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Skouras S, Kleinert ML, Lee EHM, Hui CLM, Suen YN, Camchong J, Chong CSY, Chang WC, Chan SKW, Lo WTL, Lim KO, Chen EYH. Aberrant connectivity in the hippocampus, bilateral insula and temporal poles precedes treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: a prospective resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with connectivity concordance mapping. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae094. [PMID: 38707706 PMCID: PMC11069118 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been proposed to predict antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia. However, only a few prospective studies have examined baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients with regard to subsequent treatment response. Data-driven approaches to conceptualize and measure functional connectivity patterns vary broadly, and model-free, voxel-wise, whole-brain analysis techniques are scarce. Here, we apply such a method, called connectivity concordance mapping to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from an Asian sample (n = 60) with first-episode psychosis, prior to pharmaceutical treatment. Using a longitudinal design, 12 months after the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured and classified patients into two groups based on psychometric testing: treatment responsive and treatment resistant. Next, we compared the two groups' connectivity concordance maps that were derived from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data at baseline. We have identified consistently higher functional connectivity in the treatment-resistant group in a network including the left hippocampus, bilateral insula and temporal poles. These data-driven novel findings can help researchers to consider new regions of interest and facilitate biomarker development in order to identify treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients early, in advance of treatment and at the time of their first psychotic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Skouras
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, CH3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Edwin H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jazmin Camchong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William T L Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Morse K, Vander Werff KR. Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential Indices of Impaired Sensory Gating in People With Chronic Tinnitus. Ear Hear 2024; 45:730-741. [PMID: 38273451 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) evidence of impaired sensory gating in individuals with tinnitus. On the basis of the proposed mechanism of tinnitus generation, including a thalamocortical inhibitory deficit, it was hypothesized that individuals with tinnitus would lack the normal inhibitory effect on the second CAEP response in a paired-click sensory gating paradigm, resulting in larger sensory gating ratios in individuals with tinnitus relative to age-, sex-, and hearing-matched controls. Further, this study assessed the relative predictive influence of tinnitus presence versus other related individual characteristics (hearing loss, age, noise exposure history, and speech perception in noise) on sensory gating. DESIGN A paired-click CAEP paradigm was used to measure sensory gating outcomes in an independent group's experimental design. Adults who perceived chronic unilateral or bilateral tinnitus were matched with control group counterparts without tinnitus by age, hearing, and sex (n = 18; 10 females, eight males in each group). Amplitude, area, and latency sensory gating ratios were determined for measured P1, N1, and P2 responses evoked by the first and second click in the paradigm and compared between groups by independent t tests. The relative influence of tinnitus (presence/absence), age (in years), noise exposure history (subjective self-report), hearing loss (pure-tone audiometric thresholds), and speech perception in noise (signal to noise ratio-50) on sensory gating was determined based on the proportional reduction in error associated with each variable using multiple regression. RESULTS A significantly larger was identified in the tinnitus group relative to the control group, consistent with the hypothesis of poorer sensory gating and poorer thalamocortical inhibition in individuals with chronic tinnitus. On the basis of the proportional reduction in error, the influence of tinnitus presence better predicted compared with other related individual characteristics (age, noise exposure history, hearing loss, and speech perception in noise). CONCLUSIONS Results consistent with poorer sensory gating, including a larger , were found for the tinnitus group compared with the controls. This finding supported a thalamocortical inhibitory deficit in the tinnitus group and suggests that individuals with tinnitus may have poorer sensory gating. However, the tinnitus group did differ from controls in meaningful ways including having worse pure-tone thresholds in the extended high-frequency region, lower high-frequency distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and poorer speech perception in noise. Although tinnitus best predicted sensory gating outcomes, the specific effects of tinnitus presence versus absence and other individual characteristics on sensory gating cannot be completely separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Morse
- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kathy R Vander Werff
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Gafoor SA, Uppunda AK. Sensory Gating in the Auditory System: Classical and Novel Stimulus Paradigms. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:989-1001. [PMID: 38386055 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensory gating is a phenomenon where the cortical response to the second stimulus in a pair of identical stimuli is inhibited. It is most often assessed in a conditioning-testing paradigm. Both active and passive neuronal mechanisms have been implicated in sensory gating. The present study aimed to assess if sensory gating is caused by an active neural mechanism associated with stimulus redundancy. METHOD The study was carried out on 20 young neurotypical adults. We assessed the gating phenomenon using identical and nonidentical stimuli pairs presented in an electrophysiological conditioning-testing paradigm. We hypothesized that the novel stimulus in the nonidentical stimulus pair would not exhibit the sensory gating effects (reduction in the amplitude of cortical potentials to the second stimuli in the pair), owing to stimulus novelty. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, the response analyses of the cortical auditory evoked potentials revealed that adults gated repetitive and novel stimuli similarly. CONCLUSIONS The findings are discussed in relation to the significance of methodological factors in evaluating sensory gating. We believe that additional research using oddball presentation of novel stimuli along with appropriate analysis methods is necessary before drawing any conclusions on the mechanisms underlying sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shezeen Abdul Gafoor
- Department of Audiology and Center for Hearing Science, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
| | - Ajith Kumar Uppunda
- Department of Audiology and Center for Hearing Science, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore
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Joshi SD, Ruffini G, Nuttall HE, Watson DG, Braithwaite JJ. Optimised Multi-Channel Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (MtDCS) Reveals Differential Involvement of the Right-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rVLPFC) and Insular Complex in those Predisposed to Aberrant Experiences. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103610. [PMID: 38056338 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown a prominent role for cortical hyperexcitability underlying aberrant perceptions, hallucinations, and distortions in human conscious experience - even in neurotypical groups. The rVLPFC has been identified as an important structure in mediating cognitive affective states / feeling conscious states. The current study examined the involvement of the rVLPFC in mediating cognitive affective states in those predisposed to aberrant experiences in the neurotypical population. Participants completed two trait-based measures: (i) the Cortical Hyperexcitability Index_II (CHi_II, a proxy measure of cortical hyperexcitability) and (ii) two factors from the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS). An optimised 7-channel MtDCS montage for stimulation conditions (Anodal, Cathodal and Sham) was created targeting the rVLPFC in a single-blind study. At the end of each stimulation session, participants completed a body-threat task (BTAB) while skin conductance responses (SCRs) and psychological responses were recorded. Participants with signs of increasing cortical hyperexcitability showed significant suppression of SCRs in the Cathodal stimulation relative to the Anodal and sSham conditions. Those high on the trait-based measures of depersonalisation-like experiences failed to show reliable effects. Collectively, the findings suggest that baseline brain states can mediate the effects of neurostimulation which would be missed via sample level averaging and without appropriate measures for stratifying individual differences.
