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Gholami Hatam E, Pelicon P, Punzón-Quijorna E, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P. Three-dimensional Element-by-element Surface Topography Reconstruction of Compound Samples Using Multisegment Silicon Drift Detectors. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1980-1991. [PMID: 37944037 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Elemental surface topography information in microscopic material characterization contributes to a better understanding of surfaces, interfaces, substrates, and their applications. Here, a general approach based on microbeam proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) elemental surface topography using the annular multisegment silicon drift detector has been demonstrated. The proposed method includes four main steps: acquiring four two-dimensional elemental concentration maps using the multichannel spectrometer, reconstructing the local inclination angle from the atomic model of ion-matter interaction, calculating the two independent topography gradient components, and numerical surface topography integration. In this study, the general algorithm to obtain the gradient components has been successfully tested on a four-segment configuration to reconstruct the 3D surface topography of compound alloys with different microstructure scales. In synchrotron and accelerator facilities dealing with elemental X-ray mapping where the development of customized multisegment detectors is needed, the introduced method is applicable to elemental surface/interface roughness reconstruction in microscale for cultural heritage samples, fusion plasma-facing materials, and microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Gholami Hatam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Malayer University, 4-km of Arak road, Postal code 65741-84621, Malayer, Iran
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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2
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Jobim PFC, Iochims Dos Santos CE, Dias JF, Kelemen M, Pelicon P, Mikuš KV, Pascolo L, Gianoncelli A, Bedolla DE, Rasia-Filho AA. Human Neocortex Layer Features Evaluated by PIXE, STIM, and STXM Techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:592-602. [PMID: 35258774 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The human neocortex has a cytoarchitecture composed of six layers with an intrinsic organization that relates to afferent and efferent pathways for a high functional specialization. Various histological, neurochemical, and connectional techniques have been used to study these cortical layers. Here, we explore the additional possibilities of swift ion beam and synchrotron radiation techniques to distinguish cellular layers based on the elemental distributions and areal density pattern in the human neocortex. Temporal cortex samples were obtained from two neurologically normal adult men (postmortem interval: 6-12 h). A cortical area of 500 × 500 μm2 was scanned by a 3 MeV proton beam for elemental composition and areal density measurements using particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM), respectively. Zinc showed higher values in cortical layers II and V, which needs a critical discussion. Furthermore, the areal density decreased in regions with a higher density of pyramidal neurons in layers III and V. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) revealed the cellular density with higher lateral resolution than STIM, but not enough to distinguish each cortical lamination border. Our data describe the practical results of these approaches employing both X-ray and ion-beam based techniques for the human cerebral cortex and its heterogeneous layers. These results add to the potential approaches and knowledge of the human neocortical gray matter in normal tissue to develop improvements and address further studies on pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fernandes Costa Jobim
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katarina Vogel Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Diana Eva Bedolla
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Antônio Rasia-Filho
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Pongrac P, Kelemen M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Žurga P, Vidović N, Polić Pasković M, Smiljana GB, Lukić I, Pasković I. Tissue-specific calcium and magnesium allocation to explain differences in bulk concentration in leaves of one-year-old seedlings of two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:619-626. [PMID: 36535101 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves have recently been recognised as a valuable source in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as well as in preparation of health-supporting beverages. Little is known about the element composition of olive leaves and almost nothing about tissue-specific allocation of elements. Element composition and tissue-specific distribution were determined in leaves of two olive cultivars, Leccino and Istarska bjelica using micro-particle induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). In leaves of the Istarska bjelica cultivar larger bulk concentrations of potassium, sodium, molybdenum and boron, but smaller concentrations of calcium and magnesium were found than in leaves of the Leccino cultivar. Tissue-specific investigation revealed that larger concentration of calcium in epidermis and in leaf blade tissues (secondary veins, palisade and spongy mesophyll) contributed to the larger leaf bulk calcium concentration in the Leccino cultivar. For magnesium, all leaf tissues, except the bundle sheath cells and consequently the main vascular bundle, contributed to the larger bulk concentration in the Leccino cultivar. Potassium was not predominant in any of the leaf tissues examined, while sodium and molybdenum were below the limit of detection, and boron not detectable by micro-PIXE. The results indicate that sinks for calcium and magnesium are stronger in specific leaf tissues of the Leccino than of the Istarska bjelica cultivar. The new understanding of tissue-specific allocation of elements in leaves of olive will serve as a basis for detailed studies into the effects of foliar and/or soil fertilisers in olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pongrac
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paula Žurga
- Teaching Institute of Public Health Primorsko-Goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Vidović
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia
| | - Goreta Ban Smiljana
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Lukić
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia
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Fokter SK, Gubeljak N, Punzón-Quijorna E, Pelicon P, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Predan J, Ferlič L, Novak I. Total Knee Replacement with an Uncemented Porous Tantalum Tibia Component: A Failure Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15072575. [PMID: 35407908 PMCID: PMC8999729 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous tantalum has been extensively used in orthopaedic surgery, including uncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Favourable results were reported with earlier monobloc tibial components and the design evolved to modular implants. We aimed to analyse possible causes for extensive medial tibia bone loss, resulting in modular porous tantalum tibia baseplate fracture after primary TKA. Retrieved tissue samples were scanned with 3 MeV focused proton beam for Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) elemental analysis. Fractographic and microstructural analysis were performed by stereomicroscopy. A full 3D finite-element model was made for numerical analysis of stress-strain conditions of the tibial baseplate. Histological examination of tissue underneath the broken part of the tibial baseplate revealed dark-stained metal debris, which was confirmed by micro-PIXE to consist of tantalum and titanium. Fractographic analysis and tensile testing showed that the failure of the tibial baseplate fulfilled the criteria of a typical fatigue fracture. Microstructural analysis of the contact surface revealed signs of bone ingrowth in 22.5% of the surface only and was even less pronounced in the medial half of the tibial baseplate. Further studies are needed to confirm the responsibility of metal debris for an increased bone absorption leading to catastrophic tibial tray failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo K. Fokter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-41-772102
| | - Nenad Gubeljak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.G.); (J.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Esther Punzón-Quijorna
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics F2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.P.-Q.); (P.P.); (M.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics F2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.P.-Q.); (P.P.); (M.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics F2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.P.-Q.); (P.P.); (M.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics F2, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.P.-Q.); (P.P.); (M.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Jožef Predan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.G.); (J.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Luka Ferlič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.G.); (J.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Igor Novak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
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Jeromel L, Ogrinc N, Siketić Z, Vavpetič P, Rupnik Z, Bučar K, Jenčič B, Kelemen M, Vencelj M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kovač J, Heeren RMA, Flinders B, Cuypers E, Barba Ž, Pelicon P. Molecular imaging of humain hair with MeV-SIMS: A case study of cocaine detection and distribution in the hair of a cocaine user. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263338. [PMID: 35333862 PMCID: PMC8956162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hair absorbs numerous biomolecules from the body during its growth. This can act as a fingerprint to determine substance intake of an individual, which can be useful in forensic studies. The cocaine concentration profile along the growth axis of hair indicates the time evolution of the metabolic incorporation of cocaine usage. It could be either assessed by chemical extraction and further analysis of hair bundels, or by direct single hair fibre analysis with mass spectroscopy imaging (MSI). Within this work, we analyzed the cocaine distribution in individual hair samples using MeV-SIMS. Unlike conventional surface analysis methods, we demonstrate high yields of nonfragmented molecular ions from the surface of biological materials, resulting in high chemical sensitivity and non-destructive characterisation. Hair samples were prepared by longitudinally cutting along the axis of growth, leaving half-cylindrical shape to access the interior structure of the hair by the probing ion beam, and attached to the silicon wafer. A focused 5.8 MeV 35Cl6+ beam was scanned across the intact, chemically pristine hair structure. A non-fragmented protonated [M+ H]+ cocaine molecular peak at m/z = 304 was detected and localized along the cross-section of the hair. Its intensity exhibits strong fluctuations along the direction of the hair’s growth, with pronounced peaks as narrow as 50 micrometres, corresponding to a metabolic incorporation time of approx. three hours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Ogrinc
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryn Flinders
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Cuypers
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven Toxicology & Pharmacology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Žiga Barba
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Brammerloh M, Morawski M, Friedrich I, Reinert T, Lange C, Pelicon P, Vavpetič P, Jankuhn S, Jäger C, Alkemade A, Balesar R, Pine K, Gavriilidis F, Trampel R, Reimer E, Arendt T, Weiskopf N, Kirilina E. Measuring the iron content of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra with MRI relaxometry. Neuroimage 2021; 239:118255. [PMID: 34119638 PMCID: PMC8363938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons dominate effective transverse relaxation in nigrosome 1. Ion beam microscopy reveals highest iron concentrations in dopaminergic neurons. Developed biophysical model links MRI parameters to cellular iron content. Ferritin- and neuromelanin-bound iron impact MRI parameters differently. Quantitative MRI provides a potential biomarker of iron in dopaminergic neurons.
