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Levy O, Arealis G, Tsvieli O, Consigliere P, Lubovsky O. Reverse total shoulder replacement for patients with "weight-bearing" shoulders. Clin Shoulder Elb 2024; 27:183-195. [PMID: 38556915 PMCID: PMC11181069 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2023.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has gained popularity in recent years and is indicated for a wide variety of shoulder pathologies. However, use of rTSA in patients with "weight-bearing" shoulders that support wheelchair use or crutches has higher risk. The aim of this study was to assess the results of rTSA in such patients. METHODS Between 2005 and 2014, 24 patients (30 shoulders) with weight-bearing shoulders were treated with rTSA at our unit. Patients had cuff arthropathy (n=21), rheumatoid arthritis (n=3), osteoarthritis (n=1), acute fracture (n=3), or fracture sequela (n=2). Postoperatively, patients were advised not to push themselves up and out of their wheelchair for 6 weeks. This study was performed in 2016, and 21 patients (27 shoulders) were available for a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (range, 2-10 years). The mean age at surgery was 78 years (range, 54-90 years). RESULTS Constant-Murley score improved from 9.4 preoperatively to 59.8 at the final follow-up (P=0.001). Pain score improved from 2/15 to 13.8/15 (P=0.001). Patient satisfaction (Subjective Shoulder Value) improved from 0.6/10 to 8.7/10 (P=0.001). Significant improvement in mean range of motion from 46° to 130° of elevation, 14° to 35° of external rotation, and 29° to 78° internal rotation was recorded (P=0.001). Final mean Activities of Daily Living External and Internal Rotation was 32.4/36. Only three patients showed Sirveaux-Nerot grade-1 (10%) glenoid notching and three grade 2 (10%). CONCLUSIONS rTSA can be used for treatment of patients with weight-bearing shoulders. Such patients reported pain free movement, resumed daily activities, and high satisfaction rates. Level of evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Levy
- The Reading Shoulder Unit, Berkshire Independent Hospital, Reading, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Orthopedics, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Georgios Arealis
- The Reading Shoulder Unit, Berkshire Independent Hospital, Reading, UK
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Oren Tsvieli
- The Reading Shoulder Unit, Berkshire Independent Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Paolo Consigliere
- The Reading Shoulder Unit, Berkshire Independent Hospital, Reading, UK
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Omri Lubovsky
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Orthopedics, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
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Ghidelli M, Nuzzi C, Crenna F, Lancini M. Validation of Estimators for Weight-Bearing and Shoulder Joint Loads Using Instrumented Crutches. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6213. [PMID: 37448059 DOI: 10.3390/s23136213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This research paper aimed to validate two methods for measuring loads during walking with instrumented crutches: one method to estimate partial weight-bearing on the lower limbs and another to estimate shoulder joint reactions. Currently, gait laboratories, instrumented with high-end measurement systems, are used to extract kinematic and kinetic data, but such facilities are expensive and not accessible to all patients. The proposed method uses instrumented crutches to measure ground reaction forces and does not require any motion capture devices or force platforms. The load on the lower limbs is estimated by subtracting the forces measured by the crutches from the subject's total weight. Since the model does not consider inertia contribution in dynamic conditions, the estimation improves with low walking cadence when walking with the two-point contralateral and the three-point partial weight-bearing patterns considered for the validation tests. The shoulder joint reactions are estimated using linear regression, providing accurate values for the forces but less accurate torque estimates. The crutches data are acquired and processed in real-time, allowing for immediate feedback, and the system can be used outdoors in real-world walking conditions. The validation of this method could lead to better monitoring of partial weight-bearing and shoulder joint reactions, which could improve patient outcomes and reduce complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ghidelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Nuzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Crenna
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Lancini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
