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Bhat AM, Mohapatra BC, Luan H, Mushtaq I, Chakraborty S, Kumar S, Wu W, Nolan B, Dutta S, Storck MD, Schott M, Meza JL, Lele SM, Lin MF, Cook LM, Corey E, Morrissey C, Coulter DW, Rowley MJ, Natarajan A, Datta K, Band V, Band H. GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase promote tumorigenesis in prostate cancer by regulating cancer stem cell behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13523. [PMID: 38866755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While better management of loco-regional prostate cancer (PC) has greatly improved survival, advanced PC remains a major cause of cancer deaths. Identification of novel targetable pathways that contribute to tumor progression in PC could open new therapeutic options. The di-ganglioside GD2 is a target of FDA-approved antibody therapies in neuroblastoma, but the role of GD2 in PC is unexplored. Here, we show that GD2 is expressed in a small subpopulation of PC cells in a subset of patients and a higher proportion of metastatic tumors. Variable levels of cell surface GD2 expression were seen on many PC cell lines, and the expression was highly upregulated by experimental induction of lineage progression or enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cell models. GD2high cell fraction was enriched upon growth of PC cells as tumorspheres and GD2high fraction was enriched in tumorsphere-forming ability. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) of the rate-limiting GD2 biosynthetic enzyme GD3 Synthase (GD3S) in GD2high CRPC cell models markedly impaired the in vitro oncogenic traits and growth as bone-implanted xenograft tumors and reduced the cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression. Our results support the potential role of GD3S and its product GD2 in promoting PC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cells and suggest the potential for GD2 targeting in advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib M Bhat
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Wangbin Wu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Ben Nolan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Micah Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jane L Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - M Jordan Rowley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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2
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Bhat AM, Mohapatra BC, Luan H, Mushtaq I, Chakraborty S, Kumar S, Wu W, Nolan B, Dutta S, Stock MD, Schott M, Meza JL, Lele SM, Lin MF, Cook LM, Corey E, Morrissey C, Coulter DW, Rowley J, Natarajan A, Datta K, Band V, Band H. GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase promote tumorigenesis in prostate cancer by regulating cancer stem cell behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.18.533299. [PMID: 36993422 PMCID: PMC10055271 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
While better management of loco-regional prostate cancer (PC) has greatly improved survival, advanced PC remains a major cause of cancer deaths. Identification of novel targetable pathways that contribute to tumor progression in PC could open new therapeutic options. The di-ganglioside GD2 is a target of FDA-approved antibody therapies in neuroblastoma, but the role of GD2 in PC is unexplored. Here, we show that GD2 is expressed in a small subpopulation of PC cells in a subset of patients and a higher proportion of metastatic tumors. Variable levels of cell surface GD2 expression were seen on many PC cell lines, and the expression was highly upregulated by experimental induction of lineage progression or enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cell models. GD2high cell fraction was enriched upon growth of PC cells as tumorspheres and GD2high fraction was enriched in tumorsphere-forming ability. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) of the rate-limiting GD2 biosynthetic enzyme GD3 Synthase (GD3S) in GD2high CRPC cell models markedly impaired the in vitro oncogenic traits and growth as bone-implanted xenograft tumors and reduced the cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Our results support the potential role of GD3S and its product GD2 in promoting PC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cells and suggest the potential for GD2 targeting in advanced PC.
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3
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Naderinezhad S, Zhang G, Wang Z, Zheng D, Hulsurkar M, Bakhoum M, Su N, Yang H, Shen T, Li W. A novel GRK3-HDAC2 regulatory pathway is a key direct link between neuroendocrine differentiation and angiogenesis in prostate cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2023; 571:216333. [PMID: 37543278 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive PCa variant, are largely unclear. Two prominent NEPC phenotypes are elevated NE marker expression and heightened angiogenesis. Identifying the still elusive direct molecular links connecting angiogenesis and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is crucial for our understanding and targeting of NEPC. Here we found that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), whose role in NEPC has not been reported, is one of the most upregulated epigenetic regulators in NEPC. HDAC2 promotes both NED and angiogenesis. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3), also upregulated in NEPC, is a critical promoter for both phenotypes too. Of note, GRK3 phosphorylates HDAC2 at S394, which enhances HDAC2's epigenetic repression of potent anti-angiogenic factor Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) and master NE-repressor RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST). Intriguingly, REST suppresses angiogenesis while TSP1 suppresses NE marker expression in PCa cells, indicative of their novel functions and their synergy in cross-repressing the two phenotypes. Furthermore, the GRK3-HDAC2 pathway is activated by androgen deprivation therapy and hypoxia, both known to promote NED and angiogenesis in PCa. These results indicate that NED and angiogenesis converge on GRK3-enhanced HDAC2 suppression of REST and TSP1, which constitutes a key missing link between two prominent phenotypes of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Naderinezhad
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohit Hulsurkar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Bakhoum
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ning Su
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Han Yang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Steadman K, You S, Srinivas DV, Mouakkad L, Yan Y, Kim M, Venugopal SV, Tanaka H, Freeman MR. Autonomous action and cooperativity between the ONECUT2 transcription factor and its 3' untranslated region. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1206259. [PMID: 37484909 PMCID: PMC10356556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1206259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) is a master transcriptional regulator operating in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that suppresses androgen receptor activity and promotes neural differentiation and tumor cell survival. OC2 mRNA possesses an unusually long (14,575 nt), evolutionarily conserved 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) with many microRNA binding sites, including up to 26 miR-9 sites. This is notable because miR-9 targets many of the same genes regulated by the OC2 protein. Paradoxically, OC2 expression is high in tissues with high miR-9 expression. The length and complex secondary structure of OC2 mRNA suggests that it is a potent master competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) capable of sequestering miRNAs. Here, we describe a novel role for OC2 3' UTR in lethal prostate cancer consistent with a function as a ceRNA. A plausible ceRNA network in OC2-driven tumors was constructed computationally and then confirmed in prostate cancer cell lines. Genes regulated by OC2 3' UTR exhibited high overlap (up to 45%) with genes driven by the overexpression of the OC2 protein in the absence of 3' UTR, indicating a cooperative functional relationship between the OC2 protein and its 3' UTR. These overlapping networks suggest an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to reinforce OC2 transcription by protection of OC2-regulated mRNAs from miRNA suppression. Both the protein and 3' UTR showed increased polycomb-repressive complex activity. The expression of OC2 3' UTR mRNA alone (without protein) dramatically increased the metastatic potential by in vitro assays. Additionally, OC2 3' UTR increased the expression of Aldo-Keto reductase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase family genes responsible for altering the androgen synthesis pathway. ONECUT2 represents the first-described dual-modality transcript that operates as both a key transcription factor driving castration-resistant prostate cancer and a master ceRNA that promotes and protects the same transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael R. Freeman