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Gafoor SA, Uppunda AK. Sensory Gating to Speech and Nonspeech Stimulus and Its Relationship to Speech Perception in Noise. Am J Audiol 2023; 32:889-897. [PMID: 37725711 DOI: 10.1044/2023_aja-23-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensory gating is the cortical phenomenon that involves selective inhibition of responses to task-irrelevant stimuli. Perceiving speech in noise, a situation commonly encountered by humans, requires the irrelevant noise to be inhibited while processing the relevant speech stimulus. We hypothesized that the two (sensory gating and speech perception in noise [SPiN]) might be related and that sensory gating may provide evidence of cortical inhibition involved in SPiN. METHOD An observational research following a correlational design was conducted on 10 neurotypical individuals. Auditory sensory gating was assessed using a conditioning-testing paradigm for tone and speech token pairs. The SPiN was measured using standardized sentences in the participants' native language. RESULTS Differences were observed in the gating index of the P2 peaks of speech and tone pairs. A significant relationship between SPiN and the auditory sensory gating of the P2 peak of the speech-evoked cortical potential was obtained. CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary investigation indicate an association between the sensory gating mechanism and neurotypical individuals' ability to perceive speech in noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shezeen Abdul Gafoor
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - Ajith Kumar Uppunda
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
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Campbell J, Rouse R, Nielsen M, Potter S. Sensory Inhibition and Speech Perception-in-Noise Performance in Children With Normal Hearing. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:382-399. [PMID: 36480698 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether sensory inhibition in children may be associated with speech perception-in-noise performance. Additionally, gating networks associated with sensory inhibition were identified via standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), and the detectability of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) N1 response was enhanced using a 4- to 30-Hz bandpass filter. METHOD CAEP gating responses, reflective of inhibition, were evoked via click pairs and recorded using high-density electroencephalography in neurotypical 5- to 8-year-olds and 22- to 24-year-olds. Amplitude gating indices were calculated and correlated with speech perception in noise. Gating generators were estimated using sLORETA. A 4- to 30-Hz filter was applied to detect the N1 gating component. RESULTS Preliminary findings indicate children showed reduced gating, but there was a correlational trend between better speech perception and decreased N2 gating. Commensurate with decreased gating, children presented with incomplete compensatory gating networks. The 4- to 30-Hz filter identified the N1 response in a subset of children. CONCLUSIONS There was a tenuous relationship between children's speech perception and sensory inhibition. This may suggest that sensory inhibition is only implicated in atypically poor speech perception. Finally, the 4- to 30-Hz filter settings are critical in N1 detectability. SIGNIFICANCE Gating may help evaluate reduced sensory inhibition in children with clinically poor speech perception using the appropriate methodology. Cortical gating generators in typically developing children are also newly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rixon Rouse
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mashhood Nielsen
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Sheri Potter
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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de la Salle S, Choueiry J, McIntosh J, Bowers H, Ilivitsky V, Knott V. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism impairs sensory gating in the auditory cortex in response to speech stimuli. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2155-2169. [PMID: 35348805 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in early auditory sensory processing in schizophrenia have been linked to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, but the role of NMDARs in aberrant auditory sensory gating (SG) in this disorder is unclear. This study, conducted in 22 healthy humans, examined the acute effects of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on SG as measured electrophysiologically by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) to the second (S2) relative to the first (S1) of two closely paired (500 ms) identical speech stimuli. Ketamine induced impairment in SG indices at sensor (scalp)-level and at source-level in the auditory cortex (as assessed with eLORETA). Together with preliminary evidence of modest positive associations between impaired gating and dissociative symptoms elicited by ketamine, tentatively support a model of NMDAR hypofunction underlying disturbances in auditory SG in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de la Salle
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Judy McIntosh
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Vadim Ilivitsky
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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8
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Sheldon AD, Kafadar E, Fisher V, Greenwald MS, Aitken F, Negreira AM, Woods SW, Powers AR. Perceptual pathways to hallucinogenesis. Schizophr Res 2022; 245:77-89. [PMID: 35216865 PMCID: PMC9232894 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in computational psychiatry have provided unique insights into the neural and cognitive underpinnings of psychotic symptoms. In particular, a host of new data has demonstrated the utility of computational frameworks for understanding how hallucinations might arise from alterations in typical perceptual processing. Of particular promise are models based in Bayesian inference that link hallucinatory perceptual experiences to latent states that may drive them. In this piece, we move beyond these findings to ask: how and why do these latent states arise, and how might we take advantage of heterogeneity in that process to develop precision approaches to the treatment of hallucinations? We leverage specific models of Bayesian inference to discuss components that might lead to the development of hallucinations. Using the unifying power of our model, we attempt to place disparate findings in the study of psychotic symptoms within a common framework. Finally, we suggest directions for future elaboration of these models in the service of a more refined psychiatric nosology based on predictable, testable, and ultimately treatable information processing derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sheldon
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Eren Kafadar
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Victoria Fisher
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Maximillian S Greenwald
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Fraser Aitken
- School of Biomedical and Imaging Sciences, Kings College, London, UK
| | | | - Scott W Woods
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Albert R Powers
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
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Guo G, Tang J, Shi M, Yang C, Ou H, Chen W. MK212, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist, reverses prepulse inhibition deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110441. [PMID: 34560172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is disrupted in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Molecules such as 5-HT2C receptor agonists alleviate PPI deficits in rodents; however, the precise mechanisms and critical regions of the brain responsible for the reversal effect of these agonists remain inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the areas of the brain critical for the reversal effect of 5-HT2C receptor agonists on PPI deficits in mice. The results showed that systemic administration of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist MK212 did not affect normal PPI behavior, but reversed the PPI deficits induced by the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK801 in mice. In addition, the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB242084 had no effect on PPI behavior despite MK801 treatment. Moreover, local infusion of MK212 into the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus, excluding the nucleus accumbens or ventral tegmental area, rescued the PPI deficits induced by MK801. These data suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus are critical brain areas responsible for the reversal of 5-HT2C agonists on PPI deficits. The results will contribute to our current knowledge on the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying the antipsychotic effects of 5-HT2C receptor agonists, especially the neural circuits modulated by 5-HT2C receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaxing Ou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Tsitsipa E, Rogers J, Casalotti S, Belessiotis-Richards C, Zubko O, Weil RS, Howard R, Bisby JA, Reeves S. Selective 5HT3 antagonists and sensory processing: a systematic review. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:880-890. [PMID: 35017671 PMCID: PMC8882165 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ondansetron is a selective serotonin (5HT3) receptor antagonist that is under evaluation as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia, and a novel treatment for hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Ondansetron reverses sensory gating deficits and improves visuoperceptual processing in animal models of psychosis, but it is unclear to what extent preclinical findings have been replicated in humans. We systematically reviewed human studies that evaluated the effects of ondansetron and other 5HT3 receptor antagonists on sensory gating deficits or sensory processing. Of 11 eligible studies, eight included patients with schizophrenia who were chronically stable on antipsychotic medication; five measured sensory gating using the P50 suppression response to a repeated auditory stimulus; others included tests of visuoperceptual function. Three studies in healthy participants included tests of visuoperceptual and sensorimotor function. A consistent and robust finding (five studies) was that ondansetron and tropisetron (5HT3 antagonist and α7-nicotinic receptor partial agonist) improved sensory gating in patients with schizophrenia. Tropisetron also improved sustained visual attention in non-smoking patients. There was inconsistent evidence of the effects of 5HT3 antagonists on other measures of sensory processing, but interpretation was limited by the small number of studies, methodological heterogeneity and the potential confounding effects of concomitant medication in patients. Despite these limitations, we found strong evidence that selective 5HT3 antagonists (with or without direct α7-nicotinic partial agonist effects) improved sensory gating. Future studies should investigate how this relates to potential improvement in neurocognitive symptoms in antipsychotic naive patients with prodromal or milder symptoms, in order to understand the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Tsitsipa
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK
| | - Jonathan Rogers
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK ,grid.415717.10000 0001 2324 5535South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, BR3 3BX UK
| | - Sebastian Casalotti
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK
| | - Clara Belessiotis-Richards
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK
| | - Olga Zubko
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK
| | - Rimona S. Weil
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR UK ,grid.436283.80000 0004 0612 2631Movement Disorders Consortium, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR UK
| | - Robert Howard
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK
| | - James A. Bisby
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF UK
| | - Suzanne Reeves
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T7NF, UK.
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Sex differences in P50 inhibition defects with psychopathology and cognition in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110380. [PMID: 34111493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia may be involved in sensory gating that appears to be P50 inhibition. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment and sensory gating disorders in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to explore the sex differences in the relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment and P50 inhibition defects in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, which has not been reported. METHODS 130 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (53 males and 77 females) and 189 healthy controls (87 males and 102 females) participated in the study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the patients' psychopathological symptoms, and the 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) system was used to record the P50 inhibition. RESULTS Male patients had higher PANSS negative symptom, general psychopathology, cognitive factor and total scores than female patients (all p < 0.01). The S1 amplitude was smaller in male than female patients (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that in male patients, S1 latency was contributor to negative symptoms, while S1 latency, S2 latency, age, and smoking status were contributors to cognitive factor (all p < 0.05). In female patients, no P50 component was found to be an independent contributor to PANSS scores (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there is a sex difference in the relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment and P50 inhibition defects in Chinese Han patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
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12
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Shao X, Liao Y, Gu L, Chen W, Tang J. The Etiology of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: From Multidimensional Levels. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:755870. [PMID: 34858129 PMCID: PMC8632545 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.755870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous efforts have been made to unveil the etiology of auditory hallucinations (AHs), and multiple genetic and neural factors have already been shown to have their own roles. Previous studies have shown that AHs in schizophrenia vary from those in other disorders, suggesting that they have unique features and possibly distinguishable mechanisms worthy of further investigation. In this review, we intend to offer a comprehensive summary of current findings related to AHs in schizophrenia from aspects of genetics and transcriptome, neurophysiology (neurometabolic and electroencephalogram studies), and neuroimaging (structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies and transcriptome–neuroimaging association study). Main findings include gene polymorphisms, glutamate level change, electroencephalographic alterations, and abnormalities of white matter fasciculi, cortical structure, and cerebral activities, especially in multiple regions, including auditory and language networks. More solid and comparable research is needed to replicate and integrate ongoing findings from multidimensional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gu
- RIKEN AIP, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Smoking as a Common Modulator of Sensory Gating and Reward Learning in Individuals with Psychotic Disorders. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121581. [PMID: 34942883 PMCID: PMC8699526 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivational and perceptual disturbances co-occur in psychosis and have been linked to aberrations in reward learning and sensory gating, respectively. Although traditionally studied independently, when viewed through a predictive coding framework, these processes can both be linked to dysfunction in striatal dopaminergic prediction error signaling. This study examined whether reward learning and sensory gating are correlated in individuals with psychotic disorders, and whether nicotine—a psychostimulant that amplifies phasic striatal dopamine firing—is a common modulator of these two processes. We recruited 183 patients with psychotic disorders (79 schizophrenia, 104 psychotic bipolar disorder) and 129 controls and assessed reward learning (behavioral probabilistic reward task), sensory gating (P50 event-related potential), and smoking history. Reward learning and sensory gating were correlated across the sample. Smoking influenced reward learning and sensory gating in both patient groups; however, the effects were in opposite directions. Specifically, smoking was associated with improved performance in individuals with schizophrenia but impaired performance in individuals with psychotic bipolar disorder. These findings suggest that reward learning and sensory gating are linked and modulated by smoking. However, disorder-specific associations with smoking suggest that nicotine may expose pathophysiological differences in the architecture and function of prediction error circuitry in these overlapping yet distinct psychotic disorders.