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Andryk LM, Knight BT, Graf AR, Middleton AH, Grindel SI. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in upper extremity ambulators: a matched-cohort analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023:S1058-2746(23)00290-2. [PMID: 37001794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper extremity ambulators (UEAs) who require prolonged use of assistive devices for mobility have a high incidence of shoulder pathology secondary to increased stress across the shoulder joint with upper extremity weight-bearing. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for rotator cuff arthropathy has historically been associated with increased complications in UEA, but more recent studies have shown more promising outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes and complication rates between these 2 groups to define the relative risk of RSA in the UEA population and identify opportunities to improve treatment outcomes. METHODS An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review was performed in patients who underwent RSA at our institution by the senior author from 2004 to 2019. UEAs were defined as patients who used regular upper extremity assistive devices for community ambulation before initial consultation for the surgical extremity. Pre- and postoperative range of motion, visual analog scale scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, Constant-Murley scores, and Simple Shoulder Test scores were measured at defined intervals. Complications including infection, instability, and need for revision surgery were also compared. All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 159 RSA procedures (70 UEAs, 89 controls) were performed during the study period. On average, UEA patients had more preoperative pain and less shoulder function than controls, with statistically significant differences in visual analog scores (6.897 vs. 5.532, P = .0010) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (33.50 vs. 40.20, P = .0290), respectively. Despite the lower baseline values, UEA patients experienced excellent postoperative improvement, leading to similar postoperative pain and shoulder function except for a lower average forward flexion in the UEA group (127° vs. 135°, P = .0354). Notching and complication rates were also similar between the 2 groups, with notching rates of 59% and 50% and complication rates of 14.3% and 13.5% in the UEA and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS RSA in the UEA population can achieve similar pain and functional outcomes as compared with age-matched controls without a significant increase in complication rates; however, further studies are required to assess long-term comparative outcomes in this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Andryk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Knight
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexander R Graf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Austin H Middleton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Steven I Grindel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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4
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A Validated Open-Source Shoulder Finite Element Model and Investigation of the Effect of Analysis Precision. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:24-33. [PMID: 35882682 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the loads and stresses on different tissues within the shoulder complex is crucial for preventing joint injury and developing shoulder implants. Finite element (FE) models of the shoulder joint can be helpful in describing these forces and the biomechanics of the joint. Currently, there are no validated FE models of the intact shoulder available in the public domain. This study aimed to develop and validate a shoulder FE model, then make the model available to the orthopaedic research community. Publicly available medical images of the Visible Human Project male subject's right shoulder were used to generate the model geometry. Material properties from the literature were applied to the different tissues. The model simulated abduction in the scapular plane. Simulated glenohumeral (GH) contact force was compared to in vivo data from the literature, then further compared to other in vitro experimental studies. Output variable results were within one standard deviation of the mean in vivo experimental values of the GH contact force in 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 45° of abduction. Furthermore, a comparison among different analysis precision in the Abaqus/Explicit platform was made. The complete shoulder model is available for download at github.com/OSEL-DAM/ShoulderFiniteElementModel.
