1
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Sarngadharan C MAKV, DCunha AR, Rai SB, Prasad K, Ail D. Masquerading fungal bowel mass in an adolescent: a clinicopathological challenge. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258081. [PMID: 38471698 PMCID: PMC10936497 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal masses clubbed with weight loss in the paediatric age group can raise hairs, especially since malignancy is a differential. We present the case of an early adolescent male who presented with abdominal pain and was found to have a mass mimicking a malignancy. The resected surgical specimen revealed entomophthoromycosis of the jejunum and he made a complete recovery following surgery and adjuvant itraconazole. The diagnosis of a fungal aetiology in these cases requires a high index of suspicion and background knowledge of the risk factors, disease occurrence and mode of presentation. Gastrointestinal entomophthoromycosis has an impressive potential for cure if promptly diagnosed and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aureen Ruby DCunha
- Pediatric Surgery, NITTE KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep B Rai
- Pediatric Surgery, NITTE KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishan Prasad
- Pathology, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Ail
- Pathology, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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2
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Kasemsuk N, Suwanwech T, Assanasen P. Clinical characteristics of 5 adult patients with rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis in Thailand. Med Mycol Case Rep 2024; 43:100616. [PMID: 38162193 PMCID: PMC10755528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Five patients [mean age: 36 years (range: 22-65)] were diagnosed with rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis at our center during the study period. All patients presented with painless cheek and nasal dorsum swelling with nasal obstruction. All pathology reports confirmed rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis, which is characterized by the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Conidiobolus coronatus was identified from fungal culture in all patients. All patients were successfully treated with various antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navarat Kasemsuk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Triphoom Suwanwech
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Paraya Assanasen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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3
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Al Yazidi L, Al Sinani S, Al Adawi B, Al Riyami M, Wali Y, Al Rawas A, Al Musalhi B, Meis JF, Al Housni S, Al-Harrasi A, Al Hatmi AMS. Disseminated Basidiobolomycosis Caused by Basidiobolus omanensis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:12. [PMID: 38231359 PMCID: PMC10794288 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by the genus Basidiobolus. In immunocompetent children, it usually causes cutaneous infection and rarely affects the gastrointestinal tract, and it is extremely rare for the disease to spread. The present study reports the first case of disseminated basidiobolomycosis caused by Basidiobolus omanensis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who died as a result of uncontrolled infection and multi-organ failure despite surgical and antifungal therapy with L-AMB and voriconazole. A review of the literature yielded 76 cases, including the current case with the majority of which were reported as invasive gastrointestinal infection. The median age was 4 years (61 male and 15 female) and the majority of these children were from the Middle East (80%), specifically Saudi Arabia (45%). Most patients were treated with systemic antifungal agents (mostly itraconazole and amphotericin B). Surgical intervention was done in 25% of these patients and the death rate was 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Badriya Al Adawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al Riyami
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yasser Wali
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Buthaina Al Musalhi
- Department of Family Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saif Al Housni
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdullah M S Al Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
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4
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Walsh TJ, Alastruey-Izquierdo A. A view of excellence for the future of medical mycology in Clinical Microbiology and Infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:1-3. [PMID: 37678508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Walsh
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Venkataramana CG, Rama Krishna Reddy MM, Kalbavi HR, Joseph JA. Subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis masquerading as soft tissue neoplasm in breastfeeding mother. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e255623. [PMID: 37640413 PMCID: PMC10462957 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis is an infection caused by saprophytic, ubiquitous and highly opportunistic fungal pathogens. Individuals with immune disorders are frequently susceptible to these infections. Entomophthoromycosis is a rare fungal infection that primarily affects children andmen, and is known to cause infection in healthy individuals. Diagnosis of the disease is by demonstration of fungal elements using special stains, and the disease responds well to oral antifungal agents. Long-term antifungal agents reduce the need for surgical intervention when the disease presents as a mass. We report a case of an immunocompetent nursing mother in her 20s who presented with a soft tissue mass in her right arm. It was diagnosed as subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis and treated with long-term fluconazole. The lesion showed a significant reduction in size following treatment for 2 months. Subcutaneous fungal infection presenting as a mass-forming lesion in extremities may mimic a neoplasm. Fungal infection should be ruled out in inflammatory cell-rich lesions seen on histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harish Rao Kalbavi
- General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Joel Abraham Joseph
- Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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6
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Kaczmarek A, Wrońska AK, Boguś MI. The Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology and Physiology Accompanying Apoptosis in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) Immunocompetent Cells during Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales) Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10169. [PMID: 37373316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been shown to play an important role in apoptosis using mammalian cell lines. However, their role in insects is not fully understood; thus, more indepth studies of insect cell apoptosis are necessary. The present study investigates mitochondrial involvement during Conidiobolus coronatus-induced apoptosis in Galleria mellonella hemocytes. Previous research has shown that fungal infection could induce apoptosis in insect hemocytes. Our findings indicate that mitochondria undergo several morphological and physiological changes during fungal infection, e.g., loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, megachannel formation, disturbances in intracellular respiration, increased nonrespiratory oxygen consumption in mitochondria, decreased ATP-coupled oxygen consumption and increased non-ATP-coupled oxygen consumption, decreased extracellular and intracellular oxygen consumption, and increased extracellular pH. Our findings confirm that G. mellonella immunocompetent cells demonstrate Ca2+ overload in mitochondria, translocation of cytochrome c-like protein from mitochondrial to cytosol fraction, and higher activation of caspase-9-like protein after C. coronatus infection. Most importantly, several of the changes observed in insect mitochondria are similar to those accompanying apoptosis in mammalian cells, suggesting that the process is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland
