1
|
Zhao Z, Nian B, Lei Y, Zhao L, Hedhili MN, Guo D, Shi Z, Zhao W, El-Demellawi JK, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xu K, Alshareef HN. Passivation Layers in Mg-Metal Batteries: Robust Interphases for Li-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402626. [PMID: 38781603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In advanced batteries, interphases serve as the key component in stabilizing the electrolyte with reactive electrode materials far beyond thermodynamic equilibria. While an active interphase facilitates the transport of working ions, an inactive interphase obstructs ion flow, constituting the primary barrier to the realization of battery chemistries. Here, a successful transformation of a traditionally inactive passivating layer on Mg-metal anode, characteristic of Mg-metal batteries with typical carbonate electrolytes, into an active and robust interphase in the Li-metal scenario is presented. By further strategically designing magnesiated Li+ electrolytes, the in situ development of this resilient interphase on Li-metal anodes, imparting enduring stability to Li-metal batteries with nickel-rich cathodes is induced. It is identified that the strong affinity between Mg2+ and anions in magnesiated Li+ electrolytes assembles ionic clusters with a bias for reducibility, thereby catalyzing the creation of anion-derived interphases rich in inorganic constituents. The prevalence of ionic clusters induced by magnesiation of electrolytes has brought properties only available in high-concentration electrolytes, suggesting a fresh paradigm of tailing electrolytes for highly reversible LMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Binbin Nian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zixiong Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- KAUST Upstream Research Center (KURC), EXPEC-ARC, Saudi Aramco, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunpei Zhu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kang Xu
- SES AI Corp., Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chérif I, Gassoumi B, Ayachi H, Echabaane M, Caccamo MT, Magazù S, Said AH, Taoufik B, Ayachi S. A theoretical and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the adsorption and sensing of selected metal ions by 4-morpholino-7-nitrobenzofuran. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26709. [PMID: 38439845 PMCID: PMC10909671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of a novel chemosensor, based on a modified nitrobenzofurazan referred to as NBD-Morph, has been investigated for the detection of heavy metal cations (Co2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+). The ligand, 4-morpholino-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Morph), was characterized using spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR and 1H NMR. Vibrational frequencies obtained from FT-IR and proton NMR (1H) chemical shifts were accurately predicted employing the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level of theory. Furthermore, an examination of the structural, electronic, and quantum chemical properties was conducted and discussed. DFT calculations were employed to explore the complex formation ability of the NBD-Morph ligand with Co2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ metal cations. The comparison of adsorption energies for all possible conformations reveals that NBD-Morph exhibits sensitivity and selectivity towards metal ions, including Pb2+, Cu2+, Ag+, and Ni2+. However, an assessment of their reactivity using QTAIM topological parameters demonstrated the ligand's greater complexation ability toward Cu2+ or Ni2+ than those formed by Pb2+ or Ag+. Additionally, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Hirshfeld surfaces, and their associated 2D-fingerprint plots were applied to a detailed study of the inter-molecular interactions in NBD-Morph-X (X = Pb2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Ni2+) complexes. The electron localization function (ELF) and the localized-orbital locator (LOL) were generated to investigate the charge transfer and donor-acceptor interactions within the complexes. Electrochemical analysis further corroborates the theoretical findings, supporting the prediction of NBD-Morph's sensory ability towards Ni2+ metal cations. In conclusion, NBD-Morph stands out as a promising sensor for Ni2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Chérif
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, Avenue of the Environment 5019 Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres No. 31, S. Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Bouzid Gassoumi
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ayachi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mosaab Echabaane
- CRMN, Centre de Recherche en Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie de Sousse, Nanomisene, LR16CRMN01, 4054, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Maria Teresa Caccamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres No. 31, S. Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres No. 31, S. Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ayoub Haj Said
