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Stamenkovska M, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Nikodinovski A, Gagov H, Atanasova-Panchevska N, Mitrokhin V, Kamkin A, Mladenov M. Application of curcumine and its derivatives in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1977655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mimoza Stamenkovska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, European University Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Nikodinovski
- Institut for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalija Atanasova-Panchevska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Kontou P, Pavlopoulou A, Braliou G, Bogiatzi S, Dimou N, Bangalore S, Bagos P. Identification of gene expression profiles in myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:109. [PMID: 30482209 PMCID: PMC6260684 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a multifactorial disease with complex pathogenesis, mainly the result of the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. The regulation of thrombosis, inflammation and cholesterol and lipid metabolism are the main factors that have been proposed thus far to be involved in the pathogenesis of MI. Traditional risk-estimation tools depend largely on conventional risk factors but there is a need for identification of novel biochemical and genetic markers. The aim of the study is to identify differentially expressed genes that are consistently associated with the incidence myocardial infarction (MI), which could be potentially incorporated into the traditional cardiovascular diseases risk factors models. METHODS The biomedical literature and gene expression databases, PubMed and GEO, respectively, were searched following the PRISMA guidelines. The key inclusion criteria were gene expression data derived from case-control studies on MI patients from blood samples. Gene expression datasets regarding the effect of medicinal drugs on MI were excluded. The t-test was applied to gene expression data from case-control studies in MI patients. RESULTS A total of 162 articles and 174 gene expression datasets were retrieved. Of those a total of 4 gene expression datasets met the inclusion criteria, which contained data on 31,180 loci in 93 MI patients and 89 healthy individuals. Collectively, 626 differentially expressed genes were detected in MI patients as compared to non-affected individuals at an FDR q-value = 0.01. Of those, 88 genes/gene products were interconnected in an interaction network. Totally, 15 genes were identified as hubs of the network. CONCLUSIONS Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and that they are mainly involved in inflammatory/wound healing, RNA processing/transport mechanisms and a yet not fully characterized pathway implicated in RNA transport and nuclear pore proteins. The overlap between the DEGs identified in this study and the genes identified through genetic-association studies is minimal. These data could be useful in future studies on the molecular mechanisms of MI as well as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131, Lamia, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Georgia Braliou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131, Lamia, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Bogiatzi
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131, Lamia, Greece
| | - Niki Dimou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Stavros Niarchos Av, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sripal Bangalore
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pantelis Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131, Lamia, Greece. .,Lamia, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2-4, 35131, Lamia, Greece.
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Jo JA, Park J, Pande P, Shrestha S, Serafino MJ, Rico Jimenez JDJ, Clubb F, Walton B, Buja LM, Phipps JE, Feldman MD, Adame J, Applegate BE. Simultaneous morphological and biochemical endogenous optical imaging of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 16:910-8. [PMID: 25722204 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to validate novel imaging technology for simultaneous morphological and biochemical endogenous optical imaging of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS AND RESULTS Optical coherence tomography (OCT) generates high-resolution 3D images of plaque morphology and endogenous fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) characterizes biochemical composition. Both imaging modalities rely on plaque's intrinsic optical characteristics, making contrast agents unnecessary. A multimodal OCT/FLIM system was utilized to generate luminal biochemical maps superimposed on high-resolution (7 µm axial and 13 µm lateral) structural volumetric images. Forty-seven fresh postmortem human coronary segments were imaged: pathological intimal thickening (PIT, n = 26), fibroatheroma (FA, n = 12), thin-cap FA (TCFA, n = 2), and fibrocalcific plaque (CA, n = 7), determined by histopathology. Multimodal images were evaluated, and each plaque identified as PIT, FA, TCFA, or CA based on expert OCT readers, and as having high-lipid (HL), high-collagen (HC), or low-collagen/low-lipid (LCL) luminal composition based on linear discriminant analysis of FLIM. Of 47 plaques, 89.4% (42/47) of the plaques were correctly identified based on OCT/FLIM evaluation using tissue histopathology and immunohistochemistry as the gold standard. Four of the misclassifications corresponded to confusing PIT with HL luminal composition for FA with HL cap. The other corresponded to confusing FA with a HC cap for FA with an LCL cap. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the feasibility of accurate simultaneous OCT/FLIM morphological and biochemical characterization of coronary plaques at spatial resolutions and acquisition speeds compatible with catheter-based intravascular imaging. The success of this pilot study sets up future development of a multimodal intravascular imaging system that will enable studies that could help improve our understanding of plaque pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Jesung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Sebina Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Michael J Serafino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - J de Jesus Rico Jimenez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Fred Clubb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brian Walton
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Maximilian Buja