- Biomibo, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Meeralam Y, Alsulami H, Aljoaid AM, Khayat M, Zahrani S, Khairo M, Alotaibi S. Basidiobolomycosis Mimicking Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Case Report From Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e37981. [PMID: 37223202 PMCID: PMC10202126 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare, emerging fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum, which requires a high index of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis and management. It is prevalent in hot and humid regions, and its clinical manifestations may mimic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), malignancy, and tuberculosis (TB). This often results in the disease being missed or incorrectly diagnosed. We present the case of a 58-year-old female patient from the southern region of Saudi Arabia who presented with persistent non-bloody diarrhea for four weeks and was found to have GIB. This condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. The optimal therapeutic strategy for managing this rare infection has not yet been established. Most patients described in the literature have received a combination of pharmaceutical and surgical therapy. Including GIB in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders that do not fit the diagnosis may help with its early diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Meeralam
- Digestive and Liver Health Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Hajar Alsulami
- Digestive and Liver Health Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Anas M Aljoaid
- Internal Medicine, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, SAU
| | | | - Saad Zahrani
- Digestive and Liver Health Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Mutaz Khairo
- Radiology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Salem Alotaibi
- Digestive and Liver Health Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
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8
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Kadhirvelu HK, S M, Ramakrishnan R, Premamalini T. Subcutaneous zygomycosis in an immunocompetent patient caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253515. [PMID: 36604110 PMCID: PMC9827185 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zygomycosis is a fungal infection in humans caused by orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales. The incidence of Mucorales causing mucormycosis is on a rise and is well documented, whereas Entomophthorales is rare. Among Entomophthorales, infections caused by Conidiobolus are more common than Basidiobolus Here we present a case of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis in a female patient. The patient had hyperpigmentation in the thigh region for 6 months and serous discharge for 4 months. All initial findings suggested the inflammatory stage of morphea. Differential diagnoses of granuloma annulare, malignant melanoma and morphea were considered radiologically. A good suspicion of fungal aetiology by the dermatologist led to an appropriate diagnosis of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis based on fungal culture and histopathological examination. Based on macroscopic and microscopic findings, the causative organism was confirmed to be Basidiobolus ranarum The patient was started on oral potassium iodide and itraconazole and showed a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kadhirvelu
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Murugan S
- Department of Dermatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramya Ramakrishnan
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thayanidhi Premamalini
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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9
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Acosta-España JD, Voigt K. An old confusion: Entomophthoromycosis versus mucormycosis and their main differences. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035100. [PMID: 36406416 PMCID: PMC9670544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases were underestimated for many years. And the global burden of fungal infections is substantial and has increased in recent years. Invasive fungal infections have been linked to several risk factors in humans which basically depend on the individual homeostasis of the patients. However, many fungi can infect even apparently healthy people. Knowledge of these pathogens is critical in reducing or stopping morbidity and/or mortality statistics due to fungal pathogens. Successful therapeutic strategies rely on rapid diagnosis of the causative fungal agent and the underlying disease. However, the terminology of the diseases was updated to existing phylogenetic classifications and led to confusion in the definition of mucormycosis, conidiobolomycosis, and basidiobolomycosis, which were previously grouped under the now-uncommon term zygomycosis. Therefore, the ecological, taxonomic, clinical, and diagnostic differences are addressed to optimize the understanding and definition of these diseases. The term "coenocytic hyphomycosis" is proposed to summarize all fungal infections caused by Mucorales and species of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime David Acosta-España
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany,Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Kerstin Voigt,
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10
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Host and Environmental Sensing by Entomopathogenic Fungi to Infect Hosts. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-022-00185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Colonic basidiobolomycosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:740. [PMID: 36114527 PMCID: PMC9482316 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basidiobolus ranarum belongs to the Entomophthorales order and the Zygomycetes class. This fungus is an environmental saprophyte that can be found in soil and rotting vegetables.Primarily restricted to tropical regions including Asia, Africa, and South America. It might cause chronic inflammatory diseases, mostly affect subcutaneous tissue. Systemic infections involving the gastrointestinal tract are extremely rare. Case presentation Herein, we present a 44-year-old Persian man with the past medical history of lupus erythematosus with colicky abdominal pain started from three months before admission with many vomiting episodes, and a mass on the right lower quadrant, who had been thought initially to have an abdominal malignancy. The patient had vital signs were within normal ranges. His physical examination revealed tenderness and rebound tenderness on the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. A fixed mass 10 × 10 centimeter in diameter was palpated in the same quadrant. Laboratory, radiologic, colonoscopic examination was requested. The patient underwent laparotomy which revealed a mass in the terminal ileum and ascending colon with retroperitoneal adhesion and invasion to the right ureter behind it. Pathologic examination showed basidiobolomycosis infection in the specimen. Conclusion Fungal infection should be among the differential diagnoses for adults present with abdominal mass in endemic regions of the world.
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12
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Claussen M, Schmidt S. Long-Term Monitoring of the Seasonal Abundance of Basidiobolus spp. in Gecko Feces in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090943. [PMID: 36135668 PMCID: PMC9506373 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Basidiobolus is typically associated with ectothermic animals such as amphibians and reptiles. In rare cases, it can cause infections in humans, which are often misdiagnosed. Although usually restricted to tropical and subtropical countries, infections have recently been more frequently reported in hot-dry regions such as Arizona and Saudi Arabia. Reptiles such as geckos are known to shed Basidiobolus spp. via feces and frequently live in close proximity to humans. To establish the frequency and burden of Basidiobolus spp. released by geckos in a suburban location, we regularly quantified viable Basidiobolus units per gram of feces from indoors and outdoors over 3.5 years between 2018 and 2022 using a selective medium. Geckos were shedding Basidiobolus spp. in all seasons, with most counts established ranging between 5.0 and 6.5 log10 cfu per gram. Statistically significant seasonal differences per location were only observed for the outside winter counts and, apparently, correlated to lower temperatures, while inside counts showed no seasonal difference. Overall, counts for droppings collected outdoors were significantly higher than counts for droppings collected indoors. Our data confirm that geckos, which frequently enter homes and are global invaders, are a regular source of this fungus.
