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Machado AS, Dias G, P Carvalho I. Disentangling the relationship between sensory processing, alexithymia and broad autism spectrum: A study in parents' of children with autism spectrum disorders and sensory processing disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 149:104742. [PMID: 38678875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic features and sensory processing difficulties and their phenotypic co-expression with alexithymia share a transdiagnostic vulnerability. In this work, we explored whether the current concept of broad autism phenotype rather translates altered sensory processing (non-specific to autism), meaning that the characteristics of altered sensory processing should be overexpressed among individuals with heightened vulnerability to sensory processing atypicalities (parents of children with sensorial processing disorder, or SPD parents) and individuals with heightened vulnerability to autistic traits (parents of children with autism spectrum disorders, or ASD parents). In addition, the association between altered sensory processing and alexithymia was inspected. METHOD The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Autism Spectrum Quotient, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale were completed by 31 parents of children with ASD, 32 parents of children with SPD, and 52 parents of typically developed (TD) children. RESULTS Extreme sensory patterns were overexpressed both in parents of children with SPD and parents of children with ASD when compared to parents of TD children. In addition, extreme sensory patterns were significantly associated with alexithymia scores. Specifically, sensory avoidance, low registration, and sensory sensitivity were positively correlated with alexithymia. No significant differences were found regarding the proportion of autistic traits and alexithymia between ASD and SPD groups of parents. CONCLUSIONS These results challenge the specificity of broad autism phenotype and suggest a neurodevelopmental atypicity with roots in altered sensory and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Machado
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Psychiatry Service of São João University Hospital Center (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Goretti Dias
- Child and Adolescence Psychiatry Service, Santo António University Hospital Center (CHUSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene P Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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2
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Dudas A, Nakahara TS, Pellissier LP, Chamero P. Parenting behaviors in mice: Olfactory mechanisms and features in models of autism spectrum disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105686. [PMID: 38657845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Rodents, along with numerous other mammals, heavily depend on olfactory cues to navigate their social interactions. Processing of olfactory sensory inputs is mediated by conserved brain circuits that ultimately trigger social behaviors, such as social interactions and parental care. Although innate, parenting is influenced by internal states, social experience, genetics, and the environment, and any significant disruption of these factors can impact the social circuits. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and social circuits from the olfactory epithelium to central processing that initiate parental behaviors and their dysregulations that may contribute to the social impairments in mouse models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We discuss recent advances of the crucial role of olfaction in parental care, its consequences for social interactions, and the reciprocal influence on social interaction impairments in mouse models of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dudas
- Team biology of GPCR Signaling systems (BIOS), CNRS, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Thiago S Nakahara
- Team Neuroendocrine Integration of Reproduction and Behavior (INERC), CNRS, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Lucie P Pellissier
- Team biology of GPCR Signaling systems (BIOS), CNRS, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France.
| | - Pablo Chamero
- Team Neuroendocrine Integration of Reproduction and Behavior (INERC), CNRS, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France.
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Opoku MP, Mustafa A, Anwahi N, Shah H, Aldhaheri S, Almeqbaali A, Alkateri T, Belbase S. Exploring Collaborative Efforts Toward Promoting Better Eating Habits among Autistic Children in the United Arab Emirates. LINACRE QUARTERLY 2024; 91:193-213. [PMID: 38726315 PMCID: PMC11078127 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231156701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
According to the principle of duty of care, adults in the lives of children with disabilities such as autistic children are expected to promote their development. The Nutbeam's health literacy model was adopted to explore the efforts of special education teachers and parents toward promoting better eating habits among autistic children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Twenty-one participants, comprising fifteen special education teachers and six parents with autistic children, were examined in this study. The results indicated that some special education teachers' and parents' limited understanding of unhealthy food might impact the development of autistic children. Furthermore, the findings also highlight the lack of collaboration and communication between teachers regarding the nutrition and healthy living of autistic children. The findings have practical consequences, such as urging UAE health policymakers to provide professional development for special education instructors and parents of autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Peprah Opoku
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Mustafa
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora Anwahi
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haseena Shah
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Aldhaheri
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Almeqbaali
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thara Alkateri
- Special Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shashidhar Belbase
- Curriculum and Method of Instruction, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Postma A, Ketelaar M, van Nispen Tot Sevenaer J, Downs Z, van Rappard D, Jongmans M, Zinkstok J. Exploring individual parent-to-parent support interventions for parents caring for children with brain-based developmental disabilities: A scoping review. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13255. [PMID: 38587275 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-based developmental disabilities (BBDDs) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders including autism, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy or genetic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Parents caring for a child with BBDD face multiple challenges that cause increased stress and high risk of mental health problems. Peer-based support by fellow parents for a various range of patient groups has shown potential to provide emotional, psychological and practical support. Here, we aim to explore existing literature on individual peer-to-peer support (iP2PS) interventions for parents caring for children with BBDD with a view to (1) explore the impact of iP2PS interventions on parents and (2) identify challenges and facilitators of iP2PS. METHOD An extensive literature search (January 2023) was performed, and a thematic analysis was conducted to synthesize findings. RESULTS Fourteen relevant articles revealed three major themes regarding the impact of iP2PS on parents: (1) emotional and psychological well-being, (2) quality of life and (3) practical issues. Four themes were identified describing challenges and facilitators of iP2PS: (1) benefits and burden of giving support, (2) matching parent-pairs, (3) logistic challenges and solutions and (4) training and supervision of parents providing peer support. CONCLUSIONS This review revealed that iP2PS has a positive impact on the emotional and psychological well-being of parents, as well as the overall quality of life for families caring for a child with a BBDD. Individual P2PS offers peer-parents an opportunity to support others who are facing challenges similar to those they have experienced themselves. However, many questions still need to be addressed regarding benefits of different iP2PS styles, methods of tailoring support to individual needs and necessity of training and supervision for peer support providers. Future research should focus on defining these components and evaluating benefits to establish effective iP2PS that can be provided as standard care practice for parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Postma
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy and Sports; Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- De Hoogstraat, Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zahra Downs
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diane van Rappard
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Jongmans
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Zinkstok
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Xu Q, Li H, Zhu D. Socioeconomic status, personality, and major mental disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38678036 PMCID: PMC11055884 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested a correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental diseases, while personality traits may be associated with SES and the risk of mental disorders. However, the causal nature of these associations remains largely uncertain. Our Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to explore the bidirectional causality between SES and mental disorders, as well as to evaluate the potential mediating role of personality in these associations. Using bidirectional MR approach, we assessed the causality between SES indicators and mental disorders. We then used a two-step MR method to further investigate whether and to what extent personality mediates the causal associations in Caucasians. The forward MR analyses identified that years of education, household income, age at first birth and the Townsend deprivation index had a causal association with at least one mental disorder. The reverse MR analyses identified causal effects of genetically predicted schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on five SES indicators. Importantly, mediation analysis showed that neuroticism partly mediated the causality of household income and years of education on major depressive disorder, respectively. In brief, our study confirmed the bidirectional relationship between SES and mental disorders. We also revealed the role of neuroticism in mediating the association between SES and major depressive disorder, highlighting the importance of considering both socioeconomic and personality factors in mental health research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Ma J, Liu D, Zhao J, Fang X, Bu D. Unraveling the immunogenetic landscape of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive bioinformatics approach. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347139. [PMID: 38726016 PMCID: PMC11080648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disease characterized by social disorder. Recently, the population affected by ASD has gradually increased around the world. There are great difficulties in diagnosis and treatment at present. Methods The ASD datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the immune-relevant genes were downloaded from a previously published compilation. Subsequently, we used WGCNA to screen the modules related to the ASD and immune. We also choose the best combination and screen out the core genes from Consensus Machine Learning Driven Signatures (CMLS). Subsequently, we evaluated the genetic correlation between immune cells and ASD used GNOVA. And pleiotropic regions identified by PLACO and CPASSOC between ASD and immune cells. FUMA was used to identify pleiotropic regions, and expression trait loci (EQTL) analysis was used to determine their expression in different tissues and cells. Finally, we use qPCR to detect the gene expression level of the core gene. Results We found a close relationship between neutrophils and ASD, and subsequently, CMLS identified a total of 47 potential candidate genes. Secondly, GNOVA showed a significant genetic correlation between neutrophils and ASD, and PLACO and CPASSOC identified a total of 14 pleiotropic regions. We annotated the 14 regions mentioned above and identified a total of 6 potential candidate genes. Through EQTL, we found that the CFLAR gene has a specific expression pattern in neutrophils, suggesting that it may serve as a potential biomarker for ASD and is closely related to its pathogenesis. Conclusions In conclusion, our study yields unprecedented insights into the molecular and genetic heterogeneity of ASD through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. These valuable findings hold significant implications for tailoring personalized ASD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Ma
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Deyang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xiaolu Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Dengyin Bu
