1
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Rukin P, Prezzi D, Rozzi CA. Excited-state normal-mode analysis: The case of porphyrins. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244103. [PMID: 38131481 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We systematically applied excited-state normal mode analysis to investigate and compare the relaxation and internal conversion dynamics of a free-base porphyrin (BP) with those of a novel functional porphyrin (FP) derivative. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this method and employ it to predict very different dynamical behaviors of the two compounds and to clarify the role of high reorganization energy modes in driving the system toward critical regions of the potential energy landscape. We identify the modes of vibrations along which the energy gap between two excited-state potential energy surfaces within the Q band manifold may vanish and find that the excess energy to reach this "touching" region is significantly reduced in the case of FP (0.16 eV) as compared to the one calculated for BP (0.92 eV). Our findings establish a link between the chemical functionalization and the electronic and vibrational structure that can be exploited to control the internal conversion pathways in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rukin
- S3 Center, Nanoscience Institute - National Research Council (CNR-NANO), Via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- S3 Center, Nanoscience Institute - National Research Council (CNR-NANO), Via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Andrea Rozzi
- S3 Center, Nanoscience Institute - National Research Council (CNR-NANO), Via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy
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2
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Cancelliere AM, Galletta M, Arrigo A, Fazio E, Campagna S, Puntoriero F. Photophysical Properties of Homo- and Hetero-Aggregate Assemblies Made of N-Annulated Perylene Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302588. [PMID: 37671982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the absorption spectra and photophysical properties of homo and hetero-aggregate assemblies of a strongly emissive N-annulated perylene dye (P) and of a dyad made of P and a methyl viologen derivative (P-MV), in ethanol-water solutions. In homo-aggregate assemblies of P, the π-π* fluorescence of the isolated chromophore is replaced by excimer emission at lower energy, with a lifetime of 900 ps, due to excimer formation from the initially prepared excitons. In homo-aggregate assemblies of P-MV, photoinduced charge separation, with formation of P+ -MV- species, occurs in 3 ps with a charge recombination of 20 ps. In hetero-aggregate P/P-MV systems, the light energy absorbed by the P components delocalizes over various P subunits, and when a P-MV unit is reached, charge separation occurs; however, excimer emission is present for P/P-MV ratio larger than 3 : 1, indicating that delocalized excitons within the hetero-aggregate systems extend over a limited number of P chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra M Cancelliere
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina e Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sede di Messina), Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina e Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sede di Messina), Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Antonino Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina e Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sede di Messina), Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina e Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sede di Messina), Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina e Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM, sede di Messina), Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
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3
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Campagna S, Nastasi F, La Ganga G, Serroni S, Santoro A, Arrigo A, Puntoriero F. Self-assembled systems for artificial photosynthesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1504-1512. [PMID: 36448376 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03655j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen an impressive development in molecular-based artificial photosynthesis, thanks to the design of integrated light-harvesting antennae, charge separation systems, and catalysts for water oxidation or hydrogen production based on covalently linked subunits. However, in recent years, self-assembly and spontaneous aggregation of components emerged - sometimes also through serendipity - for the preparation of multicomponent systems aimed to perform the basic processes needed for artificial photosynthesis. Here we critically discuss some key articles that have recently shown the potential of self-assembly for artificial photosynthesis, ranging from self-assembly of antennae and charge separation systems to integrated antenna/catalyst assemblies, to planned co-localization of various components into restricted environments. It is evident that self-assembly can generate emerging properties with respect to the non-aggregated species, and such emerging properties can be quite convenient for designing efficient photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina La Ganga
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonino Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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4