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13
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Rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis: An uncommon infection of the subcutaneous tissue. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:710-711. [PMID: 35803472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Archana A, Sinha A, Kokkayil P, Pradhan S, Jha S, Sarfraz A, Pati BK, Thakuria B. Subcutaneous entomophthoramycosis in a child presenting as panniculitis: a case report from Bihar, India. IJID REGIONS 2022; 3:168-170. [PMID: 35755460 PMCID: PMC9216389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article reports a rare case of subcutaneous entomophthoramycosis. The patient was misdiagnosed with non-infective panniculitis, which led to extensive involvement. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed correctly using standard techniques which included KOH wet mount, culture and isolation. Lactophenol cotton blue mount was performed for identification of the organism as Basidiobolus spp. The patient was cured after treatment with itraconazole and potassium iodide.
A 5-year-boy from Bihar, India was admitted to a tertiary care hospital with painful swelling over both lower limbs and buttocks, which had been increasing progressively for the past 1 year. The condition was initially undiagnosed and was later misdiagnosed as non-infective panniculitis, delaying treatment. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with subcutaneous entomophthoramycosis caused by Basidiobolus spp. A preliminary diagnosis was made by considering the history, clinical features, radiological findings and histopathological examination of the biopsied tissue. The confirmatory diagnosis was made using conventional techniques on aspirated pus, which included KOH wet mount and fungal culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar tubes incubated at 28°C and 37°C, respectively. Lactophenol cotton blue mount and slide culture were performed for identification of the fungal isolate. The patient responded well to oral itraconazole and oral potassium iodide. Delayed diagnosis and extensive involvement in a rare case of subcutaneous entomophthoramycosis causing panniculitis emphasizes the importance of correct diagnosis and appropriate, effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Archana
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
| | - Asmita Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
| | - Prathyusha Kokkayil
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar 801507, India. Tel.: +91 8593992711.
| | - Swetalina Pradhan
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
| | - Sweta Jha
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
| | - Asim Sarfraz
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
| | - Binod K. Pati
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Thakuria
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Phulwarisarif, Bihar, India
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15
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Abduh MS, Aldaqal SM, Almaghrabi J, Aljiffry MM, Elbadrawy HA, Alsahafi MA. A Very Rare Basidiobolomycosis Case Presented with Cecal Perforation and Concomitant Hepatic Involvement in an Elderly Male Patient: A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063412. [PMID: 35329103 PMCID: PMC8951099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a case report of Basidiobolomycosis in a 65-year-old male patient from Jizan presenting with colonic perforation and concomitant liver involvement from February 2021 to July 2021. To control the infection, the patient underwent colonic resection and segmental liver resection, as well as three antifungal drugs. The treatment was successful, and the condition was completely resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa S. Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-56802-6868
| | - Saleh M. Aldaqal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Jaudah Almaghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Murad M. Aljiffry
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Hany A. Elbadrawy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Majid A. Alsahafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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16
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Ordoñez-Ortega J, Borbolla-Pertierra AM, Sánchez-Carrillo Y, Costta-Michuy MDLÁ, Mirabal-García M, Luengas-Bautista M, Palacios-Reyes D. Rhino-orbital entomophthoramycosis in pediatric patients: Report of two cases. Med Mycol Case Rep 2022; 36:23-26. [PMID: 35308591 PMCID: PMC8927958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present two cases of entomophthoramycosis in young children, these were the first cases ever diagnosed at our center. Both cases represented a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Surgical treatment was key in the management of both patients. Even though atypical disease was encountered, clinical response was obtained after surgical excision and antifungal treatment for a few months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ordoñez-Ortega
- Infectious Disease Department at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Deborah Palacios-Reyes
- Infectious Disease Department at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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Gupta P, Pilania RK, Kaur H, Rudramurthy SM, Soni R, Batra N, Verma R, Singh S, Chatterjee D. Pediatric case of conidiobolomycosis: A rare entity. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:149-150. [PMID: 34935187 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis caused by Conidiobolus species is an uncommon infection restricted to tropical and subtropical regions, usually affecting immunocompetent individuals. More than half of pediatric cases of conidiobolomycosis across the globe are from India. We report a case of subcutaneous conidiobolomycosis in an adolescent with development delay who responded to combined therapy with itraconazole and saturated solution of potassium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parakriti Gupta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Pilania
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ranu Soni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitya Batra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Roshan Verma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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18
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Basidiobolus omanensis sp. nov. Causing Angioinvasive Abdominal Basidiobolomycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080653. [PMID: 34436192 PMCID: PMC8400364 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infectious fungal diseases are increasing, despite improved hygienic conditions. We present a case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in a 20-year-old male with a history of progressively worsening abdominal pain. The causative agent was identified as a novel Basidiobolus species. Validation of its novelty was established by analysis of the partial ribosomal operon of two isolates from different organs. Phylogeny of ITS and LSU rRNA showed that these isolates belonged to the genus Basidiobolus, positioned closely to B. heterosporus and B. minor. Morphological and physiological data supported the identity of the species, which was named Basidiobolus omanensis, with CBS 146281 as the holotype. The strains showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to fluconazole (>64 µg/mL), itraconazole and voriconazole (>16 µg/mL), anidulafungin and micafungin (>16 µg/mL), but had a low MIC to amphotericin B (1 µg/mL). The pathogenic role of B. omanensis in gastrointestinal disease is discussed. We highlight the crucial role of molecular identification of these rarely encountered opportunistic fungi.