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology Research, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Phipps
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marc D Feldman
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessie Adame
- Autopsy and Pathology Services, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian E Applegate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5062 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
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Zhaorigetu S, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G, Walton BL. Delivery of negatively charged liposomes into the atherosclerotic plaque of apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse aortic tissue. J Liposome Res 2014; 24:182-90. [PMID: 24443972 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.863208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been used to diagnose and treat cancer and, to a lesser extent, cardiovascular disease. We previously showed the uptake of anionic liposomes into the atheromas of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits within lipid pools. However, the cellular distribution of anionic liposomes in atherosclerotic plaque remains undescribed. In addition, how anionic liposomes are absorbed into atherosclerotic plaque is unclear. We investigated the uptake and distribution of anionic liposomes in atherosclerotic plaque in aortic tissues from apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. To facilitate the tracking of liposomes, we used liposomes containing fluorescently labeled non-silencing small interfering RNA. Confocal microscopy analysis showed the uptake of anionic liposomes into atherosclerotic plaque and colocalization with macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed anionic liposomal accumulation in macrophages. To investigate how anionic liposomes cross the local endothelial barrier, we examined the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) treated with or without the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Pretreatment with amantadine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, significantly decreased liposomal uptake in HCAECs treated with or without TNF-α by 77% and 46%, respectively. Immunoblot analysis showed that endogenous clathrin expression was significantly increased in HCAECs stimulated with TNF-α but was inhibited by amantadine. These studies indicated that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is partly responsible for the uptake of liposomes by endothelial cells. Our results suggest that anionic liposomes target macrophage-rich areas of vulnerable plaque in ApoE(-)(/)(-) mice; this finding may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating vulnerable plaque in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Zhaorigetu
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Texas Heart Institute , Houston, TX , USA
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Liu Z, Barber C, Wan L, Liu S, Hui MM, Furenlid LR, Xu H, Woolfenden JM. SPECT imaging of inflammatory response in ischemic-reperfused rat hearts using a 99mTc-labeled dual-domain cytokine ligand. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:2139-45. [PMID: 24179185 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.123497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 (TNFR2) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were fused to the Fc portion of IgG1 using recombinant DNA technology. The resulting dual-domain cytokine ligand, TNFR2-Fc-IL-1ra, specifically binds to TNF and to the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI). This study was designed to characterize the kinetic profile of (99m)Tc-labeled TNFR2-Fc-IL-1ra (TFI) for imaging inflammatory response in an ischemic-reperfused (IR) rat heart model. METHODS The IR model was created by ligating the left coronary artery for 45 min, followed by 2-h reperfusion. Cardiac SPECT images of TFI in the IR model (n = 6) were dynamically acquired for 3 h. Correlative data of myocardial TFI distribution versus microsphere-determined tissue blood flow were acquired in 3 extra IR hearts. Inflammation targeting affinity of TFI was compared with 2 individual cytokine radioligands, (99m)Tc-IL-1ra-Fc (IF) and (99m)Tc-TNFR2-Fc (TF) (n = 6 each group). Myocardial cytokine expression was evaluated by immunochemical assay. RESULTS Increased TFI uptake was found in the ischemic area and correlated with the severity of ischemia. At 3 h after injection, the ratio of hot-spot accumulation in the ischemic area to a remote viable zone was 5.39 ± 1.11 for TFI, which was greater than that for IF (3.28 ± 0.81) and TF (3.29 ± 0.75) (P < 0.05). The in vivo uptake profiles of TFI, TF, and IF were consistent with ex vivo radioactive measurements and correlated with upregulated IL-1 and TNF expression. CONCLUSION The dual-domain TFI is promising for noninvasive detection of inflammatory reactions in IR myocardium because of its more potent affinity to the inflammatory sites compared with TF and IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Walton BL, Leja M, Vickers KC, Estevez-Fernandez M, Sanguino A, Wang E, Clubb FJ, Morrisett J, Lopez-Berestein G. Delivery of negatively charged liposomes into the atheromas of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Vasc Med 2010; 15:307-13. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x10374118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been used as imaging and therapeutic agents in various tissues but only infrequently in the cardiovascular system. We prepared a liposome to target atheromas in a Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit model. Liposomes labeled with rhodamine and nanogold were injected intra-arterially into the descending thoracic aortas of WHHL rabbits. The arterial segments of interest were perfusion-fixed and evaluated with immunohistochemistry, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Deconvolution microscopy showed that rhodamine label was concentrated in the plaque shoulder regions of advanced-stage atheromas; however, rhodamine label was not found in adjacent, non-atherosclerotic aorta. Transmission electron microscopy revealed liposome remnants and the highest concentration of nanogold label in lipid-laden areas of atheromas. Liposomes were concentrated in areas of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 expression. We conclude that modified liposomes can be delivered to the shoulder regions of advanced atheromas in WHHL rabbits and may be useful therapeutically for targeting metabolically active plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Walton