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5
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Ledet EH, Caparaso SM, Stout M, Cole KP, Liddle B, Cady NC, Archdeacon MT. Smart fracture plate for quantifying fracture healing: Preliminary efficacy in a biomechanical model. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2414-2420. [PMID: 34989023 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of fracture nonunion following plate osteosynthesis is subjective and frequently ambiguous. Initially following osteosynthesis, loads applied to the bone are primarily transmitted through the plate. However, as callus stiffness increases, the callus is able to bear load proportional to its stiffness while forces through the plate decrease. The purpose of this study was to use a "smart" fracture plate to distinguish between phases of fracture healing by measuring forces transmitted through the plate. A wireless force sensor and small adapter were placed on the outside of a distal femoral locking plate. The adapter converts the slight bending of the plate under axial load into a transverse force which is measurable by the sensor. An osteotomy was created and then plated in the distal femur of biomechanical Sawbones. Specimens were loaded to simulate single-leg stance first with the osteotomy defect empty (acute healing), then sequentially filled with silicone (early callus) and then polymethyl methacrylate (hard callus). There was a strong correlation between applied axial load and force measured by the "smart" plate. Data demonstrate statistically significant differences between each phase of healing with as little as 150 N of axial load applied to the femur. Forces measured in the plate were significantly different between acute (100%), early callus (66.4%), and hard callus (29.5%). This study demonstrates the potential of a "smart" fracture plate to distinguish between phases of healing. These objective data may enable early diagnosis of nonunion and enhance outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Ledet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & Research and Development Service, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sydney M Caparaso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Madelyn Stout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Keegan P Cole
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Liddle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Cady
- Department of Nanobio Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Michael T Archdeacon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Cushner FD, Schiller PJ, Mueller JKP, Gross JM, Hunter WL. A Cadaveric Study Addressing the Feasibility of Remote Patient Monitoring Prosthesis for Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:S350-S354. [PMID: 35314093 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, there has been a marked rise in the use of telemedicine to evaluate patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of our study was to assess a novel stem with an embedded sensor that can remotely and objectively monitor a patient's mobility after TKA. METHODS A single anatomically designed knee system was implanted in concert with an interconnected tibial stem extension containing 3D accelerometers, 3D gyroscopes, a power source, and a telemetry transmission capability in 3 cadaveric pelvis to toe specimens. The legs were moved by hand to preset tibial positions at full knee extension, midflexion, flexion, and back to midflexion and extension for a total of 16 trials across 6 knees. RESULTS Sensor data were successfully transmitted with good quality of signal to an external base station. Good correlation to the range of motion of the tibia was found (mean error 0.1 degrees; root mean square error 3.8 degrees). The signal from the heel drop tests suggests the sensor could detect heel strike during activities of daily living in vivo and the potential for additional signal processing to analyze vibratory and motion patterns detected by the sensors. A frequency domain analysis of a properly cemented and poorly cemented implant during the heel drop test suggests a difference in accelerometer signal in these implant states. CONCLUSION The results confirm signals generated from an embedded TKA sensor can transmit through bone and cement, providing accurate range of motion data and may be capable of detecting changes in prosthesis fixation remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Cushner
- Hospital For Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Department, New York, NY; Canary Medical, Carlsbad, CA
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Yap W, Hairodin Z, Kwek E. Axillary versus Forearm Crutches: A Prospective Cohort Comparing which is Superior for 3-Point Crutch Gait. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:36-42. [PMID: 34429820 PMCID: PMC8381660 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2107.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Two common crutches utilised for orthopaedic rehabilitation include the axillary crutch and forearm crutch, with either crutch providing weight transfer through different mechanisms. This study aims to determine which crutch is best for patients, with specific reference to crutch gait and stability. Material and Methods: This is a level 2 prospective cohort study, recruiting 20 volunteers between 40 to 80 years old. Participants underwent 3 stations in 3 point crutch gait: straight line ambulation of 20m, timed-up-and-go-test, and computerised dynamic posturography. Participants also answered a subjective questionnaire on their crutch preferences. Results: Axillary crutches demonstrated a faster speed of ambulation compared to forearm crutches (Axillary crutch v=0.5m/s, Forearm crutch v=0.44m/s, p=0.002). There was a lower increase in heart rate post activity for axillary crutches. For the timed-up-and-go test, completing the circuit with Axillary crutches was faster (t=63.06, p<0.001) versus the forearm crutch (t=75.36, p<0.001). For computerised dynamic posturography, participants recorded lower effort scores for backward tilts when using axillary crutches (39.13, p=0.0497) versus forearm crutches (42.03, p=0.0497). Subjectively, majority of participants felt that axillary crutches had an easier learning curve and were superior in the areas of ambulation, balance and stability. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that axillary crutches were superior to forearm crutches for 3-point crutch gait; axillary crutches had a faster ambulation speed, required less effort during use, provided superior stability and were the preferred choice subjectively. This study would be helpful for clinicians and therapists when prescribing mobility aids to individuals with impaired gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wmq Yap
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Z Hairodin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ebk Kwek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Woodlands Health Campus, Singapore
