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Teixeira AM, Martins P. A review of bioengineering techniques applied to breast tissue: Mechanical properties, tissue engineering and finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1161815. [PMID: 37077233 PMCID: PMC10106631 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer worldwide in 2020, according to the Global Cancer Observatory. As a prophylactic measure or as a treatment, mastectomy and lumpectomy are often performed at women. Following these surgeries, women normally do a breast reconstruction to minimize the impact on their physical appearance and, hence, on their mental health, associated with self-image issues. Nowadays, breast reconstruction is based on autologous tissues or implants, which both have disadvantages, such as volume loss over time or capsular contracture, respectively. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine can bring better solutions and overcome these current limitations. Even though more knowledge needs to be acquired, the combination of biomaterial scaffolds and autologous cells appears to be a promising approach for breast reconstruction. With the growth and improvement of additive manufacturing, three dimensional (3D) printing has been demonstrating a lot of potential to produce complex scaffolds with high resolution. Natural and synthetic materials have been studied in this context and seeded mainly with adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) since they have a high capability of differentiation. The scaffold must mimic the environment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the native tissue, being a structural support for cells to adhere, proliferate and migrate. Hydrogels (e.g., gelatin, alginate, collagen, and fibrin) have been a biomaterial widely studied for this purpose since their matrix resembles the natural ECM of the native tissues. A powerful tool that can be used in parallel with experimental techniques is finite element (FE) modeling, which can aid the measurement of mechanical properties of either breast tissues or scaffolds. FE models may help in the simulation of the whole breast or scaffold under different conditions, predicting what might happen in real life. Therefore, this review gives an overall summary concerning the human breast, specifically its mechanical properties using experimental and FE analysis, and the tissue engineering approaches to regenerate this particular tissue, along with FE models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Martins
- UBS, INEGI, LAETA, Porto, Portugal
- I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pedro Martins,
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Ng SY, Lin CL. A Multilayered, Lesion-Embedded Ultrasound Breast Phantom with Realistic Visual and Haptic Feedback for Needle Biopsy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1468-1483. [PMID: 35534303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropomorphic phantoms have been used to provide residents with training in ultrasound-guided breast biopsy. However, different individuals differ in terms of the acoustic properties and stiffness of their breast tissues. The individual differences should be reflected in the training breast phantoms. This study aimed to develop a breast tissue-mimicking phantom that offers realistic haptic feedback and ultrasound imaging during needle insertion. We investigated the tunability of the mechanical and acoustic properties of breast tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) to emulate fat, glandular and tumor tissues. The Design of experiments (DOE) methods and physician's feedback were used to reveal the effect of component concentration on Young's modulus and acoustic properties of breast TMMs. Furthermore, the relative backscatter power of the TMM was studied to adjust the contrast between the simulated tumor and background glandular tissue. The results indicated that Young's moduli of TMMs could be altered by adjusting the concentrations of glycerol, agar and olive oil. Changing the concentration of silicon carbide in a TMM could enhance the contrast between the target and the background materials in an ultrasound image. Finally, a series of TMMs were suggested for fat, glandular, benign tumor and malignant tumor tissues. A breast phantom with a tunability appropriately reflecting the individual differences of breast tissues was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yen Ng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Singh G, Chanda A. Mechanical properties of whole-body soft human tissues: a review. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34587593 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2b7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of soft tissues play a key role in studying human injuries and their mitigation strategies. While such properties are indispensable for computational modelling of biological systems, they serve as important references in loading and failure experiments, and also for the development of tissue simulants. To date, experimental studies have measured the mechanical properties of peripheral tissues (e.g. skin)in-vivoand limited internal tissuesex-vivoin cadavers (e.g. brain and the heart). The lack of knowledge on a majority of human tissues inhibit their study for applications ranging from surgical planning, ballistic testing, implantable medical device development, and the assessment of traumatic injuries. The purpose of this work is to overcome such challenges through an extensive review of the literature reporting the mechanical properties of whole-body soft tissues from head to toe. Specifically, the available linear mechanical properties of all human tissues were compiled. Non-linear biomechanical models were also introduced, and the soft human tissues characterized using such models were summarized. The literature gaps identified from this work will help future biomechanical studies on soft human tissue characterization and the development of accurate medical models for the study and mitigation of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Chanda
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
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Low-Cost and Easily Fabricated Ultrasound-Guided Breast Phantom for Breast Biopsy Training. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop an inexpensive and easy-to-fabricate gelatin-based training phantom for improving the breast biopsy skill and confidence level of residents. Young’s modulus and acoustic properties of the gelatin tissue phantom and simulated tumors were investigated. Six residents were requested to evaluate the effectiveness of the breast phantom. The results showed that 83% (n = 5) of the participants agreed that the ultrasound image quality produced by the breast phantom was excellent or good. Only 17% (n = 1) of the participants claimed that there was room for improvement for the haptic feedback they received during the placement of the core needle into the breast phantom. The mean pre-instructional score was 17% (SD 17%) for all participants. The mean post-instructional score was 83% (SD 17%), giving an overall improvement of 67%. In conclusion, the mean needle biopsy skill and confidence levels of the participants substantially increased through simulation training on our breast phantom. The participants’ feedback showed the phantom is sufficiently realistic in terms of ultrasound imaging and haptic feedback during needle insertion; thus, the training outcome can be linked to the performance of residents when they perform a live biopsy.