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Molecular Photocatalytic Water Splitting by Mimicking Photosystems I and II. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:695-700. [PMID: 34990144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In nature, water is oxidized by plastoquinone to evolve O2 and form plastoquinol in Photosystem II (PSII), whereas NADP+ is reduced by plastoquinol to produce NADPH and regenerate plastoquinone in Photosystem I (PSI), using homogeneous molecular photocatalysts. However, water splitting to evolve H2 and O2 in a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio has yet to be achieved using homogeneous molecular photocatalysts, remaining as one of the biggest challenges in science. Herein, we demonstrate overall water splitting to evolve H2 and O2 in a 2:1 ratio using a two liquid membranes system composed of two toluene phases, which are separated by a solvent mixture of water and trifluoroethanol (H2O/TFE, 3:1 v/v), with a glass membrane to combine PSI and PSII molecular models. A PSII model contains plastoquinone analogs [p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q)] in toluene and an iron(II) complex as a molecular oxidation catalyst in H2O/TFE (3:1 v/v), which evolves a stoichiometric amount of O2 and forms plastoquinol analogs (X-QH2) under photoirradiation. On the other hand, a PSI model contains nothing in toluene but contains X-QH2, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) as a photocatalyst, and a cobalt(III) complex as an H2 evolution catalyst in H2O/TFE (3:1 v/v), which evolves a stoichiometric amount of H2 and forms X-Q under photoirradiation. When a PSII model system is combined with a PSI model system with two glass membranes and two liquid membranes, photocatalytic water splitting with homogeneous molecular photocatalysts is achieved to evolve hydrogen and oxygen with the turnover number (TON) of >100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Rogati GMA, Capecci C, Fazio E, Serroni S, Puntoriero F, Guidoni L, Campagna S. Molecular Modelling and Simulations of Light Harvesting Decanuclear Ru-based Dendrimers for Artificial Photosynthesis. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103310. [PMID: 34752652 PMCID: PMC9299829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a decanuclear photo- and redox-active dendrimer based on Ru(II) polypyridine subunits, suitable as a light-harvesting multicomponent species for artificial photosynthesis, has been investigated by means of computer modelling. The compound has the general formula [Ru{(μ-dpp)Ru[(μ-dpp)Ru(bpy) 2 ] 2 } 3 ](PF 6 ) 20 ( Ru10 ; bpy =2,2'-bipyridine; dpp= 2,3-bis(2'-pyridyl)pyrazine). The stability of possible isomers of each monomer was investigated by performing classical molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics (QM) simulations on each monomer and comparing the results. The number of stable isomers is reduced to 36 with a prevalence of MER isomerism in the central core, as previously observed by NMR experiments. The simulations on decanuclear dendrimers suggest that the stability of the dendrimer is not linked to the stability of the individual monomers composing the dendrimer but rather governed by the steric constrains originated by the multimetallic assembly. Finally, the self-aggregation of Ru10 and the distribution of the counterions around the complexes is investigated using Molecular Dynamics both in implicit and explicit acetonitrile solution. In representative examples, with nine and four dendrimers, the calculated pair distribution function for the ruthenium centers suggests a self-aggregation mechanism where the dendrimers are approaching in small blocks and then aggregate all together. Scanning transmission electron microscopy complements the investigation, supporting the formation of different aggregates at various concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna M A Rogati
- University of L'Aquila Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences: Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Ingegneria, Scienze dell'Informazione e Matematica, ITALY
| | - Chiara Capecci
- University of L'Aquila Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics: Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze dell'Informazione e Matematica, Ingegneria, scienze dell'Informazione e matematica, ITALY
| | - Enza Fazio
- University of Messina, Scienze matematiche ed informatiche, scienze fisiche e scienze della Terra, ITALY
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- University of Messina, Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, ITALY
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- University of Messina Faculty of Physical and Natural Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Messina, Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, ITALY
| | | | - Sebastiano Campagna
- University of Messina, Chemical Sciences, Via Stagno d'alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, ITALY