In Parkinson’s disease, the depletion of iron-rich dopaminergic neurons in nigrosome 1 of the substantia nigra precedes motor symptoms by two decades. Methods capable of monitoring this neuronal depletion, at an early disease stage, are needed for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly suitable for this task due to its sensitivity to tissue microstructure and in particular, to iron. However, the exact mechanisms of MRI contrast in the substantia nigra are not well understood, hindering the development of powerful biomarkers. In the present report, we illuminate the contrast mechanisms in gradient and spin echo MR images in human nigrosome 1 by combining quantitative 3D iron histology and biophysical modeling with quantitative MRI on post mortem human brain tissue. We show that the dominant contribution to the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) in nigrosome 1 originates from iron accumulated in the neuromelanin of dopaminergic neurons. This contribution is appropriately described by a static dephasing approximation of the MRI signal. We demonstrate that the R2* contribution from dopaminergic neurons reflects the product of cell density and cellular iron concentration. These results demonstrate that the in vivo monitoring of neuronal density and iron in nigrosome 1 may be feasible with MRI and provide directions for the development of biomarkers for an early detection of dopaminergic neuron depletion in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Brammerloh
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Markus Morawski
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Isabel Friedrich
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Tilo Reinert
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Charlotte Lange
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Steffen Jankuhn
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anneke Alkemade
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rawien Balesar
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kerrin Pine
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Filippos Gavriilidis
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Robert Trampel
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Enrico Reimer
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Kirilina
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Free University Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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Detterbeck A, Pongrac P, Persson DP, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Arčon I, Husted S, Kofod Schjoerring J, Clemens S. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Zinc and Iron Accumulation during Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain Development. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:12229-12240. [PMID: 33070613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Breeding and engineering of biofortified crops will benefit from a better understanding of bottlenecks controlling micronutrient loading within the seeds. However, few studies have addressed the changes in micronutrient concentrations, localization, and speciation occurring over time. Therefore, we studied spatial patterns of zinc and iron accumulation during grain development in two barley lines with contrasting grain zinc concentrations. Microparticle-induced-X-ray emission and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine tissue-specific accumulation of zinc, iron, phosphorus, and sulfur. Differences in zinc accumulation between the lines were most evident in the endosperm and aleurone. A gradual decrease in zinc concentrations from the aleurone to the underlying endosperm was observed, while iron and phosphorus concentrations decreased sharply. Iron co-localized with phosphorus in the aleurone, whereas zinc co-localized with sulfur in the sub-aleurone. We hypothesize that differences in grain zinc are largely explained by the endosperm storage capacity. Engineering attempts should be targeted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Detterbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel P Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Arčon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Pongrac P, Castillo-Michel H, Reyes-Herrera J, Hancock RD, Fischer S, Kelemen M, Thompson JA, Wright G, Likar M, Broadley MR, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, White PJ. Effect of phosphorus supply on root traits of two Brassica oleracea L. genotypes. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:368. [PMID: 32758143 PMCID: PMC7404929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) deficiency limits crop production worldwide. Crops differ in their ability to acquire and utilise the P available. The aim of this study was to determine root traits (root exudates, root system architecture (RSA), tissue-specific allocation of P, and gene expression in roots) that (a) play a role in P-use efficiency and (b) contribute to large shoot zinc (Zn) concentration in Brassica oleracea. RESULTS Two B. oleracea accessions (var. sabellica C6, a kale, and var. italica F103, a broccoli) were grown in a hydroponic system or in a high-throughput-root phenotyping (HTRP) system where they received Low P (0.025 mM) or High P (0.25 mM) supply for 2 weeks. In hydroponics, root and shoot P and Zn concentrations were measured, root exudates were profiled using both Fourier-Transform-Infrared spectroscopy and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry and previously published RNAseq data from roots was re-examined. In HTRP experiments, RSA (main and lateral root number and lateral root length) was assessed and the tissue-specific distribution of P was determined using micro-particle-induced-X-ray emission. The C6 accession had greater root and shoot biomass than the F103 accession, but the latter had a larger shoot P concentration than the C6 accession, regardless of the P supply in the hydroponic system. The F103 accession had a larger shoot Zn concentration than the C6 accession in the High P treatment. Although the F103 accession had a larger number of lateral roots, which were also longer than in the C6 accession, the C6 accession released a larger quantity and number of polar compounds than the F103 accession. A larger number of P-responsive genes were found in the Low P treatment in roots of the F103 accession than in roots of the C6 accession. Expression of genes linked with "phosphate starvation" was up-regulated, while those linked with iron homeostasis were down-regulated in the Low P treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate large within-species variability in root acclimatory responses to P supply in the composition of root exudates, RSA and gene expression, but not in P distribution in root cross sections, enabling P sufficiency in the two B. oleracea accessions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pongrac
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sina Fischer
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacqueline A Thompson
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Gladys Wright
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Matevž Likar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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9
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Fourati E, Vogel-Mikuš K, Wali M, Kavčič A, Gomilšek JP, Kodre A, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Abdelly C, Ghnaya T. Nickel tolerance and toxicity mechanisms in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum L. as revealed by Ni localization and ligand environment studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:23402-23410. [PMID: 31119536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are able to tolerate relatively high concentrations of hazardous metals in a growing substrate, what makes them suitable candidates for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. In this work, we aimed to study the physiological responses of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum L. to Ni, with main focus on Ni localization, compartmentation and ligand environment, to decipher Ni tolerance and toxicity mechanisms. Seedlings were grown in hydroponic nutrient solution containing 0, 25, 50 and 100 μM Ni as NiCl2 for 3 weeks. Ni localization in leaves was assessed by micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). Ni ligand environment was studied by Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). In addition, Ni-soluble, weakly bound/exchangeable and insoluble leaf tissue fractions were determined by sequential extraction. Results show that S. portulacastrum is able to tolerate up to ~ 500 μg g-1 dry weight (DW) of Ni in the shoots without significant growth reduction. At higher Ni concentrations (> 50 μM Ni in nutrient solution), chloroses were observed due to the accumulation of Ni in photosynthetically active chlorenchyma as revealed by micro-PIXE. Water storage tissue represented the main pool for Ni storage. Incorporation of Ni into Ca-oxalate crystals was also observed in some specimens, conferring tolerance to high leaf Ni concentrations. The majority of Ni (> 70%) was found in soluble tissue fraction. Ni K XANES revealed Ni bound mainly to O- (55%) and N-ligands (45%). Ni toxicity at higher Ni levels was associated with Ni binding to amino groups of proteins in cytosol of chlorenchyma and increased level of lipid peroxidation. Proline levels also increased at high Ni exposures and were associated with Ni-induced oxidative stress and alteration of water regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Fourati
- Faculty of Sciences Tunis, Campus Universitaire Tunis - El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cédria, Box 901, 20150, Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mariem Wali
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cédria, Box 901, 20150, Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anja Kavčič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Padežnik Gomilšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Kodre
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cédria, Box 901, 20150, Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cédria, Box 901, 20150, Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Waters, University of Gabes, Erriadh City Campus - 6072 Zirig, Gabes, Tunisia.