- Texas Heart Institute at St Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, USA,
| | - Monika Leja
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Section of Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monica Estevez-Fernandez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Sanguino
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fred J Clubb
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel Morrisett
- Section of Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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ZEB1 links p63 and p73 in a novel neuronal survival pathway rapidly induced in response to cortical ischemia. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4373. [PMID: 19194497 PMCID: PMC2632749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hypoxic/ischemic insults to the forebrain, often resulting in significant cellular loss of the cortical parenchyma, are a major cause of debilitating injury in the industrialized world. A clearer understanding of the pro-death/pro-survival signaling pathways and their downstream targets is critical to the development of therapeutic interventions to mitigate permanent neurological damage. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrate here that the transcriptional repressor ZEB1, thought to be involved in regulating the timing and spatial boundaries of basic-Helix-Loop-Helix transactivator-mediated neurogenic determination/differentiation programs, functions to link a pro-survival transcriptional cascade rapidly induced in cortical neurons in response to experimentally induced ischemia. Employing histological, tissue culture, and molecular biological read-outs, we show that this novel pro-survival response, initiated through the rapid induction of p63, is mediated ultimately by the transcriptional repression of a pro-apoptotic isoform of p73 by ZEB1. We show further that this phylogenetically conserved pathway is induced as well in the human cortex subjected to episodes of clinically relevant stroke. Conclusions/Significance The data presented here provide the first evidence that ZEB1 induction is part of a protective response by neurons to ischemia. The stroke-induced increase in ZEB1 mRNA and protein levels in cortical neurons is both developmentally and phylogenetically conserved and may therefore be part of a fundamental cellular response to this insult. Beyond the context of stroke, the finding that ZEB1 is regulated by a member of the p53 family has implications for cell survival in other tissue and cellular environments subjected to ischemia, such as the myocardium and, in particular, tumor masses.
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8
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Wong CW, Christen T, Pfenniger A, James RW, Kwak BR. Do allelic variants of the connexin37 1019 gene polymorphism differentially predict for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction? Atherosclerosis 2007; 191:355-61. [PMID: 16677656 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A C1019T polymorphism in the human connexin37 (hCx37) gene has been associated with cardiovascular risk, but it remains debatable whether the 1019C or the 1019T allele carries this risk. Here, we investigated whether these allelic variants are differentially predictive of increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 781 Swiss participants, including 597 patients diagnosed with CAD, 50% who reported previous MI, and 184 control subjects were genotyped. Patients in the +CAD group had a higher frequency of the Cx37-1019C allele (70.3% versus 65.0%, p=0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that the hCx37-C1019T polymorphism is an independent predictor of CAD (odds ratio=2.13, confidence interval=1.31-3.46 and p<0.01). Moreover, this polymorphism is not associated with any of the other characteristics examined, including gender, age, body-mass-index, diabetes, total/HDL/LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoA-I, apoB, hypertension and cigarette smoking. In comparison with the -CAD group, we observed an increase of the Cx37-1019C allele in the +MI +CAD subgroup (71.2% versus 65.0%, p=0.002) but not in the -MI +CAD subgroup. Allelic frequency comparisons of these three subgroups predicted that this polymorphism is also an independent risk factor for MI. In conclusion, our results reveal the importance of screening the Cx37-1019C allele for both CAD and MI risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy W Wong
- Foundation for Medical Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 64 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Mangino M, Braund P, Singh R, Steeds R, Thompson JR, Channer K, Samani NJ. LGALS2 functional variant rs7291467 is not associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction in Caucasians. Atherosclerosis 2006; 194:112-5. [PMID: 17098239 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is currently among the leading causes of death in the developed world. A functional SNP (rs7291467) in galectin-2 (LGALS2), a protein involved in the LTA cascade, has been associated with susceptibility to MI in the Japanese population. We explored for the first time the hypothesis that the same SNP could be associated with the risk of MI in the British population. We conducted a case-control association study on a cohort of 752 British MI patients and 705 population controls. Power calculations showed that our resource had 98% of power to detect a significant association at OR of 1.57, and 80% power to detect an association with an OR of 1.35 (recessive model). Despite this, we found no significant association of allele frequency with risk of MI. Stratification for age, gender and other cardiovascular risk factors also failed to reveal an association of this polymorphism with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mangino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