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Grzyb J, Walczewska-Szewc K, Sławski J, Trojnar M. Quantum dot clusters as self-assembled antennae with phycocyanine and phycobilisomes as energy acceptors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24505-24517. [PMID: 34700331 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated an experimental and Monte-Carlo computational characterization of self-assembled antennae built using CdTe colloidal quantum dots (QDs). These clusters provide efficient excitation of phycocyanine (PC) or phycobilisomes (PBSs). PBSs are light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of cyanobacteria, made of several PC units, organized in disks and rods. Each PC contains three separate cofactors. Therefore, we analyzed variations in multi-donor and multi-acceptor systems. The self-assembled QD clusters were formed mostly by electrostatic interactions, possibly due to the introduction of a positive charge on an originally negatively charged nanoparticle surface. Our results suggest that PC may accept energy from multiple nanoparticles localized at a distance significantly longer than the Förster radius. The excitation transfers between particular nanoparticles with possible delocalization. The maximal energy transfer efficiency was obtained for the PC/PBS : QD ratio from 1 to 20 depending on the QD size. This cannot be fully explained using computational simulations; hence, we discussed the hypothesis and explained the observations. Our self-assembled systems may be considered for possible applications in artificial light-harvesting systems because absorption spectra of QDs are different from the absorption characteristics of PC/PBS. In addition, huge clusters of QDs may effectively increase the optical cross-section of so-created nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a str, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Walczewska-Szewc
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5 str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a str, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Martyna Trojnar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a str, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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7
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La Ganga G, Puntoriero F, Fazio E, Natali M, Nastasi F, Santoro A, Galletta M, Campagna S. Photoinduced Water Oxidation in Chitosan Nanostructures Containing Covalently Linked Ru II Chromophores and Encapsulated Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2021; 27:16904-16911. [PMID: 34418201 PMCID: PMC9291156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The luminophore Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)2+ (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine; dcbpy=4,4’‐dicarboxy‐2,2’‐bipyridine) is covalently linked to a chitosan polymer; crosslinking by tripolyphosphate produced Ru‐decorated chitosan fibers (NS‐RuCh), with a 20 : 1 ratio between chitosan repeating units and RuII chromophores. The properties of the RuII compound are unperturbed by the chitosan structure, with NS‐RuCh exhibiting the typical metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) absorption and emission bands of RuII complexes. When crosslinks are made in the presence of IrO2 nanoparticles, such species are encapsulated within the nanofibers, thus generating the IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh system, in which both RuII photosensitizers and IrO2 water oxidation catalysts are within the nanofiber structures. NS‐RuCh and IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh have been characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electronic microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, which indicated a 2 : 1 ratio between RuII chromophores and IrO2 species. Photochemical water oxidation has been investigated by using IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh as the chromophore/catalyst assembly and persulfate anions as the sacrificial species: photochemical water oxidation yields O2 with a quantum yield (Φ) of 0.21, definitely higher than the Φ obtained with a similar solution containing separated Ru(bpy)32+ and IrO2 nanoparticles (0.05) or with respect to that obtained when using NS‐RuCh and “free” IrO2 nanoparticles (0.10). A fast hole‐scavenging process (rate constant, 7×104 s−1) involving the oxidized photosensitizer and the IrO2 catalyst within the IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh system is behind the improved photochemical quantum yield of IrO2⊂NS‐RuCh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina La Ganga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Biomimicry and the Built Environment, Learning from Nature’s Solutions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in biomimicry in built environments highlights the awareness raised among designers on the potentials nature offers to human and system function improvements. Biomimicry has been widely utilized in advanced material technology. However, its potential in sustainable architecture and construction has yet to be discussed in depth. Thus, this study offers a comprehensive review of the use of biomimicry in architecture and structural engineering. It also reviews the methods in which biomimicry assists in achieving efficient, sustainable built environments. The first part of this review paper introduces the concept of biomimicry historically and practically, discusses the use of biomimicry in design and architecture, provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and benefits of biomimicry in architecture, and explores how biomimicry can be utilized in building envelops. Then, in the second part, the integration of biomimicry in structural engineering and construction is thoroughly explained through several case studies. Finally, biomimicry in architectural and structural design of built environments in creating climate-sensitive and energy-efficient design is explained.