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10
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Höreth S, Pongrac P, van Elteren JT, Debeljak M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Weber M, Braun M, Pietzenuk B, Pečovnik M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Arčon I, Krämer U, Clemens S. Arabidopsis halleri shows hyperbioindicator behaviour for Pb and leaf Pb accumulation spatially separated from Zn. New Phytol 2020; 226:492-506. [PMID: 31898330 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) ranks among the most problematic environmental pollutants. Background contamination of soils is nearly ubiquitous, yet plant Pb accumulation is barely understood. In a survey covering 165 European populations of the metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri, several field samples had indicated Pb hyperaccumulation, offering a chance to dissect plant Pb accumulation. Accumulation of Pb was analysed in A. halleri individuals from contrasting habitats under controlled conditions to rule out aerial deposition as a source of apparent Pb accumulation. Several elemental imaging techniques were employed to study the spatial distribution and ligand environment of Pb. Regardless of genetic background, A. halleri individuals showed higher shoot Pb accumulation than A. thaliana. However, dose-response curves revealed indicator rather than hyperaccumulator behaviour. Xylem sap data and elemental imaging unequivocally demonstrated the in planta mobility of Pb. Highest Pb concentrations were found in epidermal and vascular tissues. Distribution of Pb was distinct from that of the hyperaccumulated metal zinc. Most Pb was bound by oxygen ligands in bidentate coordination. A. halleri accumulates Pb whenever soil conditions render Pb phytoavailable. Considerable Pb accumulation under such circumstances, even in leaves of A. thaliana, strongly suggests that Pb can enter food webs and may pose a food safety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Höreth
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Marta Debeljak
- National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Manuel Braun
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Björn Pietzenuk
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Iztok Arčon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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11
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Jenčič B, Vavpetič P, Kelemen M, Pelicon P. Secondary Ion Yield and Fragmentation of Biological Molecules by Employing 35Cl Primary Ions within the MeV Energy Domain. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:117-123. [PMID: 32881522 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MeV-SIMS is an emerging mass spectrometry imaging method that employs fast, heavy ions to desorb secondary molecules from the analyzed sample. High yields and low fragmentation rates of large molecules, associated with the dominating electronic sputtering process, make it particularly useful in biomedical research, where insight into the distribution of organic molecules is vital. Both yield and fragmentation of desorbed molecules in MeV-SIMS rely on characteristics of the primary ion but may also be impaired by poor instrumental settings. After utilizing secondary ion optics in the linear mass spectrometer at the micro-analytical center of the Jožef Stefan Institute, we demonstrate very efficient detection of secondary ions. As a result, the secondary ion yield, using such settings, solely depends on the species and the characteristics of the primary ion. In order to analyze the yield dependence on the primary ion energy, and the corresponding stopping power within the electronic excitation regime, we used a continuous electron multiplier detector to measure the primary ion current during each measurement of the mass spectra. Secondary ion yield as a function of the primary ion energy and charge is presented as well as fragmentation rates of organic molecules arginine and leu-enkephalin. Other influential instrumental drawbacks are also studied, and their effect on the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jenčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Jenčič B, Vavpetič P, Kelemen M, Vencelj M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kavčič A, Pelicon P. MeV-SIMS TOF Imaging of Organic Tissue with Continuous Primary Beam. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:1801-1812. [PMID: 31250317 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MeV-SIMS is an emerging mass spectrometry imaging method, which utilizes fast, heavy ions to desorb secondary molecules. High yields and low fragmentation rates of large molecules, associated with the electronic sputtering process, make it particularly useful in biomedical research, where insight into distribution of organic molecules is needed. Since the implementation of MeV-SIMS in to the micro-beam line at the tandem accelerator of Jožef Stefan Institute, MeV-SIMS provided some valuable observations on the distribution of biomolecules in plant tissue, as discussed by Jenčič et al. (Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. B. 371, 205-210, 2016; Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. B. 404, 140-145, 2017). However, limited focusing ability of the chlorine ion beam only allowed imaging at the tissue level. In order to surpass shortcomings of the existing method, we introduced a new approach, where we employ a continuous, low-current primary beam. In this mode, we bombard thin samples with a steady chlorine ion flux of approx. 5000 ions/s. After desorbing molecules, chlorine ions penetrate through the thinly cut sample and trigger the time-of-flight "start" signal on a continuous electron multiplier detector, positioned behind the sample. Such bombardment is more effective than previously used pulsing-beam mode, which demanded several orders of magnitude higher primary ion beam currents. Sub-micrometer focusing of low-current primary ion beam allows imaging of biological tissue on a subcellular scale. Simultaneously, new time-of-flight acquisition approach also improves mass resolution by a factor of 5. Within the article, we compare the performance of both methods and demonstrate the application of continuous mode on biological tissue. We also describe the thin sample preparation protocol, necessary for measurements with low primary ion currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jenčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Vencelj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 11, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Kavčič
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 11, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Cloete KJ, Šmit Ž, Minnis-Ndimba R, Vavpetič P, du Plessis A, le Roux SG, Pelicon P. Physico-elemental analysis of roasted organic coffee beans from Ethiopia, Colombia, Honduras, and Mexico using X-ray micro-computed tomography and external beam particle induced X-ray emission. Food Chem X 2019; 2:100032. [PMID: 31432016 PMCID: PMC6694858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physico-elemental profiles of commercially attained and roasted organic coffee beans from Ethiopia, Colombia, Honduras, and Mexico were compared using light microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography, and external beam particle induced X-ray emission. External beam PIXE analysis detected P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr in samples. Linear discriminant analysis showed that there was no strong association between elemental data and production region, whilst a heatmap combined with hierarchical clustering showed that soil-plant physico-chemical properties may influence regional elemental signatures. Physical trait data showed that Mexican coffee beans weighed significantly more than beans from other regions, whilst Honduras beans had the highest width. X-ray micro-computed tomography qualitative data showed heterogeneous microstructural features within and between beans representing different regions. In conclusion, such multi-dimensional analysis may present a promising tool in assessing the nutritional content and qualitative characteristics of food products such as coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Cloete
- iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | - Žiga Šmit
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica, 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roya Minnis-Ndimba
- iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anton du Plessis
- CT Scanner Facility, Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Stephan G. le Roux