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14
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Hills PJ, Vasilev MR, Ford P, Snell L, Whitworth E, Parsons T, Morisson R, Silveira A, Angele B. Sensory gating is related to positive and disorganised schizotypy in contrast to smooth pursuit eye movements and latent inhibition. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:107989. [PMID: 34419489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the characteristics and symptoms of both schizophrenia and schizotypy are manifested heterogeneously, it is possible that different endophenotypes and neurophysiological measures (sensory gating and smooth pursuit eye movement errors) represent different clusters of symptoms. Participants (N = 205) underwent a standard conditioned-pairing paradigm to establish their sensory gating ratio, a smooth-pursuit eye-movement task, a latent inhibition task, and completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. A Multidimensional Scaling analysis revealed that sensory gating was related to positive and disorganised dimensions of schizotypy. Latent inhibition and prepulse inhibition were not related to any dimension of schizotypy. Smooth pursuit eye movement error was unrelated to sensory gating and latent inhibition, but was related to negative dimensions of schizotypy. Our findings suggest that the symptom clusters associated with two main endophenotypes are largely independent. To fully understand symptomology and outcomes of schizotypal traits, the different subtypes of schizotypy (and potentially, schizophrenia) ought to be considered separately rather than together.
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15
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Moon SY, Kim M, Lho SK, Oh S, Kim SH, Kwon JS. Systematic Review of the Neural Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia: Hippocampus and Insula as the Key Regions of Modulation. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:486-499. [PMID: 34218638 PMCID: PMC8256139 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been the most potent treatment option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, the underlying neural mechanisms of ECT in schizophrenia remain largely unclear. This paper examines studies that investigated structural and functional changes after ECT in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We carried out a systematic review with following terms: 'ECT', 'schizophrenia', and the terms of various neuroimaging modalities. RESULTS Among the 325 records available from the initial search in May 2020, 17 studies were included. Cerebral blood flow in the frontal, temporal, and striatal structures was shown to be modulated (n=3), although the results were divergent. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies suggested that the ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate/creatinine was increased in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC; n=2) and left thalamus (n=1). The hippocampus and insula (n=6, respectively) were the most common regions of structural/functional modulation, which also showed symptom associations. Functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN; n=5), PFC (n=4), and thalamostriatal system (n=2) were also commonly modulated. CONCLUSION Despite proven effectiveness, there has been a dearth of studies investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ECT. There is preliminary evidence of structural and functional modulation of the hippocampus and insula, functional changes in the DMN, PFC, and thalamostriatal system after ECT in patients with schizophrenia. We discuss the rationale and implications of these findings and the potential mechanism of action of ECT. More studies evaluating the mechanisms of ECT are needed, which could provide a unique window into what leads to treatment response in the otherwise refractory TRS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Xia L, Wang D, Wei G, Wang J, Zhou H, Xu H, Tian Y, Dai Q, Xiu M, Chen D, Wang L, Zhang X. P50 inhibition defects with psychopathology and cognitive impairment in patients with first-episode drug naïve schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 107:110246. [PMID: 33453321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have announced that P50 inhibition defects represent sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia, but studies seldom have searched the correlation between P50 inhibition defects and the psychopathology or cognitive impairment of patients with first-episode, drug naïve (FEDN) of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the auditory sensory gating deficits in a large number of Han patients with FEDN schizophrenia and their correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 130 patients with FEDN schizophrenia and 189 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor model were used to score the psychopathology of the patients, and P50 inhibition was recorded using the 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) system. RESULTS Patients exhibited significantly longer S1 and S2 latency, lower S1 and S2 amplitudes and lower P50 difference than healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Significant correlations existed between S1 latency and PANSS negative symptoms or cognitive factor, P50 ratio and general psychopathology, P50 ratio and PANSS total score, P50 difference and general psychopathology, and P50 difference and PANSS total score (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that S1 latency, sex, age, and education were contributors to negative symptom score (all p < 0.05). S1 latency, S2 latency, sex, age, and smoking status were contributors to cognitive factor (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that patients with FEDN schizophrenia have P50 inhibition defects, which may be related to their psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qilong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Zheng L, Yan W, Yu L, Gao B, Yu S, Chen L, Hao X, Liu H, Lin Z. Altered Effective Brain Connectivity During Habituation in First Episode Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Dichotic Listening EEG Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:731387. [PMID: 35046846 PMCID: PMC8761615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.731387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Habituation is considered to have protective and filtering mechanisms. The present study is aim to find the casual relationship and mechanisms of excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) dysfunctions in schizophrenia (SCZ) via habituation. Methods: A dichotic listening paradigm was performed with simultaneous EEG recording on 22 schizophrenia patients and 22 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Source reconstruction and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis were performed to estimate the effective connectivity and casual relationship between frontal and temporal regions before and after habituation. Results: The schizophrenia patients expressed later habituation onset (p < 0.01) and hyper-activity in both lateral frontal-temporal cortices than controls (p = 0.001). The patients also showed decreased top-down and bottom-up connectivity in bilateral frontal-temporal regions (p < 0.01). The contralateral frontal-frontal and temporal-temporal connectivity showed a left to right decreasing (p < 0.01) and right to left strengthening (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The results give causal evidence for E/I imbalance in schizophrenia during dichotic auditory processing. The altered effective connectivity in frontal-temporal circuit could represent the trait bio-marker of schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizheng Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Linzhen Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Sun Q, Fang Y, Shi Y, Wang L, Peng X, Tan L. Inhibitory Top-Down Control Deficits in Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Go/NoGo Task. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:544746. [PMID: 34149464 PMCID: PMC8211872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.544746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), with unclear mechanisms, cause extreme distresses to schizophrenia patients. Deficits of inhibitory top-down control may be linked to AVH. Therefore, in this study, we focused on inhibitory top-down control in schizophrenia patients with AVH. Method: The present study recruited 40 schizophrenia patients, including 20 AVH patients and 20 non-AVH patients, and 23 healthy controls. We employed event-related potentials to investigate the N2 and P3 amplitude and latency differences among these participants during a Go/NoGo task. Results: Relative to healthy controls, the two patient groups observed longer reaction time (RT) and reduced accuracy. The two patient groups had smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the healthy controls, and the AVH patients showed smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the non-AVH patients. In all the groups, the parietal area showed smaller NoGo P3 than frontal and central areas. However, no significant difference was found in N2 and Go P3 amplitude between the three groups. Conclusions: AVH patients might have worse inhibitory top-down control, which might be involved in the occurrence of AVH. Hopefully, our results could enhance understanding of the pathology of AVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yehua Fang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemei Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department Psychology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Liwen Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Jelinčić V, Torta DM, Van Diest I, von Leupoldt A. Cross-modal relationships of neural gating with the subjective perception of respiratory and somatosensory sensations. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13710. [PMID: 33107062 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural gating is a phenomenon whereby the response to a stimulus in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is attenuated when preceded by an identical stimulus. Attenuation of paired auditory clicks has repeatedly been shown to be affected in mental disorders, for example, schizophrenia. Neural gating has also been measured for respiratory and somatosensory sensations, however the attenuation of bodily relevant stimuli has not yet been systematically related to the subjective perception of bodily sensations. This research direction is potentially relevant to explaining disease trajectories in psychosomatic conditions characterized by chronic breathlessness and/or pain. In the present study, we recorded high-density EEG from 85 healthy young adults while they experienced brief paired respiratory occlusions and brief paired electrocutaneous stimulation of the wrist. The event-related potential N1 was measured centro-laterally in response to the second relative to the first stimulus to quantify neural gating in both sensory domains. Participants experienced resistive loaded breaths and electrocutaneous stimuli of various intensities, rated their perceived intensity and unpleasantness, and performed magnitude estimation. Relationships of respiratory and somatosensory neural gating to the subjective intensity and unpleasantness of sensations, as well as the ability to discriminate sensations of varying intensities, were investigated intra-modally and cross-modally. We report significant relationships of the somatosensory neural gating to perceived intensity and unpleasantness of respiratory and somatosensory sensations, with the stronger neural gating relating to a stronger subjective intensity and unpleasantness. We discuss these unexpected findings through the lens of individual differences and different theoretical accounts on the origins of cortical attenuation of repetitive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Jelinčić
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diana M Torta
