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Brachi M, El Housseini W, Beaver K, Jadhav R, Dantanarayana A, Boucher DG, Minteer SD. Advanced Electroanalysis for Electrosynthesis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:141-187. [PMID: 38585515 PMCID: PMC10995937 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis is a popular, environmentally friendly substitute for conventional organic methods. It involves using charge transfer to stimulate chemical reactions through the application of a potential or current between two electrodes. In addition to electrode materials and the type of reactor employed, the strategies for controlling potential and current have an impact on the yields, product distribution, and reaction mechanism. In this Review, recent advances related to electroanalysis applied in electrosynthesis were discussed. The first part of this study acts as a guide that emphasizes the foundations of electrosynthesis. These essentials include instrumentation, electrode selection, cell design, and electrosynthesis methodologies. Then, advances in electroanalytical techniques applied in organic, enzymatic, and microbial electrosynthesis are illustrated with specific cases studied in recent literature. To conclude, a discussion of future possibilities that intend to advance the academic and industrial areas is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Brachi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Wassim El Housseini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Rohit Jadhav
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Ashwini Dantanarayana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Dylan G. Boucher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
- Kummer
Institute Center for Resource Sustainability, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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Zhang J, Li F, Liu D, Liu Q, Song H. Engineering extracellular electron transfer pathways of electroactive microorganisms by synthetic biology for energy and chemicals production. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1375-1446. [PMID: 38117181 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The excessive consumption of fossil fuels causes massive emission of CO2, leading to climate deterioration and environmental pollution. The development of substitutes and sustainable energy sources to replace fossil fuels has become a worldwide priority. Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs), employing redox reactions of electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) on electrodes to achieve a meritorious combination of biocatalysis and electrocatalysis, provide a green and sustainable alternative approach for bioremediation, CO2 fixation, and energy and chemicals production. EAMs, including exoelectrogens and electrotrophs, perform extracellular electron transfer (EET) (i.e., outward and inward EET), respectively, to exchange energy with the environment, whose rate determines the efficiency and performance of BESs. Therefore, we review the synthetic biology strategies developed in the last decade for engineering EAMs to enhance the EET rate in cell-electrode interfaces for facilitating the production of electricity energy and value-added chemicals, which include (1) progress in genetic manipulation and editing tools to achieve the efficient regulation of gene expression, knockout, and knockdown of EAMs; (2) synthetic biological engineering strategies to enhance the outward EET of exoelectrogens to anodes for electricity power production and anodic electro-fermentation (AEF) for chemicals production, including (i) broadening and strengthening substrate utilization, (ii) increasing the intracellular releasable reducing equivalents, (iii) optimizing c-type cytochrome (c-Cyts) expression and maturation, (iv) enhancing conductive nanowire biosynthesis and modification, (v) promoting electron shuttle biosynthesis, secretion, and immobilization, (vi) engineering global regulators to promote EET rate, (vii) facilitating biofilm formation, and (viii) constructing cell-material hybrids; (3) the mechanisms of inward EET, CO2 fixation pathway, and engineering strategies for improving the inward EET of electrotrophic cells for CO2 reduction and chemical production, including (i) programming metabolic pathways of electrotrophs, (ii) rewiring bioelectrical circuits for enhancing inward EET, and (iii) constructing microbial (photo)electrosynthesis by cell-material hybridization; (4) perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for engineering EET to develop highly efficient BESs for sustainable energy and chemical production. We expect that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the future development of BESs in energy harvesting, CO2 fixation, and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Dingyuan Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Qijing Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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van Wonderen JH, Crack JC, Edwards MJ, Clarke TA, Saalbach G, Martins C, Butt JN. Liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry describes post-translational modification of Shewanella outer membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184221. [PMID: 37673350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrogenic bacteria deliver excess respiratory electrons to externally located metal oxide particles and electrodes. The biochemical basis for this process is arguably best understood for species of Shewanella where the integral membrane complex termed MtrCAB is key to electron transfer across the bacterial outer membranes. A crystal structure