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Shen Q, Liu Y, Deng X, Hu CD. PRMT5 promotes chemotherapy-induced neuroendocrine differentiation in NSCLC. Thorac Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37140020 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to therapeutic treatments, cancer cells can exhibit a variety of resistance phenotypes including neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). NED is a process by which cancer cells can transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine-like cells in response to treatments, and is now widely accepted as a key mechanism of acquired therapy resistance. Recent clinical evidence has suggested that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can also transform into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors. However, whether chemotherapy induces NED to confer therapy resistance in NSCLC remains unknown. METHODS We evaluated whether NSCLC cells can undergo NED in response to chemotherapeutic agents etoposide and cisplatin. By Knock-down of PRMT5 or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 to identify its role in the NED process. RESULTS We observed that both etoposide and cisplatin can induce NED in multiple NSCLC cell lines. Mechanistically, we identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a critical mediator of chemotherapy-induced NED. Significantly, the knock-down of PRMT5 or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 suppressed the induction of NED and increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that targeting PRMT5 may be explored as a chemosensitization approach by inhibiting chemotherapy-induced NED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Pawar JS, Al-Amin MY, Hu CD. JNJ-64619178 radiosensitizes and suppresses fractionated ionizing radiation-induced neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126482. [PMID: 36959798 PMCID: PMC10028149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment regimen for locally advanced prostate cancer; however, its failure results in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-related death. The recurrence of cancer after radiotherapy is one of the major challenges in prostate cancer treatment. Despite overall cure rate of 93.3% initially, prostate cancer relapse in 20-30% patients after radiation therapy. Cancer cells acquire radioresistance upon fractionated ionizing radiation (FIR) treatment, eventually undergo neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and transform into neuroendocrine-like cells, a mechanism involved in acquiring resistance to radiation therapy. Radiosensitizers are agents that inhibit the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) gets upregulated upon ionizing radiation treatment and epigenetically activates DNA damage repair genes in prostate cancer cells. In this study, we targeted PRMT5 with JNJ-64619178 and assessed its effect on DNA damage repair gene activation, radiosensitization, and FIR-induced NED in prostate cancer. Methods γH2AX foci analysis was performed to evaluate the DNA damage repair after radiation therapy. RT-qPCR and western blot were carried out to analyze the expression of DNA damage repair genes. Clonogenic assay was conducted to find out the surviving fraction after radiation therapy. NED was targeted with JNJ-64619178 in androgen receptor (AR) positive and negative prostate cancer cells undergoing FIR treatment. Results JNJ-64619178 inhibits DNA damage repair in prostate cancer cells independent of their AR status. JNJ-64619178 impairs the repair of ionizing radiation-induced damaged DNA by transcriptionally inhibiting the DNA damage repair gene expression and radiosensitizes prostate, glioblastoma and lung cancer cell line. It targets NED induced by FIR in prostate cancer cells. Conclusion JNJ-64619178 can radiosensitize and suppress NED induced by FIR in prostate cancer cells and can be a potential radiosensitizer for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jogendra Singh Pawar, ;
| | - Md. Yusuf Al-Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Developing New Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Recurrent Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081872. [PMID: 36009418 PMCID: PMC9405166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major diagnosed cancer among men globally, and about 20% of patients develop metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) in the initial diagnosis. PCa is a typical androgen-dependent disease; thus, hormonal therapy is commonly used as a standard care for mPCa by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) activities, or androgen metabolism. Inevitably, almost all PCa will acquire resistance and become castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) that is associated with AR gene mutations or amplification, the presence of AR variants, loss of AR expression toward neuroendocrine phenotype, or other hormonal receptors. Treating CRPC poses a great challenge to clinicians. Research efforts in the last decade have come up with several new anti-androgen agents to prolong overall survival of CRPC patients. In addition, many potential targeting agents have been at the stage of being able to translate many preclinical discoveries into clinical practices. At this juncture, it is important to highlight the emerging strategies including small-molecule inhibitors to AR variants, DNA repair enzymes, cell survival pathway, neuroendocrine differentiation pathway, radiotherapy, CRPC-specific theranostics and immune therapy that are underway or have recently been completed.
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8
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Xue C, Corey E, Gujral TS. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation as Therapeutic Vulnerability in Androgen Receptor Pathway Active Prostate Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071739. [PMID: 35406510 PMCID: PMC8997167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males. The lack of preclinical models and molecular characterization for advanced stage PC is a key barrier in understanding the aggressive subsets androgen receptor (AR) pathway active or AR-null castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). Our study aimed to assess the potential of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and an approach integrating proteomic and transcriptomic techniques to explore the underlying drivers of metastatic PC. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of 42 PDX prostate tumors uncovered both previously established and unexpected molecular features of aggressive PC subsets. Of these, we confirmed the functional role of mitochondrial metabolism in AR-positive CRPC. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males and has limited therapeutic options. The lack of preclinical models for advanced stage PC represents one of the primary barriers in understanding the key genetic drivers of aggressive subsets, including androgen receptor (AR) pathway active and AR-null castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). In our studies, we described a series of LuCaP patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models representing the major genomic and phenotypic features of human disease. To fully exploit the potential of these preclinical models, we carried out a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of 42 LuCaP PDX prostate tumors. The collected proteomic data (~6000 data points) based on 71 antibodies revealed many of the previously known molecular markers associated with AR-positive and AR-null CRPC. Genomic analysis indicated subtype-specific activation of pathways such as Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, mTOR, and oxidative phosphorylation for AR-positive CRPC and upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and glucose metabolism for AR-null CRPC. Of these, we functionally confirmed the role of mitochondrial metabolism in AR-positive CRPC cell lines. Our data highlight how the integration of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches and PDX systems as preclinical models can potentially map the connectivity of poorly understood signaling pathways in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Xue