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Immunological Cross-Reactivity of Proteins Extracted from the Oomycete Pythium insidiosum and the Fungus Basidiobolus ranarum Compromises the Detection Specificity of Immunodiagnostic Assays for Pythiosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060474. [PMID: 34208304 PMCID: PMC8231275 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis, a life-threatening disease caused by Pythium insidiosum, has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. A recently developed immunochromatographic test (ICT) enables the rapid diagnosis of pythiosis. During the 3-year clinical implementation of ICT in Thailand, we collected the laboratory reports of 38 animals with suspected pythiosis and detected ICT false-positive results in three horses and a dog with basidiobolomycosis. P. insidiosum and Basidiobolus ranarum cause infections with indistinguishable clinical and microscopic features. This study investigated cross-reactive antibodies by probing P. insidiosum and B. ranarum crude extracts and cell-free synthesized I06 protein (encoded in P. insidiosum genome, not other fungi) against a panel of pythiosis, basidiobolomycosis, rabbit anti-I06 peptide, and control sera by Western blot analyses. ICT false-positive results occurred from the cross-reactivity of anti-B. ranarum antibodies to the 15, 50, 60, and 120 kDa proteins of P. insidiosum, not double infections caused by both pathogens. Notably, ICT could help to screen pythiosis, and the positive test requires confirmation by culture or molecular method. The detection specificity of ICT requires improvement. The crude extract containing multispecies antigens needs replacement with a refined P. insidiosum-specific protein. We proposed that the 55 kDa I06 protein is an excellent candidate for developing a more specific serodiagnostic test for pythiosis.
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ye J, Yan D. Rhino-orbital Entomophthoromycosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 108:522-523. [PMID: 34091002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Danqing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.
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21
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A rare case of condiobolomycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus presenting with dysphagia. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:558-560. [PMID: 33892974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a neglected tropical fungal infection involving the head and neck region. Here we report the first case of atypical conidiobolomycosis presenting with dysphagia and significant weight loss from Odisha, India. It was diagnosed by histopathology and fungal culture and was suscessfully treated with saturated solution of potassium iodide.
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22
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Yeoh DK, Saunders T, Butters C, Burgner D, Bryant PA, Cain TM, Ng J, Gwee A, Daley AJ, Cole T, Curtis N, Harrison J, Osowicki J. Refractory thoracic conidiobolomycosis treated with mepolizumab immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2527-2530.e6. [PMID: 33601049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Yeoh
- Infectious Diseases Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Thomas Saunders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coen Butters
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy M Cain
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Ng
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Gwee
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Microbiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theresa Cole
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Harrison
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Osowicki
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Jaffey JA, Hostnik ET, Hoffman AR, Jay M, Ferguson SH, Wiederhold NP. Case Report: Successful Management of Conidiobolus Lamprauges Rhinitis in a Dog. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633695. [PMID: 33614770 PMCID: PMC7892434 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case of Conidiobolus lamprauges rhinitis in a Goldendoodle, that was presented for evaluation of sneezing, coughing, lethargy, as well as right-sided epistaxis and clear ocular discharge. Computed tomography revealed a large amount of soft tissue within the right nasal passage that obscured the osseous turbinates from the right maxillary canine tooth to the right side of the choanae. Biopsies revealed eosinophilic granulomas with variable number of basophilic to negatively staining, septate, fungal hyphae with non-parallel walls and irregular branching that were subsequently determined to be Conidiobolus lamprauges via panfungal PCR and sequencing. Complete and sustained resolution of clinical disease was achieved after 75 days of systemic antifungal therapy. This report describes for the first time, important clinical features of a dog with nasal conidiobolomycosis that will facilitate its recognition, prognostication, and treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Eric T. Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maureen Jay
- Department of Surgery, Animal Medical & Surgical Center, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Sylvia H. Ferguson
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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24
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Claussen M, Schmidt S. Differentiation of Basidiobolus spp. Isolates: RFLP of a Diagnostic PCR Amplicon Matches Sequence-Based Classification and Growth Temperature Preferences. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:110. [PMID: 33546095 PMCID: PMC7913143 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Basidiobolus, known since 1886, is primarily associated with reptiles and amphibians. Although globally distributed, rare infections caused by members of this genus mainly occur in tropical and subtropical regions. Morphological and physiological characteristics were used in the past for the description of species. However, some of these characteristics vary depending on culture conditions. Therefore, most species names are regarded as synonyms of B. ranarum as the only pathogenic species. Yet, not all environmental isolates are necessarily pathogenic. This study aimed to analyze if environmental Basidiobolus isolates can be distinguished reliably based on morpho-physiological and molecular characteristics. Eleven isolates originally obtained from feces of south African reptiles and one type strain, Basidiobolus microsporus DSM 3120, were examined morpho-physiologically. Sequence analysis of the 18S and partial 28S rRNA gene and restriction analysis of a diagnostic amplicon (restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP) were performed for all 12 strains. Based on the results obtained, morphological features and the 18S rRNA sequence proved insufficient for the reliable differentiation of isolates. However, isolates were distinguishable by growth temperature profiles, which matched isolate clusters established by partial 28S rRNA gene sequence and restriction analysis of a Basidiobolus specific diagnostic PCR amplicon. Our results indicate that RFLP analysis can be used as a fast screening method to identify Basidiobolus isolates with similar physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Claussen
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa;
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25