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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Gale-Grant O, Chew A, Falconer S, França LGS, Fenn-Moltu S, Hadaya L, Harper N, Ciarrusta J, Charman T, Murphy D, Arichi T, McAlonan G, Nosarti C, Edwards AD, Batalle D. Clinical, socio-demographic, and parental correlates of early autism traits in a community cohort of toddlers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8393. [PMID: 38600134 PMCID: PMC11006842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors linked to autism traits in the general population may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying divergent neurodevelopment. In this study we assess whether factors increasing the likelihood of childhood autism are related to early autistic trait emergence, or if other exposures are more important. We used data from 536 toddlers from London (UK), collected at birth (gestational age at birth, sex, maternal body mass index, age, parental education, parental language, parental history of neurodevelopmental conditions) and at 18 months (parents cohabiting, measures of socio-economic deprivation, measures of maternal parenting style, and a measure of maternal depression). Autism traits were assessed using the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) at 18 months. A multivariable model explained 20% of Q-CHAT variance, with four individually significant variables (two measures of parenting style and two measures of socio-economic deprivation). In order to address variable collinearity we used principal component analysis, finding that a component which was positively correlated with Q-CHAT was also correlated to measures of parenting style and socio-economic deprivation. Our results show that parenting style and socio-economic deprivation correlate with the emergence of autism traits at age 18 months as measured with the Q-CHAT in a community sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gale-Grant
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucas G S França
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sunniva Fenn-Moltu
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Harper
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Judit Ciarrusta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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Davy G, Barbaro J, Unwin K, Clark M, Jellett R, Date P, Muniandy M, Dissanayake C. Leisure, community, workforce participation and quality of life in primary and secondary caregivers of autistic children. Autism Res 2024; 17:799-811. [PMID: 38414177 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Parents of Autistic children often modify their participation in leisure, social, and employment activities to meet the caregiving needs of their child. However, few studies have examined the impact this has on caregiver quality of life (QoL). The aim in the current study was to examine the role of participation in a range of activities on QoL amongst primary and secondary caregivers of school-aged Autistic children. Eighty-eight primary (93% mothers) and 63 secondary (91% fathers) caregivers of Autistic children (aged 7- to 12-years) participated in this cross-sectional study, with time pressure, participation, social support, parenting stress, and QoL measured via an online questionnaire. Compared to secondary caregivers, primary caregivers reported fewer employment hours, increased time pressure, less participation in desired activities, and higher perceived responsibility of domestic and child-rearing tasks. Similar levels of leisure frequency, parenting stress, and QoL were identified by both caregivers. Hierarchical regression revealed caregiver participation as important for QoL in both primary and secondary caregivers. However, when measures of caregiver well-being were added to the model, the unique contribution of participation to QoL was reduced, particularly for secondary caregivers. Overall, the findings demonstrate that despite differences in caregiver roles and responsibilities, participation in meaningful activities was important for QoL in all caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Davy
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine Barbaro
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katy Unwin
- Department of Psychology, Counselling & Therapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Clark
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Jellett
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Perrin Date
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Muniandy
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Kei N, Hassiotis A, Royston R. The effectiveness of parent-Child observation in parent-Mediated programmes for children with developmental disabilities and externalizing disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:713-736. [PMID: 37748447 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231203097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the treatment effects of communication-focused parent-mediated interventions (CF-PMT), a form of intervention that involves therapists observing parent-child interactions and giving feedback to parents on how they can practice positive parenting strategies to prevent or reduce externalizing behaviours in children with developmental disabilities. A literature search was conducted on three electronic databases. To be included in the review, studies had to: evaluate CF-PMT where therapists give feedback after observing parent-child interactions; examine changes in externalizing behaviours amongst children with any forms of developmental disability; and adopt a randomised controlled trial study design. Fifteen studies met eligible criteria for the literature review, of those, 13 studies had available data on changes in the primary (child externalizing behaviours) and secondary outcomes (parental stress, child linguistic abilities and child social responsiveness). We found significant treatment effects for CF-PMT in reducing child externalizing behaviours (d = -.60) but not for any of the secondary outcomes. A sensitivity analysis showed a small but significant treatment effect for parental stress (d = -.18). Considerable bias was observed due to the lack of available information reported by studies on aspects measured by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Overall, we found evidence to support the benefits of complex interventions which incorporate direct parent-child observations and feedback to improve behavioural outcomes amongst children with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Kei
- University College London, London, UK
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10
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Hu Y, Sun X, Yao C, Luo S, Liu B, Xue M, Lyu H. Object-centered family interactions for young autistic children: a diary study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5460. [PMID: 38443572 PMCID: PMC10915142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autistic Children often struggle with social interaction and communication, studies have found that many of them prefer to interact with objects than people. However, there is a lack of research exploring the specific characteristics and factors involved in interactions within families with autistic children where objects are the center of the interaction. This paper describes the process and findings of a diary study exploring how young autistic children interact with their families through objects in natural scenarios. A one-week diary study was conducted with six families with young autistic children. Diary videos were recorded onsite and coded later according to a social interaction behavior scheme with corresponding diary entries. Qualitative data analysis was conducted to reveal possible patterns. Results revealed ongoing difficulties in establishing and maintaining family interaction and identified influential factors of object-centered family interaction. The most prevalent pattern observed was parents taking the lead in interactions, followed by the child's confirmation response. Remarkably, daily necessities emerged as potential physical mediums for enhancing family interactions, opening avenues for exploring tangible designs in human-computer interaction. These findings offer valuable implications for future research and the development of innovative designs that promote enriching interactions for autistic children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, 315101, China.
| | - Cheng Yao
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shijian Luo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bingjian Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, 315101, China
| | - Mengru Xue
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hui Lyu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
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11
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Benarous X, Guilé JM, Consoli A. Letter to the editors: an interactive model to understand the vulnerability to emotional disorders in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders-a triple jeopardy? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:935-937. [PMID: 37079134 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Benarous
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Amiens University Hospital, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Site Sud, 80054, Amiens, France.
- INSERM Unit U1105 Research Group for Analysis of the Multimodal Cerebral Function, University of Picardy Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Guilé
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Amiens University Hospital, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Site Sud, 80054, Amiens, France
- INSERM Unit U1105 Research Group for Analysis of the Multimodal Cerebral Function, University of Picardy Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
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12
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Kadi R, Gayed F, Kauzman P, Amam Ali Z, Dmitriev I, Mikhael V, Ghabi R, Hamamji J, Jabbour S, Mrchak M, Guirguis N, Metras ME, Becciolini L, Vassel FM, Gutzeit A, Cresson J, Froehlich JM, Higgs T, Dufour MM, Matoori S. Autism spectrum disorder: Practice guidelines for pharmacists. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2024; 157:58-65. [PMID: 38463173 PMCID: PMC10924569 DOI: 10.1177/17151635241228495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Kadi
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fady Gayed
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Kauzman
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zohal Amam Ali
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iliya Dmitriev
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Mikhael
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rawane Ghabi
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Hamamji
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Jabbour
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monique Mrchak
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Guirguis
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Becciolini
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Faye-Marie Vassel
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andreas Gutzeit
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Breast Center St. Anna, Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jeanne Cresson
- Clinical Research Group, Klus Apotheke Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tamsin Higgs
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Simon Matoori
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Bradley RS, Staples GL, Quetsch LB, Aloia LS, Brown CE, Kanne SM. Associations Between Parenting Stress and Quality Time in Families of Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:829-840. [PMID: 36626008 PMCID: PMC9830131 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased stress among parents of youth with ASD has been well-documented. However, research on aspects of the parent-child relationship and subsequent links to parenting stress is limited. We assessed parents (N = 511) of youth with ASD to examine relations between parenting stress and parent-child quality time (amount of quality time, shared enjoyment, synchronicity). Elevated parenting stress was associated with less time spent engaging with youth in shared activities and decreased parent and child enjoyment during shared interactions. Parents with elevated stress reported engaging in shared activities and experiencing synchronicity with their child less often than parents below the clinical threshold. Future research should emphasize longitudinal efforts examining the directionality of this relationship to better inform family-focused intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Bradley
- University of Arkansas, 316B Memorial Hall, 72701, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Grace L Staples
- University of Arkansas, 316B Memorial Hall, 72701, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lauren B Quetsch
- University of Arkansas, 316B Memorial Hall, 72701, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lindsey S Aloia
- University of Arkansas, 316B Memorial Hall, 72701, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Cynthia E Brown
- Pacific University, College Way, 97116, Forest Grove, OR, USA
| | - Stephen M Kanne
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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Chaki HB, Faran Y. The Effect of Family Characteristics on the Functioning of a Child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Bedouin Society in Israel. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06255-z. [PMID: 38356022 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in communication and social-emotional interaction. It is associated with an increase of parental stress and poor family functioning, both of which are harmful for a child's functioning and adaptive behavior. An important source of support to parents are grandparents, especially in traditional populations. One such population is the Bedouin population. The present study tested the association between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law to the adaptive behavior of children with ASD, and whether this relation is serially mediated by family functioning and satisfaction in life as reported by Bedouin mothers of children with ASD. 100 mothers of children with ASD fulfilled a questionnaire about emotional support from their mothers and mother-in-law, family functioning, satisfaction in life and child's adaptive behavior. We found that indeed, family functioning and satisfaction in life serially mediated the relations between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law and child adaptive behavior. These findings indicate that intergenerational solidarity between women can improve not only the functioning of the nuclear family and wife's satisfaction with life, but also, indirectly, the adaptive behavior of a child with ASD. It highlights the importance of women solidarity, especially in traditional society, where women are kept marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Binoun Chaki
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St, Ashkelon, 78211, Israel.