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Taranjit S. Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Lee C, Chen Y, Hernandez E, Pong R, Ma S, Hofstad M, Kapur P, Zhau H, Chung LWK, Lai C, Lin H, Lee M, Raj GV, Hsieh J. The central role of Sphingosine kinase 1 in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC): A new targeted therapy of NEPC. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e695. [PMID: 35184376 PMCID: PMC8858611 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is often diagnosed as a sub‐type from the castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) recurred from the second generation of anti‐androgen treatment and is a rapidly progressive fatal disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the trans‐differentiation from CRPC to NEPC are not fully characterized, which hampers the development of effective targeted therapy. Methods Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to determine the clinical correlation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in CRPC progression. To investigate the transcriptional regulation SphK1 and neuroendocrine (NE) transcription factor genes, both chromosome immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed. To demonstrate the role of SphK1 in NEPC development, neurosphere assay was carried out along with several biomarkers determined by quantitative PCR and western blot. Furthermore, in vivo NEPC xenograft models and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model were employed to determine the effect of SphK1 inhibitors and target validation. Results Significant prevalence of SphK1 in NEPC development is observed from clinical datasets. SphK1 is transcriptionally repressed by androgen receptor‐RE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) complex. Furthermore, sphingosine 1‐phosphate produced by SphK1 can modulate REST protein turnover via MAPK signaling pathway. Also, decreased REST protein levels enhance the expression of NE markers in CRPC, enabling the transition to NEPC. Finally, specific SphK1 inhibitors can effectively inhibit the growth of NEPC tumors and block the REST protein degradation in PDX. Conclusions SphK1 plays a central role in NEPC development, which offers a new target for this lethal cancer using clinically approved SphK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Fan Lee
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐An Chen
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Rey‐Chen Pong
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Mia Hofstad
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Urology and Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Haiyen Zhau
- Uro‐Oncology Research Department of Medicine Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Leland WK Chung
- Uro‐Oncology Research Department of Medicine Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Chih‐Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Jer‐Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
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10
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Owens JL, Beketova E, Liu S, Shen Q, Pawar JS, Asberry AM, Yang J, Deng X, Elzey BD, Ratliff TL, Cheng L, Choo CR, Citrin DE, Polascik TJ, Wang B, Huang J, Li C, Wan J, Hu CD. Targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) suppresses radiation-induced neuroendocrine differentiation and sensitizes prostate cancer cells to radiation. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:448-459. [PMID: 35027481 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among American men. Radiation therapy (RT) is a potentially curative treatment for localized prostate cancer, and failure to control localized disease contributes to the majority of prostate cancer deaths. Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer, a process by which prostate adenocarcinoma cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine-like (NE-like) cells, is an emerging mechanism of resistance to cancer therapies and contributes to disease progression. NED also occurs in response to treatment to promote the development of treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a highly-aggressive and terminal stage disease. We previously demonstrated that by mimicking clinical RT protocol, fractionated ionizing radiation (FIR) induces prostate cancer cells to undergo NED in vitro and in vivo. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis and confirmed that FIR-induced NE-like cells share some features of clinical NEPC, suggesting that FIR-induced NED represents a clinically-relevant model. Further, we demonstrated that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a master epigenetic regulator of the DNA damage response and a putative oncogene in prostate cancer, along with its cofactors pICln and MEP50, mediate FIR-induced NED. Knockdown of PRMT5, pICln, or MEP50 during FIR-inhibited NED sensitized prostate cancer cells to radiation. Significantly, PRMT5 knockdown in prostate cancer xenograft tumors in mice during FIR prevented NED, enhanced tumor killing, significantly reduced and delayed tumor recurrence, and prolonged overall survival. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PRMT5 promotes FIR-induced NED and suggests that targeting PRMT5 may be a novel and effective radiosensitization approach for prostate cancer RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Owens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Elena Beketova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Andrew M Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacolog, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Comparative Pathobiology and the Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University West Lafayette
| | - Liang Cheng
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Bangchen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jun Wan
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette
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11
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Validation of SV2A-Targeted PET Imaging for Noninvasive Assessment of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313085. [PMID: 34884893 PMCID: PMC8657802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive and lethal variant of prostate cancer (PCa), and it remains a diagnostic challenge. Herein we report our findings of using synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 isoform A (SV2A) as a promising marker for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). The bioinformatic analyses revealed an amplified SV2A gene expression in clinical samples of NEPC versus castration-resistant PCa with adenocarcinoma characteristics (CRPC-Adeno). Importantly, significantly upregulated SV2A protein levels were found in both NEPC cell lines and tumor tissues. PET imaging studies were carried out in NEPC xenograft models with 18F-SynVesT-1. Although 18F-SynVesT-1 is not a cancer imaging agent, it showed a significant uptake level in the SV2A+ tumor (NCI-H660: 0.70 ± 0.14 %ID/g at 50–60 min p.i.). The SV2A blockade resulted in a significant reduction of tumor uptake (0.25 ± 0.03 %ID/g, p = 0.025), indicating the desired SV2A imaging specificity. Moreover, the comparative PET imaging study showed that the DU145 tumors could be clearly visualized by 18F-SynVesT-1 but not 68Ga-PSMA-11 nor 68Ga-DOTATATE, further validating the role of SV2A-targeted imaging for noninvasive assessment of NED in PCa. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SV2A, highly expressed in NEPC, can serve as a promising target for noninvasive imaging evaluation of NED.
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12
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Nesari Javan F, Aryana K, Askari E. Prostate Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation Recurring After Treatment With 177Lu-PSMA: A Chance for 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy? Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e480-e482. [PMID: 34028407 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer with NED (neuroendocrine differentiation) may occur in various stages of the disease, which is associated with a poor prognosis and treatment resistance. We present a case of a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostatic cancer, who was treated with 7 cycles of 177Lu-PSMA and a very good response. Although only few foci with PSMA uptake were remained in the last posttreatment images, PSA levels dramatically began to rise. This raised suspicion for NED, and 68Ga-DOTATATE was done showing sufficient uptake to consider a trial of 177Lu-DOTATATE. The patient reported pain response, and PSA levels dropped after 1 cycle of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Nesari Javan
- From the Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Case TC, Merkel A, Ramirez-Solano M, Liu Q, Sterling JA, Jin R. Blocking GRP/GRP-R signaling decreases expression of androgen receptor splice variants and inhibits tumor growth in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101213. [PMID: 34461557 PMCID: PMC8405941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of our study strongly indicate that blocking GRP/GRP-R signaling by targeting GRP-R is sufficient to inhibit ARVs expression. In addition, the combination of blocking GRP/GRP-R signaling (targeting ARVs) and anti-androgens (targeting AR-FL) is a potential new therapeutic approach for treatment of CRPC and therapy-induced tNEPC.