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Everhart J, Somers M, Hibbs R, Worobey LA. Clinical utility during inpatient rehabilitation of a clinical prediction rule for ambulation prognosis following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 46:485-493. [PMID: 33705271 PMCID: PMC10115000 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1888024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mobility prognosis is a key focus during rehabilitation following spinal cord injury (SCI). The goal of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical utility of the van Middendorp clinical prediction rule (CPR). DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Inpatient rehabilitation unit. PARTICIPANTS Physical therapists and their patients with acute SCI and SCI disorders (SCI/D) for whom long-term ambulation prognosis was judged difficult to determine. INTERVENTIONS N/A. OUTCOME MEASURES CPR-determined probability of ambulation, therapist reported clinical utility (yes/no), shared with the patient (yes/no), useful for motivation/setting realistic expectations, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Locomotion walk score. RESULTS Five therapists and 52 patients (8 non-traumatic SCI/D) participated. 91% had lesions classified as AIS C or D. The median [IQR] for CPR probability of ambulation was 96.0 [86.5,99.0] for traumatic SCI and 80.0 [64.5, 94.5] for non-traumatic SCI/D. Clinical utility was reported for 45% of those with SCI and 88% with non-traumatic SCI/D. Therapists with less experience were more likely to report clinical utility and share with their patients. Ambulation probability was higher for patients who did not meet their FIM goal. CPR probability was correlated with discharge FIM only for non-traumatic SCI/D. CONCLUSION The CPR was not predictive of inpatient rehabilitation outcomes, in fact outcomes varied widely for individuals with similar probabilities emphasizing the importance of clinical judgement and continued need to identify individual factors that affect ambulation. However, greater utility in establishing prognosis and goal setting was noted for clinicians with less experience and for individuals with non-traumatic SCI/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Everhart
- UPMC Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha Somers
- UPMC Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Hibbs
- UPMC Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn A Worobey
- UPMC Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, 6425 Penn Ave, Suite 400, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15206, USA.,Bioengineering, and Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Michaud F, Lugris U, Cuadrado J, Kecskemethy A, Ou Y. A Procedure to Define Customized Musculoskeletal Models for the Analysis of the Crutch-Orthosis-Assisted Gait of Spinal Cord Injured Subjects. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1086381. [PMID: 32840292 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Subjects suffering from spinal cord injury with lower extremity impairment generally use a wheelchair to move. However, some of them are capable of walking with the help of orthoses and crutches. Standing up and walking regularly have huge benefits for the general health state of these subjects, since it reduces the negative consequences of sedentarism. Therefore, achieving adherence to assisted gait is important, but there is a risk of abandoning due to several issues such as pain, fatigue, or very low speed, which can make the subject return to solely use the wheelchair. Musculoskeletal models can provide estimations of muscular forces and activations, which in turn enable to calculate magnitudes such as joint reactions, energetic cost, and bone stress and strain. These magnitudes can serve to evaluate the impact of assisted gait in the subject's health and to assess the likelihood of adherence. Moreover, they can be used as indicators to compare different assistive devices for a particular subject. As every spinal cord-injured (SCI) subject represents a different case, a procedure to define customized musculoskeletal models for the crutch-orthosis-assisted gait of SCI subjects is proposed in this paper. Issues such as selection of muscles and integration of models of trunk, upper and lower extremities, and assistive devices (crutches and orthoses) are addressed. An inverse-dynamics-based physiological static optimization method that takes into account muscle dynamics at low computational cost is applied to obtain estimates of muscle forces and joint reactions. The method is experimentally validated by electromyography in a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Michaud
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Mendizabal s/n, Ferrol 15403, Spain
| | - Urbano Lugris
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Mendizabal s/n, Ferrol 15403, Spain
| | - Javier Cuadrado
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Mendizabal s/n, Ferrol 15403, Spain
| | - Andres Kecskemethy
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute of Mechanics and Robotics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Ye Ou
- Chair of Mechanics and Robotics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
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McFarland DC, Brynildsen AG, Saul KR. Sensitivity of Neuromechanical Predictions to Choice of Glenohumeral Stability Modeling Approach. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:249-258. [PMID: 32369767 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most upper-extremity musculoskeletal models represent the glenohumeral joint with an inherently stable ball-and-socket, but the physiological joint requires active muscle coordination for stability. The authors evaluated sensitivity of common predicted outcomes (instability, net glenohumeral reaction force, and rotator cuff activations) to different implementations of active stabilizing mechanisms (constraining net joint reaction direction and incorporating normalized surface electromyography [EMG]). Both EMG and reaction force constraints successfully reduced joint instability. For flexion, incorporating any normalized surface EMG data reduced predicted instability by 54.8%, whereas incorporating any force constraint reduced predicted instability by 43.1%. Other outcomes were sensitive to EMG constraints, but not to force constraints. For flexion, incorporating normalized surface EMG data increased predicted magnitudes of joint reaction force and rotator cuff activations by 28.7% and 88.4%, respectively. Force constraints had no influence on these predicted outcomes for all tasks evaluated. More restrictive EMG constraints also tended to overconstrain the model, making it challenging to accurately track input kinematics. Therefore, force constraints may be a more robust choice when representing stability.