was recently resolved for MtrCAB from S. baltica OS185. However, X-ray diffraction did not resolve the N-terminal residues so that the lipidation status of proteins in the mature complex was poorly described. Here we report liquid chromatography mass spectrometry revealing the intact mass values for all three proteins in the MtrCAB complexes purified from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and S. baltica OS185. The masses of MtrA and MtrB are consistent with both proteins being processed by Signal Peptidase I and covalent attachment of ten c-type hemes to MtrA. The mass of MtrC is most reasonably interpreted as arising from protein processed by Signal Peptidase II to produce a diacylated lipoprotein containing ten c-type hemes. Our two-step protocol for liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry used a reverse phase column to achieve on-column detergent removal prior to gradient protein resolution and elution. We envisage the method will be capable of simultaneously resolving the intact mass values for multiple proteins in other membrane protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H van Wonderen
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jason C Crack
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Marcus J Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Thomas A Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- Proteomics Facility, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Carlo Martins
- Proteomics Facility, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Julea N Butt
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Roy RR, Ullmann GM. Virtual Model Compound Approach for Calculating Redox Potentials of [Fe 2S 2]-Cys 4 Centers in Proteins - Structure Quality Matters. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8930-8941. [PMID: 37974307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The midpoint potential of the [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster in proteins is known to vary between -200 and -450 mV. This variation is caused by the different electrostatic environment of the cluster in the respective proteins. Continuum electrostatics can quantify the impact of the protein environment on the redox potential. Thus, if the redox potential of a [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster model compound in aqueous solution would be known, then redox potentials in various protein complexes could be calculated. However, [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster models are not water-soluble, and thus, their redox potential can not be measured in aqueous solution. To overcome this problem, we introduce a method that we call Virtual Model Compound Approach (VMCA) to extrapolate the model redox potential from known redox potentials of proteins. We carefully selected high-resolution structures for our analysis and divide them into a fit set, for fitting the model redox potential, and an independent test set, to check the validity of the model redox potential. However, from our analysis, we realized that the some structures can not be used as downloaded from the PDB but had to be re-refined in order to calculate reliable redox potentials. Because of the re-refinement, we were able to significantly reduce the standard deviation of our derived model redox potential for the [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster from 31 mV to 10 mV. As the model redox potential, we obtained -184 mV. This model redox potential can be used to analyze the redox behavior of [Fe2S2]-Cys4-clusters in larger protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan Roy
- Computational Biochemistry, Universitätsstr. 30, NWI, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - G Matthias Ullmann
- Computational Biochemistry, Universitätsstr. 30, NWI, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
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Yin Y, Liu C, Zhao G, Chen Y. Versatile mechanisms and enhanced strategies of pollutants removal mediated by Shewanella oneidensis: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129703. [PMID: 35963088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of environmental pollutants is important for a sustainable ecosystem and human health. Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) has diverse electron transfer pathways and can use a variety of contaminants as electron acceptors or electron donors. This paper reviews S. oneidensis's function in removing environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, inorganic non-metallic ions (INMIs), and toxic organic pollutants. S. oneidensis can mineralize o-xylene (OX), phenanthrene (PHE), and pyridine (Py) as electron donors, and also reduce azo dyes, nitro aromatic compounds (NACs), heavy metals, and iodate by extracellular electron transfer (EET). For azo dyes, NACs, Cr(VI), nitrite, nitrate, thiosulfate, and sulfite that can cross the membrane, S. oneidensis transfers electrons to intracellular reductases to catalyze their reduction. However, most organic pollutants cannot be directly degraded by S. oneidensis, but S. oneidensis can remove these pollutants by self-synthesizing catalysts or photocatalysts, constructing bio-photocatalytic systems, driving Fenton reactions, forming microbial consortia, and genetic engineering. However, the industrial-scale application of S. oneidensis is insufficient. Future research on the metabolism of S. oneidensis and interfacial reactions with other materials needs to be deepened, and large-scale reactors should be developed that can be used for practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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