Clinical management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) resulting from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains challenging. Many studies indicate that androgen receptor splice variants (ARVs) play a critical role in the development of CRPC, including resistance to the new generation of inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) action. ARVs are constitutively active and lack the ligand-binding domain (LBD), thereby allowing prostate cancer (PC) to maintain AR activity despite therapies that target the AR (full-length AR; AR-FL). Previously, we have reported that long-term ADT increases the neuroendocrine (NE) hormone – Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRP-R) expression in PC cells. Further, we demonstrated that activation of GRP/GRP-R signaling increases ARVs expression by activating NF-κB signaling, thereby promoting cancer progression to CRPC. Most importantly, as a cell surface protein, GRP-R is easily targeted by drugs to block GRP/GRP-R signaling. In this study, we tested if blocking GRP/GRP-R signaling by targeting GRP-R using GRP-R antagonist is sufficient to control CRPC progression. Our studies show that blocking GRP/GRP-R signaling by targeting GRP-R using RC-3095, a selective GRP-R antagonist, efficiently inhibits NF-κB activity and ARVs (AR-V7) expression in CRPC and therapy-induced NEPC (tNEPC) cells. In addition, blocking of GRP/GRP-R signaling by targeting GRP-R can sensitize CRPC cells to anti-androgen treatment (such as MDV3100). Further, preclinical animal studies indicate combination of GRP-R antagonist (targeting ARVs) with anti-androgen (targeting AR-FL) is sufficient to inhibit CRPC and tNEPC tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Case
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A1329, MCN, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa Merkel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Bone Biology Center, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Department of Cancer Biology, Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Bone Biology Center, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A1329, MCN, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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14
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Jasu J, Tolonen T, Antonarakis ES, Beltran H, Halabi S, Eisenberger MA, Carducci MA, Loriot Y, Van der Eecken K, Lolkema M, Ryan CJ, Taavitsainen S, Gillessen S, Högnäs G, Talvitie T, Taylor RJ, Koskenalho A, Ost P, Murtola TJ, Rinta-Kiikka I, Tammela T, Auvinen A, Kujala P, Smith TJ, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Isaacs WB, Nykter M, Kesseli J, Bova GS. Combined Longitudinal Clinical and Autopsy Phenomic Assessment in Lethal Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Recommendations for Advancing Precision Medicine. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 30:47-62. [PMID: 34337548 PMCID: PMC8317817 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic identification of data essential for outcome prediction in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) would accelerate development of precision oncology. OBJECTIVE To identify novel phenotypes and features associated with mPC outcome, and to identify biomarker and data requirements to be tested in future precision oncology trials. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed deep longitudinal clinical, neuroendocrine expression, and autopsy data of 33 men who died from mPC between 1995 and 2004 (PELICAN33), and related findings to mPC biomarkers reported in the literature. INTERVENTION Thirty-three men prospectively consented to participate in an integrated clinical-molecular rapid autopsy study of mPC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data exploration with correction for multiple testing and survival analysis from the time of diagnosis to time to death and time to first occurrence of severe pain as outcomes were carried out. The effect of seven complications on the modeled probability of dying within 2 yr after presenting with the complication was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Feature exploration revealed novel phenotypes related to mPC outcome. Four complications (pleural effusion, severe anemia, severe or controlled pain, and bone fracture) predict the likelihood of death within 2 yr. Men with Gleason grade group 5 cancers developed severe pain sooner than those with lower-grade tumors. Surprisingly, neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation was frequently observed in the setting of high serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (≥30 ng/ml). In 4/33 patients, no controlled (requiring analgesics) or severe pain was detected, and strikingly, 14/15 metastatic sites studied in these men did not express NE markers, suggesting an inverse relationship between NE differentiation and pain in mPC. Intracranial subdural metastasis is common (36%) and is usually clinically undetected. Categorization of "skeletal-related events" complications used in recent studies likely obscures the understanding of spinal cord compression and fracture. Early death from prostate cancer was identified in a subgroup of men with a low longitudinal PSA bandwidth. Cachexia is common (body mass index <0.89 in 24/31 patients) but limited to the last year of life. Biomarker review identified 30 categories of mPC biomarkers in need of winnowing in future trials. All findings require validation in larger cohorts, preferably alongside data from this study. CONCLUSIONS The study identified novel outcome subgroups for future validation and provides "vision for mPC precision oncology 2020-2050" draft recommendations for future data collection and biomarker studies. PATIENT SUMMARY To better understand variation in metastatic prostate cancer behavior, we assembled and analyzed longitudinal clinical and autopsy records in 33 men. We identified novel outcomes, phenotypes, and aspects of disease burden to be tested and refined in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Jasu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Teemu Tolonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Susan Halabi
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mario A. Eisenberger
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael A. Carducci
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles J. Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biosciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Cancer Science, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Gunilla Högnäs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Timo Talvitie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | | | - Antti Koskenalho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Netwerk, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teemu J. Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Irina Rinta-Kiikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Kujala
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas J. Smith
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Juha Kesseli
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - G. Steven Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
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15
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Pan C, Wu J, Zheng S, Sun H, Fang Y, Huang Z, Shi M, Liang L, Bin J, Liao Y, Chen J, Liao W. Depression accelerates gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing a neuroendocrine phenotype via the catecholamine/β 2 -AR/MACC1 axis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1049-1070. [PMID: 34288568 PMCID: PMC8504143 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a common, easily ignored, accompanied disease of gastric cancer (GC) patients and is often observed with elevated plasma catecholamine levels. Depression frequently promotes GC progression and leads to poor clinical outcomes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying depression‐induced GC progression remain poorly understood. We aimed to study the effects of depression on GC progression and explore possible mechanisms mediating the action of depression‐associated catecholamines on GC. Methods Depression states of GC patients were graded using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and plasma catecholamine levels were examined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Migrative and invasive GC cells were examined using transwell assays, and metastatic GC niches were imaged using bioluminescence technology in a depression mouse model established with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Mouse depression‐like behaviors were assessed through sucrose preference, forced swimming, and tail suspension tests. Characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype were observed via RT‐PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Results Fifty‐one GC patients (age: 53.61 ± 1.79 years; cancer duration: 3.71 ± 0.33 months; depression duration: 2.37 ± 0.38 months; male‐to‐female ratio: 1.55:1) were enrolled in the study. Depression grade was significantly higher in GC patients showing higher plasma levels of catecholamines (epinephrine: P = 0.018; noradrenaline: P = 