1
|
Ríos Medrano MA, Bigi MM, Martínez Ponce P, Podesta EJ, Orlando UD. Exposure to anticancer drugs modulates the expression of ACSL4 and ABCG2 proteins in adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20769. [PMID: 37867801 PMCID: PMC10585233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and malignant disease, with more than 50 % of patients developing hormone-secreting tumors. These tumors are genetically heterogeneous and potentially lethal, as metastasis is often underway at the time of diagnosis. While chemoresistance can be multifactorial, Acyl CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) is known to contribute to the generation of highly aggressive cellular phenotypes, while increased expression and activity of multidrug transporters such as ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) are known to play a key role. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine changes in the expression of ACSL4 and ABCG2 in ACC cell lines after exposure to antitumor drugs. Bioinformatics analysis of public database GSE140818 revealed higher ACSL4 and ABCG2 expression in HAC15 cells resistant to mitotane when compared to wild type cells. In addition, our studies revealed an increase in ACSL4 and ABCG2 expression in lowly aggressive H295R cells undergoing early treatment with non-lethal concentrations of mitotane, doxorubicin and cisplatin. Comparable results were obtained in lowly aggressive breast cancer cells MCF-7. The increase in ACSL4 and ABCG2 expression favored tumor cell viability, proliferation and compound efflux, an effect partially offset by ACSL4 and ABCG2 inhibitors. These results provide relevant data on the undesired molecular effects of antitumor drugs and may fuel future studies on patients' early response to antitumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Agustina Ríos Medrano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED). Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - María Mercedes Bigi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED). Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Paloma Martínez Ponce
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED). Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Ernesto Jorge Podesta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED). Buenos Aires. Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana. Buenos Aires. Argentina
| | - Ulises Daniel Orlando
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED). Buenos Aires. Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kerdivel G, Amrouche F, Calmejane MA, Carallis F, Hamroune J, Hantel C, Bertherat J, Assié G, Boeva V. DNA hypermethylation driven by DNMT1 and DNMT3A favors tumor immune escape contributing to the aggressiveness of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:121. [PMID: 37528470 PMCID: PMC10394822 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma is rare and aggressive endocrine cancer of the adrenal gland. Within adrenocortical carcinoma, a recently described subtype characterized by a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) has been associated with an especially poor prognosis. However, the drivers of CIMP remain unknown. Furthermore, the functional relation between CIMP and poor clinical outcomes of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma stays elusive. RESULTS Here, we show that CIMP in adrenocortical carcinoma is linked to the increased expression of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3A driven by a gain of gene copy number and cell hyperproliferation. Importantly, we demonstrate that CIMP contributes to tumor aggressiveness by favoring tumor immune escape. This effect could be at least partially reversed by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our findings suggest that co-treatment with demethylating agents might enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy and could represent a novel therapeutic approach for patients with high CIMP adrenocortical carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenneg Kerdivel
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Amrouche
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Calmejane
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | | | - Juliette Hamroune
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Boeva
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris, France.
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Machine Learning, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 6, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sigala S, Rossini E, Abate A, Tamburello M, Bornstein SR, Hantel C. An update on adrenocortical cell lines of human origin. Endocrine 2022; 77:432-437. [PMID: 35764904 PMCID: PMC9385758 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, heterogenous and highly malignant disease. Management of ACC is dependent on disease stage with complete surgical resection as the only potentially curative option. However, advanced, un-resectable, metastatic stages and also recurrences often require systemic treatments, which are unfortunately nowadays still unsatisfactory. The scarcity of preclinical models reflecting patient heterogeneities and furthermore drug-resistant phenotypes, has hampered the progress and development of new therapies in recent years. In this review, we provide an overview on the classical models and substantial progress which has been made over the last years in context of this aggressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tamburello