| | - Yifat Faran
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St, Ashkelon, 78211, Israel
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15
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Marshall C, Hoshi R, Gregory J. Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01660-4. [PMID: 38319471 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Growing interest in the links between parent-child relationships and child behavioural presentations in families of autistic children has led to an increased use of the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE) in autism research. This review focuses on studies exploring the relationships between parental EE and behavioural outcomes in autistic children. Electronic searches of six databases and grey literature wielded eight studies that met eligibility criteria. Study designs were a mixture of cross-sectional and longitudinal and quality of studies was variable. Parental criticism was largely positively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Warmth was mostly negatively related to, and showed some predictive value for, child behaviour problems. Preliminary evidence from one study showed paternal warmth to be significantly related to child behaviours, whilst child behaviours were also significantly related to paternal warmth, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Analysis of additional EE components produced variable results, however parental stress and depressive symptoms were consistently related to child behaviour, and preliminary evidence suggests a possible role of maternal education level and family cohesion. Outcomes were variable across FMSS coding systems and greater consistency in their application is needed in future research. The current findings suggest that parental EE has an important relationship with child behaviour and future intervention efforts may benefit from aiming to reduced EE in order to improve child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Marshall
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Tower Building, 11th Floor, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Rosa Hoshi
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Gregory
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Oppenheim D, Koren-Karie N, Slonim M, Mottes-Peleg M, Sher-Censor E, Dolev S, Yirmiya N. Maternal and paternal insightfulness and reaction to the diagnosis in families of preschoolers with Autism spectrum disorder: associations with observed parental sensitivity and inter-parent interaction. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:22-40. [PMID: 38451115 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2326416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Sensitivity among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is based on parental insightfulness and on resolution regarding the child's diagnosis. This has been supported in studies of mothers, and we examined whether the same is true regarding fathers. Also, we asked whether parents' Insightfulness and Resolution tap general mentalization and therefore also be expressed in parent-parent interactions. Eighty preschooler boys with ASD and both of their parents participated. As expected, fathers who were more insightful and mothers who were more resolved were more sensitive. Contrary to expectations, no associations were found between fathers' resolution and mothers' insightfulness and their sensitivity. Associations were found between parental insightfulness and resolution and positive parent-parent interaction. The findings are the first to demonstrate the insightfulness-sensitivity link among fathers of children with ASD. Also, they suggest that both insightfulness and resolution involve general mentalization that is evident both in parent-child and parent-parent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oppenheim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Koren-Karie
- School of Social Work and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Slonim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Mottes-Peleg
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Sher-Censor
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Smadar Dolev
- Oranim Academic College of Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Tivon, Israel
| | - Nurit Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Cano-Villagrasa A, Porcar-Gozalbo N, López-Chicheri García I, López-Zamora M. Case report: Assessment of linguistic, cognitive, and sensory profile competencies in a child with ASD and epilepsy. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1307578. [PMID: 38282835 PMCID: PMC10813201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1307578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and epilepsy pose significant challenges for early diagnosis during childhood. Current scientific literature does not reflect robust action protocols that allow for a detailed screening of difficulties in this population, especially in areas such as language, cognition, and sensory profile. Additionally, detecting epilepsy before the age of 4 is established as a major current public health challenge in our society. Objective The aim was to evaluate a patient exhibiting symptoms compatible with both ASD and epilepsy, determining the linguistic, cognitive, and sensory profile through a clinical assessment protocol. Furthermore, the objective included establishing a diagnosis of ASD. Method This single-case study (N = 1) presents the evaluation of a 7-year-old patient with suspected ASD, experiencing a decline in linguistic and cognitive competencies following a documented epileptic episode. Evaluation was conducted using instruments such as CELF-5, PROLEC-R, WISC-V, ENFEN, PS-2, ADI-R, and ADOS-2. Results Following assessment of language, cognition, sensory aspects, and behaviors associated with ASD, the diagnosis of ASD was confirmed in the patient, along with impairments in expressive and receptive language, executive functioning, and alterations in the sensory profile. Conclusion Diagnosing ASD and epilepsy, as well as their evaluation, is a complex process requiring interdisciplinary assessment involving a detailed exploration of all functional competencies in individuals with this comorbidity. Future studies should focus on creating and improving existing protocols to develop optimal and effective evaluation strategies for assessing this population during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cano-Villagrasa
- UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadia Porcar-Gozalbo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel López-Zamora
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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18
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Dollion N, Poirier M, Auffret F, François N, Plusquellec P, Grandgeorge M. Effects of service dogs on children with ASD's symptoms and parents' well-being: On the importance of considering those effects with a more systemic perspective. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295702. [PMID: 38170689 PMCID: PMC10763939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of a service dog can have numerous benefits for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, although integration takes place within a family, little is known about the dynamics of these benefits on the family microsystem. Thus, the aim of our study was to propose a more systemic perspective, not only by investigating the benefits of SD integration, but also by exploring the relationships between improvements in children with ASD, parents' well-being, parenting strategies and the quality of the child-dog relationship. Twenty parent-child with ASD dyads were followed before, as well as 3 and 6 months after service dog integration. At each stage, parents completed an online survey which included: the Autism Behavior Inventory (ABI-S), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), the Parenting Stress Index Short Version (PSI-SF), the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS) and the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). First, repeated measure one-way ANOVAs revealed that both children's ASD symptoms and parents' anxiety decreased significantly after service dog integration. Additionally, Spearman correlations revealed that the more ASD symptoms decreased, the more parent's anxiety and parenting stress also decreased. Second, the quality of the child-dog relationship appeared to contribute to those benefits on both children's ASD symptoms and parents' well-being. Interestingly, parenting strategies seemed to adapt according to these benefits and to the quality of the child-dog relationship. Through a more systemic perspective, this study highlighted that the integration of a service dog involved reciprocal and dynamic effects for children with ASD and their parents, and shed new light on the processes that may underlie the effects of a service dog for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dollion
- Laboratoire C2S (Cognition Santé Société)–EA6291, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Margot Poirier
- CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine)—UMR6552, Normandie Univ, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Pierrich Plusquellec
- Centre d’études en sciences de la communication non verbale, Research Centre, Montréal Mental Health University Institute, CIUSSS Est, Montréal, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marine Grandgeorge
- CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine)—UMR6552, Normandie Univ, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
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Khougar A, Baba Ahmadi P, Ranjbar H, Ahadi M, Ahadi P. Exploring the varied manifestations of structural violence in the lives of children on the autism spectrum and their families: a qualitative longitudinal study in Kurdistan, Iran. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:263. [PMID: 38110989 PMCID: PMC10729435 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many dimensions regarding autism that are closely connected to social structures, policies, and power dynamics, silently impacting the well-being of individuals within the autism spectrum. This research aims to explore these overlooked aspects using a theoretical framework called "structural violence." METHODS The study was conducted in Kurdistan, Iran, and a qualitative longitudinal approach was chosen. A purposive sampling method was employed to select the participants, with 11 parents taking part. The study data comprised 29 interviews using a topic guide conducted over a span of 2 years. Thematic analysis and a matrix-based approach were utilized for data analysis. To enhance the scientific rigor of this research, four criteria, including Guba and Lincoln's principles, were implemented to ensure methodological accuracy. RESULTS The research findings highlight four primary forms through which structural violence impacts children on the autism spectrum and their families: access to healthcare, geographic disparities, awareness and stigma, and poverty and financial burden. Additionally, the study identified 11 subthemes related to structural violence in the context of autism and families. CONCLUSIONS We illustrated how structural forces create barriers to accessing adequate healthcare services, exacerbate discrimination based on ethnicity and geography, perpetuate stigma, and contribute to poverty and the inability to meet basic needs. These factors not only worsen health issues but also deepen existing disparities in healthcare access and outcomes for children on the autism spectrum and families. We emphasize the urgent need for systemic changes to address these issues. It is essential to promote public awareness, provide better access to health and support services, and address economic and political factors that contribute to these inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Khougar
- Primary Health Care Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Shahryar, Iran
| | - Paria Baba Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shirza University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Ranjbar
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shirza University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ahadi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