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Sayed AM, Naser MA, Wahba AA, Eldosoky MAA. Breast Tumor Diagnosis Using Finite-Element Modeling Based on Clinical in vivo Elastographic Data. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:2351-2363. [PMID: 32472949 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study exploited finite-element modeling (FEM) to simulate breast tissue multicompression during ultrasound elastography to classify breast tumors based on their nonlinear biomechanical properties. METHODS Numeric simulations were first calculated by using 3-dimensional (3D) virtual models with an assumed tumor's geometric dimensions but with actual material properties to test and validate the FEM. Further numeric simulations were used to construct 3D models based on in vivo experimental data to verify our models. The models were designed for each individual in vivo case, emphasizing the geometry, position, and biomechanical properties of the breast tissue. At different compression levels, tissue strains were analyzed between the tumors and the background normal tissues to explore their nonlinearity and classify the tumor type. Tumor classification parameters were deduced by using a power-law relationship between the applied compressive forces and strain differences. RESULTS Classification parameters were compared between benign and malignant tumors, for which they were found to be statistically significant in classifying the tumor types (P < .05) by both the validation and verification of FEM. We compared the classification parameters between the in vivo and FEM classifications, for which they were found to be strongly correlated (R = 0.875; P < .001), with no statistical differences between their outcomes (P = .909). CONCLUSIONS Good agreement between the model outcomes and the in vivo diagnostics was reported. The implemented models were validated and verified. The introduced 3D modeling method may augment elastographic methods to preliminary classify breast tumors at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Naser
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Wahba
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Eldosoky
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Green CA, Goodsitt MM, Lau JH, Brock KK, Davis CL, Carson PL. Deformable Mapping Method to Relate Lesions in Dedicated Breast CT Images to Those in Automated Breast Ultrasound and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Images. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:750-765. [PMID: 31806500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the potential for using a deformable mapping method to register lesions between dedicated breast computed tomography (bCT) and both automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images (craniocaudal [CC] and mediolateral oblique [MLO] views). Two multi-modality breast phantoms with external fiducial markers attached were imaged by the three modalities. The DBT MLO view was excluded for the second phantom. The automated deformable mapping algorithm uses biomechanical modeling to determine corresponding lesions based on distances between their centers of mass (dCOM) in the deformed bCT model and the reference model (DBT or ABUS). For bCT to ABUS, the mean dCOM was 5.2 ± 2.6 mm. For bCT to DBT (CC), the mean dCOM was 5.1 ± 2.4 mm. For bCT to DBT (MLO), the mean dCOM was 4.7 ± 2.5 mm. This application could help improve a radiologist's efficiency and accuracy in breast lesion characterization, using multiple imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Green
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Mitchell M Goodsitt
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jasmine H Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristy K Brock
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Paul L Carson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Green CA, Goodsitt MM, Roubidoux MA, Brock KK, Davis CL, Lau JH, Carson PL. Deformable mapping using biomechanical models to relate corresponding lesions in digital breast tomosynthesis and automated breast ultrasound images. Med Image Anal 2020; 60:101599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2019.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ng SY, Lin CL. Tunability of Acoustic and Mechanical Behaviors in Breast Tissue Mimicking Materials. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1998-2002. [PMID: 31946292 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In radiology practices, the ultrasound-guided breast biopsy is among the most commonly performed minimally invasive procedures. However, many radiology residents in their graduate residencies are found with little or no hands-on experience with ultrasound-guided breast procedures. To enhance safety, the problem can be solved by the use of anthropomorphic training phantoms which can provide the resident with realistic ultrasound imaging and needle insertion haptic feedback. Stiffness and acoustic properties of breast tissues vary between different people. The training breast phantom should be able to possess different acoustic and mechanical properties which conform the inconsistencies found in real tissues among people. Therefore, this paper investigates the tunability of acoustic and mechanical behaviors in breast tissue mimicking materials (TMMs). Experiments of central composite design (CCD) with a center point, four corner points, and an additional four axis points were used to fit the non-linear regression model of the speed of sound. The same design of experiment approach was then used to fit the second-order response surface of the attenuation coefficient. Suitable series of tissue mimicking materials for the glandular tissue and malignant lesion were suggested. Latin hypercube design method was conducted to evaluate the main factors that affected the mechanical property (Young's modulus) of tissue mimicking materials. The results showed that the recipe of tissue mimicking materials could be customized to possess different acoustic and mechanical properties which conform the inconsistencies found in real breast tissues.