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Michaud F, Mouzo F, Lugrís U, Cuadrado J. Energy Expenditure Estimation During Crutch-Orthosis-Assisted Gait of a Spinal-Cord-Injured Subject. Front Neurorobot 2019; 13:55. [PMID: 31379551 PMCID: PMC6657365 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of muscle energy expenditure by computer modeling and analysis is of great interest to estimate the whole body energy consumption, while avoiding the complex character of in vivo experimental measurements for some subjects or activities. In previous papers, the authors presented optimization methods for estimating muscle forces in spinal-cord-injured (SCI) subjects performing crutch-assisted gait. Starting from those results, this work addresses the estimation of the whole body energy consumption of a SCI subject during crutch-assisted gait using the models of human muscle energy expenditure proposed by Umberger and Bhargava. First, the two methods were applied to the gait of a healthy subject, and experimentally validated by means of a portable gas analyzer in several 5-min tests. Then, both methods were used for a SCI subject during crutch-assisted gait wearing either a passive or an active knee-ankle foot orthosis (KAFO), in order to compare the energetic efficiency of both gait-assistive devices. Improved gait pattern and reduced energy consumption were the results of using the actuated gait device. Computer modeling and analysis can provide valuable indicators, as energy consumption, to assess the impact of assistive devices in patients without the need for long and uncomfortable experimental tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Michaud
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Francisco Mouzo
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Urbano Lugrís
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Javier Cuadrado
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
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Effect of contralateral cane use on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase. Gait Posture 2019; 70:311-316. [PMID: 30928872 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have shown that the daily cumulative moment in the frontal plane (i.e., product of hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase and mean steps per day) is a risk factor for hip osteoarthritis. This study aimed to clarify the effect of contralateral cane use on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane of the stance limb. METHODS This study included 15 healthy subjects who walked under four experimental conditions: (1) without a cane and (2-4) contralateral cane use with 10%, 15%, and 20% body weight support (BWS), respectively. To maintain the same walking speed in all conditions, the cadence was set to 80 steps/min, and the step length was fixed. The hip moment impulses in the frontal plane (i.e., area under the hip ab-adduction moment waveform) and peak hip adduction moments in all conditions were calculated. RESULTS Contralateral cane use significantly decreased the hip moment impulse in the frontal plane and peak hip adduction moment compared to non-cane use. Moreover, the hip moment impulse in the frontal plane and peak hip adduction moment decreased significantly with increased cane BWS. There were no significant differences in walking speed, cadence, and step length between the four conditions. CONCLUSION Contralateral cane use decreases the hip moment impulse in the frontal plane and peak hip adduction moment in the stance limb. These findings may help clarify how to delay the progression of hip osteoarthritis.