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul-Langerhans-Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Warde KM, Lim YJ, Ribes Martinez E, Beuschlein F, O'Shea P, Hantel C, Dennedy MC. Mitotane Targets Lipid Droplets to Induce Lipolysis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6633639. [PMID: 35797592 PMCID: PMC9342684 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare aggressive cancer with low overall survival. Adjuvant mitotane improves survival but is limited by poor response rates and resistance. Mitotane's efficacy is attributed to the accumulation of toxic free cholesterol, predominantly through cholesterol storage inhibition. However, targeting this pathway has proven unsuccessful. We hypothesize that mitotane-induced free-cholesterol accumulation is also mediated through enhanced breakdown of lipid droplets. METHODOLOGY ATCC-H295R (mitotane-sensitive) and MUC-1 (mitotane-resistant) ACC cells were evaluated for lipid content using specific BODIPY dyes. Protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Cell viability was measured by quantifying propidium iodide-positive cells following mitotane treatment and pharmacological inhibitors of lipolysis. RESULTS H295R and MUC-1 cells demonstrated similar neutral lipid droplet numbers at baseline. However, evaluation of lipid machinery demonstrated distinct profiles in each model. Analysis of intracellular lipid droplet content showed H295R cells preferentially store cholesteryl esters, whereas MUC-1 cells store triacylglycerol. Decreased lipid droplets were associated with increased lipolysis in H295R and in MUC-1 at toxic mitotane concentrations. Pharmacological inhibition of lipolysis attenuated mitotane-induced toxicity in both models. CONCLUSION We highlight that lipid droplet breakdown and activation of lipolysis represent a putative additional mechanism for mitotane-induced cytotoxicity in ACC. Further understanding of cholesterol and lipids in ACC offers potential novel therapeutic exploitation, especially in mitotane-resistant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Warde
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Yi Jan Lim
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Ribes Martinez
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Paula O'Shea
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta Hospitals Group, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91 RW28, Ireland
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Michael Conall Dennedy
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bornstein S, Shapiro I, Malyukov M, Züllig R, Luca E, Gelfgat E, Beuschlein F, Nölting S, Berruti A, Sigala S, Peitzsch M, Steenblock C, Ludwig B, Kugelmeier P, Hantel C. Innovative multidimensional models in a high-throughput-format for different cell types of endocrine origin. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:648. [PMID: 35879289 PMCID: PMC9314441 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal gland provides an important function by integrating neuronal, immune, vascular, metabolic and endocrine signals under a common organ capsule. It is the central organ of the stress response system and has been implicated in numerous stress-related disorders. While for other diseases, regeneration of healthy organ tissue has been aimed at such approaches are lacking for endocrine diseases - with the exception of type-I-diabetes. Moreover, adrenal tumor formation is very common, however, appropriate high-throughput applications reflecting the high heterogeneity and furthermore relevant 3D-structures in vitro are still widely lacking. Recently, we have initiated the development of standardized multidimensional models of a variety of endocrine cell/tissue sources in a new multiwell-format. Firstly, we confirmed common applicability for pancreatic pseudo-islets. Next, we translated applicability for spheroid establishment to adrenocortical cell lines as well as patient material to establish spheroids from malignant, but also benign adrenal tumors. We aimed furthermore at the development of bovine derived healthy adrenal organoids and were able to establish steroidogenic active organoids containing both, cells of cortical and medullary origin. Overall, we hope to open new avenues for basic research, endocrine cancer and adrenal tissue-replacement-therapies as we demonstrate potential for innovative mechanistic insights and personalized medicine in endocrine (tumor)-biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bornstein
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Shapiro
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Malyukov
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Züllig
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edlira Luca
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny Gelfgat
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Constanze Hantel
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duranova H, Fialkova V, Valkova V, Bilcikova J, Olexikova L, Lukac N, Massanyi P, Knazicka Z. Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line (NCI-H295R): An in vitro screening model for the assessment of endocrine disruptors' actions on steroidogenesis with an emphasis on cell ultrastructural features. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151912. [PMID: 35661985 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines as an in vitro model for xenobiotic screening and toxicity studies provide a very important tool in the field of scientific research at the level of molecular pathways and gene expression. Good cell culture practice and intracellular characterization, as well as physiological properties of the cell line are of critical importance for in vitro reproductive toxicity testing of various endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The NCI-H295R, human adrenocarcinoma cell line, is the most widely used in vitro cellular system to study the human adrenal steroidogenic pathway at the level of hormone production and gene expression, as it expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. In this review, we aim to highlight the information considering the origin, development, physiological and ultrastructural characteristics of the NCI-H295R cell line. The review also creates a broad overview of the cell line usage in various range of studies related to the steroidogenesis issues. To our best knowledge, the paper provides the first report of quantitative data (ex novo) from stereological estimates of component (volume, surface) densities of nuclei, mitochondria, and lipid droplets of the NCI-H295R cells. Such ultrastructural measurements can be valuable in the assessment of underlying mechanisms of changes in the cell steroid hormone production induced by the action of diverse endocrine disruptors. Thus, they can significantly contribute to complexity of structure-function relationships in association with steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Valkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Bilcikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lucia Olexikova
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic.