0.009), higher oncogene metastasis‐associated in colon cancer‐1 (MACC1) level (P = 0.018), and metastasis (P < 0.001). Further, depression‐associated catecholamine specifically bound to the beta‐2 adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) and upregulated MACC1 expression, and thus promoting neuroendocrine phenotypic transformation through direct binding between MACC1 and synaptophysin. Eventually, the neuroendocrine phenotypic transformation accelerated GC invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. However, β2‐AR antagonist ICI‐118,551 or MACC1 silencing effectively blocked the catecholamine‐induced neuroendocrine phenotypic transformation and eliminated depression‐enhanced GC migration and invasion. Moreover, β2‐AR blocking or MACC1 silencing prevented GC metastasis attributed to a neuroendocrine phenotype in a depression mouse model. Conclusions Catecholamine‐induced neuroendocrine phenotypes of GC cells led to depression‐accelerated GC invasion and metastasis via the β2‐AR/MACC1 axis, while β2‐AR antagonist or MACC1 silencing could reverse it, showing promising potential therapeutic strategies for improving the outcome of GC patients with comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqie Pan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Siting Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yisheng Fang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Sout4hern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Sout4hern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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16
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Conteduca V, Brighi N, Conteduca D, Bleve S, Gianni C, Schepisi G, Iaia ML, Gurioli G, Lolli C, De Giorgi U. An update on our ability to monitor castration-resistant prostate cancer dynamics with cell-free DNA. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:631-640. [PMID: 34043486 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1935881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent tumors worldwide. Due to the lack of reliable markers, patients are usually diagnosed at a late stage when it becomes castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with a worse outcome. Thus, it is essential to ameliorate the clinical management of these patients. Nowadays, the use of liquid biopsy represents a minimally invasive way to provide a complete molecular landscape of prostate cancer. Thus, this review aims to outline the clinical value of cell-free DNA in real-time monitoring of metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).Areas covered: This comprehensive review explores in detail the characteristics as well as clinical applications of plasma DNA analysis in mCRPC.Expert opinion: The assessment of circulating tumor DNA fraction is a valid and robust biomarker in mCRPC able to predict clinical outcome and monitor disease evolution during treatment. Recently, several methods (i.e. next generation sequencing and digital droplet PCR) are used to investigate genomics in cell-free DNA and novel nanotechnology-based approaches are currently under evaluation in order to improve clinical management of mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Nicole Brighi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Donato Conteduca
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Sara Bleve
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Caterina Gianni
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Iaia
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Cristian Lolli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
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17
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Sun Y, Jing J, Xu H, Xu L, Hu H, Tang C, Liu S, Wei Q, Duan R, Guo J, Yang L. N-cadherin inhibitor creates a microenvironment that protect TILs from immune checkpoints and Treg cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002138. [PMID: 33692219 PMCID: PMC7949480 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few patients with prostate cancer benefit from current immunotherapies. Therefore, we aimed to explore new strategies to change this paradigm. METHODS Human tissues, cell lines and in vivo experiments were used to determine whether and how N-cadherin impacts the production of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and indole amine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) and whether N-cadherin can increase the production of effector (e)Treg cells. Then, we used PC3-bearing humanized non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency IL2Rγnull (hNSG) mice with an intravenous injection of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells into the tail vein to evaluate whether the N-cadherin antagonist N-Ac-CHAVC-NH2 (designated ADH-1) could improve the therapeutic effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-related treatment. RESULTS N-cadherin dramatically upregulated the expression of PD-L1 and IDO-1 through IFN-γ (interferongamma) signaling and increasing the production of free fatty acids that could promote the generation of eTreg cells. In preclinical experiments, immune reconstitution mediated by TILs slowed tumor growth and extended the survival time; however, this effect disappeared after immune system suppression by PD-L1, IDO-1 and eTreg cells. Furthermore, ADH-1 effectively reduced immunosuppression and enhanced TIL-related therapy. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the N-cadherin antagonist ADH-1 promotes TIL antitumor responses. This important hurdle must be overcome for tumors to respond to immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Cadherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 1/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- PC-3 Cells
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Jing
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cai Tang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengzhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiqi Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Schulte am Esch J, Windmöller BA, Hanewinkel J, Storm J, Förster C, Wilkens L, Krüger M, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C. Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines, Containing a Subpopulation with Potential Stem-Like Properties: Treatment Options by MYC/NMYC Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092582. [PMID: 32927768 PMCID: PMC7564713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of cancer stem cells, which are a small subpopulation of tumor cells with high plasticity driving tumor growth and metastasis. Here we isolated two novel colorectal cancer cell lines originating from a rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma and a colorectal adenocarcinoma, depicting stem-like properties. These in vitro models offer the possibility to evaluate pathophysiological mechanisms in order to develop tailored therapeutic strategies for distinct colorectal malignancies. Investigations revealed gene copy number gain of the N-myc proto-oncogene for both. Accordingly, inhibition of the protein–protein interaction of myc and N-myc proto-oncogenes with the myc-associated factor X utilizing small molecule KJ-Pyr-9, exhibited a significant reduction in survival of both cell lines by the induction of apoptosis. Consequently, the blockage of these interactions may serve as a possible treatment strategy for colorectal cancer cell lines with gene copy number gain of the N-myc proto-oncogene. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSC) are crucial mediators of cancer relapse. Here, we isolated two primary human colorectal cancer cell lines derived from a rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (BKZ-2) and a colorectal adenocarcinoma (BKZ-3), both containing subpopulations with potential stem-like properties. Protein expression of CSC-markers prominin-1 and CD44 antigen was significantly higher for BKZ-2 and BKZ-3 in comparison to well-established colon carcinoma cell lines. High sphere-formation capacity further confirmed the existence of a subpopulation with potential stem-like phenotype. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers as well as immune checkpoint ligands were expressed more pronounced in BKZ-2. Both cell populations demonstrated N-myc proto-oncogene (NMYC) copy number gain. Myc proto-oncogene (MYC)/NMYC activity inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly reduced the number of tumor spheres for both and the volume of BKZ-2 spheres. In contrast, the sphere volume of ATRA-treated BKZ-3 was increased, and only BKZ-2 cell proliferation was reduced in monolayer culture. Treatment with KJ-Pyr-9, a specific inhibitor of MYC/NMYC-myc-associated factor X interaction, decreased survival by the induction of apoptosis of both. In summary, here, we present the novel colorectal cancer cell lines BKZ-2 and BKZ-3 as promising cellular in vitro models for colorectal carcinomas and identify the MYC/NMYC molecular pathway involved in CSC-induced carcinogenesis with relevant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulte am Esch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Beatrice Ariane Windmöller