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Zhou YB, Li DM, Houbraken J, Sun TT, de Hoog GS. Fatal Rhinofacial Mycosis Due to Aspergillus nomiae: Case Report and Review of Published Literature. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:595375. [PMID: 33414771 PMCID: PMC7782315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A 73-year-old female suffering from acute myeloid leukemia presented with progressive rhinofacial mycosis. Suspecting it to be mucormycosis, the antifungal amphotericin B (AMB) was administered empirically, but the patient did not respond as planned. The fungus was then isolated from the biopsied tissue and morphologically identified as a species of Aspergillus. Necrosis progressed and she died of cerebral hemorrhage. Since Aspergillus flavus is susceptible to AMB, and several other Aspergillus species can be misidentified as A. flavus, the observed resistance necessitated a re-examination of the fungal isolate. Methods The fungal strain was re-isolated and re-examined morphologically. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from the fungus and sequences were obtained from three genomic regions [the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and portions of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes] to more accurately identify this Aspergillus strain. Its antifungal susceptibility was assessed using multiple compounds and our findings were compared with literature data. Results The fungal culture again yielded an Aspergillus isolate morphologically identical to A. flavus. Molecular analyses, however, revealed the strain to be A. nomiae, a close relative of A. flavus in section Flavi, and it exhibited resistance to AMB. Reviewing the literature, only five other cases of A. nomiae infection in humans have been reported worldwide. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The rhinofacial mycosis of the patient was actually due to A. nomiae. The initial misidentification of the fungus, coupled with its resistance to AMB, could be the reason treatment did not help the patient. We postulate that clinical A. nomiae infections may be underreported and that accurate and speedy pathogen identification is important so that an effective antifungal regimen can be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Bin Zhou
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Ming Li
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ting Ting Sun
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Johnson PJ, Townsend KS, Martin LM. Beyond conidiobolomycosis – the other ‘zygomycoses’. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Columbia Missouri USA
| | - K. S. Townsend
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Columbia Missouri USA
| | - L. M. Martin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Columbia Missouri USA
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27
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Carmo PMSD, Uzal FA, Pedroso PMO, Riet-Correa F. Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:826-834. [PMID: 32921278 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720958338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Silva do Carmo
- Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural (CSTR), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA
| | - Pedro M O Pedroso
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Nacional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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Stavropoulou E, Coste AT, Beigelman-Aubry C, Letovanec I, Spertini O, Lovis A, Krueger T, Burger R, Bochud PY, Lamoth F. Conidiobolus pachyzygosporus invasive pulmonary infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:527. [PMID: 32698804 PMCID: PMC7374966 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conidiobolus spp. (mainly C. coronatus) are the causal agents of rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, a limited soft tissue infection, which is essentially observed in immunocompetent individuals from tropical areas. Rare cases of invasive conidiobolomycosis due to C. coronatus or other species (C.incongruus, C.lamprauges) have been reported in immunocompromised patients. We report here the first case of invasive pulmonary fungal infection due to Conidiobolus pachyzygosporus in a Swiss patient with onco-haematologic malignancy. Case presentation A 71 year-old female was admitted in a Swiss hospital for induction chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. A chest CT performed during the neutropenic phase identified three well-circumscribed lung lesions consistent with invasive fungal infection, along with a positive 1,3-beta-d-glucan assay in serum. A transbronchial biopsy of the lung lesions revealed large occasionally septate hyphae. A Conidiobolus spp. was detected by direct 18S rDNA in the tissue biopsy and subsequently identified at species level as C. pachyzygosporus by 28S rDNA sequencing. The infection was cured after isavuconazole therapy, recovery of the immune system and surgical resection of lung lesions. Conclusions This is the first description of C. pachyzygosporus as human pathogen and second case report of invasive conidiobolomycosis from a European country.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stavropoulou
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A T Coste
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Laboratories, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Beigelman-Aubry
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Letovanec
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Spertini
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Lovis
- Service of pneumology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Krueger
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Burger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Y Bochud
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Lamoth
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Institute of Microbiology, Department of Laboratories, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Marclay M, Langohr IM, Gaschen FP, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Carossino M, Stewart MA, Myers AN, Grooters AM. Colorectal basidiobolomycosis in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2091-2095. [PMID: 32681715 PMCID: PMC7517509 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7‐year‐old castrated male French Bulldog was examined for chronic large intestinal enteropathy. A colonic mass and thickened rectal mucosa were identified, and histopathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens disclosed eosinophilic proctitis with large (5‐20 μm), irregularly shaped, pauciseptate hyphae that were Gomori methenamine silver and periodic acid‐Schiff positive. Amplification and sequencing of ribosomal DNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded tissues yielded a sequence with 97% identity to GenBank sequences for Basidiobolus ranarum. After itraconazole, terbinafine, and prednisone administration, clinical signs resolved rapidly, and sonographic lesions were largely absent after 6 weeks. Treatment was discontinued by the owner 15 weeks after diagnosis. Three weeks later, the dog collapsed acutely and was euthanized. Necropsy identified metastatic islet cell carcinoma and grossly unremarkable colorectal tissues. However, histopathology of the rectum disclosed multifocal submucosal granulomas with intralesional hyphae morphologically similar to those previously observed. This report is the first to describe medical treatment of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Marclay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frederic P Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mathew A Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alexandra N Myers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Amy M Grooters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Chaiyasate S, Salee P, Sukapan K, Teeranoraseth T, Roongrotwattanasiri K. Rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis case series, the unusual cause of facial swelling. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 57:41-45. [PMID: 32714524 PMCID: PMC7369423 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis is a specific fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is considered as a rare and neglected disease in tropical and subtropical areas. We would like to present our cases to aid other physicians in the improved recognition of typical cases. Materials and methods A retrospective review was performed on patients with the diagnosis of Conidiobolomycosis or Entomophthoramycosis in Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, from January 2009 to May 2019. There were seven cases with a definite pathologic report or culture in this review. Results All seven patients were men and were referred to the university hospital for diagnosis. The mean age was 53 ± 15.7, ranging from 27 to 71 years. Most of the patients (85.7%) presented first with nasal or rhinofacial swelling and nasal obstruction. The definite diagnosis came from clinical presentation and investigation with a tissue biopsy, culture and communication among physicians. Patients responded well with a combination of medical treatment, including potassium iodide (KI), co-trimoxazole, or itraconazole. Conclusion Rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis or Conidiobolomycosis typically can be diagnosed under a suspicious clinical presentation. The obvious clinical response can be seen within several weeks after medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisawat Chaiyasate
