibodies to integrin α4β7 and its vascular ligand mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 are proving the value of lymphocyte trafficking mechanisms as therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel diseases. In contrast to lymphocytes, cells of the innate immune system express adhesion and chemoattractant receptors that allow them to migrate directly to effector tissue sites during inflammation. We review the mechanisms for innate and adaptive leukocyte localization to the intestinal tract and GALT, and discuss their relevance to human intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Linh P Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Husein Hadeiba
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California; Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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13
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Wyant T, Leach T, Sankoh S, Wang Y, Paolino J, Pasetti MF, Feagan BG, Parikh A. Vedolizumab affects antibody responses to immunisation selectively in the gastrointestinal tract: randomised controlled trial results. Gut 2015; 64:77-83. [PMID: 24763133 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The α4β7 integrin monoclonal antibody vedolizumab is hypothesised to be gut selective. Effects of vedolizumab on immune responses to parenterally or enterally administered antigens were investigated. DESIGN In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial, healthy participants received a single intravenous dose of vedolizumab 750 mg (n=64) or placebo (n=63). After 4 days, participants began intramuscular hepatitis B vaccine (HBV; days 4, 32, 60) and oral cholera vaccine (OCV; days 4, 18) regimens. The study was designed to demonstrate a 15% non-inferiority margin for the between-group difference in the primary end point: percentage of participants with HBV seroconversion at day 74 (serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) antibody titre ≥10 IU/L). OCV seroconversion at day 74 (>4-fold increase in serum cholera toxin (CT) antibodies) was a secondary end point. RESULTS A total of 56 (90.3%) placebo-treated and 54 (88.5%) vedolizumab-treated participants responded to HBV. Geometric mean anti-HBs titres were similar for placebo (114.4 IU/L) and vedolizumab (129.6 IU/L) at day 74. A total of 60 (96.8%) placebo-treated and 52 (82.5%) vedolizumab-treated participants responded to OCV at day 74. Geometric mean anti-CT IgG levels were higher for placebo than for vedolizumab at day 74 (9210.08 vs. 3007.8 ELISA Units (EU)/mL) and day 32 (11629.3 vs. 1575.4 EU/mL). Anti-CT IgA results were similar. Adverse events were consistent with previous experience. One serious adverse event (spontaneous abortion) was reported for placebo. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab did not alter the response to parenterally administered antigens but reduced the response to oral antigens, demonstrating its gut-selective mechanism of action. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT Number: 01981616; EudraCT Number: 2011-001874-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wyant
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tim Leach
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Serap Sankoh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuemei Wang
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Paolino
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asit Parikh
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc, Deerfield, Illinois, USA
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14
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Clahsen T, Pabst O, Tenbrock K, Schippers A, Wagner N. Localization of dendritic cells in the gut epithelium requires MAdCAM-1. Clin Immunol 2015; 156:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Shimosato T, Kanoh J, Otani H. Oral administration of a fruiting body extract ofBoletopsis leucomelasenhances intestinal IgA production in LPS-challenged mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.847064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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16
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Liu ZQ, Wu Y, Song JP, Liu X, Liu Z, Zheng PY, Yang PC. Tolerogenic CX3CR1+ B cells suppress food allergy-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Allergy 2013; 68:1241-8. [PMID: 24033604 DOI: 10.1111/all.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B lymphocytes are an important cell population of the immune regulation; their role in the regulation of food allergy has not been fully understood yet. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the role of a subpopulation of tolerogenic B cells (TolBC) in the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and in the suppression of food allergy-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. METHODS The intestinal mucosa-derived CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ TolBCs were characterized by flow cytometry; a mouse model of intestinal T helper (Th)2 inflammation was established to assess the immune regulatory role of this subpopulation of TolBCs. RESULTS A subpopulation of CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ B cells was detected in the mouse intestinal mucosa. The cells also expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and carried integrin alpha v beta 6 (αvβ6). Exposure to recombinant αvβ6 and anti-IgM antibody induced naive B cells to differentiate into the TGF-β-producing TolBCs. Coculturing this subpopulation of TolBCs with Th0 cells generated CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs. Adoptive transfer with the TolBCs markedly suppressed the food allergy-induced intestinal Th2 pattern inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ TolBCs are capable of inducing Tregs in the intestine and suppress food allergy-related Th2 pattern inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.-Q. Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Hospital; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou; China
| | - Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
| | - J.-P. Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - X. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
| | - Z. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
| | - P.-Y. Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Hospital; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou; China
| | - P.-C. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
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