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-5629
| | - Johannes Hanewinkel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Christine Förster
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
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19
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Szarvas T, Csizmarik A, Fazekas T, Hüttl A, Nyirády P, Hadaschik B, Grünwald V, Püllen L, Jurányi Z, Kocsis Z, Shariat SF, Sevcenco S, Maj-Hes A, Kramer G. Comprehensive analysis of serum chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase levels in localized and castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Int 2020; 127:44-55. [PMID: 32314509 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess chromogranin A (CGA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and changes in these at different stages of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA). METHODS Overall, 1095 serum samples from 395 patients, divided into three treatment groups, were analysed; the radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort (n = 157) included patients with clinically localized PCA, while the docetaxel (DOC) and the abiraterone (ABI)/enzalutamide (ENZA) cohorts included 95 and 143 patients, respectively, with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. CGA, NSE and total PSA levels were measured using the KRYPTOR method. RESULTS Baseline CGA and NSE levels were higher in castration-resistant (DOC and ABI/ENZA cohorts) than in hormone-naïve, clinically localized PCA (P < 0.001). High baseline CGA levels were independently associated with poor overall survival in both the DOC and the ABI/ENZA cohorts, with a stronger association in the ABI/ENZA cohort. In the ABI/ENZA cohort, a > 50% CGA increase at 3 months was associated with poor survival, especially in patients with high baseline CGA levels. CONCLUSIONS The two- to threefold higher neuroendocrine marker levels in castration-resistant compared to hormone-naïve PCA support the presence of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation under androgen deprivation therapy. Our results showed patients with high baseline CGA levels who experienced a further CGA increase during ABI and ENZA treatment had the poorest prognosis. Serum CGA levels could help in tailoring and monitoring therapy in advanced PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anita Csizmarik
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Fazekas
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Hüttl
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Püllen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zsolt Jurányi
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kocsis
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Sabina Sevcenco
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Maj-Hes
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gero Kramer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, An Z, Li W. Molecular Links Between Angiogenesis and Neuroendocrine Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1491. [PMID: 32039001 PMCID: PMC6985539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common therapy for prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective for the majority of patients. However, prolonged ADT promotes drug resistance and progression to an aggressive variant with reduced androgen receptor signaling, so called neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Until present, NEPC is still poorly understood, and lethal with no effective treatments. Elevated expression of neuroendocrine related markers and increased angiogenesis are two prominent phenotypes of NEPC, and both of them are positively associated with cancers progression. However, direct molecular links between the two phenotypes in NEPC and their mechanisms remain largely unclear. Their elucidation should substantially expand our knowledge in NEPC. This knowledge, in turn, would facilitate the development of effective NEPC treatments. We recently showed that a single critical pathway regulates both ADT-enhanced angiogenesis and elevated expression of neuroendocrine markers. This pathway consists of CREB1, EZH2, and TSP1. Here, we seek new insights to identify molecules common to pathways promoting angiogenesis and neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer. To this end, our focus is to summarize the literature on proteins reported to regulate both neuroendocrine marker expression and angiogenesis as potential molecular links. These proteins, often described in separate biological contexts or diseases, include AURKA and AURKB, CHGA, CREB1, EZH2, FOXA2, GRK3, HIF1, IL-6, MYCN, ONECUT2, p53, RET, and RB1. We also present the current efforts in prostate cancer or other diseases to target some of these proteins, which warrants testing for NEPC, given the urgent unmet need in treating this aggressive variant of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Klomjit N, Rowan DJ, Kattah AG, Bancos I, Taler SJ. New-Onset Resistant Hypertension in a Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patient. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:1214-1217. [PMID: 31353410 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New onset resistant hypertension in a previously stable patient with chronic hypertension should lead to consideration of secondary causes. Electrolyte abnormalities are useful clues for identifying some common causes, especially mineralocorticoid excess. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 69-year-old man who developed severe resistant hypertension despite the use of 6 antihypertensive medications, including diuretics. He had metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia with suppressed plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone. Concurrently, he was diagnosed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate gland, a rare form of prostate cancer. Despite absence of typical Cushingoid features, investigation confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome from neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Because of the severity of his hypercortisolism, he underwent urgent bilateral adrenalectomy for hormonal and symptomatic control. Blood pressure improved significantly and he was dismissed with a single antihypertensive agent. Unfortunately, the patient died from his cancer 1 month later. CONCLUSION Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism are usually diagnosed based on measurements of aldosterone and plasma renin activity. However, if plasma renin activity and aldosterone are both low, rare causes of mineralocorticoid excess such as ectopic ACTH syndrome should be entertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawat Klomjit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Rowan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrea G Kattah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sandra J Taler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Conteduca V, Gurioli G, Brighi N, Lolli C, Schepisi G, Casadei C, Burgio SL, Gargiulo S, Ravaglia G, Rossi L, Altavilla A, Farolfi A, Menna C, Colangione SP, Pulvirenti M, Romeo A, De Giorgi U. Plasma Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1719. [PMID: 31689899 PMCID: PMC6896184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of prostate cancer has expanded rapidly over the past 10 years, and there is now an even greater need to understand the biological mechanisms of resistance and to develop noninvasive biomarkers to guide treatment. The androgen receptor (AR) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. Recently, highly sensitive next-generation sequencing and PCR-based methods for analyzing androgen receptor gene (AR) copy numbers (CN) and mutations in plasma were established in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with different drugs. The study of cfDNA holds great promise for improving treatment in CRPC, especially in the advanced stage of the disease. Recent findings showed the significant association of plasma AR aberrations with clinical outcome in CRPC patients treated with AR-directed therapies, whereas no association was observed in patients treated with taxanes. This suggests the potential for using plasma AR as a biomarker for selecting treatment, i.e., hormone therapy or chemotherapy, and the possibility of modulating taxane dose. In recent years, plasma AR status has also been investigated in association with novel agents, such as 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy and PARP inhibitors. This review will focus on AR testing in plasma that may have clinical utility for treatment selection in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Nicole Brighi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Luca Burgio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gargiulo
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Ravaglia
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Lorena Rossi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Amelia Altavilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Sarah Pia Colangione
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Mario Pulvirenti
- Department of Urology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forli, Italy.