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas von Leupoldt
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Hirano S, Spencer KM, Onitsuka T, Hirano Y. Language-Related Neurophysiological Deficits in Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:222-233. [PMID: 31741393 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419886686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects all aspects of one's life with several cognitive and social dysfunctions. However, there is still no objective and universal index for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Many researchers have studied language processing in schizophrenia since most of the patients show symptoms related to language processing, such as thought disorder, auditory verbal hallucinations, or delusions. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) with millisecond order high temporal resolution, have been applied to reveal the abnormalities in language processing in schizophrenia. The aims of this review are (a) to provide an overview of recent findings in language processing in schizophrenia with EEG and MEG using neurophysiological indices, providing insights into underlying language related pathophysiological deficits in this disease and (b) to emphasize the advantage of EEG and MEG in research on language processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Atagun MI, Drukker M, Hall MH, Altun IK, Tatli SZ, Guloksuz S, van Os J, van Amelsvoort T. Meta-analysis of auditory P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111078. [PMID: 32361172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the brain to reduce the amount of trivial or redundant sensory inputs is called gating function. Dysfunction of sensory gating may lead to cognitive fragmentation and poor real-world functioning. The auditory dual-click paradigm is a pertinent neurophysiological measure of sensory gating function. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the subcomponents of abnormal P50 waveforms in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia to assess P50 sensory gating deficits and examine effects of diagnoses, illness states (first-episode psychosis vs. schizophrenia, remission vs. episodes in bipolar disorder), and treatment status (medication-free vs. medicated). Literature search of PubMed between Jan 1st 1980 and March 31st 2019 identified 2091 records for schizophrenia, 362 for bipolar disorder. 115 studies in schizophrenia (4932 patients), 16 in bipolar disorder (975 patients) and 10 in first-degree relatives (848 subjects) met the inclusion criteria. P50 sensory gating ratio (S2/S1) and S1-S2 difference were significantly altered in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. First-episode psychosis did not differ from schizophrenia, however episodes altered P50 sensory gating in bipolar disorder. Medications improve P50 sensory gating alterations in schizophrenia significantly and at trend level in bipolar disorder. Future studies should examine longitudinal course of P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ilhan Atagun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Universities Region, Ihsan Dogramaci Boulevard. No: 6, Bilkent, Cankaya, Ankara Turkey.
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mei Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilkay Keles Altun
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Higher Education Training and Education Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; King's Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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22
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Campbell J, Nielsen M, LaBrec A, Bean C. Sensory Inhibition Is Related to Variable Speech Perception in Noise in Adults With Normal Hearing. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:1595-1607. [PMID: 32402215 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Speech perception in noise (SPiN) varies widely in individuals with normal hearing, which may be attributed to factors that are not reflected in the audiogram, such as inhibition. However, inhibition is involved at both sensory and cognitive stages of auditory perception, and while inhibition at the cognitive level has been shown to be a significant factor in SPiN processes, it is unknown whether sensory inhibition may also contribute to SPiN variability. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate sensory inhibition in adults with normal hearing and mild SPiN impairment. Method Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in 49 adults via high-density electroencephalography using an auditory gating paradigm. Participants were categorized according to a median signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss of 1.5 dB: typical SNR loss ≤ 1.5 dB (n = 32), mild SNR loss > 1.5 dB (n = 17). CAEP gating responses were compared and correlated with SNR loss and extended high-frequency thresholds. Current density reconstructions were performed to qualitatively observe underlying cortical inhibitory networks in each group. Results In comparison to adults with typical SPiN ability, adults with mild SPiN impairment showed an absence of the gating response. A CAEP gating component (P2) reflected decreased sensory inhibition and correlated with increased SNR loss. Extended high-frequency thresholds were also found to correlate with SNR loss, but not gating function. An atypical cortical inhibitory network was observed in the mild SNR loss group, with reduced frontal and absent prefrontal activation. Conclusion Sensory inhibition appears to be atypical and related to SPiN deficits in adults with mild impairment. In addition, cortical inhibitory networks appear to be incomplete, with a possible compensatory parietal network. Further research is needed to delineate between types or levels of central inhibitory mechanisms and their contribution to SPiN processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mashhood Nielsen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Alison LaBrec
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Connor Bean
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
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23
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Mancini V, Zöller D, Schneider M, Schaer M, Eliez S. Abnormal Development and Dysconnectivity of Distinct Thalamic Nuclei in Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Experiencing Auditory Hallucinations. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:875-890. [PMID: 32620531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies in patients with schizophrenia have demonstrated an abnormal thalamic volume and thalamocortical connectivity. Specifically, hyperconnectivity with somatosensory areas has been related to the presence of auditory hallucinations (AHs). The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder conferring proneness to develop schizophrenia, and deletion carriers (22qdel carriers) experience hallucinations to a greater extent than the general population. METHODS We acquired 442 consecutive magnetic resonance imaging scans from 120 22qdel carriers and 110 control subjects every 3 years (age range: 8-35 years). The volume of thalamic nuclei was obtained with FreeSurfer and was compared between 22qdel carriers and control subjects and between 22qdel carriers with and without AHs. In a subgroup of 76 22qdel carriers, we evaluated the functional connectivity between thalamic nuclei affected in patients experiencing AHs and cortical regions. RESULTS As compared with control subjects, 22qdel carriers had lower and higher volumes of nuclei involved in sensory processing and cognitive functions, respectively. 22qdel carriers with AHs had a smaller volume of the medial geniculate nucleus, with deviant trajectories showing a steeper volume decrease from childhood with respect to those without AHs. Moreover, we showed an aberrant development of nuclei intercalated between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (the anteroventral and medioventral reuniens nuclei) and hyperconnectivity of the medial geniculate nucleus and anteroventral nucleus with the auditory cortex and Wernicke's area. CONCLUSIONS The increased connectivity of the medial geniculate nucleus and anteroventral nucleus to the auditory cortex might be interpreted as a lack of maturation of thalamocortical connectivity. Overall, our findings point toward an aberrant development of thalamic nuclei and an immature pattern of connectivity with temporal regions in relation to AHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Psychology Unit for Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating is a measure used to evaluate inhibitory deficits underlying neurological disorders. However, the effects of hearing loss (HL), thought to decrease inhibition, remain unknown on gating function. PURPOSE The goal of this study was to investigate gating performance in HL. RESEARCH DESIGN This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with independent group comparison and correlational design. STUDY SAMPLE Eleven adults (mean age/standard deviation = 47.546 ± 7.967 years) with normal hearing (NH) and 11 adults (mean age/standard deviation = 56.273 ± 13.871 years) with mild-moderate high-frequency HL. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in response to tonal pairs via high-density electroencephalography. The CAEP response to the second tone in the pair (S2) was compared with the response to the first tone in the pair (S1) within groups. Amplitude gating indices were compared between groups and correlated with auditory behavioral measures. Current density reconstructions were performed to estimate cortical gating generators. RESULTS Amplitude gating indices were decreased and correlated with elevated auditory thresholds. Gating generators in temporal, frontal, and prefrontal regions were localized in the NH group, while HL gating was localized in mainly temporal and parietal areas. CONCLUSIONS Reduced inhibition may be associated with compensatory cortical gating networks in HL and should be considered when utilizing gating in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Mashhood Nielsen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Connor Bean
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Alison LaBrec
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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25