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Napoli C, Williams-Ignarro S, de Nigris F, Lerman LO, D'Armiento FP, Crimi E, Byrns RE, Casamassimi A, Lanza A, Gombos F, Sica V, Ignarro LJ. Physical training and metabolic supplementation reduce spontaneous atherosclerotic plaque rupture and prolong survival in hypercholesterolemic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10479-10484. [PMID: 16801544 PMCID: PMC1502483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602774103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate physical exercise (PE) combined with metabolic treatment (MT) (antioxidants and l-arginine) are well known to reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation in hypercholesterolemic mice. However, the long-term beneficial effects on unstable atheroma remain poorly understood. We started early PE training in large groups of 6-week-old hypercholesterolemic mice (by graduated swimming) alone or in combination with nutritional supplementation (1.0% vitamin E added to the chow and 0.05% vitamin C and 6% l-arginine added to the drinking water). Inactive controls did not receive PE. The spontaneous development of atherosclerotic plaque rupture (associated with advanced atherosclerosis) and survival rates were evaluated. Moderate PE elicited an increase in plasma levels of nitric oxide. Early combined treatment with PE and MT in the hypercholesterolemic mice significantly reduced lesions (also detected noninvasively at 10 months) and spontaneous atherosclerotic plaque rupture and prolonged survival more effectively than each intervention alone. Thus, early concerted actions of MT and PE improve the natural history of atherosclerotic lesions and reduce the plaque instability in hypercholesterolemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- *Department of General Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Excellence Research Center on Cardiovascular Diseases, and
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
- Research Center on Craniofacial Malformations-MRI, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | | | - Filomena de Nigris
- *Department of General Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Excellence Research Center on Cardiovascular Diseases, and
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Francesco P D'Armiento
- **Department of Biomorphological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ettore Crimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA 01201; and
| | - Russell E Byrns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- *Department of General Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Excellence Research Center on Cardiovascular Diseases, and
| | - Alessandro Lanza
- Research Center on Craniofacial Malformations-MRI, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Fernando Gombos
- Research Center on Craniofacial Malformations-MRI, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sica
- *Department of General Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Excellence Research Center on Cardiovascular Diseases, and
| | - Louis J Ignarro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
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Roy S, Khanna S, Kuhn DE, Rink C, Williams WT, Zweier JL, Sen CK. Transcriptome analysis of the ischemia-reperfused remodeling myocardium: temporal changes in inflammation and extracellular matrix. Physiol Genomics 2006; 25:364-74. [PMID: 16554547 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00013.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
cDNA microarray analysis was performed to screen 15,000 genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to identify changes in the ischemia-reperfused (I-R) rat myocardial transcriptome in the early ( day 2) and late ( day 7) inflammatory phases of acute myocardial infarction. Lists of candidate genes that were affected by I-R transiently (2 or 7 days only) or on a more sustained basis (2 and 7 days) were derived. The candidate genes represented three major functional categories: extracellular matrix, apoptosis, and inflammation. To expand on the findings from microarray studies that dealt with the two above-mentioned time points, tissues collected from days 0, 0.25, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after reperfusion were examined. Acute myocardial infarction resulted in upregulation of IL-6 and IL-18. Genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins such as types I and III collagen were upregulated in day 2, and that response progressively grew stronger until day 7 after I-R. Comparable response kinetics was exhibited by the candidate genes of the apoptosis category. Caspases-2, -3, and -8 were induced in response to acute infarction. Compared with the myocardial tissue from the sham-operated rats, tissue collected from the infarct region stained heavily positive for the presence of active caspase-3. Laser microdissection and pressure catapulting technology was applied to harvest infarct and adjacent noninfarct control tissue from a microscopically defined region in the rat myocardium. Taken together, this work presents the first evidence gained from the use of DNA microarrays to understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the early and late inflammatory phases of the I-R heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The importance of glucose metabolism and insulin therapy during myocardial ischaemia is increasingly being investigated. Insulin is used to achieve a tight glucose control or as part of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy. We have reviewed (1) the physiological and physiopathological consequences of hyperglycaemia focusing on potential machanisms of myocardial ischaemia, (2) the effects of insulin on vascular tone, on the release of free fatty acids, on inflammatory pathways, on the switch of energy source and on apoptosis, and (3) clinical data reporting the effects of intensive insulin therapy and glucose-insulin-potassium solutions during myocardial ischaemia and ischaemic heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to its known toxic cellular effects, hyperglycaemia increases the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes inflammation. Conversely insulin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Glucose-insulin-potassium solutions could improve survival after acute myocardial infarction or after surgery, according to recent meta-analyses, but confirmation of these data is eagerly awaited. SUMMARY Hyperglycaemia is toxic, while insulin is beneficial during acute myocardial ischaemia. Some recent evidence confirms a substantial benefit of insulin administered either alone to achieve a tight glucose control or as a component of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy. Further research is needed to confirm that tendency and to define the threshold of tight glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Devos
- Department of Intensive Care, Sart Tilman University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
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