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9
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Self-Assembly and Photochemistry of a Pyrene-Methyl Viologen Supramolecular Fiber System. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8539-8549. [PMID: 34313435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the self-assembly of a donor-acceptor system into nanoscopic structures and the photo processes taking place within these structures. The donor employed is pyrene linked to two β-cyclodextrin molecules (CD-PY-CD), and adamantane-linked methyl viologen attached to the three arms of mesitylene (Ms-(MV2+-AD)3) is the acceptor. CD-PY-CD and Ms-(MV2+-AD)3 when dissolved in water self-assembled into vesicles, which joined together to give long fibers. The self-assembly was studied using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched within the self-assembled system due to efficient photoinduced electron transfer to methyl viologen. Photoinduced electron transfer within the assembly is confirmed through identification of product radical ions in flash photolysis experiments. Steady-state irradiation of the self-assembled system in an optical bench led to the formation of methyl viologen radical cation, which was stable for a few hours. Longevity of the radical cation was attributed to the fast reaction of pyrene radical cation with adjacent pyrene to give an unstable adduct, which slows down the back electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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10
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Gorka M, Charles P, Kalendra V, Baldansuren A, Lakshmi KV, Golbeck JH. A dimeric chlorophyll electron acceptor differentiates type I from type II photosynthetic reaction centers. iScience 2021; 24:102719. [PMID: 34278250 PMCID: PMC8267441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This research addresses one of the most compelling issues in the field of photosynthesis, namely, the role of the accessory chlorophyll molecules in primary charge separation. Using a combination of empirical and computational methods, we demonstrate that the primary acceptor of photosystem (PS) I is a dimer of accessory and secondary chlorophyll molecules, Chl2A and Chl3A, with an asymmetric electron charge density distribution. The incorporation of highly coupled donors and acceptors in PS I allows for extensive delocalization that prolongs the lifetime of the charge-separated state, providing for high quantum efficiency. The discovery of this motif has widespread implications ranging from the evolution of naturally occurring reaction centers to the development of a new generation of highly efficient artificial photosynthetic systems. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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11
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Self-Assembled Bis(β-cyclodextrin)-Linked Pyrene/Bis(adamantane)-Linked Methyl Viologen Donor-Acceptor System in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4428-4437. [PMID: 33887907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene linked to two β-CD (CD = cyclodextrin; PY = pyrene) molecules (CD-PY-CD) and methylviologen (MV2+) linked to two adamantane (AD) groups (AD-MV2+-AD) self-assembled in water to give toroidal nanostructures. Photoprocesses taking place in the femtosecond and nanosecond time ranges within the assembly are reported. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched in the toroid, suggesting very efficient electron transfer. Fast quenching of the pyrene fluorescence with a time constant of 6.85 ns was attributed to photoinduced electron transfer from pyrene to methyl viologen within the toroid assembly. Electron transfer leads to the formation of radical ion products, PY•+ and MV•+, which were identified in the nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Because of the close packing of chromophores, the radical ions undergo fast reactions with chromophores or similar ions in adjacent stacks to give dimeric products. Since the dimeric species are not very stable, the reactions are reversed at longer time scales to generate the radical ions, which then undergo back electron transfer and regenerate the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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12
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Plastoquinol Analogues as a Potential Functional Model of Photosystem I. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14838-14846. [PMID: 33023288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of a functional model of photosystem II (PSII) has paved a new way to connect the PSII model with a functional model of photosystem I (PSI). However, PSI functional models have yet to be reported. We report herein the first potential functional model of PSI, in which plastoquinol (PQH2) analogues were oxidized to plastoquinone (PQ) analogues, accompanied by hydrogen (H2) evolution. Photoirradiation of a deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution containing hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH2) as a hydrogen source, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) as a photoredox catalyst, and a cobalt(III) complex, CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl (dmgH = dimethylglyoximate monoanion; py = pyridine) as a redox catalyst resulted in the evolution of H2 and formation of the corresponding p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q) quantitatively. The maximum quantum yield for photocatalytic H2 evolution from tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl4QH2) with Acr+-Mes and CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl and H2O in deaerated MeCN was determined to be 10%. Photocatalytic H2 evolution is started by electron transfer (ET) from Cl4QH2 to the triplet ET state of Acr+-Mes to produce Cl4QH2•+ and Acr•-Mes with a rate constant of 7.2 × 107 M-1 s-1, followed by ET from Acr•-Mes to CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl to produce [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]-, accompanied by the regeneration of Acr+-Mes. On the other hand, Cl4QH2•+ is deprotonated to produce Cl4QH•, which transfers either a hydrogen-atom transfer or a proton-coupled electron transfer to [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- to produce a cobalt(III) hydride complex, [CoIII(H)(dmgH)2pyCl]-, which reacts with H+ to evolve H2, accompanied by the regeneration of CoIII(dmgH)2pyCl. The formation of [CoII(dmgH)2pyCl]- was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