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Association of cognitive and P50 suppression deficits in chronic patients with schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:725-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Cheng CH, Hsiao FJ, Hsieh YW, Wang PN. Dysfunction of Inferior Parietal Lobule During Sensory Gating in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:39. [PMID: 32158387 PMCID: PMC7052059 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) demonstrate significant cognitive deficits, especially in the memory aspect. The memory deficiency might be attributed to the difficulties in the inhibitory function to suppress redundant stimuli. Sensory gating (SG) refers to the attenuation of neural responses to the second identical stimulus in a paired-click paradigm, in which auditory stimuli are delivered in pairs with inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 500 ms and inter-pair intervals of 6-8 s. It is considered as an electrophysiological signal to reflect the brain's automatic response to gate out repetitive sensory inputs. However, there has been no study systematically investigating SG function in aMCI patients. Thus, the present study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record neuromagnetic responses to a paired-click paradigm in 23 healthy controls (HC) and 26 aMCI patients. The Stimulus 2/Stimulus 1 (S2/S1) amplitude ratio was used to represent the SG function. Compared to HC, aMCI patients showed M50 SG deficits in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). M100 SG defects were also observed in the right IPL. Based on the ROIs showing significant between-group SG differences, we found that a more deficient M50 SG function in the right IPL was associated with poorer performance in the immediate recall of Logic Memory (LM), Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) Test. Furthermore, the M50 SG ratios of the right IPL together with the neuropsychological performance of LM and CVVLT demonstrated very good accuracy in the discrimination of aMCI from HC. In conclusion, compared to HC, aMCI patients showed a significant SG deficit in the right IPL, which was correlated with the auditory short-term memory function. We suggest the combination of SG in the right IPL, LM and CVVLT to be sensitive indicators to differentiate aMCI patients from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Knott V, Wright N, Shah D, Baddeley A, Bowers H, de la Salle S, Labelle A. Change in the Neural Response to Auditory Deviance Following Cognitive Therapy for Hallucinations in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:555. [PMID: 32595542 PMCID: PMC7304235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjunctive psychotherapeutic approaches recommended for patients with schizophrenia (SZ) who are fully or partially resistant to pharmacotherapy have rarely utilized biomarkers to enhance the understanding of treatment-effective mechanisms. As SZ patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) frequently evidence reduced neural responsiveness to external auditory stimulation, which may impact cognitive and functional outcomes, this study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for voices (CBTv) on clinical and AVH symptoms and the sensory processing of auditory deviants as measured with the electroencephalographically derived mismatch negativity (MMN) response. Twenty-four patients with SZ and AVH were randomly assigned to group CBTv treatment or a treatment as usual (TAU) condition. Patients in the group CBTv condition received treatment for 5 months while the matched control patients received TAU for the same period, followed by 5 months of group CBTv. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of treatment. Although not showing consistent changes in the frequency of AVHs, CBTv (vs. TAU) improved patients' appraisal (p = 0.001) of and behavioral/emotional responses to AVHs, and increased both MMN generation (p = 0.001) and auditory cortex current density (p = 0.002) in response to tone pitch deviants. Improvements in AVH symptoms were correlated with change in pitch deviant MMN and current density in left primary auditory cortex. These findings of improved auditory information processing and symptom-response attributable to CBTv suggest potential clinical and functional benefits of psychotherapeutical approaches for patients with persistent AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicola Wright
- Schizophrenia Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Baddeley
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- Schizophrenia Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara de la Salle
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Schizophrenia Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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28
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Kim HK, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia-P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32848953 PMCID: PMC7426515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating ("P50") and mismatch negativity (MMN), which measure sensory gating and detection of change in auditory stimuli, respectively, are consistently shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may also be a potential method by which sensory processing can be assessed, since TMS paradigms can be used to measure GABAB-mediated cortical inhibition that is linked with sensory gating. In this review, we examine the potential of P50, MMN and two TMS paradigms, cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as endophenotypes as well as their ability to be used as predictive markers for interventions targeted at cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Studies consistently support a link between MMN, P50, and cognitive dysfunction, with robust evidence for a link between MMN and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia as well. Importantly, studies have demonstrated that MMN can be used to predict performance in social and cognitive training tasks. A growing body of studies also supports the potential of MMN to be used as an endophenotype, and future studies are needed to determine if MMN can be used as an endophenotype specifically in schizophrenia. P50, however, has weaker evidence supporting its use as an endophenotype. While CSP and LICI are not as extensively investigated, growing evidence is supporting their potential to be used as an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Future studies that assess the ability of P50, MMN, and TMS neurophysiological measures to predict performance in cognitive and social training programs may identify markers that inform clinical decisions in the treatment of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Niemantsverdriet MBA, Slotema CW, van der Veen FM, van der Gaag M, Sommer IEC, Deen M, Franken IHA. Sensory processing deficiencies in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience auditory verbal hallucinations. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112545. [PMID: 31536946 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We examined two candidate mechanisms of AVH in patients with BPD, suggested to underlie sensory processing systems that contribute to psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia; sensory gating (P50 ratio and P50 difference) and change detection (mismatch negativity; MMN). Via electroencephalographic recordings P50 amplitude, P50 ratio, P50 difference and MMN amplitude were compared between 23 borderline patients with and 25 without AVH, and 26 healthy controls. Borderline patients with AVH had a significantly lower P50 difference compared with healthy controls, whereas no difference was found between borderline patients without AVH and healthy controls. The groups did not differ on MMN amplitude. The impaired sensory gating in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience AVH implies that P50 sensory gating deficiencies may underlie psychotic vulnerability in this specific patient group. Patients with borderline personality disorder with or without AVH did not have problems with auditory change detection. This may explain why they are spared from the poor outcome associated with negative symptoms and symptoms of disorganization in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B A Niemantsverdriet
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands.
| | - Christina W Slotema
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik M van der Veen
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Mandeville Building, Rotterdam, DR, 1738, 3000, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, BT, 1081, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AD, 9700, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Deen
- Department of Personality Disorders, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Lijnbaan 4, The Hague, VA, 2512, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Mandeville Building, Rotterdam, DR, 1738, 3000, the Netherlands
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30
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Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Illivitsky V, Knott V. Combining CDP-choline and galantamine: Effects of a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist strategy on P50 sensory gating of speech sounds in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:688-699. [PMID: 30920339 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119836217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and relatives have deficits in early cortical sensory gating (SG) typically measured by suppression of electroencephalography-derived P50 event-related potentials (ERPs) in a conditioning-testing (S1-S2) paradigm. Associated with alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) dysfunction and shown to be improved with nicotine and α7 nAChR agonists, SG has recently been shown to be improved in low P50 suppressing SCZ patients following acute CDP-choline treatment. AIMS This pilot study in healthy humans assessed the SG effects of an α7 nAChR strategy combining CDP-choline with galantamine, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of nAChRs, aimed at increasing and prolonging nicotinic receptor activity. METHODS The combined effect of CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg) on speech P50 gating indices rP50 (S2/S1) and dP50 (S1-S2) was examined in 30 healthy participants stratified into low and high baseline P50 suppressors in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and counterbalanced design. RESULTS In low suppressors, CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. placebo) improved rP50 and dP50 gating, and reduced S2P50 amplitudes. No P50 gating effects were observed in high suppressors; however, CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. placebo) increased their S2P50 amplitudes. CONCLUSION Findings from this pilot study with CDP-choline/galantamine in a healthy, SCZ-like surrogate deficient gating sample are consistent with the association of α7 nAChR mechanisms in SG impairment in SCZ and support further research trials with CDP-choline and galantamine targeting sensory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Choueiry
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal M Blais
- 2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- 3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- 3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- 4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Verner Knott
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,5 The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,6 University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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31
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Voss P, Thomas ME, Guercio GD, de Villers-Sidani E. Dysregulation of auditory neuroplasticity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 207:3-11. [PMID: 29703662 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex brain syndrome characterized by an array of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech), negative symptoms (alogia, apathy, avolition) and cognitive impairments (memory, executive functions). Although investigations of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have primarily concentrated on disturbances affecting higher-order cognitive processes, there is an increasing realization that schizophrenia also affects early sensory processing, which might, in fact, play a significant role in the development of higher-order cognitive impairments. Recent evidence suggests that many of these early sensory processing impairments possibly arise from a dysregulation of plasticity regulators in schizophrenia, resulting in either reduced plasticity or excessive unregulated plasticity. The purpose of the present manuscript is to provide a concise overview of how the dysregulation of cortical plasticity mechanisms contributes to schizophrenia symptoms with an emphasis on auditory dysplasticity and to discuss its relevance for treatment outcomes. The idea that plasticity mechanisms are not constrained only within sensitive periods suggests that many functional properties of sensory neurons can be altered throughout the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Voss
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Maryse E Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gerson D Guercio
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Etienne de Villers-Sidani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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32