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Green CA, Goodsitt MM, Brock KK, Davis CL, Larson ED, Lau JH, Carson PL. Deformable mapping technique to correlate lesions in digital breast tomosynthesis and automated breast ultrasound images. Med Phys 2018; 45:4402-4417. [PMID: 30066340 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a deformable mapping technique to match corresponding lesions between digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) images. METHODS External fiducial markers were attached to the surface of two CIRS multi-modality compressible breast phantoms (A and B) containing multiple simulated lesions. Both phantoms were imaged with DBT (upright positioning with cranial-caudal compression) and ABUS (supine positioning with anterior-to-chest wall compression). The lesions and markers were manually segmented by three different readers. Reader segmentation similarity and reader reproducibility were assessed using Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) and distances between centers of mass (dCOM ). For deformable mapping between the modalities each reader's segmented dataset was processed with an automated deformable mapping algorithm as follows: First, Morfeus, a finite element (FE) based multi-organ deformable image registration platform, converted segmentations into triangular surface meshes. Second, Altair HyperMesh, a FE pre-processor, created base FE models for the ABUS and DBT data sets. All deformation is performed on the DBT image data; the ABUS image sets remain fixed throughout the process. Deformation was performed on the external skin contour (DBT image set) to match the external skin contour on the ABUS set, and the locations of the external markers were used to morph the skin contours to be within a user-defined distance. Third, the base DBT-FE model was deformed with the FE analysis solver, Optistruct. Deformed DBT lesions were correlated with matching lesions in the base ABUS FE model. Performance (lesion correlation) was assessed with dCOM for all corresponding lesions and lesion overlap. Analysis was performed to determine the minimum number of external fiducial markers needed to create the desired correlation and the improvement of correlation with the use of external markers. RESULTS Average DSC for reader similarity ranged from 0.88 to 0.91 (ABUS) and 0.57 to 0.83 (DBT). Corresponding dCOM ranged from 0.20 to 0.36 mm (ABUS) and 0.11 to 1.16 mm (DBT). Lesion correlation is maximized when all corresponding markers are within a maximum distance of 5 mm. For deformable mapping of phantom A, without the use of external markers, only two of six correlated lesions showed overlap with an average lesion dCOM of 6.8 ± 2.8 mm. With use of three external fiducial markers, five of six lesions overlapped and average dCOM improved to 4.9 ± 2.4 mm. For deformable mapping of Phantom B without external markers analysis, four lesions were correlated of seven with overlap between only one of seven lesions, and an average lesion dCOM of 9.7 ± 3.5 mm. With three external markers, all seven possible lesions were correlated with overlap between four of seven lesions. The average dCOM was 8.5 ± 4.0 mm. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the potential for a deformable mapping technique to relate corresponding lesions in DBT and ABUS images by showing improved lesion correspondence and reduced lesion registration errors with the use of external fiducial markers. The technique should improve radiologists' characterization of breast lesions which can reduce patient callbacks, misdiagnoses and unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Green
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mitchell M Goodsitt
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kristy K Brock
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jasmine H Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul L Carson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Ramião NG, Martins PS, Rynkevic R, Fernandes AA, Barroso M, Santos DC. Biomechanical properties of breast tissue, a state-of-the-art review. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 15:1307-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hipwell JH, Vavourakis V, Han L, Mertzanidou T, Eiben B, Hawkes DJ. A review of biomechanically informed breast image registration. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:R1-31. [PMID: 26733349 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/2/r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast radiology encompasses the full range of imaging modalities from routine imaging via x-ray mammography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound (both two- and three-dimensional), to more recent technologies such as digital breast tomosynthesis, and dedicated breast imaging systems for positron emission mammography and ultrasound tomography. In addition new and experimental modalities, such as Photoacoustics, Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electrical Impedance Tomography etc, are emerging. The breast is a highly deformable structure however, and this greatly complicates visual comparison of imaging modalities for the purposes of breast screening, cancer diagnosis (including image guided biopsy), tumour staging, treatment monitoring, surgical planning and simulation of the effects of surgery and wound healing etc. Due primarily to the challenges posed by these gross, non-rigid deformations, development of automated methods which enable registration, and hence fusion, of information within and across breast imaging modalities, and between the images and the physical space of the breast during interventions, remains an active research field which has yet to translate suitable methods into clinical practice. This review describes current research in the field of breast biomechanical modelling and identifies relevant publications where the resulting models have been incorporated into breast image registration and simulation algorithms. Despite these developments there remain a number of issues that limit clinical application of biomechanical modelling. These include the accuracy of constitutive modelling, implementation of representative boundary conditions, failure to meet clinically acceptable levels of computational cost, challenges associated with automating patient-specific model generation (i.e. robust image segmentation and mesh generation) and the complexity of applying biomechanical modelling methods in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Hipwell