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Boubaker Taoufik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11ES39), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sahbi Ayachi
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences, Avenue of the Environment 5019 Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang ZY, Fang ZG, Liu LE, Wu TH. Density functional theory studies on properties of cluster Co nMoS (n=1 ~ 5): interatomic interactions, electronic properties, frontier orbitals. J Mol Model 2023; 29:326. [PMID: 37770669 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT To comprehend the microscopic property alterations within the ConMoS cluster (n=1-5), this study investigates its internal interactions, electronic characteristics, and orbital correlations employing density functional theory. Structural optimization and theoretical analysis of the cluster are conducted using the Gaussian09 software package, considering various spin multiplicities and employing the B3LYP/def2tzvp quantum chemical method as the computational standard. The outcomes reveal the optimization of the cluster, resulting in 21 stable configurations while continually acquiring energy from the external environment. Analysis of the interaction region indicator functions, the independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition, the localized orbital indicator functions, and the electron localization function reveals a trend toward chemical bonding interactions within the interatomic interaction regions. Moreover, the interatomic forces exhibit a high likelihood of engaging in covalent bonding interactions. Both Co and Mo atoms display greater electron delocalization, facilitating the exchange of electrons with the external environment. The paper discuss electron space range, hardness and softness, polarizability, dipole moment, Mulliken population analysis, density of states, HOMO-LUMO diagram, and UV-Vis spectra. Configuration 5a exhibits the broadest electron delocalization and the highest reactivity. It maintains structural stability in external conditions and displays the most polarized molecules. Metal atoms in this cluster exhibit superior mobility compared to non-metal atoms. We elucidate the electron density aggregation region within the cluster. Configuration 1a demonstrates the highest correlation with molar absorption coefficient for its peak. Analyzing the HOMO and LUMO orbital delocalization index and center-of-mass distances revealed that the front orbits of configuration 5a exhibited a broad distribution in space and the minimum center-of-mass distance. METHODS This study presents a theoretical investigation of Co-Mo-S clusters employing density functional theory (DFT). DFT is a prevalent method for exploring the electronic structure and characteristics of atoms, molecules, and solids. The paper examines cluster attributes encompassing interatomic interactions, electronic properties, and frontier orbitals. Gaussian09 software is employed for optimizing cluster structures, while the analysis is augmented using Multiwfn wave function analysis software. By harnessing these theoretical and computational tools, it aims to delve deeper into cluster properties, yielding valuable insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China.
| | - Li-E Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Ting-Hui Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morphogenesis and evolution mechanisms of bacterially-induced struvite. Sci Rep 2021; 11:170. [PMID: 33420384 PMCID: PMC7794283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are able to induce struvite precipitation, and modify struvite morphology, leading to the mineral with various growth habits. However, the relevant work involving the morphogenesis is limited, thereby obstructing our understanding of bacterially mediated struvite mineralization. Here, an actinomycete Microbacterium marinum sp. nov. H207 was chosen to study its effect on struvite morphology. A combination of bacterial mineralization and biomimetic mineralization techniques was adopted. The bacterial mineralization results showed that strain H207 could induce the formation of struvite with grouping structure (i.e., a small coffin-like crystal grown on a large trapezoid-like substrate crystal), and the overgrowth structure gradually disappeared, while the substrate crystal further evolved into coffin-like, and quadrangular tabular morphology with time. The biomimetic experiments with different organic components confirmed that the soluble macromolecules rich in electronegative carboxyl groups secreted by strain H207 dominate the formation of the struvite grouping. The time-course biomimetic experiments with supernatant testified that the increase in pH and NH4+ content promoted the evolution of crystal habits. Moreover, the evolution process of substrate crystal can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, the crystal grew along the crystallographic b axis. At the later stage, coupled dissolution–precipitation process occurred, and the crystals grew along the corners (i.e., [110] and [1-10] directions). In the case of dissolution, it was also found that the (00-1) face of substrate crystal preferentially dissolved, which results from the low initial phosphate content and high PO43− density on this face. As a result, present work can provide a deeper insight into bio-struvite mineralization.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dash D, Baral M, Kanungo B. Synthesis of a new tetradentate chelator with 1-Hydoroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (HOPO) as chelating unit: Interaction with Fe (III), solution thermodynamics and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