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Campbell J, LaBrec A, Bean C, Nielsen M, So W. Auditory Gating and Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in Normal-Hearing Adults With Minimal Tinnitus. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:209-224. [PMID: 31022362 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-ttr17-18-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to assess whether peripheral auditory sensitivity in frequency regions above 8 kHz is related to central inhibitory function, as measured through a sensory gating paradigm, in normal-hearing adults with tinnitus (TINN) and without tinnitus (NTINN). The contribution of gating processes and peripheral sensitivity in extended high frequencies to tinnitus severity was evaluated via a hierarchical multiple regression method. Method Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in response to pairs of tones in normal-hearing adults without tinnitus, NTINN ( n = 45), and adults with tinnitus, TINN ( n = 21). CAEP peak component amplitude, latency, and gating indices were compared and correlated with extended high-frequency (EHF) pure-tone averages (PTAs) across groups and with tinnitus severity. An exploratory analysis was performed to investigate gating variability within the TINN group. Based on Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996) median scores, the TINN group was categorized into low- and high-median subgroups, and gating indices were compared between these subgroups. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the amount of variance accounted for in the TINN group. Results Decreased gating via the CAEP Pa component and increased gating via the N1 component correlated with increased tinnitus severity, even in individuals who would traditionally be classified as having no tinnitus handicap. In the TINN group, lower EHF PTA thresholds correlated with tinnitus severity and decreased Pa gating. Individuals with a greater severity of tinnitus demonstrated atypical gating function reflected in both Pa and N1 components. Gating function and EHF PTA accounted for significant variance regarding tinnitus severity. Conclusions A trade-off between lower and higher level gating function was observed in adults with normal hearing and tinnitus, indicative of higher order compensatory mechanisms. Better cochlear sensitivity in extended high frequencies was related to decreased lower level gating processes and increased tinnitus THI scores, suggestive of an interaction between decreased gating and heightened auditory awareness. We are currently exploring whether gating processes in this population are compensatory, and the role of gating in auditory awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Alison LaBrec
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Connor Bean
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mashhood Nielsen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Won So
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
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Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Labelle A, Knott V. Combining CDP-choline and galantamine, an optimized α7 nicotinic strategy, to ameliorate sensory gating to speech stimuli in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 145:70-82. [PMID: 30790597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression and functioning deficits have been extensively associated with cognitive and early sensory gating (SG) impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their relatives. SG, the suppression of irrelevant and redundant stimuli, is measured in a conditioning-testing (S1-S2) paradigm eliciting electroencephalography-derived P50 event-related potentials (ERPs), the S2 amplitudes of which are typically suppressed relative to S1. Despite extensive reports of nicotine-related improvements and several decades of research, an efficient nicotinic treatment has yet to be approved for SCZ. Following reports of SG improvements in low P50 suppressing SCZ patients and healthy participants with the α7 agonist, CDP-choline, this pilot study examined the combined modulatory effect of CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg), a nAChR positive allosteric modulator and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on SG to speech stimuli in twenty-four SCZ patients in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design. As expected, in low P50 suppressors CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. Placebo) improved rP50 and dP50 scores by increasing inhibitory mechanisms as reflected by S2P50 amplitude reductions. Results also suggest a moderating role for auditory verbal hallucinations in treatment response. These preliminary findings provide supportive evidence for the involvement of α7 nAChR activity in speech gating in SCZ and support additional trials, examining different dose combinations and repeated doses of this optimized and personalized targeted α7 cholinergic treatment for SG dysfunction in subgroups of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal M Blais
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada; The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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34
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Baskak NS, Özateş ME, Herdi O, Sonel E, Ulusan A, Baskak B. The Relation Between Functional Anatomy of the Face and Threat Perception Evoked by Facial Expression of Anger in Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 56:7-12. [PMID: 30911230 DOI: 10.29399/npa.21632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It is well known that patients with schizophrenia are more sensitive to negative rather than positive feelings. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the degree of explicitly perceived threat against facial expressions of anger. We were also interested in the association between perceived threat, and both the objective intensity of facial expression of anger and the functional anatomy of the perceived faces. Method Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia and 51 healthy controls were enrolled. Participants were presented a total of 21 sequences of anger including six different face images, which were selected from The Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression Database with emotions gradually changing from neutral to peak expression of anger. We measured when [time to threat (TtT)] and to which degree [Total perception of threat (TPoT)] threat was perceived by participants. The relation between perceived threat with the involvement of functional anatomic units among the face stimuli was also investigated. Results TPoT was higher in the index compared to the control group. TtT was comparable in two groups and was associated with the severity of hallucinations among the index group. Total emotion intensity was lower in the sequences that evoked more threat in the index group. Functional contribution of the eyes and the upper lip to expression of anger were associated with TPoT among the index group. Conclusion Schizophrenia subjects may be prone to perceive more threat in response to facial expression of anger. This proneness may be evident in response to less intense expression of anger, particularly via eyes and the upper lip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oğuzhan Herdi
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankarı, Turkey
| | - Eda Sonel
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankarı, Turkey
| | - Asena Ulusan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankarı, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankarı, Turkey
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35
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Campbell J, Bean C, LaBrec A. Normal hearing young adults with mild tinnitus: Reduced inhibition as measured through sensory gating. Audiol Res 2018; 8:214. [PMID: 30405896 PMCID: PMC6199556 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2018.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased central inhibition, possibly related to hearing loss, may contribute to chronic tinnitus. However, many individuals with normal hearing thresholds report tinnitus, suggesting that the percept in this population may arise from sources other than peripheral deafferentation. One measure of inhibition is sensory gating. Sensory gating involves the suppression of non-novel input, and is measured through cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) responses to paired stimuli. In typical gating function, amplitude suppression is observed in the second CAEP response when compared to the first CAEP response, illustrating inhibitory activity. Using this measure, we investigated central inhibitory processes in normal hearing young adults with and without mild tinnitus to determine whether inhibition may be a contributing factor to the tinnitus percept. Results showed that gating function was impaired in the tinnitus group, with the CAEP Pa component significantly correlated with tinnitus severity. Further exploratory analyses were conducted to evaluate variability in gating function within the tinnitus group, and findings showed that high CAEP amplitude suppressors demonstrated gating performance comparable to adults without tinnitus, while low amplitude suppressors exhibited atypical gating function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Connor Bean
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alison LaBrec
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Iudici A, Faccio E, Quarato M, Neri J, Castelnuovo G. Getting Better Acquainted with Auditory Voice Hallucinations (AVHs): A Need for Clinical and Social Change. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1978. [PMID: 29184521 PMCID: PMC5694460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iudici
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Faccio
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Quarato
- Interactionist School of Padova, Istituto di Psicologia e Psicoterapia, Padua, Italy
| | - Jessica Neri
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
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Diminished auditory sensory gating during active auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:125-131. [PMID: 28109666 PMCID: PMC5515701 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Auditory sensory gating, assessed in a paired-click paradigm, indicates the extent to which incoming stimuli are filtered, or "gated", in auditory cortex. Gating is typically computed as the ratio of the peak amplitude of the event related potential (ERP) to a second click (S2) divided by the peak amplitude of the ERP to a first click (S1). Higher gating ratios are purportedly indicative of incomplete suppression of S2 and considered to represent sensory processing dysfunction. In schizophrenia, hallucination severity is positively correlated with gating ratios, and it was hypothesized that a failure of sensory control processes early in auditory sensation (gating) may represent a larger system failure within the auditory data stream; resulting in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). EEG data were collected while patients (N=12) with treatment-resistant AVH pressed a button to indicate the beginning (AVH-on) and end (AVH-off) of each AVH during a paired click protocol. For each participant, separate gating ratios were computed for the P50, N100, and P200 components for each of the AVH-off and AVH-on states. AVH trait severity was assessed using the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales AVH Total score (PSYRATS). The results of a mixed model ANOVA revealed an overall effect for AVH state, such that gating ratios were significantly higher during the AVH-on state than during AVH-off for all three components. PSYRATS score was significantly and negatively correlated with N100 gating ratio only in the AVH-off state. These findings link onset of AVH with a failure of an empirically-defined auditory inhibition system, auditory sensory gating, and pave the way for a sensory gating model of AVH.