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Load distribution on the foot and lofstrand crutches of amputee football players. Gait Posture 2018; 64:169-173. [PMID: 29909232 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amputee football is a worldwide popular sport with positive physical and psychological effects on the disabled. Amputee players use their hands dominantly for locomotion. However, the effect of using upper extremity which is not accommodated to loading is not very well known. RESEARCH QUESTION The objective of this study was to determine the load distribution of amputee football players during walking, running and kicking the ball. METHODS This study was conducted with 15 certified amputee football players (age 24.5 ± 5.8 years, body weight 62.3 ± 10.9 kg, height 171.6 ± 7.7 cm). The loads on their non-amputated lower extremity were measured with F-Scan mobile system sensors inserted in their shoes, and the loads on their upper extremities were measured with F-Grip system sensors affixed to the gloves. The participants were asked to walk, run and kick the ball using Lofstrand Crutches. RESULTS The maximum loading on the upper extremities during walking, running and kicking the ball varied between 111% and 175% of the body weight. While loading during walking and running was similar, the loading on the upper extremity during kicking the ball exceeded that of walking by 58.1% and running by 47.4%. The maximum loading on the non-amputated lower extremity varied between 134% and 196% of the body weight. Loading during running was 46.2% higher than that of walking. The loading on the foot during kicking the ball was 45.7% higher than that of walking. The loading on the foot during running and kicking were similar. SIGNIFICANCE Walking-running-kicking the ball with LC resulted in unusual loading particularly on the upper extremity. During running, the increased loading was transferred to the foot rather than the hands. During kicking, the loading increased extremely and was mainly transferred to the hands. The frequent repetition of kicking during the game may therefore increase the incidence of upper extremity injuries.
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Freddolini M, Esposito F, Latella L, Marcucci M, Corvi A. Shoulder joint loadings in post total hip replacement surgery patients during assisted walking: The influence of the crutch setup. J Biomech 2018; 72:46-52. [PMID: 29510857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A crutch is prescribed to permit the patient to walk safely and independently immediately after total hip replacement (THR) surgery. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the crutch setup on upper limbs biomechanics, including shoulder joint kinematics and kinetics parameters that will be evaluated to detect possible differences related to the crutch length. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to elbow flexed (EF) or elbow extended (EE) forearm crutch setup. Subjects were asked to walk on the laboratory path, instrumented with motion tracking system and force platforms. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, crutch ground reaction force (GRF) and crutch displacement (measured as the relative distance between the crutch position on the floor and the shoulder joint center), were evaluated. A three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical model was implemented to determine shoulder joint kinematics and kinetics during crutch walking. Results showed that the stride length significantly decreased, and base of support width increased for the EF group when compared to the EE group. Crutch forces and distance to the body significantly decreased in the EE group. Furthermore, shoulder joint moments in all planes of motion, vertical and lateral forces were significantly reduced in the EE group. The present study showed that crutch setup influenced performance and upper limb loading during walking, with EE setup allowing a more stable walking and reducing stress on the shoulder joint when compared to the EF setup. Results may help therapists in rationalizing crutch length adjustments for patients after THR surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Freddolini
- Laboratorio congiunto di Analisi del Movimento, "Fondazione ONLUS: In cammino...", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy.