- CT Scanner Facility, Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Malay AD, Miyazaki N, Biela A, Chakraborti S, Majsterkiewicz K, Stupka I, Kaplan CS, Kowalczyk A, Piette BMAG, Hochberg GKA, Wu D, Wrobel TP, Fineberg A, Kushwah MS, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Kukura P, Benesch JLP, Iwasaki K, Heddle JG. An ultra-stable gold-coordinated protein cage displaying reversible assembly. Nature 2019; 569:438-442. [PMID: 31068697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Symmetrical protein cages have evolved to fulfil diverse roles in nature, including compartmentalization and cargo delivery1, and have inspired synthetic biologists to create novel protein assemblies via the precise manipulation of protein-protein interfaces. Despite the impressive array of protein cages produced in the laboratory, the design of inducible assemblies remains challenging2,3. Here we demonstrate an ultra-stable artificial protein cage, the assembly and disassembly of which can be controlled by metal coordination at the protein-protein interfaces. The addition of a gold (I)-triphenylphosphine compound to a cysteine-substituted, 11-mer protein ring triggers supramolecular self-assembly, which generates monodisperse cage structures with masses greater than 2 MDa. The geometry of these structures is based on the Archimedean snub cube and is, to our knowledge, unprecedented. Cryo-electron microscopy confirms that the assemblies are held together by 120 S-Aui-S staples between the protein oligomers, and exist in two chiral forms. The cage shows extreme chemical and thermal stability, yet it readily disassembles upon exposure to reducing agents. As well as gold, mercury(II) is also found to enable formation of the protein cage. This work establishes an approach for linking protein components into robust, higher-order structures, and expands the design space available for supramolecular assemblies to include previously unexplored geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali D Malay
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Biomacromolecules Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Artur Biela
- Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Soumyananda Chakraborti
- Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Majsterkiewicz
- Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Stupka
- Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Craig S Kaplan
- David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Georg K A Hochberg
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Fineberg
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manish S Kushwah
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jonathan G Heddle
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan. .,Bionanoscience and Biochemistry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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15
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Fourati E, Vogel-Mikuš K, Bettaieb T, Kavčič A, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Abdelly C, Ghnaya T. Physiological response and mineral elements accumulation pattern in Sesuvium portulacastrum L. subjected in vitro to nickel. Chemosphere 2019; 219:463-471. [PMID: 30551113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum, a halophyte with high tolerance to heavy metals like Cd, Pb and Ni is considered for phytoremediation of metal contaminated saline soils. The tolerance to a selected metal ion could, by hypothesis, be stimulated through in vitro adaptation and regeneration of the plant. Seedlings obtained by in vitro micro-propagation, were exposed to 0, 25 and 50 μM Ni, as NiCl2, in agar-based medium for 30 days. Growth parameters, plant water content, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. Nickel and nutrients distribution in leaves was studied by micro-Proton-Induced-X-ray-Emission (μ-PIXE). The results showed that Ni was mainly accumulated in vascular bundles, next in water storage tissues and chlorenchyma. Ni concentrations in chlorenchyma increased with increasing Ni in culturing medium, in direct relation to decrease of photosynthetic pigments and increase of oxidative stress. As compared to control plants, Ni induced substantial increase in MDA and proline accumulation. Plants exposed to 50 μM Ni accumulated up to 650 μg g-1 of Ni in the shoots, exhibiting chlorosis and necrosis and a drastically reduced plant growth. Perturbations in uptake and distribution of nutrients were observed, inducing mineral deficiency, probably through membrane leakage. The mineral nutrient disturbances induced by Ni could be highly implicated in the restriction of S. portulacastrum development under the acute 50 μM Ni level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Fourati
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia; Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (LR15CBBC02), Laboratoire des Plantes Extrèmophiles, BP 901 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva, 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva, 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taoufik Bettaieb
- Département Agronomie et Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anja Kavčič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva, 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (LR15CBBC02), Laboratoire des Plantes Extrèmophiles, BP 901 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (LR15CBBC02), Laboratoire des Plantes Extrèmophiles, BP 901 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
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16
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Wu S, Vosátka M, Vogel-Mikus K, Kavčič A, Kelemen M, Šepec L, Pelicon P, Skála R, Valero Powter AR, Teodoro M, Michálková Z, Komárek M. Nano Zero-Valent Iron Mediated Metal(loid) Uptake and Translocation by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:7640-7651. [PMID: 29894629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has great potential in the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soils, but its efficiency in metal(loid) stabilization in the plant-microbe continuum is unclear. This study investigated nZVI-mediated metal(loid) behavior in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal-maize ( Zea mays L.) plant association. Plants with AM fungal inoculation were grown in metal(loid)- (mainly Zn and Pb) contaminated soils (Litavka River, Czech Republic) amended with/without 0.5% (w/w) nZVI. The results showed that nZVI decreased plant metal(loid) uptake but inhibited AM development and its function in metal(loid) stabilization in the rhizosphere. AM fungal inoculation alleviated the physiological stresses caused by nZVI and restrained nZVI efficiency in reducing plant metal(loid) uptake. Micro proton-induced X-ray emission (μ-PIXE) analysis revealed the sequestration of Zn (possibly through binding to thiols) by fungal structures in the roots and the precipitation of Pb and Cu in the mycorrhizal root rhizodermis (possibly by Fe compounds originated from nZVI). XRD analyses further indicated that Pb/Fe mineral transformations in the rhizosphere were influenced by AM and nZVI treatments. The study revealed the counteractive effects of AM and nZVI on plant metal(loid) uptake and uncovered details of metal(loid) behavior in the AM fungal-root-nZVI system, calling into question about nZVI implementation in mycorrhizospheric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wu
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Kamýcká 129 , 165 00 Prague-Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany , Czech Academy of Sciences , 272 53 Pruhonice , Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Anja Kavčič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty , University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Luka Šepec
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Roman Skála
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Rozvojová 269 , CZ-165 00 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Albertov 6 , CZ-128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Roberto Valero Powter
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Kamýcká 129 , 165 00 Prague-Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Teodoro
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Kamýcká 129 , 165 00 Prague-Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Michálková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Kamýcká 129 , 165 00 Prague-Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Kamýcká 129 , 165 00 Prague-Suchdol , Czech Republic
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Markelj S, Schwarz-Selinger T, Založnik A, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Hodille E, Grisolia C. Deuterium retention in tungsten simultaneously damaged by high energy W ions and loaded by D atoms. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Fokter SK, Moličnik A, Kavalar R, Pelicon P, Rudolf R, Gubeljak N. Why do some titanium-alloy total hip arthroplasty modular necks fail? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 69:107-114. [PMID: 28064103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased modularity in total hip arthroplasty (THA) through extra junction between the neck and the femoral stem is gaining popularity among orthopaedic community. However, the advantage of the additional junction is shadowed by an increased risk of mechanical failure. The aim of this study was to describe the exact mechanism of fracture of the modular femoral neck in an uncemented stem. METHODS Clinical, metallurgical, and mechanical analysis including finite-element modelling and elemental-sensitive tissue analysis with the micro-PIXE method was performed on two patients treated with fully modular primary THA made from Titanium alloy of the same oval taper-cone design. In patient A revision was performed 7.8 years after the unilateral primary procedure because of modular femoral neck fracture, while patient B was left-side revised 15 years after the bilateral primary procedure because of aseptic loosening of the femoral stem. RESULTS Body weight was 30% higher and the arm of implanted modular femoral neck was 51% longer in patient A compared to patient B. Therefore, the stress ratio on the modular femoral neck of patient A was calculated to be 2.45 times higher than in patient B, preventing cold welding and producing taper damage and degradation at the neck-stem junction. Large clusters of metallic debris containing Titanium and Vanadium from the alloy were present in the periprosthetic soft tissues of patient A. CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher body mass index treated with fully modular Ti-alloy THA may be at increased risk to experience catastrophic failure of the device. Orthopaedic surgeons should avoid using long necks whenever possible, as these are especially prone to develop a vicious circle starting with the fretting process and crevice corrosion at the taper-cone connection, leading to crack initiation and crack propagation, accelerated by the increased vulnerability of the Ti-alloy in biologic media, ultimately ending as fracture at the typical site. Serum Ti concentration may represent a rough estimation of taper degradation and patients with elevated levels should be warned and followed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo K Fokter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Andrej Moličnik