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Haigh SM, Matteis MD, Coffman BA, Murphy TK, Butera CD, Ward KL, Leiter-McBeth JR, Salisbury DF. Mismatch negativity to pitch pattern deviants in schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2229-2239. [PMID: 28833772 PMCID: PMC5768303 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple mismatch negativity (MMN) to infrequent pitch deviants is impaired in individuals with long-term schizophrenia (Sz). The complex MMN elicited by pattern deviance often manifes is cut from here]->ts later after deviant onset than simple MMN and can ascertain deficits in abstracting relationships between stimuli. Sz exhibit reduced complex MMN, but so far this has only been measured when deviance detection relies on a grouping rule. We measured MMN to deviants in pitch-based rules to see whether MMN is also abnormal in Sz under these conditions. Three experiments were conducted. Twenty-seven Sz and 28 healthy matched controls (HC) participated in Experiments 1 and 2, and 24 Sz and 26 HC participated in Experiment 3. Experiment 1 was a standard pitch MMN task, and Sz showed the expected MMN reduction (~ 115 ms) in the simple pitch deviant compared to HC. Experiment 2 comprised standard groups of six tones that ascended in pitch, and deviant groups where the last tone descended in pitch. Complex MMN was late (~ 510 ms) and significantly blunted in Sz. Experiment 3 comprised standard groups of 12 tones (six tones ascending in pitch followed by six tones descending in pitch, like a scale), and deviant groups containing two repetitions of six ascending tones (the scale restarted midstream). Complex MMN was also late (~ 460 ms) and significantly blunted in Sz. These results identify a late pitch pattern deviance-related MMN that is deficient in schizophrenia. This suggests specific deficits in later more complex deviance detection in schizophrenia for abstract patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Haigh
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mario De Matteis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Timothy K Murphy
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Christiana D Butera
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kayla L Ward
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Justin R Leiter-McBeth
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Oxford Building, 3501 Forbes Avenue Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Schlier B, Hennig T, Lincoln TM. Measuring fluctuations across the Continuum of Auditory Hallucinations. Development and validation of a state inventory. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:325-332. [PMID: 28412616 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify causes and triggers of hallucinations that can inform therapy, reliable, valid, and change-sensitive instruments to assess hallucinatory experiences in the subclinical and clinical range are needed. We developed and validated a novel scale, the Continuum of Auditory Hallucinations - State Assessment (CAHSA), to be used for repeated assessment of the subclinical factors vivid imagination, intrusive thoughts, and perceptual sensitivity as well as auditory hallucinations. After selecting items for the four factors in a first test sample (n=84), we tested factorial validity using CFA and criterion validity with self-reported psychosis-like experiences (n=534). Finally, within-subject variation of CAHSA scores over 14 days and time-lagged associations between its factors were explored (n=85). A 9-item CAHSA was selected that showed good factorial validity, criterion validity, and substantial, valid within-subject variation. Time-lagged regression showed that vivid imagination, perceptual sensitivity, and intrusive thought precede auditory hallucinations. In sum, the CAHSA validly measures fluctuation along the continuum of auditory hallucinations, is sensitive to change, and well suited for experimental studies, repeated measurement, and longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schlier
- University of Hamburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Von-Melle-Park 5, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Timo Hennig
- University of Hamburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Von-Melle-Park 5, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- University of Hamburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Von-Melle-Park 5, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177747. [PMID: 28542290 PMCID: PMC5436751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a mechanism of sensory processing used to prevent an overflow of irrelevant information, with some indexes, such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) and P50 suppression, often utilized for its evaluation. In addition, those are clinically important for diseases such as schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated long-latency paired-pulse suppression of change-related cortical responses using magnetoencephalography. The test change-related response was evoked by an abrupt increase in sound pressure by 15 dB in a continuous sound composed of a train of 25-ms pure tones at 65 dB. By inserting a leading change stimulus (prepulse), we observed suppression of the test response. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of conditioning-test intervals (CTI) using a 25-ms pure tone at 80 dB as both the test and prepulse. Our results showed clear suppression of the test response peaking at a CTI of 600 ms, while maximum inhibition was approximately 30%. In Experiment 2, the effects of sound pressure on prepulse were examined by inserting prepulses 600 ms prior to the test stimulus. We found that a paired-pulse suppression greater than 25% was obtained by prepulses larger than 77 dB, i.e., 12 dB louder than the background, suggesting that long latency suppression requires a relatively strong prepulse to obtain adequate suppression, different than short-latency paired-pulse suppression reported in previous studies. In Experiment 3, we confirmed similar levels of suppression using electroencephalography. These results suggested that two identical change stimuli spaced by 600 ms were appropriate for observing the long-latency inhibition. The present method requires only a short inspection time and is non-invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Institute of Human Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Jardri R, Hugdahl K, Hughes M, Brunelin J, Waters F, Alderson-Day B, Smailes D, Sterzer P, Corlett PR, Leptourgos P, Debbané M, Cachia A, Denève S. Are Hallucinations Due to an Imbalance Between Excitatory and Inhibitory Influences on the Brain? Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1124-34. [PMID: 27261492 PMCID: PMC4988749 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review from the International Consortium on Hallucinations Research intends to question the pertinence of the excitatory-to-inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis as a model for hallucinations. A large number of studies suggest that subtle impairments of the E/I balance are involved in neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia. Emerging evidence also points to a role of the E/I balance in maintaining stable perceptual representations, suggesting it may be a plausible model for hallucinations. In support, hallucinations have been linked to inhibitory deficits as shown with impairment of gamma-aminobutyric acid transmission, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor plasticity, reductions in gamma-frequency oscillations, hyperactivity in sensory cortices, and cognitive inhibition deficits. However, the mechanisms by which E/I dysfunctions at the cellular level might relate to clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits remain unclear. Given recent data advances in the field of clinical neuroscience, it is now possible to conduct a synthesis of available data specifically related to hallucinations. These findings are integrated with the latest computational frameworks of hallucinations, and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, SCALab (psyCHIC Team) & CHU Lille, Psychiatry Department (CURE), Lille, France;
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen; Department of Radiology, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Brain & Psychological Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028 & CNRS 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (ΨR2 Team), Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Flavie Waters
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, and Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Health Campus, North Metropolitan Area Health Service Mental Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Dave Smailes
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universtätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip R Corlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Pantelis Leptourgos
- Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Institute of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Éducation de l'Enfant, UMR 8240, CNRS & Université Paris-Descartes (Sorbonne-Paris-Cité), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Denève
- Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Institute of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
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Huang H, Ya J, Wu Z, Wen C, Zheng S, Tian C, Ren H, Carlson S, Yu H, Chen F, Jianhong W. Dose-Dependent Changes in Auditory Sensory Gating in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Cynomolgus Monkey. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1752-60. [PMID: 27218151 PMCID: PMC4920095 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating, often described as the ability to filter out irrelevant information that is repeated in close temporal proximity, is essential for the selection, processing, and storage of more salient information. This study aimed to test the effect of sensory gating under anesthesia in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys following injection of bromocriptine, haloperidol, and phencyclidine (PCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used an auditory evoked potential that can be elicited by sound to examine sensory gating during treatment with haloperidol, bromocriptine, and PCP in the PFC in the cynomolgus monkey. Scalp electrodes were located in the bilateral PFC and bilateral temporal, bilateral parietal, and occipital lobes. Administration of bromocriptine (0.313 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, and 1.25 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.001 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, and 0.05 mg/kg), and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist PCP (0.3 mg/kg) influenced sensory gating. RESULTS We demonstrated the following: (1) Administration of mid-dose bromocriptine disrupted sensory gating (N100) in the right temporal lobe, while neither low-dose nor high-dose bromocriptine impaired gating. (2) Low-dose haloperidol impaired gating in the right prefrontal cortex. Mid-dose haloperidol disrupted sensory gating in left occipital lobe. High-dose haloperidol had no obvious effect on sensory gating. (3) Gating was impaired by PCP in the left parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Our studies showed that information processing was regulated by the dopaminergic system, which might play an important role in the PFC. The dopaminergic system influenced sensory gating in a dose- and region-dependent pattern, which might modulate the different stages that receive further processing due to novel information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinrong Ya
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chunmei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chaoyang Tian
- , Hainan Jingang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Jianhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Upthegrove R, Broome MR, Caldwell K, Ives J, Oyebode F, Wood SJ. Understanding auditory verbal hallucinations: a systematic review of current evidence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:352-67. [PMID: 26661730 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are core features of psychotic illness and remain significant in predicting poor outcome and risk. There has been a wide range of approaches to understanding these experiences. METHOD A systematic literature review summarizing different methods of investigation and their results; phenomenology, descriptive psychopathology, psychological, cognitive neurobiology, and neuroimaging. RESULTS A number of 764 papers and texts were screened and 113 reviewed. Phenomenological studies are comparably few in number, and psychopathology remains based on concepts defined in the early 20th century. Psychological models focus on voice content and emotional reaction, and suggest a continuum of AVHs from normal experience. Neuropsychological models include AVHs as misattribution of inner speech, whilst functional neuroimaging studies focus on the spontaneous activity and connectivity of auditory networks. CONCLUSION There has been a large growth in research on AVHs in recent decades dominated by neurobiological and neuroimaging studies. Future research should include focus on phenomenological aspects and AVHs change over the course of developing illness. Integration between branches of enquiry is needed, and the risk is that without this, models are proposed and investigated that bear scant relevance to the symptom itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Upthegrove