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Laboratorio congiunto di Analisi del Movimento, "Fondazione ONLUS: In cammino...", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy; Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Università degli studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze (FI), Italy
| | - Leonardo Latella
- Laboratorio congiunto di Analisi del Movimento, "Fondazione ONLUS: In cammino...", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy; Institute "Centro di Eccellenza Sostituzioni Articolari Toscana (C.E.S.A.T.)", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marcucci
- Laboratorio congiunto di Analisi del Movimento, "Fondazione ONLUS: In cammino...", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy; Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Università degli studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze (FI), Italy; Institute "Centro di Eccellenza Sostituzioni Articolari Toscana (C.E.S.A.T.)", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Corvi
- Laboratorio congiunto di Analisi del Movimento, "Fondazione ONLUS: In cammino...", Piazza Spartaco Lavignini 1, 50054 Fucecchio (FI), Italy; Industrial Engineering Department, University of Florence, Università degli studi di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Firenze (FI), Italy
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Karipott SS, Nelson BD, Guldberg RE, Ong KG. Clinical potential of implantable wireless sensors for orthopedic treatments. Expert Rev Med Devices 2018; 15:255-264. [PMID: 29558820 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2018.1454310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Implantable wireless sensors have been used for real-time monitoring of chemicals and physical conditions of bones, tendons and muscles to diagnose and study orthopedic diseases and injuries. Due to the importance of these sensors in orthopedic care, a critical review, which not only analyzes the underlying technologies but also their clinical implementations and challenges, will provide a landscape view on their current state and their future clinical role. AREAS COVERED By conducting an extensive literature search and following the leaders of orthopedic implantable wireless sensors, this review covers the battery-powered and battery-free wireless implantable sensor technologies, and describes their implementation for hips, knees, spine, and shoulder stress/strain monitoring. Their advantages, limitations, and clinical challenges are also described. EXPERT COMMENTARY Currently, implantable wireless sensors are mostly limited for scientific investigations and demonstrative experiments. Although rapid advancement in sensors and wireless technologies will push the reliability and practicality of these sensors for clinical realization, regulatory constraints and financial viability in medical device industry may curtail their continuous adoption for clinical orthopedic applications. In the next five years, these sensors are expected to gain increased interest from researchers, but wide clinical adoption is still unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley D Nelson
- a Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , MI , USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- b George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Keat Ghee Ong
- a Biomedical Engineering , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , MI , USA
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Molteni P, Hügle T, Hügle M, Nüesch C, Mündermann A. Reduction in ulnar pressure distribution when walking with forearm crutches with a novel cuff design: Cross-sectional intervention study on the biomechanical efficacy of an ulnar recess. Assist Technol 2016; 30:34-38. [PMID: 27717292 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2016.1236045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking with crutches is an effective way of reducing the load on the lower extremity and is often indicated after injury or surgery. However, walking with forearm crutches with conventional cuffs can trigger symptoms including tenosynovitis in the biceps tendon, ulnar neuropraxia at the wrist, pain, or skin hematoma. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a crutch cuff design with an ulnar recess reduces ulnar pressure during walking with forearm crutches. The pressure distribution between the forearm and crutch cuff was measured in 15 healthy participants for crutch walking with conventional and novel cuffs, respectively. Relative peak pressure in the proximal medial region compared to the overall peak pressure was reduced by 8.6% when walking with crutches with the novel cuff design compared to conventional cuffs (p < 0.001). Relative peak pressure in the distal intermediate and lateral regions were increased by 3.3% and 3.7% for the novel compared with conventional cuffs, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Hence, the novel crutch cuffs shifted regions of high pressure away from the proximal ulnar region towards more distal regions that are covered by more soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Molteni
- a Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hügle
- b Department of Rheumatology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Maria Hügle
- c Department of Computer Science , University of Freiburg , Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany
| | - Corina Nüesch
- d Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,e Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Basel , Allschwil , Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- f Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,g Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Basel , Allschwil , Switzerland