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Chen X, Tong J, Jiang B, Ma S, Wang X, Sun X, Liu Y, Yan D, Wang L. Courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in eastern China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1236025. [PMID: 38045614 PMCID: PMC10690950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1236025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The experience and perception of stigma is a common problem among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and has a profound adverse impact on primary caregivers and children with ASD; however, few studies have explored courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD in the Chinese context. The aim of this study was to explore the status of courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, and to conduct in-depth analysis of its predictors from multiple perspectives. Methods An institution-based multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted in the rehabilitation department of a large specialized hospital and 10 rehabilitation centers for children with special needs in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, from October 2022 to February 2023. A structured questionnaire to assess child-related factors, primary caregiver-related factors, courtesy stigma, general self-efficacy, and social support, was used to collect data. Predictors of courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD were identified by linear regression. Results A total of 428 primary caregivers of children with ASD were recruited. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score for courtesy stigma was 7.49 ± 4.13. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that primary caregivers of children with ASD who were not too satisfied with their current marital status (β = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.34-2.08, p < 0.05) were more likely to have a high courtesy stigma; however, significantly lower courtesy stigma was observed in primary caregivers of children with ASD who were not picky eaters (β = -1.33, 95% CI: -2.08 - -0.58, p < 0.05), and who reported low level challenge in caring for children with ASD (β = -1.16, 95% CI: -2.20 - -0.12, p < 0.05), good general self-efficacy (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.25 - -0.06, p < 0.05), and good social support (β = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08 - -0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion There is a high level of courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD in eastern China, and it is affected by numerous factors. More resources should be directed to groups that are more likely to experience stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | | | - Shan Ma
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
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Léniz-Maturana L, Vilaseca R, Leiva D, Gallardo-Rodríguez R. Positive Parenting and Sociodemographic Factors Related to the Development of Chilean Children Born to Adolescent Mothers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1778. [PMID: 38002869 PMCID: PMC10670009 DOI: 10.3390/children10111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The lack of economic resources has a negative effect on the maternal role of younger mothers. In Chile, the majority of adolescent pregnancies occur in socially and economically vulnerable contexts. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between demographic variables within the family context and parenting behaviors among Chilean adolescent mothers (including affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching). These factors were correlated with communication, problem-solving abilities, and personal-social development in typically developing infants. The study included a sample of 79 Chilean adolescent mother-child dyads with children aged 10 to 24 months. Communication, problem-solving, and personal-social development were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, along with a demographic information questionnaire. The parenting behaviors mentioned above were observed using the Spanish version of Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes. The findings indicated that mothers in employment and those who had not dropped out of school had children with better problem-solving skills. Additionally, children residing with their fathers and female children performed better in communication, problem-solving, and personal-social development. Maternal responsiveness was associated with communication and problem-solving, while maternal encouragement was linked to improved problem-solving skills. Maternal teaching was connected to communication, problem-solving, and personal-social development. The study emphasized the significance of parenting and sociodemographic factors among adolescent mothers and their influence on their children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Léniz-Maturana
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosa Vilaseca
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Gallardo-Rodríguez
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4070129, Chile;
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22
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Stefanaki A, Gkogkos G, Varlokosta S, Gena A. Applying a Parent Training Program in a Naturalistic Behavior Analytic Context to Improve Attachment in Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4164-4184. [PMID: 36029399 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Infants develop attachment to their caregivers very early on. The quality of attachment is considered to be crucial for the emotional development of humans and animals alike. Despite its importance, very little is known about how attachment develops between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their caregivers. The purpose of the present study was to assess the attachment patterns of two young children with ASD with their parents and to identify the means for promoting parent, child, and parent-child relational characteristics that may contribute to the development of secure attachment. The results replicated prior findings pertaining to attachment quality of children with ASD and demonstrated the effectiveness of a naturalistic, behavior-analytic intervention in improving the quality of their attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Stefanaki
- Department of Educational Studies of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistaseos 34-38, Nea Filadelfeia, 14343, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Spyridoula Varlokosta
- Lab of Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics, Department of Philology, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Nikomedeias 8, Papagou, 15669, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Gena
- Department of Educational Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Nikomedeias 66, Nea Smyrni, 17124, Athens, Greece
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23
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Liu S, Deng T, Chen M, Ji Y, Dai Y, Zhang T, Zhang L. Parenting confidence and social support as predictors of coping strategies in parents of children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:3946-3955. [PMID: 37209370 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the study were to describe coping strategies in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder at the early stage of diagnosis and to examine the predictive effects of parenting confidence and social support on coping strategies. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sample of 193 parents of children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Guangzhou, China, were included from October 2020 to January 2021. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were employed for data collection. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses examined the relationship between coping strategies and the independent variables. RESULTS The mean positive coping strategies score was higher than the negative coping strategies score. Parenting efficacy, subjective support and support utilization predicted positive coping strategies, and parenting satisfaction was a protective factor against negative coping strategies. CONCLUSION Parents tend to engage in positive coping at the early stage of diagnosis. Improving parenting confidence and social support might help parents adopt positive coping strategies and prevent negative coping. IMPACT More effective and long-term support for families of children with autism spectrum disorder is expected. Interventions should be focused on enhancing parenting satisfaction and efficacy to employ positive coping strategies and decrease negative coping. REPORTING METHOD We adhered to EQUATOR guidelines and reported results based on STROBE guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Deng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoying Chen
- Child Development Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Lingnan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Child Development Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Lingnan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushen Dai
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Giannotti M, Venuti P, De Falco S. Child Attachment Representations and Parenting Stress in Mothers and Fathers of School-Age Children with a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1633. [PMID: 37892296 PMCID: PMC10605204 DOI: 10.3390/children10101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mothers and fathers of autistic children (ASD) tend to report elevated levels of parenting stress. Thus, it is critically important to understand which factors contribute to an imbalance between the perceived demands of parenting and the available psychological resources. To date, little is known about the association between child attachment representations and parenting stress. In this study, we first examined group differences in parenting stress levels based on child diagnosis and parents' gender. Second, we explored the predictive role of child diagnosis, autism severity, and child attachment representations on parenting stress. The study involved 23 school-age children with ASD (IQ > 70), 27 without ASD (7-13 years), and their mothers (n = 50) and fathers (n = 50). Data were collected from 2017 to 2020. Parents completed the Social Responsiveness Scale 2 and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, while the children's attachment representations were assessed using the School-age Assessment of Attachment. Parents of children with ASD reported higher stress compared with controls. No differences were found between mothers and fathers. Implicit attachment representations have been found to be associated with parenting stress only in mothers, while the severity of social impairment showed a significant effect on parenting stress in both parents. These findings revealed the potential benefit of adaptive attachment representations not only for children themselves but also for mothers and the family system, suggesting the bidirectional nature of parent-child relationships in the context of ASD. The uniqueness of maternal and paternal parenting experiences should be considered when parenting stress is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Giannotti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, University of Trento, Via Matteo del Ben 5/b, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Paola Venuti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, University of Trento, Via Matteo del Ben 5/b, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Simona De Falco
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Observation, Diagnosis and Education Lab, University of Trento, Via Matteo del Ben 5/b, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
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Reis RDC, Souza INB, Dias MCR, Mendes CMDM, Almeida KJ. Association of Parental Support with Reduced Stereotypy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1667. [PMID: 37763786 PMCID: PMC10534513 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To analyze the influence of parental presence and use of risperidone on social interaction and apathy among patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in a reference center for patients with ASD in a city in northeastern Brazil. The research was carried out using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Dimensional Apathy Scale, and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) with the domains of social interaction, language, stereotypy, and communication. The referred questionnaire was answered by the parents or guardians of the children with ASD according to the DSM V criteria. Data were analyzed via independent t-test using the SPSS software version 20. Results: Interviews were conducted with 51 parents/guardians of autistic children with a mean age of 8.8 years (±2.95) and a predominance of males, 34 (66.7%). Of this total, 49 (96.1%) of the children attended school; 40 (78.4%) children were on medication, of which 38 (74.5%) were on risperidone. Those children on risperidone had a higher score on the SCQ scale (p = 0.049) and on the domain of stereotyped behaviors (p = 0.033), which indicated greater impairment. Another statistically relevant variable was the presence of married parents, whereby children who did not have the presence of married parents had a higher average of stereotyped behaviors compared to those who had married parents. Conclusions: The results showed differences in the means of social interactions for children on risperidone, especially regarding stereotyped behaviors. However, it is not possible to state whether this difference was due to the use of risperidone or whether they used risperidone precisely because of these behaviors. Also important was that children who had the presence of married parents showed fewer stereotyped behaviors. There was no difference in apathetic behavior between children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renandro de Carvalho Reis
- Department of Medicine, University Center UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina 64073-505, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Center IDOMED/UniFacid, Teresina 64073-505, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduation Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kelson James Almeida
- Department of Medicine, University Center IDOMED/UniFacid, Teresina 64073-505, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduation Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