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
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23
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Rathke H, Holland-Letz T, Mier W, Flechsig P, Mavriopoulou E, Röhrich M, Kopka K, Hohenfellner M, Giesel FL, Haberkorn U, Kratochwil C. Response Prediction of 177Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy Using Prostate-Specific Antigen, Chromogranin A, and Lactate Dehydrogenase. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:689-695. [PMID: 31653712 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.231431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrinelike transdifferentiation of prostate cancer adenocarcinomas correlates with serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and drives treatment resistance. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether CgA can serve as a response predictor for 177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen 617 (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) in comparison with the established tumor markers. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer scheduled for PSMA RLT were evaluated for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and CgA at baseline and in follow-up of PSMA RLT. Tumor uptake of PSMA ligand, a known predictive marker for response, was assessed as a control variable. Results: From the 100 evaluated patients, 35 had partial remission, 16 stable disease, 15 mixed response, and 36 progression of disease. Tumor uptake above salivary gland uptake translated into partial remission, with an odds ratio (OR) of 60.265 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.038-720.922). Elevated LDH implied a reduced chance for partial remission, with an OR of 0.094 (95% CI, 0.017-0.518), but increased the frequency of progressive disease (OR, 2.717; 95% CI, 1.391-5.304). All patients who achieved partial remission had a normal baseline LDH. Factor-2 elevation of CgA increased the risk for progression, with an OR of 3.089 (95% CI, 1.302-7.332). Baseline PSA had no prognostic value for response prediction. Conclusion: In our cohort, baseline PSA had no prognostic value for response prediction. LDH was the marker with the strongest prognostic value, and elevated LDH increased the risk for progression of disease under PSMA RLT. Elevated CgA demonstrated a moderate impact as a negative prognostic marker in general but was explicitly related to the presence of liver metastases. Well in line with the literature, sufficient tumor uptake is a prerequisite to achieve tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Rathke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Holland-Letz
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Flechsig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Mavriopoulou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Röhrich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Lars Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Lim M, Erdman P, Cho S, Mathew A, Fleisher M, Thoren KL. Evaluation of CisBio ELISA for Chromogranin A Measurement. J Appl Lab Med 2019; 4:11-18. [PMID: 31639703 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2018.028027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogranin A (CgA) is a nonspecific marker for the presence of neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine differentiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the CisBio CgA ELISA. METHODS Precision, linearity, limit of blank, and recovery of the CisBio CgA ELISA were evaluated. Seventy waste serum samples obtained from the clinical laboratory at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were analyzed by the CisBio CgA ELISA. Results were compared to those obtained from a reference laboratory that used a proprietary ELISA for serum CgA measurement. Paired waste plasma samples were also collected from 24 of these patients to assess possible differences between CgA in serum and plasma. Finally, a preliminary reference range study was performed with samples from healthy volunteers in serum (n = 60) and plasma (n = 60). RESULTS Within-run and between-run precision ranged from 3.0% to 5.1% and 4.8% to 12.9%, respectively. The limit of blank was 2.4 ng/mL. Recovery ranged from 88% to 102%. A statistically significant bias was observed when the CisBio CgA assay results were compared to those of a reference laboratory. Comparison of the 2 assays yielded a slope of 9.05, intercept of -18.0, and a correlation coefficient of 0.955. CgA values in serum correlated well to values measured in plasma. CONCLUSIONS The analytical performance of the CisBio CgA ELISA was acceptable. However, CgA results are method-specific owing to lack of standardization and use of different antibodies. This lack of standardization results in several challenges for the clinical laboratory when evaluating a CgA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maili Lim
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick Erdman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sun Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anu Mathew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin Fleisher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katie L Thoren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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25
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Hong P, Guo RQ, Song G, Yang KW, Zhang L, Li XS, Zhang K, Zhou LQ. Prognostic role of chromogranin A in castration-resistant prostate cancer: A meta-analysis. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:561-566. [PMID: 30084431 PMCID: PMC6219310 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_57_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chromogranin A (CgA) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for citations published prior to September 2017 that described CgA and CRPC and performed a standard meta-analysis on survival outcomes. Our meta-analysis included eight eligible studies with 686 patients. The results were as follows: progression-free survival (PFS) was associated with CgA level (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-4.14, P = 0.0006); PFS was relative to CgA change (HR = 9.22, 95% CI: 3.03-28.05, P < 0.0001); and overall survival (OS) was relative to CgA level (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.15-1.87, P = 0.002). When we divided the patients into two groups according to therapy status, the result for OS relative to CgA level was an HR of 1.26 (95% CI: 1.09-1.45, P = 0.001) in the first-line hormonal therapy group, and an HR of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.40-3.89, P = 0.001) in the second-line hormonal therapy or chemotherapy group. This meta-analysis indicated that a high CgA level had a negative influence on OS and PFS in CRPC patients. In addition, CRPC patients with a rising CgA had a shorter PFS. Further studies are needed to verify the prognostic value of CgA in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Run-Qi Guo
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Gang Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Kai-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, National Research Centre for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
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Lolli C, De Lisi D, Conteduca V, Gurioli G, Scarpi E, Schepisi G, Ravaglia G, Menna C, Farolfi A, Altavilla A, Burgio SL, Tonini G, Santini D, De Giorgi U. Testosterone levels and androgen receptor copy number variations in castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. Prostate 2019; 79:1211-1220. [PMID: 31251826 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aims to investigate the association between copy number of the androgen receptor (AR) and testosterone levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with second-generation antiandrogen therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected data from mCRPC treated with abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Serum testosterone levels were collected at baseline, at 3 months since the start of therapy and at disease progression. A cohort of cases treated with docetaxel was also used to evaluate the impact of testosterone levels. RESULTS Patients treated with abiraterone with AR copy number aberrations and basal testosterone levels below 0.09 nmol/L had worse progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients with no AR copy number abnormalities (8.5 vs 2.9 months, P = 0.005). No relevant differences were observed in the enzalutamide group with a PFS of 3.9 months (no AR gain) vs 2.7 months ( AR gain, P = 0.004) for patients with below 0.09 nmol/L testosterone levels. Similar results are obtained for univariate analysis for overall survival (OS). The negative prognostic role of AR copy number gain in OS for both treatment groups (25.5 vs 10.6 months, P = 0.0002 for abiraterone and 14.1 vs 8.3 months, P = 0.031 for enzalutamide) was confirmed, and it was recognized the negative prognostic impact of testosteronemia below 0.09 only for patients treated with enzalutamide (8.8 vs 42.8 months, P = 0.016). On multivariate analysis for patients treated with abiraterone, low testosterone levels below 0.09 and plasma AR gain were significantly associated with worse PFS and OS. These data are confirmed in the enzalutamide group for PFS. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone levels and the AR copy number alterations were considered as independent prognostic factors. The results of this study show that serum testosteronemia associated with changes in copy number of AR gene could represent a noninvasive biomarker useful to identify a subgroup of patients with worse prognosis that can benefit less from second-generation antiandrogen therapies in the mCRPC setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Delia De Lisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory Division, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Division, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ravaglia
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Division, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Amelia Altavilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Salvatore Luca Burgio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Stimulation of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells by GHRH and its blockade by GHRH antagonists. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:746-754. [PMID: 31312936 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in developed countries. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer, in particular, is associated with an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. Neuroendocrine cells produce and secrete peptide hormones and growth factors in a paracrine/autocrine manner which promote the progression of the disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles or exosomes are released by prostate cancer cells, supporting the spread of prostate cancer. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. GHRH induced an increase in the percentage of neurite-bearing cells and in the protein levels of Neuron-Specific Enolase. Both effects were blocked by the GHRH receptor antagonist MIA-690. In addition, pretreatment of these cells with the calcium chelator BAPTA, the EGFR inhibitor AG-1478 or the HER2 inhibitor AG-825 reduced the effect of GHRH, suggesting that the GHRH-induced stimulation of NED involves calcium channel activation and EGFR/HER2 transactivation. Finally, PC3-derived exosomes led to an increase in NED, cell proliferation and cell adhesion. Altogether, these findings suggest that GHRH antagonists should be considered for in the management of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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Chang CL, Hsu SYT. Development of chimeric and bifunctional antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216996. [PMID: 31150417 PMCID: PMC6544337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CGRP, adrenomedullin (ADM), and adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) family peptides are
important neuropeptides and hormones for the regulation of neurotransmission,
vasotone, cardiovascular morphogenesis, vascular integrity, and feto‒placental
development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2 and 3 receptor
complexes. CLR/RAMP1, or CGRP receptor, antagonists have been developed for the
treatment of migraine headache and osteoarthritis pain; whereas CLR/RAMP2, or
ADM receptor, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of tumor
growth/metastasis. Based on the finding that an acylated chimeric ADM/ADM2
analog potently stimulates CLR/RAMP1 and 2 signaling, we hypothesized that the
binding domain of this analog could have potent inhibitory activity on CLR/RAMP
receptors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that acylated truncated
ADM/ADM2 analogs of 27–31 residues exhibit potent antagonistic activity toward
CLR/RAMP1 and 2. On the other hand, nonacylated analogs have minimal activity.