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parichat Salee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Sukapan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tanyathorn Teeranoraseth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Hung TY, Taylor B, Lim A, Baird R, Francis JR, Lynar S. Skin and soft tissue infection caused by Basidiobolus spp. in Australia. IDCases 2020; 20:e00731. [PMID: 32215254 PMCID: PMC7090362 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the order Entomophthorales are rare but well recognized cause of tropical fungal infection, typically causing subcutaneous truncal or limb lesions in immunocompetent hosts. They may also mimic malignancy by causing intrabdominal mass, sometimes resulting in obstructive gastrointestinal or renal presentations. A 4-year-old female presented with a progressively growing abdominal wall lesion over several months, developing into acute inflammation of the abdominal wall with systemic symptoms. She underwent surgical debridement and fungal culture of subcutaneous tissue was positive for Basidiobolus spp with characteristic histopathological findings. Treatment with voriconazole followed by itraconazole over a total duration of 6 weeks led to complete resolution. Basidiobolus spp is an unusual cause of infection with characteristic mycological and histopathological findings. Infection can present in a number of ways ranging from a slow-growing mass in the subcutaneous soft tissue to an invasive mass in the gastrointestinal tract. Identification of its unique beak-like zygospore and Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon on histopathological specimens can be pathognomonic and could provide the key to early diagnosis. Review of the literature found that timely diagnosis and commencement of antifungal therapy can be curative with or without surgical treatment. Considering the rarity of this tropical infection, this case provides the opportunity for revision of the typical presentations and diagnostic findings of Basidiobolus spp. With early recognition and suitable treatment, outcomes are generally favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yu Hung
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive Tiwi, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Brooke Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive Tiwi, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Aijye Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Robert Baird
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive Tiwi, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Sarah Lynar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
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Wankhade AB, Patro P, Arora RD, Nagarkar NM. Nasofacial rhinoentomophthoramycosis: A report of two cases from Central India. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:S124-S127. [PMID: 32189920 PMCID: PMC7069134 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_356_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoentomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus is a rare, chronic, granulomatous disease, occurring mainly in tropical countries including India. We report two cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis in an 18-year-old female and a farmer of 35 years residents of Chhattisgarh shifted from Madhya Pradesh and Orrisa. It was diagnosed by microscopy and isolation C. coronatus in culture. The patient presented with a swollen nose with obstruction that had progressed slowly over 1 year. His nasal swelling was bilateral, diffuse, mildly tender, erythematous, nonpitting, with mucosal crusting and hypertrophy of inferior turbinates but no regional lymphadenopathy. Culture of tissue from the nasal biopsy on sabouraud dextrose agar yielded multiple colonies of a mold with satellite smaller colonies at periphery. The isolate demonstrated the macroscopic and microscopic morphologic characteristics of C. coronatus. The patients were earlier treated with itraconazole or its combination with potassium iodide and the patients were treated successfully with amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ripu Daman Arora
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nitin M Nagarkar
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Sharma A, Saxena R, Sinha A, Singh S, Yadav T. Disseminated Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in an infant from Western India. Med Mycol Case Rep 2019; 26:38-41. [PMID: 31667059 PMCID: PMC6812021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is an infection due to the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum, an environmental saprophyte found worldwide. We are reporting youngest case of Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in a two month old boy from India. He presented with a mass in right iliac fossa with the signs of intestinal obstruction. Histopathology of the lesion showed broad aseptate hyphae. It disseminated to kidneys. Aspirate culture from nephrostomy yielded growth of B. ranarum. It is important to differentiate it from mucormycosis to institute right therapy. Culture remains the gold standard for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Rahul Saxena
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Arvind Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Shambhavi Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Taruna Yadav
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
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Abstract
The endemic mycoses are a group of infections caused by fungi with a distinct geographic distribution, defined by climatic and environmental conditions. The systemic endemic mycoses, namely histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, talaromycosis, coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis, occur after the inhalation of fungal spores. The cutaneous endemic mycoses, including sporotrichosis, mycetoma, entomophthoramycosis and chromoblastomycosis, enter the host via traumatic inoculation of the skin. Clinical presentation varies between these relatively heterogeneous infections, as does the susceptibility of immunosuppressed patients to disease. An understanding of the geographic range, typical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment of the endemic mycoses is key in assessing patients presenting with atypical infections who may have traveled to endemic areas.
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Nibert ML, Debat HJ, Manny AR, Grigoriev IV, De Fine Licht HH. Mitovirus and Mitochondrial Coding Sequences from Basal Fungus Entomophthora muscae. Viruses 2019; 11:E351. [PMID: 30999558 PMCID: PMC6520771 DOI: 10.3390/v11040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi constituting the Entomophthora muscae species complex (members of subphylum Entomophthoromycotina, phylum Zoopagamycota) commonly kill their insect hosts and manipulate host behaviors in the process. In this study, we made use of public transcriptome data to identify and characterize eight new species of mitoviruses associated with several different E. muscae isolates. Mitoviruses are simple RNA viruses that replicate in host mitochondria and are frequently found in more phylogenetically apical fungi (members of subphylum Glomeromyoctina, phylum Mucoromycota, phylum Basidiomycota and phylum Ascomycota) as well as in plants. E. muscae is the first fungus from phylum Zoopagomycota, and thereby the most phylogenetically basal fungus, found to harbor mitoviruses to date. Multiple UGA (Trp) codons are found not only in each of the new mitovirus sequences from E. muscae but also in mitochondrial core-gene coding sequences newly assembled from E. muscae transcriptome data, suggesting that UGA (Trp) is not a rarely used codon in the mitochondria of this fungus. The presence of mitoviruses in these basal fungi has possible implications for the evolution of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Nibert
- Department of Microbiology and Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Humberto J Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina.