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rajko Kavalar
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia; Zlatarna Celje, d.d., Celje, Slovenia
| | - Nenad Gubeljak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia
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19
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Detterbeck A, Pongrac P, Rensch S, Reuscher S, Pečovnik M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Holzheu S, Krämer U, Clemens S. Spatially resolved analysis of variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain micronutrient accumulation. New Phytol 2016; 211:1241-54. [PMID: 27125321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic biofortification requires knowledge on natural variation and the underlying mechanisms of micronutrient accumulation. We therefore studied diversity in grain micronutrient concentrations and spatial distribution in barley (Hordeum vulgare), a genetically tractable model cereal and an important crop with widespread cultivation. We assembled a diverse collection of barley cultivars and landraces and analysed grain micronutrient profiles in genebank material and after three independent cultivations. Lines with contrasting grain zinc (Zn) accumulation were selected for in-depth analysis of micronutrient distribution within the grain by micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (μ-PIXE). Also, we addressed association with grain cadmium (Cd) accumulation. The analysis of > 120 lines revealed substantial variation, especially in grain Zn concentrations. A large fraction of this variation is due to genetic differences. Grain dissection and μ-PIXE analysis of contrasting lines showed that differences in grain Zn accumulation apply to all parts of the grain including the endosperm. Cd concentrations exceeded the Codex Alimentarius threshold in most of the representative barley lines after cultivation in a Cd-contaminated agricultural soil. Two important conclusions for biofortification are: first, high-Zn grains contain more Zn also in the consumed parts of the grain; and second, higher micronutrient concentrations are strongly associated with higher Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Detterbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Rensch
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuscher
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matic Pečovnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Holzheu
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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20
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Shelef O, Pongrac P, Pelicon P, Vavpeti P, Kelemen M, Seifan M, Rewald B, Rachmilevitch S. Insights into root structure and function of Bassia indica: water redistribution and element dispersion. Funct Plant Biol 2016; 43:620-631. [PMID: 32480491 DOI: 10.1071/fp16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, research has increasingly been aimed at clarifying how root system architecture, physiology and function are related to environmental drivers. 'Negative halotropism' has been defined as the alteration of root growth direction to avoid salinity. We suggested that 'positive halotropism' may be found in halophytes relying on salinity for optimal growth. Investigating root structure of the halophyte Bassia indica (Wight) A. J. Scott, we have shown that positive halotropism can explain the growth of horizontal roots towards optimal salt concentrations along a soil salinity gradient. Here we tested three hypotheses. First, that development of B. indica roots depends on a trade-off between optimal nutrient supply and saline concentrations: results of split-root-experiment showed a preference for sand enriched with nutrients and poor in salts. Second, that shallow horizontal roots enable B. indica to forage for nutrient-rich patches. Results demonstrated that bulk elemental analysis was not consistent with tissue-specific elemental analysis, and this can be explained by substantial variability of element composition of particular root segments. Third, we hypothesised that B. indica redistributes water horizontally through shallow horizontal roots. Results showed that back flow of water from the tap root towards tip root was possible in horizontal roots in saline microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Shelef
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpeti
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Merav Seifan
- The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Boris Rewald
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus 84990, Israel
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Abstract
In order to maintain homeostasis and consequent optimal cell functioning and integrity and/or to avoid toxicity, proper allocation of elements at organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular level is needed. Studies of element localization are therefore crucial to reveal the mechanisms of element trafficking and also tolerance and toxicity. Moreover, studies of localization and speciation of trace elements in grains of staple crops are also of high applicative value, allowing one to determine major and trace element concentrations in different grain tissues without possible contamination. In the last decade, a remarkable progress has been made in the development and application of different 2D imaging techniques in complex biological systems, especially in the sense of improved lateral resolution and sensitivity. The superiority of micro-PIXE over other 2D imaging techniques lies in its wide elemental range (from sodium (Na) to uranium (U)), high elemental sensitivity below micron spatial resolution and fully quantitative element concentration analysis. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest development of micro-PIXE for imaging of the distribution of major and trace elements in crop plants with emphasis on sample preparation methodologies and post-imaging analysis. Case studies of element localization in the grains of major crop plants are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Reactor Center, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Reactor Center, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Villafort Carvalho MT, Pongrac P, Mumm R, van Arkel J, van Aelst A, Jeromel L, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Aarts MGM. Gomphrena claussenii, a novel metal-hypertolerant bioindicator species, sequesters cadmium, but not zinc, in vacuolar oxalate crystals. New Phytol 2015; 208:763-75. [PMID: 26083742 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gomphrena claussenii is a recently described zinc (Zn)- and cadmium (Cd)-hypertolerant Amaranthaceae species displaying a metal bioindicator Zn/Cd accumulation response. We investigated the Zn and Cd distribution in stem and leaf tissues of G. claussenii at the cellular level, and determined metabolite profiles to investigate metabolite involvement in Zn and Cd sequestration. Gomphrena claussenii plants exposed to high Zn and Cd supply were analysed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). In addition, gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was used to determine metabolite profiles on high Zn and Cd exposure. Stem and leaf tissues of G. claussenii plants exposed to control and high Cd conditions showed the abundant presence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, but on high Zn exposure, their abundance was strongly reduced. Ca and Cd co-localized to the CaOx crystals in Cd-exposed plants. Citrate, malate and oxalate levels were all higher in shoot tissues of metal-exposed plants, with oxalate levels induced 2.6-fold on Zn exposure and 6.4-fold on Cd exposure. Sequestration of Cd in vacuolar CaOx crystals of G. claussenii is found to be a novel mechanism to deal with Cd accumulation and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina T Villafort Carvalho
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roland Mumm
- Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen UR, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Arkel
- Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen UR, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van Aelst