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Bottema-Beutel K, Kapp SK, Sasson N, Gernsbacher MA, Natri H, Botha M. Anti-ableism and scientific accuracy in autism research: a false dichotomy. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1244451. [PMID: 37743979 PMCID: PMC10514488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1244451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently argued that autism researchers committed to rejecting ableist frameworks in their research may sacrifice "scientifically accurate" conceptualizations of autism. In this perspective piece, we argue that: (a) anti-ableism vs. scientific accuracy is a false dichotomy, (b) there is no ideology-free science that has claim to scientific accuracy, and (c) autism science has a history of false leads in part because of unexamined ableist ideologies that undergird researcher framings and interpretations of evidence. To illustrate our claims, we discuss several avenues of autism research that were promoted as scientific advances, but were eventually debunked or shown to have much less explanatory value than initially proposed. These research programs have involved claims about autism etiology, the nature of autism and autistic characteristics, and autism intervention. Common to these false leads have been ableist assumptions about autism that inform researcher perspectives. Negative impacts of this work have been mitigated in some areas of autism research, but these perspectives continue to exert influence on the lives of autistic people, including the availability of services, discourses about autism, and sociocultural conceptualizations of autistic people. Examining these false leads may help current researchers better understand how ableism may negatively influence their areas of inquiry. We close with a positive argument that promoting anti-ableism can be done in tandem with increasing scientific accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Bottema-Beutel
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven K. Kapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Noah Sasson
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Heini Natri
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Monique Botha
- Psychology Department, Stirling University, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Aslan Genç H, Doenyas C, Aksu Y, Musaoğlu MN, Uzunay S, Mutluer T. Long-term Behavioral Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Autistic Individuals and Their Mothers. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-05933-8. [PMID: 37140744 PMCID: PMC10157142 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic individuals and their families are recently emerging. This study investigated these effects in 40 mother-child dyads by measuring the behavioral problems of autistic individuals (via Aberrant Behavior Checklist) and their mothers' anxiety levels (via Beck Anxiety Inventory) during the pre-pandemic period, one month after, and one year after its onset. One year into the pandemic, aberrant behaviors of autistic individuals worsened only for those whose mothers had high anxiety levels. The continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of autistic individuals is related to their mother's anxiety level, highlighting the need to support maternal mental health in families with individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdem Aslan Genç
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Ceymi Doenyas
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Aksu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Sena Uzunay
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Oppenheim D, Koren-Karie N, Hamburger L, Maccabi Y, Slonim M, Yirmiya N. Parental insightfulness is associated with mother-father-child interactions among families of preschoolers with an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023. [PMID: 36929371 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental insightfulness underlies parental sensitive behavior and is associated with secure attachment among Typically Developing (TD) children and also among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Moving beyond the parent-child dyad, a study of TD children and their parents linked mothers' and fathers' combined insightfulness to triadic interactions. The goal of the current study was to examine this association in families with children with ASD. The hypothesis was that the interactions in families in which both parents are insightful will be more cooperative than in families in which only one or neither parent was insightful. METHODS Eighty preschooler boys with ASD and both of their parents participated in the study. Parental insightfulness was assessed employing the Insightfulness Assessment (IA) and mother-father-child interactions were observed and coded employing the Lausanne Triadic Play (LTP) procedure. RESULTS As expected, families in which both parents were insightful displayed higher parental coordinated support in the LTP than families in which one or neither parent was insightful, controlling for children's IQ and severity of symptoms. Children's engagement with their parents was associated with their IQ and severity of symptoms but not with parental insightfulness. CONCLUSIONS The importance of considering paternal, in addition to maternal insightfulness as a foundation for parental coordinated support in family interactions, is discussed, as well as the contribution of the LTP in assessing family interactions with children diagnosed with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oppenheim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Koren-Karie
- School of Social Work and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Hamburger
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Maccabi
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Slonim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nurit Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Qu G, Hu W, Meng J, Wang X, Su W, Liu H, Ma S, Sun C, Huang C, Lowe S, Sun Y. Association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems among children in the United States: evidence from 2018 to 2020 NSCH. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:140-149. [PMID: 36924568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive digital media use has become the common phenomenon among children's lifestyle, and its influences on the plausible accompanying psychological and behavioral problems are gradually investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems of children in the United States (US). A secondary analysis based on the data from the 2018 to 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) was conducted. Seven types of developmental and behavioral problems and screen time on weekdays of children were collected through parents/caregivers' recall. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the associations. Overall, 101,350 children aged between 0 and 17 years old were included in this study and 70.3% of preschoolers aged 0-5 years old and 80.2% of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old had excessive screen time. Excessive screen time was positively associated with behavioral and conduct problem, developmental delay, speech disorder, learning disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and there were significant dose-response relationships. The association between excessive screen time and developmental and behavioral problems was stronger among preschoolers than among children and adolescents. Boys with excessive screen time showed high odds of most types of developmental and behavioral problems. It can be concluded that children with excessive screen time are at high odds of developmental and behavioral problems, especially for preschoolers and boys. Early intervention of digital media use is urgent and essential for children in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqi Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, 60657, Illinois, USA
| | - Christy Huang
- Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 64 Chaohubei Road, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
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30
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Kulasinghe K, Whittingham K, Mitchell AE, Boyd RN. Psychological interventions targeting mental health and the mother-child relationship in autism: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:329-345. [PMID: 36208472 PMCID: PMC10953452 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of psychological interventions delivered to mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in improving maternal mental health and the parent-child relationship. METHOD Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2021. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions that targeted maternal mental health (primary outcome) and/or the parent-child relationship (secondary outcome), delivered to mothers of children (mean age < 60 months) with ASD. Meta-analyses of three parent mental health outcomes (stress, depressive symptomatology, and general mental health) and seven parent-child relationship outcomes (parent responsiveness, affect, directiveness, non-directiveness, child initiation, infant positive affect, and infant attentiveness) were conducted using both mean and standardized mean differences. RESULTS Thirty-two RCTs met the inclusion criteria (2336 participants). Six RCTs showed improved maternal mental health (Cohen's d = 0.41-1.15), with moderate certainty of evidence for improvement in parental stress. There was low and high certainty of evidence of treatment effect on parental depressive symptoms and general mental health respectively, which did not show significant treatment effects post-intervention. Seventeen RCTs showed improved parent-child relationship (d = 0.33-2.28; low certainty of evidence). INTERPRETATION Results demonstrated that parenting interventions promoting responsiveness had the largest positive effect on the parent-child relationship and a moderate effect on overall parenting stress; however, the studies were heterogeneous, making it difficult to identify the intervention components that were responsible for the positive treatment effects. There was no significant treatment effect for studies targeting depression or general mental health, likely due to the lack of an interventional component directly targeting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindri Kulasinghe
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Amy E. Mitchell
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Roslyn N. Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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Semovski V, King C, Lapshina N, Stewart SL. A cross-sectional examination of service complexity in youths with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and psychiatric or medical diagnoses across service sectors. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1027373. [PMID: 36817386 PMCID: PMC9930473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1027373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous, life-long, and complex condition. Youth diagnosed with ASD require several supports addressing core symptoms associated with the disorder, but also those resulting from co-occurring mental and physical health conditions. As a result, their care is overseen by numerous professionals spanning various service sectors, but communication between sectors is hindered due to the absence of a standardized assessment system to identify and triage youth to services. A paucity of information surrounding this population's service use lingers and a siloed delivery system persists. Methods Using archival data collected from 1,020 youth between 12 and 18 years of age, this study explored service complexity among autistic youth with and without psychiatric and medical co-occurring conditions in Ontario, Canada. In doing so, a negative binomial regression was utilized to investigate which predisposing, enabling, and need variables were associated with service complexity. Results Results revealed that experiencing financial difficulties was not associated with service complexity. However, age, sex, caregiver distress, comorbidity, intellectual disability, and evaluated health status were significant predictors. More specifically, female youth and youth with distressed caregivers had greater mental health service complexity scores. Additionally, youth diagnosed with two or more conditions in addition to ASD who required longer durations of programming, controlling for other predictors, had greater mental health service complexity scores. Yet, youth with an intellectual disability had lower service complexity scores. Discussion Clinical implications of this study are discussed to inform future investments into mental health efforts for autistic youth.
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How to Make the Unpredictable Foreseeable? Effective Forms of Assistance for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030407. [PMID: 36766512 PMCID: PMC9914931 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatology in patients with the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is very heterogeneous. The symptoms they present include communication difficulties, behavior problems, upbringing problems from their parents, and comorbidities (e.g., epilepsy, intellectual disability). A predictable and stable environment and the continuity of therapeutic interactions are crucial in this population. The COVID-19 pandemic has created much concern, and the need for home isolation to limit the spread of the virus has disrupted the functioning routine of children/adolescents with ASD. Are there effective diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives to limit the consequences of disturbing the daily routine of young patients during the unpredictable times of the pandemic? Modern technology and telemedicine have come to the rescue. This narrative review aims to present a change in the impact profile in the era of isolation and assess the directions of changes that specialists may choose when dealing with patients with ASD.