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13
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Krishnan SB, Gopidas KR. Generation of Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge Separation in a Supramolecular Toroidal Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9546-9555. [PMID: 32897708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficiencies of artificial photosynthetic and photocatalytic systems depend on their ability to generate long-lived charge-separated (CS) states in photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reactions. PET, in most cases, is followed by an ultrafast back electron transfer, which severely reduces lifetime and quantum yield of CS states. Generation of a long-lived CS state is an important goal in the study of PET reactions. Herein, we report that this goal is achieved using a hierarchically self-assembled anthracene-methyl viologen donor-acceptor system. Anthracene linked to two β-cyclodextrin molecules (CD-AN-CD) and methyl viologen linked to two adamantane units (AD-MV2+-AD) form an inclusion complex in water, which further self-assembled into well-defined toroidal nanostructures. The fluorescence of anthracene is highly quenched in the self-assembled system because of PET from anthracene to methyl viologen. Irradiation of the aqueous toroidal solution led to formation of a long-lived CS state. Rational mechanisms for the formation of the toroidal nanostructures and long-lived photoinduced charge separation are presented in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumesh B Krishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
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14
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Moretti L, Kudisch B, Terazono Y, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D, Cerullo G, Scholes GD, Maiuri M. Ultrafast Dynamics of Nonrigid Zinc-Porphyrin Arrays Mimicking the Photosynthetic "Special Pair". J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3443-3450. [PMID: 32290662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated porphyrin arrays are heavily investigated as efficient molecular systems for photosynthesis and photocatalysis. Recently, a series of one-, two-, and six-zinc-porphyrin arrays, noncovalently linked through benzene-based hubs, have been synthesized with the aim of mimicking the structure and function of the bacteriochlorophyll "special pair" in photosynthetic reaction centers. The excitonically coupled porphyrin subunits are expected to activate additional excited state relaxation channels with respect to the monomer. Here, we unveil the appearance of such supramolecular electronic interactions using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with sub-25 fs time resolution. Upon photoexcitation of the Soret band, we resolve energy trapping within ∼150 fs in a delocalized dark excitonic manifold. Moreover, excitonic interactions promote an additional fast internal conversion from the Q-band to the ground state with an efficiency of up to 60% in the hexamer. These relaxation pathways appear to be common loss channels that limit the lifetime of the exciton states in noncovalently bound molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Moretti
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Yuichi Terazono
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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15
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16
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Abstract
Metalloporphyrinoids are utilized as efficient sensitizers and catalysts in photosynthesis and the reverse reaction that is respiration. Because metalloporphyrinoids show strong absorption in the visible region and redox active, metalloporphyrinoids are also suited as photoredox catalysts for photo-driven redox reactions using solar energy. In particular, metalloporphyrins are utilized as pivotal components to mimic the structure and function of the photosynthetic reaction center. Metalloporphyrins are used as photoredox catalysts for hydrogen evolution from electron and proton sources combining hydrogen evolution catalysts. Metalloporphyrins also act as thermal redox catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with photoredox catalysts. Metalloporphyrins are also used as dual catalysts for a photoredox catalyst for oxygenation of substrates with H2O and a redox catalyst for O2 reduction when dioxygen is used as a two-electron oxidant and H2O as an oxygen source, both of which are the greenest reactants. Free base porphyrins can also be employed as promising photoredox catalysts for C–C bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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17
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Kaliakin DS, Nakata H, Kim Y, Chen Q, Fedorov DG, Slipchenko LV. FMOxFMO: Elucidating Excitonic Interactions in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson Complex with the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:1175-1187. [PMID: 31841349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to study Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is extended to compute electronic couplings between local excitations via the excited state transition density model, enabling efficient calculations of nonlocal excitations in a large molecular system and overcoming the previous limitation of being able to compute only local excitations. The results of these simple but accurate models are validated against full quantum calculations without fragmentation. The developed method is applied to a very important photosynthetic pigment-protein complex, the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex (FMOc), that is responsible for the energy transfer from a chlorosome to the reaction center in the green sulfur bacteria. Absorption and circular dichroism spectra of FMOc are simulated, and the role of the molecular environment on the excitations is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil S Kaliakin