| | - Austin R Manny
- Department of Microbiology and Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Henrik H De Fine Licht
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Kamat D, Razmi T M, Kaur H, Gupta K, Vinay K. Use of potassium iodide in deep mycosis. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12819. [PMID: 30637881 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kamat
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Muhammed Razmi T
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Derpartment of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshavamurthy Vinay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pestana J, Carmo A, Ribeiro JC, Tomé R. Chronic invasive rhinosinusitis by Conidiobolus coronatus, an emerging microorganism. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:67-70. [PMID: 30638827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungi from the Conidiobolus genus have been implicated in the development of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, mainly in tropical countries. The mycosis associated to these fungi may cause irreversible facial deformities and is potentially fatal. The authors present the first case of a chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis due to Conidiobolus coronatus diagnosed in a 66-year-old Caucasian male patient, living in Portugal without any travels abroad and complaining of progressive refractory nasal obstruction, facial pain and anosmia. Upon the culture of samples collected during sinus endoscopic surgery, colonies that presented a macroscopic aspect remembering wax were detected. The microscopic evaluation allowed the observation of simple conidiophores forming spherical conidia, and of conidiophores that presented hair-like appendages. Together, these characteristics allowed the identification of the fungi as a Conidiobolus, which was confirmed upon the DNA sequencing. The authors emphasised the role of this fungi as an emergent microorganism as well as the difficulties associated to the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pestana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Carmo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J C Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Tomé
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gupta N, Kumar R, Ramteke P, Soneja M. Look before you leap: A case series of conidiobolomycosis from the Indian subcontinent. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 7:1113-1115. [PMID: 30598971 PMCID: PMC6259523 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_167_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is an extremely rare subcutaneous rhinofacial indolent infection caused by Conidiobolus coronatus and Conidiobolus incongruus. It is reported mainly from the tropical and subtropical parts of the world, mostly in form of isolated case reports or small case series. Two immunocompetent male patients presented to our center with indolent nasal swelling and features of nasal obstruction. They were treated outside with antibiotics and/or steroids and were referred to us with nonresolving symptoms. Both of them were diagnosed based on the characteristic histopathological findings and were successfully treated with saturated solution of potassium iodide. Conidiobolomycosis is an important differential in patients presenting with centrofacial swelling. Early suspicion and timely referral by the primary care physicians will help in early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Gupta
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Ramteke
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Elzein F, Mursi M, Albarrag AM, Alfiaar A, Alzahrani A. Disseminated angioinvasive basidiobolomycosis with a favourable outcome. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 22:30-34. [PMID: 30128269 PMCID: PMC6097276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis, a rare fungal infection, is of worldwide distribution but areas commonly involved include the tropical areas of Africa, USA and South East Asia. 88% of the cases are reported among patients younger than 20 years. Many of the case reports in Saudi Arabia are from Tohama area where our patient lives. The diagnosis tends to be overlooked as the presentation may mimic colonic carcinoma in adults or inflammatory bowel diseases and tuberculosis in both children and adults. Angioinvasion seen in our patient is extremely rare suggesting the diagnosis of mucormycosis and resulting in a delay in choosing the most appropriate treatment. We report this case to remind physicians and surgeons to consider this diagnosis in patients from endemic area presenting with such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatehi Elzein
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mursi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah Alfiaar
- College of Medicine and The University Hospitals, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Claussen M, Schmidt S. First-time isolation and quantification of Basidiobolus spp. from reptile faeces in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) using selective media. Mycoses 2018; 62:298-305. [PMID: 30411397 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Basidiobolus are potentially pathogenic fungi, known to cause mycoses in tropical and subtropical countries. Basidiobolus spp. can be associated with animals, and reptiles and amphibians are candidate vectors for the distribution of this fungus. The presence of Basidiobolus spp. was described for different reptiles in several African countries, although not for South Africa. In addition, quantitative data are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse faeces of selected South African reptiles for the presence and quantity of "viable Basidiobolus units." Faecal samples of gecko and agama lizards were collected and analysed using spread plating, with confirmation by PCR. The addition of dichloran and benomyl to standard fungal media improved the selectivity and allowed quantification of Basidiobolus spp. in reptile faeces. The amount of Basidiobolus spp. varied between 300 and 1.4 × 106 CFU per gram of pooled gecko faeces, which mostly corresponds to >1000 CFU per outside dropping and <100 CFU per inside dropping. About 60% of analysed agama faeces carried Basidiobolus spp., ranging from 150 to 1.2 × 105 CFU per dropping. Our results show for the first time that faeces of South African reptiles frequently carry Basidiobolus spp., confirming that they can contribute to the distribution of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Claussen
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Abstract
The pathogenic entomophthoralean fungi cause infection in insects and mammalian hosts. Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species can be found in soil and insect, reptile, and amphibian droppings in tropical and subtropical areas. The life cycles of these fungi occur in these environments where infecting sticky conidia are developed. The infection is acquired by insect bite or contact with contaminated environments through open skin. Conidiobolus coronatus typically causes chronic rhinofacial disease in immunocompetent hosts, whereas some Conidiobolus species can be found in immunocompromised patients. Basidiobolus ranarum infection is restricted to subcutaneous tissues but may be involved in intestinal and disseminated infections. Its early diagnosis remains challenging due to clinical similarities to other intestinal diseases. Infected tissues characteristically display eosinophilic granulomas with the Splendore-Höeppli phenomenon. However, in immunocompromised patients, the above-mentioned inflammatory reaction is absent. Laboratory diagnosis includes wet mount, culture serological assays, and molecular methodologies. The management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide (KI), amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, and surgery. These species are intrinsically resistant to some antifungals, prompting physicians to experiment with combinations of therapies. Research is needed to investigate the immunology of entomophthoralean fungi in infected hosts. The absence of an animal model and lack of funding severely limit research on these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Successful Treatment of Invasive Conidiobolus Infection During Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:e446-e449. [PMID: 28991126 PMCID: PMC5904005 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. Conidiobolus species are molds within the order Entomophthorales and may disseminate to become rapidly fatal in immunocompromised individuals. This species of fungal infections are often multidrug resistant (MDR) and present unique therapeutic challenges. Reports of Conidiobolus infections are rare in pediatric oncology. We report the successful treatment of an adolescent male with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and MDR invasive sinopulmonary Conidiobolus infection with emphasis on early and aggressive neutrophil support with surgical debridement. The strategies described could be applied to other MDR fungal infections.