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Tran HT, Tseng YT, Chen S, Wu SK, Li YC. Moderation of parental socioeconomic status on the relationship between birth health and developmental coordination disorder at early years. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1020428. [PMID: 37009279 PMCID: PMC10050449 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated whether parental SES moderates the effect of birth health on Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in preschool children. Methods One hundred and twenty-two children aged 4 to 6 years were enrolled in the study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children --2nd Edition (MABC-2) test was used to assess the motor coordination of children. They were preliminarily categorized into either the DCD (<=16th percentile, n = 23) or typically developing (TD) group (>16th percentile, n = 99) based on the testing results. All children in the DCD group were further confirmed to meet other diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V using the intellectual test and parental questionnaires. Moderation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS, and 95% confidence intervals with a bootstrap procedure were calculated to identify the significant moderating effect. Results Maternal education (unstandardized coefficient = 0.6805, SE = 0.3371, p < 0.05) and maternal employment status (unstandardized coefficient = 0.6100, SE = 0.3059, p < 0.05) were found to moderate the relationship between birth length and the probability of having DCD. Moreover, the relationship between birth weight and the probability of having DCD was moderated by the annual household income (unstandardized coefficient = -0.0043, SE = 0.0022, p < 0.05). Conclusion The lower maternal education level and maternal unemployment strengthened the negative relationship between birth length and the probability of having DCD. Additionally, the negative relationship between birth weight and the probability of having DCD was statistically significant in high annual household salaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh-Truc Tran
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuya Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng K. Wu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chuen Li
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Yao-Chuen Li
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Amirova A, Rakhymbayeva N, Zhanatkyzy A, Telisheva Z, Sandygulova A. Effects of Parental Involvement in Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:438-455. [PMID: 35088233 PMCID: PMC9889445 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parental involvement in traditional autism therapy is key to the effective treatment of children with ASD. Little is known about parental involvement in robot-assisted autism therapy (RAAT)-novel therapeutic support for children with ASD. Our study investigates the effect of parental presence on multiple-session RAAT conducted with 16 children with ASD. They interacted with the social robot in the presence or absence of their parents. We measured children's socio-behavioral outcomes and conducted semi-structured interviews with parents. Parents did not necessarily affect the children's outcomes during the interventions. However, children's autism-related symptoms resulted in different socio-behavioral outcomes between sessions with and without parents. Most parents have reported positive changes in their children's behaviors when interacting with the robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Amirova
- Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Nazerke Rakhymbayeva
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Aida Zhanatkyzy
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Zhansaule Telisheva
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Sandygulova
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
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35
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Kosaka M, Kotera Y, Masunaga H, Bhandari D, Miyatake H, Nishikawa Y, Komori N, Ozaki A, Beniya H. Emotional impacts of excursions on parents of children with medical complexity. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15683. [PMID: 37969062 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with medical complexity (CMC) have extra child-raising responsibilities because of the time commitments necessary for care, and their social participation is often compromised. Experiencing leisure excursions with such children may be a solution to some of these problems but the first-hand experience of excursions in regard to their psychological impact on the caregivers of CMC remains to be appraised. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted, via video conference, with eight informal and eight formal caregivers of CMC who attended an excursion to Tokyo Disney Land (TDL). We investigated the psychological changes that they had experienced through the excursion, performing inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes were identified among parents and five were identified among medical professionals. Themes reported by the parents were: Increased trust in the public and society (Theme 1); confidence for other challenges (Theme 2), and connection with other parents in the non-medical settings (Theme 3). Themes reported by medical professionals were: Expanding the initiative to other CMC (Theme 1); feeling bonded with other caregivers within the working group (Theme 2); information exchange across different working groups (Theme 3), positive responses from CMC (Theme 4); families' confidence to go out (Theme 5). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the excursion to TDL led to positive psychological changes in both medical professionals and parents of CMC, enhancing trust, connection, and confidence. The promising results of this study suggest a need for further research about the impact of an excursion on caregivers of CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kosaka
- Orange Home-care Clinic, Fukui, Japan
- Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naomi Komori
- Shonan Kamakura University of Medical Sciences, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Orange Home-care Clinic, Fukui, Japan
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Jyoban Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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Lin X, Su X, Huang S, Liu Z, Yu H, Wang X, Lin L, Cao M, Li X, Jing J. Association between maternal parenting styles and behavioral problems in children with ASD: Moderating effect of maternal autistic traits. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1107719. [PMID: 37143786 PMCID: PMC10153627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk of experiencing externalizing and internalizing problems. This study aimed to reveal how maternal parenting styles and autistic traits influence behavioral problems in children with ASD. Methods This study recruited 70 2-5 years children with ASD and 98 typically developing (TD) children. The Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were used to collect the maternal parenting styles and autistic traits, respectively. The children's behavioral problems were reported by the mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were used to determine whether maternal autistic traits moderated the association between parenting style and behavioral problems in the children. Results Compared to TD children, children with ASD exhibited more severe externalizing and internalizing problems (t = 4.85, p < 0.01). The ASD group scored lower in the maternal supportive/engaged parenting style than the TD group (t = 3.20, p < 0.01). In the TD group, the maternal AQ attention switching domain was positively correlated with internalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.03). In the ASD group, hostile/coercive parenting style was significantly correlated with externalizing problems in the children (β = 0.30, p = 0.02), whereas maternal AQ attention switching domain was negatively correlated with externalizing problems (β = -0.35, p = 0.02). Moreover, the maternal AQ attention switching domain moderated the association between hostile/coercive parenting style and children's externalizing problems (β = 0.33, p = 0.04). Conclusion Among ASD children, a hostile/coercive parenting style can increase the risks of children's externalizing problems, especially in the context of high levels of maternal attention-switching problems. Hence, the current study has important implications for the clinical practice of early family-level interventions for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saijun Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizi Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuhong Li,
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jin Jing,
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Kulasinghe K, Whittingham K, Mitchell AE. Emotional availability in the mother-child relationship for families of young children with autism spectrum disorder in Australia: A cross-sectional survey. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 131:104365. [PMID: 36347112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) the mother-child relationship can be affected by many factors; however, the impacts of maternal broad autism phenotype (BAP) and attachment styles are unknown. This study investigated predictors of emotional availability in the mother-child relationship in families of children with ASD. METHODS Mothers (N = 231) of children with ASD living in Australia completed questionnaires assessing emotional availability in the parent-child relationship (mutual attunement, child involvement, affect quality) and mothers' BAP, mental health, adult attachment style and parenting experiences. Hierarchical multiple regressions and a mediation analysis were conducted. RESULTS Parent-reported positive parenting experiences was the greatest predictor of mutual attunement, child involvement and affect quality in the parent-child relationship. Maternal stress and anxiety predicted poorer mutual attunement, stress and depressive symptoms predicted less child involvement and anxiety predicted worse affect quality. Negative parenting experiences, maternal anxiety and stress mediated the relationship between BAP and mutual attunement. CONCLUSION Interventions combining mental health and parenting support for mothers of children with ASD to bolster emotional availability within the mother-child relationship may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindri Kulasinghe
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, N48 Health Sciences Building, Nathan Campus, Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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SHCHERBAN TETIANA, BRETSKO ІRYNA, VARGA VIKTORIYA. Formation of Stereotypes of Human Behaviour under the Influence of Childhood Fears. SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF MUKACHEVO STATE UNIVERSITY SERIES “PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY” 2022. [DOI: 10.52534/msu-pp.8(4).2022.9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the presence of a relationship that occurs between the emotional and intellectual development of the individual. Negative changes in the process of emotional development of a person lead to the fact that they are unable to use other structures, in particular, intelligence, and therefore develop harmoniously. As a basic emotion, fear is an integral part of the emotional field, as is the emotion of joy, sadness, and anger. Fear performs a protective function, but it also destroys the individual if it is irrational. The emotion of fear, arising in childhood, can be fixed and transformed into more acute manifestations, that is, into phobic disorders. Personality is formed under the influence of society, so a very important role in its development is played by models of upbringing in the family and those attitudes and prescriptions that a person learns from childhood. In adulthood, these patterns are manifested in the form of stereotypical behaviour, which substantially affects a person’s quality of life. Therefore, it is important to clarify how childhood fears can affect the individual in adulthood. The purpose of this study is to establish a link between childhood fears and stereotypical behaviour. A number of methods and techniques were used to achieve this goal, including theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) and practical (D. McLain’s general tolerance for uncertainty scale; tolerance-intolerance of ambiguity questionnaire by T.V. Kornilova; questionnaire of childhood fears). The results of the study show that in the case when a person cannot safely live through fears as a child, they have an impact on the psychological well-being of the individual, which encourages the formation of psychological problems. It is proved that as a result of gender stereotypes in education, male and female fears formed in childhood differ markedly. Therewith, it is noted that certain stereotypes have a positive meaning in a person’s life if they do not suppress their psychological development. The research materials will be useful for practical psychologists in the education and social fields, and teachers
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A qualitative study on the experience of stigma for Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19550. [PMID: 36379973 PMCID: PMC9666461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing stigma related to having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be difficult and is detrimental to parent well-being. Since the research on stigmatized experiences among parents of children with ASD in non-Western communities is limited, this qualitative study examined the experiences, reactions and impacts of stigma on parents of children with ASD in Hong Kong. In-depth interviews were conducted with 54 Chinese parents/caregivers of children with ASD aged between 35 and 73 years old. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach. The participants reported stigma which stemmed from negative labelling of their children by schools and healthcare professionals, bullying by peers, stereotypes of ASD and stigma linked to autistic children's behavior in the community. The reactions of participants towards stigmatization were classified into internalizing reactions including apologizing, ignoring and concealing ASD and externalizing reactions such as fighting back. The participants also reported impacts of stigma on both personal and emotional levels. The results point to the urgent need for the government to allocate resources and make concerted efforts to reduce stigma by educating the community to foster more positive attitudes towards individuals with ASD and offer support and counselling services to parents.