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M R Broome
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - K Caldwell
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Ives
- Medicine, Ethics, Society and History, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Oyebode
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S J Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Keil J, Roa Romero Y, Balz J, Henjes M, Senkowski D. Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Relate to Distinct Oscillatory Signatures of Sensory Gating. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:104. [PMID: 27014035 PMCID: PMC4789458 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory activity in neural populations and temporal synchronization within these populations are important mechanisms contributing to perception and cognition. In schizophrenia, perception and cognition are impaired. Aberrant gating of irrelevant sensory information, which has been related to altered oscillatory neural activity, presumably contributes to these impairments. However, the link between schizophrenia symptoms and sensory gating deficits, as reflected in oscillatory activity, is not clear. In this electroencephalography study, we used a paired-stimulus paradigm to investigate frequency-resolved oscillatory activity in 22 schizophrenia patients and 22 healthy controls. We found sensory gating deficits in patients compared to controls, as reflected in reduced gamma-band power and alpha-band phase synchrony difference between the first and the second auditory stimulus. We correlated these markers of neural activity with a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Gamma-band power sensory gating was positively correlated with positive symptoms. Moreover, alpha-band phase synchrony sensory gating was negatively correlated with negative symptoms. A cluster analysis revealed three schizophrenia phenotypes, characterized by (i) aberrant gamma-band power and high positive symptoms, (ii) aberrant alpha-band phase synchrony, low positive, and low negative symptom scores or (iii) by intact sensory gating and high negative symptoms. Our study demonstrates that aberrant neural synchronization, as reflected in gamma-band power and alpha-band phase synchrony, relates to the schizophrenia psychopathology. Different schizophrenia phenotypes express distinct levels of positive and negative symptoms as well as varying degrees of aberrant oscillatory neural activity. Identifying the individual phenotype might improve therapeutic interventions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Keil
- Multisensory Integration Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Yadira Roa Romero
- Multisensory Integration Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Balz
- Multisensory Integration Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Melissa Henjes
- Multisensory Integration Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Senkowski
- Multisensory Integration Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Le Duc J, Fournier P, Hébert S. Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition and Startle Reflex by Emotions: A Comparison between Young and Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:33. [PMID: 26941643 PMCID: PMC4763063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether or not the acoustic startle response and sensorimotor gating may be modulated by emotions differentially between young and older adults. Two groups of participants (mean age Young: 24 years old; Elderly: 63.6 years old) were presented with three types of auditory stimuli (Startle alone, High or Low frequency Prepulse) while viewing pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant images. Electromyographic activity of the eyeblink response was measured. Results show that older adults displayed diminished eyeblink responses whereas younger adults displayed enhanced eyeblink responses when viewing negative images. Sensorimotor gating also differed between young and older adults, with enhanced sensorimotor gating abilities while viewing positive pictures in older adults and diminished abilities while viewing negative pictures among younger adults. These results argue in favor of a differential emotional influence on the sensorimotor abilities of young and older adults, with a positivity bias among the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyanne Le Duc
- School of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; BRAMS, International Laboratory for Research on Brain, Music, and Sound, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; CRIUGM, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fournier
- School of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; BRAMS, International Laboratory for Research on Brain, Music, and Sound, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; CRIUGM, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Hébert
- School of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; BRAMS, International Laboratory for Research on Brain, Music, and Sound, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; CRIUGM, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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Griskova-Bulanova I, Hubl D, van Swam C, Dierks T, Koenig T. Early- and late-latency gamma auditory steady-state response in schizophrenia during closed eyes: Does hallucination status matter? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2214-21. [PMID: 27072092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory steady-state responses are larger in patients experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) than in never hallucinating subjects (NH) when recorded with open eyes. Compensatory effects were shown for schizophrenic patients when recorded with closed eyes. This effect has not been evaluated in respect to hallucination status. METHODS Gamma responses to 40Hz stimulation were recorded in 15AVH patients, 25 healthy controls and 11NH patients with closed eyes. Mean and peak evoked amplitude and phase-locking index, peak time and maximal frequency were extracted for early- and late-latency responses and compared between groups. RESULTS Phase-locking of early, but not late-latency gamma was diminished in schizophrenic patients independently on hallucination status. Peak entrainment time was delayed in hallucinating patients. Magnitude and frequency of early-latency response correlated to negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In AVH patients, entrainment at gamma frequency was "normal" when eyes were closed. In contrast to never hallucinating subjects, entrainment to stimulation was delayed in AVH. The early-latency gamma response, standing for early sensory stimulus processing, on the contrary, was impaired in SZ irrespective of prevalence of hallucinations and was not modulated by subjects' general state; however its magnitude might be related to the expression of negative symptomatology. SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of auditory entrainment in both open eyes and closed eyes conditions is informative. Frequency and timing information of both early-latency and late-latency responses helps to uncover different aspects of impairment in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Daniela Hubl
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia van Swam
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Does sensory gating have a protective effect against hallucinatory behavior in schizophrenia? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1746-1748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nair AK, Sasidharan A, John JP, Mehrotra S, Kutty BM. Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic: A Novel Approach to Simultaneous Acquisition of Multiple ERPs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:1. [PMID: 26858586 PMCID: PMC4731489 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the development of a neurocognitive paradigm: “Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic” (ANGEL), for performing the parametric evaluation of multiple neurocognitive functions simultaneously. ANGEL employs an audiovisual sensory motor design for the acquisition of multiple event related potentials (ERPs)—the C1, P50, MMN, N1, N170, P2, N2pc, LRP, P300, and ERN. The ANGEL paradigm allows assessment of 10 neurocognitive variables over the course of three “game” levels of increasing complexity ranging from simple passive observation to complex discrimination and response in the presence of multiple distractors. The paradigm allows assessment of several levels of rapid decision making: speeded up response vs. response-inhibition; responses to easy vs. difficult tasks; responses based on gestalt perception of clear vs. ambiguous stimuli; and finally, responses with set shifting during challenging tasks. The paradigm has been tested using 18 healthy participants from both sexes and the possibilities of varied data analyses have been presented in this paper. The ANGEL approach provides an ecologically valid assessment (as compared to existing tools) that quickly yields a very rich dataset and helps to assess multiple ERPs that can be studied extensively to assess cognitive functions in health and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Nair
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India; Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India
| | - Arun Sasidharan
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India; Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India
| | - John P John
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro SciencesBengaluru, India
| | - Seema Mehrotra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu M Kutty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru, India
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Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:23-78. [PMID: 26472525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with by severe disruptions in thought, cognition, emotion, and behavior. Patients show a marked increase in rates of smoking and nicotine dependence relative to nonaffected individuals, a finding commonly ascribed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated improvement in patients following the administration of nicotine. Such findings have led to an increased emphasis on the development of therapeutic agents to target the nicotinic system as well as increasing the impetus to understand the genetic basis for nicotinic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The goal of this review article is to provide a critical summary of evidence for the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. The first part will review the role of nicotine in normalization of primary dysfunctions and endophenotypical changes found in schizophrenia. The second part will provide a summary of genetic evidence linking polymorphisms in nicotinic receptor genes to smoking and schizophrenia. The third part will summarize attempts to treat schizophrenia using agents specifically targeting nicotinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes. Although currently available antipsychotic treatments are generally able to manage some aspects of schizophrenia (e.g., positive symptoms) they fail to address several other critically effected aspects of the disease. As such, the search for novel mechanisms to treat this disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tomimatsu Y, Hibino R, Ohta H. Brown Norway rats, a putative schizophrenia model, show increased electroencephalographic activity at rest and decreased event-related potential amplitude, power, and coherence in the auditory sensory gating paradigm. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:171-7. [PMID: 26004687 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent schizophrenia clinical research, electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillatory activities induced by a sensory stimulus or behavioral tasks have gained considerable interest as functional and pathophysiological biomarkers. The Brown Norway (BN) rat is a putative schizophrenia model that shows naturally low sensorimotor gating and deficits in cognitive performance, although other phenotypes have not been studied. The present study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological features of BN rats, particularly EEG/event-related potential (ERP). EEG activity was recorded at rest and during the auditory sensory gating paradigm under an awake, freely moving condition. Frequency and ERP analysis were performed along with time-frequency analysis of evoked power and intertrial coherence. Compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats, a well-documented control line, BN rats showed increased EEG power at rest, particularly in the theta and gamma ranges. In ERP analysis, BN rats showed reduced N40-P20 amplitude but normal sensory gating. The rats also showed reduced evoked power and intertrial coherence against auditory stimuli. These results suggest that BN rats show features of EEG/ERP measures clinically relevant to schizophrenia and may provide additional opportunities for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tomimatsu
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Hibino
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
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