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Ngwenya ML, Chen W, Basson AK, Shandu JS, Yu JH, Nelson DR, Syed K. Blooming of Unusual Cytochrome P450s by Tandem Duplication in the Pathogenic Fungus Conidiobolus coronatus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061711. [PMID: 29890717 PMCID: PMC6032100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the Zygomycete fungus Conidiobolus coronatus primarily infects insects, it can be pathogenic to mammals as well, including humans. High variability in the treatment of this fungal infection with currently available drugs, including azole drugs is a very common phenomenon. Azoles bind to the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s/CYP) including CYP51, a sterol 14-α-demethylase, inhibiting the synthesis of cell membrane ergosterol and thus leading to the elimination of infecting fungi. Despite P450’s role as a drug target, to date, no information on C. coronatus P450s has been reported. Genome-wide data mining has revealed the presence of 142 P450s grouped into 12 families and 21 subfamilies in C. coronatus. Except for CYP51, the remaining 11 P450 families are new (CYP5854-CYP5864). Despite having a large number of P450s among entomopathogenic fungi, C. coronatus has the lowest number of P450 families, which suggests blooming P450s. Further analysis has revealed that 79% of the same family P450s is tandemly positioned, suggesting that P450 tandem duplication led to the blooming of P450s. The results of this study; i.e., unravelling the C. coronatus P450 content, will certainly help in designing experiments to understand P450s’ role in C. coronatus physiology, including a highly variable response to azole drugs with respect to P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathula Lancelot Ngwenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Wanping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Albert Kotze Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Jabulani Siyabonga Shandu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3155 MSB, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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45
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Almoosa Z, Alsuhaibani M, AlDandan S, Alshahrani D. Pediatric gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis mimicking malignancy. Med Mycol Case Rep 2017; 18:31-33. [PMID: 28970974 PMCID: PMC5612808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection with high prevalence in southwestern province of Saudi Arabia (Tohama region); it mainly causes subcutaneous infections and rarely gastrointestinal disease. Because of its indolent presentation, it is often misdiagnosed as IBD, tuberculosis or Malignancy. We are reporting a 7 year old Saudi girl with abdominal mass, fever and eosinophilia resembling malignancy on radiological and pathological picture fully recovered with only medical therapy in the form of oral Voriconazole 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Almoosa
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Section, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa 2477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Pediatric department, college of medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51431 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeq AlDandan
- Pathology department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dayel Alshahrani
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Section, Children Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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Sitterlé E, Rodriguez C, Mounier R, Calderaro J, Foulet F, Develoux M, Pawlotsky JM, Botterel F. Contribution of Ultra Deep Sequencing in the Clinical Diagnosis of a New Fungal Pathogen Species: Basidiobolus meristosporus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:334. [PMID: 28326064 PMCID: PMC5339647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cases of fungal infection remained undiagnosed, especially when the pathogens are uncommon, require specific conditions for in vitro growth, or when several microbial species are present in the specimen. Ultra-Deep Sequencing (UDS) could be considered as a precise tool in the identification of involved pathogens in order to upgrade patient treatment. In this study, we report the implementation of UDS technology in medical laboratory during the follow-up of an atypical fungal infection case. Thanks to UDS technology, we document the first case of gastro-intestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) due to Basidiobolus meristosporus. The diagnosis was suspected after histopathological examination but conventional microbiological methods failed to supply proof. The final diagnosis was made by means of an original approach based on UDS. DNA was extracted from the embedded colon biopsy obtained after hemicolectomy, and a fragment encompassing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region was PCR-amplified. An Amplicon library was then prepared using Genome Sequencer Junior Titanium Kits (Roche/454 Life Sciences) and the library was pyrosequenced on a GS Junior (Roche/454 Life Sciences). Using this method, 2,247 sequences with more than 100 bases were generated and used for UDS analysis. B. meristosporus represented 80% of the sequences, with an average homology of 98.8%. A phylogenetic tree with Basidiobolus reference sequences confirmed the presence of B. meristosporus (bootstrap value of 99%). Conclusion : UDS-based diagnostic approaches are ready to integrate conventional diagnostic testing to improve documentation of infectious disease and the therapeutic management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Sitterlé
- Département de Microbiologie, Créteil, Dynamyc, ENVA, UPEC Creteil, France
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- Département de Microbiologie, Next-Generation Sequencing Platform pACT, IMRB CréteilFrance; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale U955Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Foulet
- Département de Microbiologie, Créteil, Dynamyc, ENVA, UPEC Creteil, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Département de Microbiologie, Next-Generation Sequencing Platform pACT, IMRB CréteilFrance; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale U955Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Département de Microbiologie, Créteil, Dynamyc, ENVA, UPEC Creteil, France
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Roilides E. Emerging fungi causing human infection: new or better identified? Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:660-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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