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Sakdalan J, Maxwell Y. The application of adapted dialectical behaviour therapy concepts and skills in the treatment of adults with autistic spectrum disorder who display challenging or offending behaviours. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-01-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Despite some advances in the assessment and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there remains a paucity of intervention and research literature in treating adults with ASD. There is growing evidence supporting a relationship between the core features of ASD and emotion dysregulation. There is an overlap between ASD and borderline personality disorder (BPD) characteristics such as emotional dysregulation, sensory issues and social skills deficits. This paper aims to explore the applications of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) concepts and skills in treating ASD individuals who display challenging or offending behaviours. The similarities in characteristics between ASD and BPD and the core issue of emotion dysregulation hold promise in the utility of DBT with ASD.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper that includes a case vignette.
Findings
A DBT-informed treatment approach using the adaptations and reconceptualization, i.e. risky mind–wise mind outlined in this paper, can be considered promising in addressing issues for ASD individuals, particularly those with challenging and/or offending behaviours. DBT incorporates different elements of applied behaviour analysis, cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness skills, sensory-based treatments, psychosocial interventions and emotion regulation skills, which makes it a more cohesive and integrated approach to treatment. The authors assert that DBT can be considered a more integrated, strengths-based, habilitative and trauma-informed approach which can be promising in its application to address challenging behaviours or offending in ASD individuals.
Research limitations/implications
It is recommended that research be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of adapted DBT programs in treating ASD individuals presenting with challenging and/or offending behaviours. Future research can focus on evaluating the effectiveness of the different DBT concepts and skills and the different DBT modules to determine which components of the program are particularly useful for this client group.
Practical implications
Treatment manuals have already been developed for clients with intellectual disability and developmental disabilities who exhibit challenging and/or offending behaviour; hence, it is recommended that modifications be made to make it more applicable and appropriate for ASD individuals. Modifications should address ASD-specific issues (e.g. black and white thinking, cognitive rigidity, sensory issues, impaired theory of mind, emotion dysregulation issues, social skills deficits and anxiety issues). The use of DBT has much wider implications regarding addressing comorbid mental health conditions and personality issues in this client group.
Originality/value
There are limited psychological interventions that prove to be useful for individuals with ASD with complex presentations and challenging or offending behaviours. This paper discusses the application of adapted DBT concepts and skills that appear to be promising in the treatment of this client group.
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Severity of Child Autistic Symptoms and Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Japan and USA: Cross-Cultural Differences. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 2022:7089053. [PMID: 35864923 PMCID: PMC9296302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7089053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between parenting stress and autistic symptom severity in the U.S. and Japan. Fifty-two U.S. and 51 Japanese mothers of children aged 2–12 with autism completed measures of parenting stress and child characteristics, including the parenting stress index (PSI), the social communication questionnaire (SCQ), and social responsiveness scale-2 (SRS-2). There was a nonlinear relationship between the child's autistic symptom severity and parenting stress in both countries. We also found some cultural differences: in the parent domain, the relationships between children's SCQ scores and PSI scores differed significantly between the U.S. and Japan. Our findings suggest that autistic severity symptom scores may reflect cross-cultural differences in parenting beliefs, views toward autism, and response styles for evaluating children's behavior. The findings also suggest that parents need support regardless of the child's autism severity, including those with mild to moderate symptoms. Expanding on this line of research and understanding cultural influences on parenting stress may help service providers and agencies offer more culturally sensitive services, parent-education courses, and intervention programs.
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Li F, Tang Y, Li F, Fang S, Liu X, Tao M, Wu D, Jiang L. Psychological distress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study based on 683 mother-father dyads. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 65:e49-e55. [PMID: 35249769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess psychological distress and its gender difference in parents of children with ASD. Predictive factors for parental psychological distress and interaction effects between parents were also explored. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted for parents of children with ASD and 683 mother-father dyads were included in the analyses. RESULTS Mothers of children with severe autistic symptoms reported significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression than fathers. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression for mothers was 13.8% and 13.1%, respectively. The corresponding prevalence for fathers was 9.9% and 8.0%, respectively. A college education or above protected against maternal stress and an only child predicted paternal stress. Child social impairment predicted maternal but not paternal psychological distress. Stress was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression for both parents. Paternal stress and anxiety moderated the relationship between child's social impairment and maternal stress, and paternal anxiety moderated the relationship between child's social impairment and maternal depression. CONCLUSIONS The gender difference in the parental psychological distress depends on the severity of children's autistic symptoms. Child social impairment exerts significant effects on mothers' psychological distress and parental stress contributes to anxiety and depression for both parents. The psychological distress of fathers moderates the relationship between child social impairment and maternal psychological distress. IMPLICATIONS Health-care professionals should pay special attention to parents who are susceptible to psychological distress. Social skill interventions for children and stress reduction programs for parents are recommended to promote parental psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fēi Li
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuanfeng Fang
- Department of Child Health, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyi Tao
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danping Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yamane N, Snow AD, Fein D, Naigles L, Goldman S. Brief report: Parent-guided movements during play with children with autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2022; 94:101968. [PMID: 36329719 PMCID: PMC9629284 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate social and communication impairments from an early age. While researchers have long investigated parenting behaviors in relation to children's social and communication development, fewer studies have examined the relevance of movement-based parenting behaviors to facilitating communication and social engagement with young children. The present study aimed to investigate: (1) parent-guided movements (PGMs) within dyads of parents and typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD; and (2) children's ASD diagnostic and receptive language scores as predictors of PGM frequency. METHOD Video-recorded play interactions of 33 TD dyads (mean age: 20.4 months) and 31 dyads with ASD (mean age: 32.6 months) were matched on child's expressive language. Data were obtained from a longitudinal study on developmental language trajectories in ASD and coded for PGMs. RESULTS Overall, parents of children with ASD initiated PGMs more frequently than parents of TD children during play (U = 269.00, z = - 3.58, p < 0.001). PGM frequency was predicted by children's ADOS scores (X 2 = 5.46, p = 0.02, OR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.04, 1.54]) and receptive language (X 2 = 4.15, p = 0.04, OR = 5.43, 95% CI [1.10, 27.67]). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that parents of children with ASD and low receptive language may utilize more movement-based strategies to compensate for their children's impaired social engagement and verbal comprehension. This study offers insight on a particular movement-based modality characterizing ASD dyads that can be used as a measure in parent-mediated interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yamane
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arielle D. Snow
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Fein
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychological Sciences, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Letitia Naigles
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychological Sciences, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sylvie Goldman
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Divisions of Child Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
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van Noorden LE, Sigafoos J, Waddington HL. Evaluating a Two-Tiered Parent Coaching Intervention for Young Autistic Children Using the Early Start Denver Model. ADVANCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022; 6:473-493. [PMID: 35669342 PMCID: PMC9149339 DOI: 10.1007/s41252-022-00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early intervention can improve the outcomes of young autistic children, and parents may be well placed to deliver these interventions. The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) is a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention that can be implemented by parents with their own children (P-ESDM). This study evaluated a two-tiered P-ESDM intervention that used a group parent coaching program, and a 1:1 parent coaching program. We evaluated changes in parent use of the ESDM and parent stress, as well as child engagement, communication, and imitation. METHODS Seven autistic or probably autistic children (< 60 months old) and their parents participated. A multiple-baseline design was used to compare individual changes between Baseline 1, Group Coaching (Tier 1), Baseline 2, and 1:1 Coaching (Tier 2). Parent and child behaviors were analyzed from weekly videos and graphed. Parenting stress was measured. RESULTS All parents improved in their use of ESDM strategies after the Tier 1 intervention. Changes in parent fidelity during Tier 2 were mixed, but all parents maintained higher than baseline levels of fidelity. Six parents demonstrated above 75% ESDM fidelity in at least one session. There were positive changes in parent stress levels pre- post-intervention. Positive results were found for most children's levels of engagement, imitation, and communication. There were significant positive relationships between parent fidelity and both child engagement and child functional utterances. CONCLUSIONS Group P-ESDM is a promising approach for improving parent fidelity and some child outcomes. Future randomized and controlled studies of group P-ESDM, using standardized outcome measures, are warranted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41252-022-00264-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Sigafoos
- School of Education, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Oppenheim D, Koren-Karie N, Joels T, Hamburger L, Maccabi Y, Slonim M, Yirmiya N. Attachment to fathers and mothers in preschoolers with an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis. Attach Hum Dev 2022; 24:645-658. [PMID: 35469537 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2022.2068624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) is applicable not only for assessing children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their mothers but also with their fathers. Forty preschoolers with ASD were observed in the SSP with their mothers and 39 with their fathers. Unexpectedly, the SSP was found to be not applicable (NA) to 25% of the SSPs with fathers because levels of attachment behavior were minimal, but all SSPs with mothers were codable. NA children had lower cognitive functioning and more severe symptoms than those not so coded. Insecure children with their fathers had more severe symptoms than secure children, but were not different in their cognitive functioning. No associations between attachment with mother and severity of symptoms/cognitive functioning were found. Attachment was unrelated to parents' distress or Broad Autism Phenotype. The study raises questions regarding the applicability of the SSP with fathers of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oppenheim
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Koren-Karie
- School of Social Work and at the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tirtsa Joels
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Hamburger