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Hiroya Nakata
- Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Devices , Kyocera , 5-3 Hikaridai-3 , Seika-cho Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237 , Japan
| | - Yongbin Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Dmitri G Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1 , Tsukuba 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Lyudmila V Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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18
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Barbon A, Dal Farra MG, Ciuti S, Albertini M, Bolzonello L, Orian L, Di Valentin M. Comprehensive investigation of the triplet state electronic structure of free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin by a combined advanced EPR and theoretical approach. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034201. [PMID: 31968969 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the photoexcited triplet state of free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS4-) has been investigated by advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques combined with quantum chemical calculations. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, D and E, the orientation of the transition dipole moment in the ZFS tensor frame, and the proton hyperfine couplings have been determined by magnetophotoselection-EPR and pulse electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. Both time-resolved and pulse experiments exploit the electron spin polarization of the photoexcited triplet state. Comparison of the magnetic observables with computational results, including CASSCF calculations of the ZFS interaction tensor, provides an accurate picture of the triplet-state electronic structure. The theoretical investigation has been integrated with a systematic analysis on the parent free-base porphyrin molecule to assess the effect of the sulfonatophenyl substituents on the magnetic tensors. Additionally, the magnetophotoselection effects are discussed in terms of tautomerization in the excited singlet state of H2TPPS4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Dal Farra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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19
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Ngo HT, Lewis JEM, Payne DT, D’Souza F, Hill JP, Ariga K, Yoshikawa G, Goldup SM. Rotaxanation as a sequestering template to preclude incidental metal insertion in complex oligochromophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7447-7450. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rotaxane as sacrificial template to avoid metal insertion in porphyrinoids during copper catalyzed click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Thien Ngo
- Olfactory Sensors Group
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN)
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Daniel T. Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS)
- National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS)
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | | | - Jonathan P. Hill
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Olfactory Sensors Group
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN)
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
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20
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Sharma N, Lee Y, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photoinduced Generation of Superoxidants for the Oxidation of Substrates with High C−H Bond Dissociation Energies. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Yong‐Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringMeijo University, Nagoya Aichi 468-8502 Japan
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21
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Hong YH, Jung J, Nakagawa T, Sharma N, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photodriven Oxidation of Water by Plastoquinone Analogs with a Nonheme Iron Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6748-6754. [PMID: 30943724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photoirradiation of an acetonitrile solution containing p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q) as plastoquinone analogs, a nonheme iron(II) complex, [(N4Py)FeII]2+ (N4Py = N, N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)- N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine), and H2O afforded the evolution of O2 and the formation of the corresponding hydroquinone derivatives (X-QH2) quantitatively. During the photodriven oxidation of water by X-Q, [(N4Py)FeII]2+ was oxidized by the excited state of X-Q to produce the iron(IV)-oxo complex ([(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+) quantitatively. The concentration of [(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+ remained virtually the same during the repeated cycles of photodriven oxidation of water by X-Q. [(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+ was further oxidized by the excited state of X-Q to [(N4Py)FeV(O)]3+; this FeV-oxo species is proposed as an active oxidant that affects the water oxidation. The photocatalytic mechanism of the water oxidation by X-Q with [(N4Py)FeII]2+ was clarified by detecting intermediates using various spectroscopic techniques, such as transient absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. To the best of our knowledge, the present study reports the first example of a functional model of Photosystem II (PSII) using X-Q as plastoquinone analogs in the photocatalytic oxidation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Unisoku Co., Ltd, SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0131 , Japan