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen Electron Microscopy Centre, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luka Jeromel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Klančnik K, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Kump P, Jezeršek D, Gianoncelli A, Gaberščik A. Leaf optical properties are affected by the location and type of deposited biominerals. J Photochem Photobiol B 2014; 140:276-85. [PMID: 25194526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to relate the properties of incrusted plant tissues and structures as well as biomineral concentrations and localization with leaf reflectance and transmittance spectra from 280nm to 880nm in the grasses Phragmites australis, Phalaris arundinacea, Molinia caerulea and Deschampsia cespitosa, and the sedge Carex elata. Redundancy analysis revealed that prickle-hair length on adaxial surface and thickness of lower epidermis exerted significant effects in P. australis; prickle-hair density at abaxial leaf surface and thickness of epidermis on adaxial leaf surface in P. arundinacea; thickness of epidermis on adaxial leaf in D. cespitosa; prickle-hair density on adaxial leaf surface and thickness of cuticle in M. caerulea; and prickle-hair density on adaxial leaf surface and cuticle thickness of the lower side in C. elata. Micro-PIXE and LEXRF elemental localization analysis show that all of these structures and tissues are encrusted by Si and/or by Ca. Reflectance spectra were significantly affected by the Ca concentrations, while Si and Mg concentrations and the Ca concentrations significantly affected transmittance spectra. High concentrations of Mg were detected in epidermal vacuoles of P. arundinacea, M. caerulea and D. cespitosa. Al co-localises with Si in the cuticle, epidermis and/or prickle hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klančnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kump
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Jezeršek
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alenka Gaberščik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Singh SP, Vogel-Mikuš K, Vavpetič P, Jeromel L, Pelicon P, Kumar J, Tuli R. Spatial X-ray fluorescence micro-imaging of minerals in grain tissues of wheat and related genotypes. Planta 2014; 240:277-289. [PMID: 24817589 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat and its related genotypes show distinct distribution patterns for mineral nutrients in maternal and filial tissues in grains. X-ray-based imaging techniques are very informative to identify genotypes with contrasting tissue-specific localization of different elements. This can help in the selection of suitable genotypes for nutritional improvement of food grain crops. Understanding mineral localization in cereal grains is important for their nutritional improvement. Spatial distribution of mineral nutrients (Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) was investigated between and within the maternal and filial tissues in grains of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum Cv. WH291 and WL711), a landrace (T. aestivum L. IITR26) and a related wild species Aegilops kotschyi, using micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (µ-PIXE) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF). Aleurone and scutellum were major storage tissues for macro (P, K, Ca and Mg) as well as micro (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) nutrients. Distinct elemental distribution patterns were observed in each of the four genotypes. A. kotschyi, the wild relative of wheat and the landrace, T. aestivum L. IITR26, accumulated more Zn and Fe in scutellum and aleurone than the cultivated wheat varieties, WH291 and WL711. The landrace IITR26, accumulated far more S in grains, Mn in scutellum, aleurone and embryo region, Ca and Cu in aleurone and scutellum, and Mg, K and P in scutellum than the other genotypes. Unlike wheat, lower Mn and higher Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations were noticed in the pigment strand of A. kotschyi. Multivariate statistical analysis, performed on mineral distribution in major grain tissues (aleurone, scutellum, endosperm and embryo region) resolved the four genotypes into distinct clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir P Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), C-127, Industrial Area, Phase VIII, Mohali, 160071, India,
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Ogrinc Potočnik N, Škrášková K, Flinders B, Pelicon P, Heeren RMA. Gold sputtered fiducial markers for combined secondary ion mass spectrometry and MALDI imaging of tissue samples. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6781-5. [PMID: 24918500 DOI: 10.1021/ac500308s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a label free technique capable of providing simultaneous identification and localization of biomolecules. A multimodal approach is required that allows for the study of the complexity of biological tissue samples to overcome the limitations of a single MSI technique. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) allows for high spatial resolution imaging while matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) offers a significantly wider mass range. The combination of coregistered SIMS and MALDI images results in detailed and unique biomolecular information. In this Technical Note, we describe how gold sputtered/implanted fiducial markers (FM) are created and can be used to ensure a proper overlay and coregistration of the two-dimensional images provided by the two MSI modalities.
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Lefèvre I, Vogel-Mikuš K, Jeromel L, Vavpetič P, Planchon S, Arčon I, Van Elteren JT, Lepoint G, Gobert S, Renaut J, Pelicon P, Lutts S. Differential cadmium and zinc distribution in relation to their physiological impact in the leaves of the accumulating Zygophyllum fabago L. Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37:1299-320. [PMID: 24237383 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium and zinc share many similar physiochemical properties, but their compartmentation, complexation and impact on other mineral element distribution in plant tissues may drastically differ. In this study, we address the impact of 10 μm Cd or 50 μm Zn treatments on ion distribution in leaves of a metallicolous population of the non-hyperaccumulating species Zygophyllum fabago at tissue and cell level, and the consequences on the plant response through a combined physiological, proteomic and metabolite approach. Micro-proton-induced X-ray emission and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry analyses indicated hot spots of Cd concentrations in the vicinity of vascular bundles in response to Cd treatment, essentially bound to S-containing compounds as revealed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and non-protein thiol compounds analyses. A preferential accumulation of Zn occurred in vascular bundle and spongy mesophyll in response to Zn treatment, and was mainly bound to O/N-ligands. Leaf proteomics and physiological status evidenced a protection of photosynthetically active tissues and the maintenance of cell turgor through specific distribution and complexation of toxic ions, reallocation of some essential elements, synthesis of proteins involved in photosynthetic apparatus or C-metabolism, and metabolite synthesis with some specificities regarding the considered heavy metal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lefèvre
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.13, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Tomić S, Đokić J, Vasilijić S, Ogrinc N, Rudolf R, Pelicon P, Vučević D, Milosavljević P, Janković S, Anžel I, Rajković J, Rupnik MS, Friedrich B, Čolić M. Size-dependent effects of gold nanoparticles uptake on maturation and antitumor functions of human dendritic cells in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96584. [PMID: 24802102 PMCID: PMC4011871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are claimed as outstanding biomedical tools for cancer diagnostics and photo-thermal therapy, but without enough evidence on their potentially adverse immunological effects. Using a model of human dendritic cells (DCs), we showed that 10 nm- and 50 nm-sized GNPs (GNP10 and GNP50, respectively) were internalized predominantly via dynamin-dependent mechanisms, and they both impaired LPS-induced maturation and allostimulatory capacity of DCs, although the effect of GNP10 was more prominent. However, GNP10 inhibited LPS-induced production of IL-12p70 by DCs, and potentiated their Th2 polarization capacity, while GNP50 promoted Th17 polarization. Such effects of GNP10 correlated with a stronger inhibition of LPS-induced changes in Ca2+ oscillations, their higher number per DC, and more frequent extra-endosomal localization, as judged by live-cell imaging, proton, and electron microscopy, respectively. Even when released from heat-killed necrotic HEp-2 cells, GNP10 inhibited the necrotic tumor cell-induced maturation and functions of DCs, potentiated their Th2/Th17 polarization capacity, and thus, impaired the DCs' capacity to induce T cell-mediated anti-tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. Therefore, GNP10 could potentially induce more adverse DC-mediated immunological effects, compared to GNP50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Tomić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Vasilijić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Ogrinc
- Microanalytical Center, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- LOTRIČ Metrology, Selca, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Zlatarna Celje d.d., Celje, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Microanalytical Center, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milosavljević
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Anžel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Bernd Friedrich