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Blache Y, Creveaux T, Dumas R, Chèze L, Rogowski I. Glenohumeral contact force during flat and topspin tennis forehand drives. Sports Biomech 2016; 16:127-142. [PMID: 27595163 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1216585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary role of the shoulder joint in tennis forehand drive is at the expense of the loadings undergone by this joint. Nevertheless, few studies investigated glenohumeral (GH) contact forces during forehand drives. The aim of this study was to investigate GH compressive and shearing forces during the flat and topspin forehand drives in advanced tennis players. 3D kinematics of flat and topspin forehand drives of 11 advanced tennis players were recorded. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow musculoskeletal model was implemented to assess the magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces during the forehand drives. The results showed no differences in magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces between the flat and topspin forehand drives. The estimated maximal GH contact force during the forward swing phase was 3573 ± 1383 N, which was on average 1.25 times greater than during the follow-through phase, and 5.8 times greater than during the backswing phase. Regardless the phase of the forehand drive, GH contact forces pointed towards the anterior-superior part of the glenoid therefore standing for shearing forces. Knowledge of GH contact forces during real sport tasks performed at high velocity may improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and causative factors for shoulder problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Blache
- a Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology , University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Thomas Creveaux
- a Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology , University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Raphaël Dumas
- b Biomechanics and Impact Mechanics Laboratory , University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Laurence Chèze
- b Biomechanics and Impact Mechanics Laboratory , University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Isabelle Rogowski
- a Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology , University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
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Dooley A, Ma Y, Zhang Y. The Effect of a Shock Absorber on Spatiotemporal Parameters and Ground Reaction Forces of Forearm Crutch Ambulation. Assist Technol 2015; 27:257-62. [PMID: 26151882 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2015.1045997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forearm crutches are a commonly used assistive device to aid the ambulation of people with lower limb impairment. Due to the structure of the joints of the upper limb, the loading patterns during crutch-walking can be detrimental to the user. Shock-absorbed or compliant crutches may reduce ground contact impact, potentially benefitting the user. In this study, the authors performed a biomechanical evaluation of a shock absorber crutch, which uses an elastomeric system to absorb impact. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and spatiotemporal parameters were compared between shock absorbed and standard crutches. Results indicate no significant differences to spatiotemporal parameters and peak ground reaction forces between the crutches. There is an initial impact spike during crutch strike when using shock absorbed crutches, after which the rate of force development is moderately decreased when compared with a standard crutch. The practical benefit of a small reduction in force is questionable and more work must be undertaken to further optimise shock absorber design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dooley
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Ye Ma
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Fischer J, Nüesch C, Göpfert B, Mündermann A, Valderrabano V, Hügle T. Forearm pressure distribution during ambulation with elbow crutches: a cross-sectional study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2014; 11:61. [PMID: 24731773 PMCID: PMC3996167 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of patients require permanent walking aids to maintain mobility. Current elbow crutches are not designed for long-term use, and overuse is often associated with hematoma formation and pain along the forearm. We therefore hypothesized that the highest pressures between the forearm and crutch cuff during walking and stance are located in the ulnar region and that the level of weight-bearing, forearm circumference and kinematic parameters influence peak pressure values and pressure distribution. METHODS Ten healthy adults participated in a cross-sectional study. A pressure sensor array was attached to the forearm of each participant separating the forearm into four quadrants (lateral, ulnar, intermediate and medial). Measurements were taken during crutch gait and during partial and full weight-bearing stance. A three-dimensional motion analysis system with reflective markers attached to the subject's body and to the crutches was used to obtain kinematic data. RESULTS The mean pressure on the forearm during crutch gait was 37.5 kPa (SD 8.8 kPa). Highest mean pressure values were measured in the ulnar (41.0 kPa, SD 9.6 kPa) and intermediate (38.0 kPa, SD 9.0 kPa) quadrants. The center of pressure was mainly located in an oblique lamellar area in these two quadrants. With increasing weight-bearing on the crutches during stance, we observed a shift of the peak pressures towards the ulnar quadrant. The circumference of the forearm correlated with the peak pressure in the medial and intermediate quadrants during crutch gait (P < 0.05). Peak pressures on the forearm showed a trend towards correlation with crutch abduction, but no association with other kinematic parameters was detected. CONCLUSION The pressure load on the forearm during crutch-assisted gait is located predominantly over the ulna and may be linked to a range of secondary conditions caused by crutch use including hematoma formation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Hügle
- Osteoarthritis Research Center, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Lee JU, Kim JH, Lee LK, Kim MY, Yang SM, Lee TH, Kim J. Posture Analysis of Various Types of Crutch Gait of Healthy Volunteers. J Phys Ther Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Uk Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University
| | - Lim-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University
| | - Mee-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University
| | - Tae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yongin University: Yongin 449-714, Korea
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