6
|
Ironing out pyoverdine's chromophore structure: serendipity or design? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:659-673. [PMID: 31214860 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyoverdines are Pseudomonas aeruginosa's primary siderophores. These molecules, composed of a fluorescent chromophore attached to a peptide chain of 6-14 amino acids, are synthesized by the bacterium to scavenge iron (essential to its survival and growth) from its environment. Hijacking the siderophore pathway to use pyoverdine-antibiotic compounds in a Trojan horse approach has shown promise but remains very challenging because of the synthetic efforts involved. Indeed, both possible approaches (grafting an antibiotic on pyoverdine harvested from Pseudomonas or designing a total synthesis route) are costly, time-consuming and low-yield tasks. Designing comparatively simple analogs featuring the salient properties of the original siderophore is thus crucial for the conception of novel antibiotics to fight bacterial resistance. In this work, we focus on the replacement of the pyoverdine chromophore, a major roadblock on the synthetic pathway. We propose three simpler analogs and evaluate their ability to complex iron and interact with the FpvA transporter using molecular modeling techniques. Based on these results, we discuss the role of the native chromophore's main features (polycyclicity, positive charge, flexibility) on pyoverdine's ability to bind iron and be recognized by membrane transporter FpvA and propose guidelines for the design of effective synthetic siderophores.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fu Y, Gao G, Zhi J. Electrochemical synthesis of multicolor fluorescent N-doped graphene quantum dots as a ferric ion sensor and their application in bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1494-1502. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical strategy for simple and facile synthesis of semicarbazide functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) was reported, based on direct exfoliation and oxidation from graphite rods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Guanyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zaim Z, Alagöz Sayın T, Sayın K, Karakaş D. Detemination of The Best Method (HF, MP2 and B3LYP) in Calculation of Chemical Hardness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.33435/tcandtc.379540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Jiang XM, Mi WH, Zhu W, Yao H, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q. A biacylhydrazone-based chemosensor for fluorescence ‘turn-on’ detection of Al3+ with high selectivity and sensitivity. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1539230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The possibility of iron chelation therapy in the presence of different HPOs; a molecular approach to the non-covalent interactions and binding energies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Kaviani S, Izadyar M, Housaindokht MR. DFT investigation on the selective complexation of Fe 3+ and Al 3+ with hydroxypyridinones used for treatment of the aluminium and iron overload diseases. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:182-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
12
|
Rossi LI, Kinen CO, de Rossi RH. Important role of native β -cyclodextrin in the stabilization of transition metal salts. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Mary CPV, Vijayakumar S, Shankar R. Metal chelating ability and antioxidant properties of Curcumin-metal complexes - A DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 79:1-14. [PMID: 29127853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a well-documented phytochemical compound used to treat various diseases because of its more tolerability in the human body and has no side effects. The present study describes the metal chelating ability of Curcumin for Mn2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ metal ions and their antioxidant properties using density functional theory in both gas and DMSO solvent phases. Results reveal that the carbonyl group at diketo moiety is destabilized due to the metal ion coordination. The interaction energies reveal that CurEN-Zn2+ are the most stable rather than the CurEN-Mn2+ and CurEN-Fe2+ complexes. The AIM analysis confirms that the interaction between the metal ions and Curcumin are to be electrostatic dominant. The HOMO-LUMO orbital analysis shows that the charge transfer interaction is dominant for CurEN-Mn2+ and CurEN-Fe2+ complexes. The DMSO solvent interactions decrease the stability of the CurEN-M2+ cation complexes. The antioxidant mechanism is more reactive for metal complexes than the isolated Curcumin. Since Curcumin possess both metal chelating and antioxidant properties, it can be used in chelation therapy for the cure of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| |
Collapse
|