- Department of Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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El-Jendoubi H, Vázquez S, Calatayud Á, Vavpetič P, Vogel-Mikuš K, Pelicon P, Abadía J, Abadía A, Morales F. The effects of foliar fertilization with iron sulfate in chlorotic leaves are limited to the treated area. A study with peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) grown in the field and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown in hydroponics. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:2. [PMID: 24478782 PMCID: PMC3895801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Crop Fe deficiency is a worldwide problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of foliar Fe applications in two species grown in different environments: peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees grown in the field and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. "Orbis") grown in hydroponics. The distal half of Fe-deficient, chlorotic leaves was treated with Fe sulfate by dipping and using a brush in peach trees and sugar beet plants, respectively. The re-greening of the distal (Fe-treated) and basal (untreated) leaf areas was monitored, and the nutrient and photosynthetic pigment composition of the two areas were also determined. Leaves were also studied using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, low temperature-scanning electron microscopy microanalysis, scanning transmission ion microscopy-particle induced X-ray emission and Perls Fe staining. The distal, Fe-treated leaf parts of both species showed a significant increase in Fe concentrations (across the whole leaf volume) and marked re-greening, with significant increases in the concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments, as well as decreases in de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids and increases in photochemical efficiency. In the basal, untreated leaf parts, Fe concentrations increased slightly, but little re-greening occurred. No changes in the concentrations of other nutrients were found. Foliar Fe fertilization was effective in re-greening treated leaf areas both in peach trees and sugar beet plants. Results indicate that the effects of foliar Fe-sulfate fertilization in Fe-deficient, chlorotic leaves were minor outside the leaf surface treated, indicating that Fe mobility within the leaf is a major constraint for full fertilizer effectiveness in crops where Fe-deficiency is established and leaf chlorosis occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi El-Jendoubi
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Saúl Vázquez
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones AgrariasValencia, Spain
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fermín Morales
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fermín Morales, Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, PO Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain e-mail:
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Pongrac P, Vogel-Mikuš K, Jeromel L, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Kaulich B, Gianoncelli A, Eichert D, Regvar M, Kreft I. Spatially resolved distributions of the mineral elements in the grain of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Singh SP, Vogel-Mikuš K, Arčon I, Vavpetič P, Jeromel L, Pelicon P, Kumar J, Tuli R. Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:3249-60. [PMID: 23918965 PMCID: PMC3733147 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. In cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. However, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. The present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting grain iron content using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to determine the proportion of divalent and trivalent forms of Fe in the grains. It revealed the abundance of oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur in the local chemical environment of Fe in grains, as Fe-O-P-R and Fe-O-S-R coordination. Contrasting differences were noticed in tissue-specific relative localization of Fe, P, and S among the different genotypes, suggesting a possible effect of localization pattern on iron bioavailability. The current study reports the shift in iron distribution from maternal to filial tissues of grains during the evolution of wheat from its wild relatives to the present-day cultivated varieties, and thus suggests the value of detailed physical localization studies in varietal improvement programmes for food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir P. Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8, Mohali 160071, India
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Arčon
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, POB 301, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Jeromel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8, Mohali 160071, India
| | - Rakesh Tuli
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biotechnology, C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8, Mohali 160071, India
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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31
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Novak S, Drobne D, Golobič M, Zupanc J, Romih T, Gianoncelli A, Kiskinova M, Kaulich B, Pelicon P, Vavpetič P, Jeromel L, Ogrinc N, Makovec D. Cellular internalization of dissolved cobalt ions from ingested CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: in vivo experimental evidence. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:5400-5408. [PMID: 23578201 DOI: 10.1021/es305132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With a model invertebrate animal, we have assessed the fate of magnetic nanoparticles in biologically relevant media, i.e., digestive juices. The toxic potential and the internalization of such nanoparticles by nontarget cells were also examined. The aim of this study was to provide experimental evidence on the formation of Co(2+), Fe(2+), and Fe(3+) ions from CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the digestive juices of a model organism. Standard toxicological parameters were assessed. Cell membrane stability was tested with a modified method for measurement of its quality. Proton-induced X-ray emission and low energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence were used to study internalization and distribution of Co and Fe. Co(2+) ions were found to be more toxic than nanoparticles. We confirmed that Co(2+) ions accumulate in the hepatopancreas, but Fe(n+) ions or CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles are not retained in vivo. A model biological system with a terrestrial isopod is suited to studies of the potential dissolution of ions and other products from metal-containing nanoparticles in biologically complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Lyubenova L, Pongrac P, Vogel-Mikuš K, Mezek GK, Vavpetič P, Grlj N, Regvar M, Pelicon P, Schröder P. The fate of arsenic, cadmium and lead in Typha latifolia: a case study on the applicability of micro-PIXE in plant ionomics. J Hazard Mater 2013; 248-249:371-378. [PMID: 23416480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the uptake, accumulation and distribution of toxic elements in plants is crucial to the design of effective phytoremediation strategies, especially in the case of complex multi-element pollution. Using micro-proton induced X-ray emission, the spatial distribution of Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Cd and Pb have been quantitatively resolved in roots and rhizomes of an obligate wetland plant species, Typha latifolia, treated with a mixture of 100 μM each of As, Cd and Pb, together. The highest concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were found in the roots of the T. latifolia, with tissue-specific distributions. The As was detected in the root rhizodermis, and in the rhizome the majority of the As was within the vascular tissues, which indicates the high mobility of As within T. latifolia. The Cd was detected in the root exodermis, and in the vascular bundle and epidermis of the rhizome. The highest Pb concentrations were detected in the root rhizodermis and exodermis, and in the epidermis of the rhizome. These data represent an essential step in the resolution of fundamental questions in plant ionomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Lyubenova
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Singh S, Vogel-Mikus K, Pelicon P, Vavpetic P, Jeromel L, Feng R, Chibbar R, Roy J, Mantri S, Kumar J, Tuli R. New insights into iron transport from maternal tissues to endosperm in mature wheat seed using synchrotron radiation. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-837x.2012.00146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.P. Singh
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI; ), Department of Biotechnology; C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8; Mohali; India
| | - K. Vogel-Mikus
- Biotechnical Faculty; Department of Biology; Vecna pot 111; SI-1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - P. Pelicon
- Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39; SI-1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - P. Vavpetic
- Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39; SI-1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - L. Jeromel
- Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39; SI-1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - R. Feng
- Canadian Light Source, 101 Perimeter Road; Saskatoon; SK S7N 0X4; Canada
| | - R. Chibbar
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon; S7N 5A8; Canada
| | - J.K. Roy