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Ogrinc Potočnik N, Škrášková K, Flinders B, Pelicon P, Heeren RMA. Gold sputtered fiducial markers for combined secondary ion mass spectrometry and MALDI imaging of tissue samples. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6781-5. [PMID: 24918500 DOI: 10.1021/ac500308s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a label free technique capable of providing simultaneous identification and localization of biomolecules. A multimodal approach is required that allows for the study of the complexity of biological tissue samples to overcome the limitations of a single MSI technique. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) allows for high spatial resolution imaging while matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) offers a significantly wider mass range. The combination of coregistered SIMS and MALDI images results in detailed and unique biomolecular information. In this Technical Note, we describe how gold sputtered/implanted fiducial markers (FM) are created and can be used to ensure a proper overlay and coregistration of the two-dimensional images provided by the two MSI modalities.
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Gwo CY, Gwo A, Wei CH, Huang PJ. Identification of breast contour for nipple segmentation in breast magnetic resonance images. Med Phys 2014; 41:022304. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4861709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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A new method for apparent diffusion coefficient measurement using sequential 18F-FDG PET and MRI: correlation with histological grade of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Ann Nucl Med 2013; 27:720-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-013-0737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dmitriev ID, Loo CE, Vogel WV, Pengel KE, Gilhuijs KGA. Fully automated deformable registration of breast DCE-MRI and PET/CT. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:1221-33. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/4/1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Garnov N, Thormer G, Trampel R, Grunder W, Kahn T, Moche M, Busse H. Suitability of miniature inductively coupled RF coils as MR-visible markers for clinical purposes. Med Phys 2012; 38:6327-35. [PMID: 22047397 DOI: 10.1118/1.3655027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MR-visible markers have already been used for various purposes such as image registration, motion detection, and device tracking. Inductively coupled RF (ICRF) coils, in particular, provide a high contrast and do not require connecting wires to the scanner, which makes their application highly flexible and safe. This work aims to thoroughly characterize the MR signals of such ICRF markers under various conditions with a special emphasis on fully automatic detection. METHODS The small markers consisted of a solenoid coil that was wound around a glass tube containing the MR signal source and tuned to the resonance frequency of a 1.5 T MRI. Marker imaging was performed with a spoiled gradient echo sequence (FLASH) and a balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence (TrueFISP) in three standard projections. The signal intensities of the markers were recorded for both pulse sequences, three source materials (tap water, distilled water, and contrast agent solution), different flip angles and coil alignments with respect to the B(0) direction as well as for different marker positions in the entire imaging volume (field of view, FOV). Heating of the ICRF coils was measured during 10-min RF expositions to three conventional pulse sequences. Clinical utility of the markers was assessed from their performance in computer-aided detection and in defining double oblique scan planes. RESULTS For almost the entire FOV (±215 mm) and an estimated 82% of all possible RF coil alignments with respect to B(0), the ICRF markers generated clearly visible MR signals and could be reliably localized over a large range of flip angles, in particular with the TrueFISP sequence (0.3°-4.0°). Generally, TrueFISP provided a higher marker contrast than FLASH. RF exposition caused a moderate heating (≤5 °C) of the ICRF coils only. CONCLUSIONS Small ICRF coils, imaged at low flip angles with a balanced SSFP sequence showed an excellent performance under a variety of experimental conditions and therefore make for a reliable, compact, flexible, and relatively safe marker for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Garnov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
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Stewart ML, Smith LM, Hall N. A Numerical Investigation of Breast Compression: A Computer-Aided Design Approach for Prescribing Boundary Conditions. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:2876-84. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2162063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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