| | - Namita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering , Meijo University, SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Nagoya , Aichi 468-0073 , Japan
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22
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Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:779-798. [PMID: 30560964 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanisms of thermal and photochemical oxidation of water with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, including conversion from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysts in the course of water oxidation, are discussed in this review article. Molecular and homogeneous catalysts have the advantage to clarify the catalytic mechanisms by detecting active intermediates in catalytic water oxidation. On the other hand, heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts have advantages for practical applications due to high catalytic activity, robustness and easier separation of catalysts by filtration as compared with molecular homogeneous precursors. Ligand oxidation of homogeneous catalysts sometimes results in the dissociation of ligands to form nanoparticles, which act as much more efficient catalysts for water oxidation. Since it is quite difficult to identify active intermediates on the heterogeneous catalyst surface, the mechanism of water oxidation has hardly been clarified under heterogeneous catalytic conditions. This review focuses on the kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation with homogeneous catalysts, which may be converted to heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts depending on various reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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23
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Mimicry and functions of photosynthetic reaction centers. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1279-1288. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of photosynthetic reaction centers (PRCs) have been modeled by designing and synthesizing electron donor–acceptor ensembles including electron mediators, which can mimic multi-step photoinduced charge separation occurring in PRCs to obtain long-lived charge-separated states. PRCs in photosystem I (PSI) or/and photosystem II (PSII) have been utilized as components of solar cells to convert solar energy to electric energy. Biohybrid photoelectrochemical cells composed of PSII have also been developed for solar-driven water splitting into H2 and O2. Such a strategy to bridge natural photosynthesis with artificial photosynthesis is discussed in this minireview.
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24
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Chen XF, El-Khouly ME, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Ng DKP. Assemblies of Boron Dipyrromethene/Porphyrin, Phthalocyanine, and C 60 Moieties as Artificial Models of Photosynthesis: Synthesis, Supramolecular Interactions, and Photophysical Studies. Chemistry 2018; 24:3862-3872. [PMID: 29315946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of light-harvesting conjugates based on a zinc(II) phthalocyanine core with either two or four boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) or porphyrin units have been synthesized and characterized. The conjugation of BODIPY/porphyrin units can extend the absorptions of the phthalocyanine core to cover most of the visible region. Upon addition of an imidazole-substituted C60 (C60 Im), it can axially bind to the zinc(II) center of the phthalocyanine core through metal-ligand interactions. The resulting complexes form photosynthetic antenna-reaction center mimics in which the BODIPY/porphyrin units serve as the antennas to capture the light and transfer the energy to the phthalocyanine core by efficient excitation energy transfer. The excited phthalocyanine is then quenched by the axially bound C60 Im moiety by electron transfer, which has been supported by computational studies. The photoinduced processes of the assemblies have been studied in detail by various steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. By femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic studies, the lifetimes of the charge-separated state of the bis(BODIPY) and bis(porphyrin) systems have been determined to be 3.2 and 4.0 ns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed E El-Khouly
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P. R. China
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25
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Fukuzumi S, Lee Y, Nam W. Immobilization of Molecular Catalysts for Enhanced Redox Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Meijo University Nagoya Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Yong‐Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
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26
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Reddy G, Duvva N, Seetharaman S, D’Souza F, Giribabu L. Photoinduced energy transfer in carbazole–BODIPY dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27418-27428. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05509b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of carbazole (CBZ)–boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) based donor–acceptor dyads, CB1, CB2, and CB3, with CBZ as an energy donor, tethered together with spacers of varied sizes i.e., phenyl bridge, biphenyl bridge and diphenylethyne bridge, respectively, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Reddy
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Naresh Duvva
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | | | | | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
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27
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Fukuzumi S, Lee Y, Nam W. Artificial Photosynthesis for Production of ATP, NAD(P)H, and Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Meijo University, Nagoya Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Yong‐Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
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