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI; ), Department of Biotechnology; C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8; Mohali; India
| | - S.S. Mantri
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI; ), Department of Biotechnology; C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8; Mohali; India
| | - J. Kumar
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI; ), Department of Biotechnology; C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8; Mohali; India
| | - R. Tuli
- National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI; ), Department of Biotechnology; C-127, Industrial Area, Phase-8; Mohali; India
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Cestone B, Vogel-Mikuš K, Quartacci MF, Rascio N, Pongrac P, Pelicon P, Vavpetič P, Grlj N, Jeromel L, Kump P, Nečemer M, Regvar M, Navari-Izzo F. Use of micro-PIXE to determine spatial distributions of copper in Brassica carinata plants exposed to CuSO4 or CuEDDS. Sci Total Environ 2012; 427-428:339-46. [PMID: 22542302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms that govern copper (Cu) uptake, distribution and tolerance in Brassica carinata plants in the presence of chelators is needed before significant progress in chelate-assisted Cu phytoextraction can be made. The aims of this study were therefore to characterise (S,S)-N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS)-assisted Cu uptake, and to compare the spatial distribution patterns of Cu in the roots and leaves of B. carinata plants. The plants were treated with 30 μM or 150 μM CuSO(4) or CuEDDS in hydroponic solution. Quantitative Cu distribution maps and concentration profiles across root and leaf cross-sections of the desorbed plants were obtained by micro-proton induced X-ray emission. In roots, the 30 μM treatments with both CuSO(4) and CuEDDS resulted in higher Cu concentrations in epidermal/cortical regions. At 150 μM CuSO(4), Cu was mainly accumulated in root vascular bundles, whereas with 150 μM CuEDDS, Cu was detected in endodermis and the adjacent inner cortical cell layer. Under all treatments, except with a H(+)-ATP-ase inhibitor, the Cu in leaves was localised mainly in vascular tissues. The incubation of plants with 150 μM CuEDDS enhanced metal translocation to shoots, in comparison to the corresponding CuSO(4) treatment. Inhibition of H(+)-ATPase activity resulted in reduced Cu accumulation in 30 μM CuEDDS-treated roots and 150 μM CuEDDS-treated leaves, and induced changes in Cu distribution in the leaves. This indicates that active mechanisms are involved in retaining Cu in the leaf vascular tissues, which prevent its transport to photosynthetically active tissues. The physiological significance of EDDS-assisted Cu uptake is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Cestone
- Department of Biology of Crop Plants, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
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35
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Novak S, Drobne D, Valant J, Pipan-Tkalec Ž, Pelicon P, Vavpetič P, Grlj N, Falnoga I, Mazej D, Remškar M. Cell membrane integrity and internalization of ingested TiO(2) nanoparticles by digestive gland cells of a terrestrial isopod. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012; 31:1083-90. [PMID: 22447647 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was motivated by the paucity of reports on cellular internalization of ingested titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)). The model invertebrate (Porcellio scaber, Isopoda, Crustacea) was exposed to food dosed with nano-TiO(2) containing 100, 1,000, 3,000, or 5,000 µg nano-TiO(2) per gram of food. After 14 d of exposure, the amount of Ti in the entire body was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses of tissue cross sections were performed by particle induced X-ray emission. In addition, a series of toxicological markers including feeding parameters, weight change, and survival, as well as cytotoxic effects such as digestive gland cell membrane stability, were monitored. Internalization of ingested nano-TiO(2) by the isopod's digestive gland epithelial cells was shown to depend on cell membrane integrity. Cell membranes were found to be destabilized by TiO(2) particles, and at higher extracellular concentrations of nano-TiO(2), the nanoparticles were internalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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36
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Lyubenova L, Pongrac P, Vogel-Mikuš K, Mezek GK, Vavpetič P, Grlj N, Kump P, Nečemer M, Regvar M, Pelicon P, Schröder P. Localization and quantification of Pb and nutrients in Typha latifolia by micro-PIXE. Metallomics 2012; 4:333-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Pongrac P, Vogel-Mikuš K, Regvar M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Kreft I. Improved lateral discrimination in screening the elemental composition of buckwheat grain by micro-PIXE. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:1275-1280. [PMID: 21226516 DOI: 10.1021/jf103150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The elemental composition of specific fractions of cereal and pseudocereal grains can be roughly estimated after milling. Alternatively, the elemental localization of cross-sectioned grains can be quantitatively analyzed by microproton induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE), taking advantage of high elemental sensitivity and low lateral resolution. We present a micro-PIXE study on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) grain, with a detailed description of the elemental distributions. Elements such as Mg, P, S, K, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn were preferentially localized in the cotyledons and embryonic axis; however, significant amounts of K and Fe were also found in the pericarp. The aleurone layer covering the cotyledons was especially enriched in S and P, while testa, a thin layer above the aleurone did not show any significant element enrichments. The highest concentrations of Al, Si, Cl, Ca, and Ti were found in the pericarp. A detailed element localization study of pericarp layers revealed that the inner layer was enriched in K, Mn, Ca, and Fe, while the outer layer showed enrichments in Na, Mg, P, S, and Al. On the basis of the data obtained, milling techniques can be adapted to obtain milling fractions with targeted nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pongrac
- Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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38
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Bučar T, Smodiš B, Pelicon P, Simčič J, Jaćimović R. Micro-PIXE characterization of reference samples intended for QA/QC of k0 NAA. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-1702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Vogel-Mikuš K, Regvar M, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Simčič J, Pelicon P, Budnar M. Spatial distribution of cadmium in leaves of metal hyperaccumulating Thlaspi praecox using micro-PIXE. New Phytol 2008; 179:712-721. [PMID: 18554265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
* Localization of cadmium (Cd) and other elements was studied in the leaves of the field-collected cadmium/zinc (Cd/Zn) hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox from an area polluted with heavy metals near a lead mine and smelter in Slovenia, using micro-PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission). * The samples were prepared using cryofixation. Quantitative elemental maps and average concentrations in whole-leaf cross-sections and selected tissues were obtained. * Cd was preferentially localized in the lower epidermis (820 microg g(-1) DW), vascular bundles and upper epidermis, whereas about twice the lower concentrations were found in the mesophyll. * Taking into account the large volume of the mesophyll compared with the epidermis, the mesophyll is indicated as a relatively large pool of Cd, possibly involved in Cd detoxification/dilution at the tissue and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Regvar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Materials Research Group, iThemba LABS, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jure Simčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Budnar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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40
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Lablanquie P, Penent F, Hall RI, Kjeldsen H, Eland JH, Muehleisen A, Pelicon P, Smit &Z, &Zbreve;itnik M, Koike F. Coster-kronig decay of the ar2s hole observed by auger-threshold photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:47-50. [PMID: 11015831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Coster-Kronig lines associated with Ar2s decay have been resolved within the natural linewidth of the 2s hole for the first time. This was possible by a new spectroscopic technique, relying on resonance enhanced double photoionization, Auger-threshold photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy. Contrary to standard Auger spectroscopy, this technique can filter out weak components in Auger spectra corresponding to a well-defined inner-shell state and, furthermore, can achieve a resolution no longer limited by the lifetime of the inner-shell hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lablanquie
- L.U.R.E. Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, Batiment 209D, BP 34, 91898 Orsay Cedex, France
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