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Knazicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sigala S, Bothou C, Penton D, Abate A, Peitzsch M, Cosentini D, Tiberio GAM, Bornstein SR, Berruti A, Hantel C. A Comprehensive Investigation of Steroidogenic Signaling in Classical and New Experimental Cell Models of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:1439. [PMID: 35563746 PMCID: PMC9103477 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a heterogeneous and aggressive cancer that originates from steroidogenic cells within the adrenal cortex. In this study, we have assessed for the preclinical gold standard NCI-H295 in direct comparison with the more recently established MUC-1 and a here newly reported ACC cell line (TVBF-7) the mutational status of important driver genes (TP53, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CTNNB1, APC, ZNRF-3, IGF-2, EGFR, RB1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RET, GNAS and PTEN), Wnt-signaling specificities (CTNNB1 mutation vs. APC mutation vs. wildtype), steroidogenic-(CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B2, HSD17B4, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, MC2R, AT1R) and nuclear-receptor-signaling (AR, ER, GCR), varying electrophysiological potentials as well as highly individual hormone secretion profiles (Cortisol, Aldosterone, DHEA, DHEAS, Testosterone, 17-OH Progesterone, among others) which were investigated under basal and stimulated conditions (ACTH, AngII, FSK). Our findings reveal important genetic and pathophysiological characteristics for these three cell lines and reveal the importance of such cell-line panels reflecting differential endocrine functionalities to thereby better reflect clinically well-known ACC patient heterogeneities in preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Christina Bothou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - David Penton
- Electrophysiology Facility (e-phac), Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Guido A. M. Tiberio
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul-Langerhans-Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ilanchezhian M, Varghese DG, Glod JW, Reilly KM, Widemann BC, Pommier Y, Kaplan RN, Del Rivero J. Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:961650. [PMID: 36387865 PMCID: PMC9659577 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.961650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy of the adrenal gland with an unfavorable prognosis. It is rare in the pediatric population, with an incidence of 0.2-0.3 patients per million in patients under 20 years old. It is primarily associated with Li-Fraumeni and Beckwith-Wiedemann tumor predisposition syndromes in children. The incidence of pediatric ACC is 10-15fold higher in southern Brazil due to a higher prevalence of TP53 mutation associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome in that population. Current treatment protocols are derived from adult ACC and consist of surgery and/or chemotherapy with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (EDP) with mitotane. Limited research has been reported on other treatment modalities for pediatric ACC, including mitotane, pembrolizumab, cabozantinib, and chimeric antigen receptor autologous cell (CAR-T) therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maran Ilanchezhian
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diana Grace Varghese
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John W. Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaydira Del Rivero,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novel Insights into the Molecular Regulation of Ribonucleotide Reductase in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164200. [PMID: 34439352 PMCID: PMC8391410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current clinical gold standard etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and mitotane (EDP-M) is not satisfying for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However, clinical translation of novel, preclinically promising therapies were unfortunately disappointing in recent years, indicating that utilized tumor models inadequately predicted clinical applicability of novel pharmacological approaches. In an attempt to optimize the current preclinical armamentarium, our workgroup initiated a comparative drug screen of clinically relevant chemotherapies and therapies targeting IGF, EGF, and Wnt signaling pathways in the classical NCI-H295R cell line and, for the first time, in the recently developed highly drug-resistant MUC-1 cell line. These testings revealed gemcitabine and cisplatin as a promising combination, but further investigations also indicated developing drug resistance mechanisms on the molecular level. We aimed to decipher underlying resistance mechanisms, identified ribonucleotide reductase as an important player, and successfully targeted the involved DNA damage/repair mechanism. Abstract Current systemic treatment options for patients with adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are far from being satisfactory. DNA damage/repair mechanisms, which involve, e.g., ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ataxia-telangiectasia/Rad3-related (ATR) protein signaling or ribonucleotide reductase subunits M1/M2 (RRM1/RRM2)-encoded ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activation, commonly contribute to drug resistance. Moreover, the regulation of RRM2b, the p53-induced alternative to RRM2, is of unclear importance for ACC. Upon extensive drug screening, including a large panel of chemotherapies and molecular targeted inhibitors, we provide strong evidence for the anti-tumoral efficacy of combined gemcitabine (G) and cisplatin (C) treatment against the adrenocortical cell lines NCI-H295R and MUC-1. However, accompanying induction of RRM1, RRM2, and RRM2b expression also indicated developing G resistance, a frequent side effect in clinical patient care. Interestingly, this effect was partially reversed upon addition of C. We confirmed our findings for RRM2 protein, RNR-dependent dATP levels, and modulations of related ATM/ATR signaling. Finally, we screened for complementing inhibitors of the DNA damage/repair system targeting RNR, Wee1, CHK1/2, ATR, and ATM. Notably, the combination of G, C, and the dual RRM1/RRM2 inhibitor COH29 resulted in previously unreached total cell killing. In summary, we provide evidence that RNR-modulating therapies might represent a new therapeutic option for ACC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare, representing ∼0.2% of all pediatric malignancies and having an incidence of 0.2-0.3 new cases per million per year in the United States, but incidences are remarkably higher in Southern Brazil. At diagnosis, most children show signs and symptoms of virilization, Cushing syndrome, or both. Less than 10% of patients with ACT exhibit no endocrine syndrome at presentation, although some show abnormal concentrations of adrenal cortex hormones. Pediatric ACT is commonly associated with constitutional genetic and/or epigenetic alterations, represented by germline TP53 mutations or chromosome 11p abnormalities. Complete tumor resection is required to achieve cure. The role of chemotherapy is not established, although definitive responses to several anticancer drugs are documented. For patients undergoing complete tumor resection, favorable prognostic factors include young age, small tumor size, virilization, and adenoma histology. Prospective studies are necessary to further elucidate the pathogenesis of ACT and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
|