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Maccabi
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Slonim
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nurit Yirmiya
- Psychology Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Davis PH, Elsayed H, Crais ER, Watson LR, Grzadzinski R. Caregiver responsiveness as a mechanism to improve social communication in toddlers: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Autism Res 2022; 15:366-378. [PMID: 34799999 PMCID: PMC8821206 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) for children at elevated likelihood for a later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (EL-ASD), are often delivered through parent-mediated models. An area of current exploration is whether changes in caregiver behaviors are a mechanism through which to improve and track child behaviors in these interventions. Toddlers and their caregivers participated in an intervention trial (randomized controlled trial) and were randomized to either a parent-mediated intervention (adapted responsive teaching; ART) or a control condition (referral to early intervention and monitoring; REIM). Changes in toddler social communication (SC) behaviors and characteristics of caregiver responsiveness (CR) were quantified over 8 months. Analyses were conducted to assess whether changes in CR mediated the relation between group (ART vs. REIM) and changes in child SC. Results of the current study indicated that caregivers who participated in a parent-mediated intervention improved in three domains of CR (contingent verbal sensitivity, responsivity, affect). CR was also found to be a mechanism through which children's SC skills improved. This work provides evidence that qualities of CR serve as mechanisms through which to improve and monitor child behaviors over the course of EIBIs. These results may lead to novel intervention targets, methods for tracking change, and tailored treatment planning for toddlers with EL-ASD. The data used in this study comes from a clinical trial that was prospectively registered with the Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies (Registry ID: 316.1v1). LAY SUMMARY: Interventions for toddlers with high likelihood for a later diagnosis of autism often include the caregiver as an active participant in the intervention. In this study, we aimed to understand qualities of caregiver responsiveness (CR) that facilitate improvements in child behaviors during intervention. Results show that increasing verbal CR and affect are ways to improve child social skills over the course of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Huguely Davis
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Heba Elsayed
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC,Phoniatrics unit, ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth R. Crais
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences
| | - Linda R. Watson
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences
| | - Rebecca Grzadzinski
- Program for Early Autism Research Leadership and Service (PEARLS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Chapel Hill, NC
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Lv S, Xing Y, Xu Y, Liu L, Zhu H, Ye Q, Wang C, Zou X, Deng H. The role of caregiver gestures and gesture-related responses of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:895029. [PMID: 35935429 PMCID: PMC9353329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.895029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communicative abnormalities. Deficits and delays in gestural communication are among the early deficits of ASD and also a major social modality in early caregiver-toddler interaction. Caregiver gestures have an important role in the cognitive and social development of children with ASD. Thus, it is urgent to further explore the role of caregiver gestures in early caregiver-toddler interaction. In this cross-sectional study, we observed the caregivers' gestures and responses of toddlers aged between 18 and 24 months during play (ASD = 44, TD = 29) and dining activities (ASD = 34, TD = 27). By observing the different frequencies and patterns of gestures by the caregiver-child interaction and the different proportions of children's responses to the caregiver's gestures, we found that, compared to caregivers of typically developing toddlers, caregivers of toddlers with ASD had fewer synchronized gestures and more unsynchronized gestures in the play activity and more supplementary gestures in dining activity. Toddlers with ASD produced more social responses to caregivers' synchronized gestures, whereas the use of synchronized gestures by the caregivers in caregiver-toddler interaction had a positive influence on social responses to toddlers with ASD. The findings suggest that effective use of gestures by caregivers during caregiver-toddler activities can improve children's social responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaoLi Lv
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YanTing Xu
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - LinRu Liu
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - HuiLin Zhu
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QianYing Ye
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ChunMei Wang
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoBing Zou
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - HongZhu Deng
- Child Development and Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Montenegro MC, Abdul-Chani M, Valdez D, Rosoli A, Garrido G, Cukier S, Paula CS, Garcia R, Rattazzi A, Montiel-Nava C. Perceived Stigma and Barriers to Accessing Services: Experience of Caregivers of Autistic Children Residing in Latin America. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 120:104123. [PMID: 34798480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationship of perceived stigma and barrier to service access among Latino populations with autism in cross-cultural settings has not been fully explored. AIM The present study explored the relationship between difficulty accessing services and perceived stigma among caregivers of autistic children in Latin America. Additionally, explore contextual factors that better explain the perception of stigma when accessing services. METHODS AND PROCEDURE Approximately 2500 caregivers from six Latin American countries completed an online survey. Descriptive inferential analysis and a pointbiserial correlation were conducted to understand direct relationship between difficulty accessing services and perceived stigma and to test their relationship. Added contextual factors contributing to this relationship were examined through a binary logistic regression. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Barriers to accessing services predicted stigma. Contextual factors such as country of residence, frustration experienced by caregivers, gender of autistic child and challenging behaviours had higher odds of experiencing some form of perceived stigma. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest experiences with stigma to be heavily influenced by environmental factors such cultural differences which in combination with contextual factors could further increase the likelihood of perceiving stigma. When observing stigma within a social-cognitive approach, it is possible that a strong-held adherence to cultural norms, in addition to negative experiences (e.g., frustration) when accessing services, could be influencing caregivers perceived stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Montenegro
- Department of Psychological Science-University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Dr, Edinburg, 78539, TX, United States
| | - Monica Abdul-Chani
- Department of Psychology-University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, United States
| | - Daniel Valdez
- Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Sede Argentina (FLACSO), Tucumán 1966, C1050 AAN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Rosoli
- Organización Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI), Av. Sarasota #20, Torre AIRD, 2do. Piso, 10109, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Gabriela Garrido
- Universidad de la República, Av. 18 de Julio 1824, 11100, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastian Cukier
- PANAACEA, Domingo Repetto 1145, CP B1640EMQ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (UPM), Rua da Consolacão, 930 Consolacão, 01302-907, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Garcia
- Universidad de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo o'Higgins 1058, 8330111. Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Rattazzi
- PANAACEA, Domingo Repetto 1145, CP B1640EMQ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Montiel-Nava
- Department of Psychological Science-University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Dr, Edinburg, 78539, TX, United States.
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49
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Li F, Xu M, Wu D, Tang Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhou L, Li F, Jiang L. From child social impairment to parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD: The role of parental self-efficacy and social support. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1005748. [PMID: 36147986 PMCID: PMC9485583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can exhibit persistent deficits in social communication, causing their mothers to experience elevated parenting stress during the childrearing process. Some internal and external psychosocial resources may mediate or moderate the mother-child relationship, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the predictors of parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between child social impairment and parenting stress. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2020 and March 2022 in Shanghai, China. Mothers of children with ASD completed a survey investigating child social impairment, parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, and social support. RESULTS A total of 185 mothers of children with ASD were included in the final analysis. 70.27 percent of mothers experienced a clinically significant level of parenting stress. Child social impairment (r = 0.46, P < 0.001), parental self-efficacy (r = -0.58, P < 0.001), and social support (r = -0.35, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with parenting stress. Parental self-efficacy completely mediated the relationship between child social impairment and parenting stress (B = 0.51, P < 0.001), after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES) correlated with parenting stress. There was no significant moderating effect of social support between child social impairment and parenting stress (B = 0.01, P = 0.09). CONCLUSION Future early intervention programs that focused on child's social communication skills and empowered mothers with related strategies through group-based parent training programs may help reduce parenting stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fēi Li
- Department of Nursing, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danping Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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50
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Heffler KF, Frome LR, Garvin B, Bungert LM, Bennett DS. Screen time reduction and focus on social engagement in autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15343. [PMID: 36348519 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing concern regarding early screen media exposure and its potential effects on developmental delays including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is little research examining whether interventions can decrease screen media exposure and ASD behaviors among children with ASD. METHODS Participants were nine children, 18 to 40 months old, with an ASD diagnosis who watched screens at least 2 h per day. Screen viewing history and weekly screen viewing and social interaction were assessed. The intervention involved a parent education program followed by weekly 1 h in-home support visits aimed at replacing screen time with social engagement time over a 6 month period. Child autism symptoms (Brief Observation of Social Communication Change), functional behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), and development (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) were assessed before and after intervention; parents completed questionnaires on parental stress (Autism Parenting Stress Index) and their perceptions of the intervention. RESULTS Children's screen viewing decreased from an average of 5.6 h/day prior to intervention to 5 min/day during the study. Significant improvements were observed in core autism symptoms and parental stress from pre- to post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Parent education and training/support to minimize screen time and increase social interaction for young children with ASD was tolerated well by parents and children. These promising preliminary results suggest that further research on early screen media viewing, ASD, and screen reduction intervention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frankel Heffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine and Tower Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tower Health, West Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori R Frome
- INVO Healthcare Services, Jamison, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brigid Garvin
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay M Bungert
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David S Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine and Tower Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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