Further truncation at the junctional region of these chimeric analogs led to the
generation of CLR/RAMP1-selective antagonists. A 17-amino-acid analog
(Antagonist 2–4) showed 100-fold selectivity for CLR/RAMP1 and was >100-fold
more potent than the classic CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. In addition, we
showed (1) a lysine residue in the Antagonist 2–4 is important for enhancing the
antagonistic activity, (2) an analog consisted of an ADM sequence motif and a
12-amino-acid binding domain of CGRP exhibits potent CLR/RAMP1-inhibitory
activity, and (3) a chimeric analog consisted of a somatostatin analog and an
ADM antagonist exhibits dual activities on somatostatin and CLR/RAMP receptors.
Because the blockage of CLR/RAMP signaling prevents migraine pain and suppresses
tumor growth/metastasis, further studies of these analogs, which presumably have
better access to the tumor microenvironment and nerve endings at the trigeminal
ganglion and synovial joints as compared to antibody-based therapies, may lead
to the development of better anti-CGRP therapy and alternative antiangiogenesis
therapy. Likewise, the use of bifunctional somatostatin-ADM antagonist analogs
could be a promising strategy for the treatment of high-grade neuroendocrine
tumors by targeting an antiangiogenesis agent to the neuroendocrine tumor
microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
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29
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Guo Z, Wang Y, Xiang S, Wang S, Chan FL. Chromogranin A is a predictor of prognosis in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2747-2758. [PMID: 31114331 PMCID: PMC6497897 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of chromogranin-A (CHGA) as a biomarker of prostate cancer (PCa) has been evaluated extensively. However, to date the results still remain controversial. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis on previous studies in order to determine whether CHGA would be a biomarker for survival in PCa patients. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify eligible studies published before September 2018, regarding the association of CHGA gene expression with survival outcomes in patients with PCa. Multivariate adjusted HRs and associated 95% CIs were calculated using random effects models. Results: Ten cohort studies involving 3,172 patients were finally included. According to the included studies, circulating CHGA levels were tested in serum, plasma, and tissues. The results showed an association between high CHGA expression and worse overall survival (OS) (HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.07-1.44; P=0.004; I 2=77.6%) in PCa patients. However, no significant association was observed between increasing CHGA expression and shorter progression-free survival (HR=1.73, 95% CI: 0.92-3.28; P=0.090; I 2=73.9%). The results of sensitivity analysis validated the rationality and reliability of our analysis. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that high CHGA expression is a potential marker for poor OS in PCa. Future studies are needed to explore tailored treatments that directly target CHGA for the improvement of survival in men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlang Guo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Beyens M, Vandamme T, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. Resistance to targeted treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R109-R130. [PMID: 32022503 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is part of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR signaling. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has a pivotal role in the oncogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) drive angiogenesis in NETs and therefore contributes to neuroendocrine tumor development. Hence, mTOR and angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed. Everolimus, a first-generation mTOR inhibitor, has shown significant survival benefit in advanced gastroenteropancreatic NETs. Sunitinib, a pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the VEGF receptor, has proven to increase progression-free survival in advanced pancreatic NETs. Nevertheless, primary and acquired resistance to rapalogs and sunitinib has limited the clinical benefit for NET patients. Despite the identification of multiple molecular mechanisms of resistance, no predictive biomarker has made it to the clinic. This review is focused on the mTOR signaling and angiogenesis in NET, the molecular mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to everolimus and sunitinib and how to overcome this resistance by alternative drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Beyens
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Vo JN, Cieslik M, Zhang Y, Shukla S, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Wu YM, Dhanasekaran SM, Engelke CG, Cao X, Robinson DR, Nesvizhskii AI, Chinnaiyan AM. The Landscape of Circular RNA in Cancer. Cell 2019; 176:869-881.e13. [PMID: 30735636 PMCID: PMC6601354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1017] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an intriguing class of RNA due to their covalently closed structure, high stability, and implicated roles in gene regulation. Here, we used an exome capture RNA sequencing protocol to detect and characterize circRNAs across >2,000 cancer samples. When compared against Ribo-Zero and RNase R, capture sequencing significantly enhanced the enrichment of circRNAs and preserved accurate circular-to-linear ratios. Using capture sequencing, we built the most comprehensive catalog of circRNA species to date: MiOncoCirc, the first database to be composed primarily of circRNAs directly detected in tumor tissues. Using MiOncoCirc, we identified candidate circRNAs to serve as biomarkers for prostate cancer and were able to detect circRNAs in urine. We further detected a novel class of circular transcripts, termed read-through circRNAs, that involved exons originating from different genes. MiOncoCirc will serve as a valuable resource for the development of circRNAs as diagnostic or therapeutic targets across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh N Vo
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yajia Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Shukla
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, 580011, India
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carl G Engelke
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan R Robinson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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32
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Conteduca V, Scarpi E, Salvi S, Casadio V, Lolli C, Gurioli G, Schepisi G, Wetterskog D, Farolfi A, Menna C, De Lisi D, Burgio SL, Beltran H, Attard G, De Giorgi U. Plasma androgen receptor and serum chromogranin A in advanced prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15442. [PMID: 30337589 PMCID: PMC6194135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mixed forms between adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) have emerged that are characterized by persistent androgen receptor (AR)-signalling and elevated chromogranin A (CgA) levels. The main aim of this study was to analyze castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide, assessing progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) in association with circulating AR and CgA. AR aberrations were analyzed by droplet digital PCR in pre-treatment plasma samples collected from two biomarker protocols [197 patients from a retrospective study (REC 2192/2013) and 59 from a prospective trial (REC 6798/2015)]. We subdivided patients into three groups according to CgA by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In the primary cohort, plasma AR gain and mutations (p.L702H/p.T878A) were detected in 78 (39.6%) and 16 (8.1%) patients, respectively. We observed a significantly worse PFS/OS in patients with higher-CgA than in patients with normal-CgA, especially those with no AR-aberrations. Multivariable analysis showed AR gain, higher-CgA and LDH levels as independent predictors of PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.50-3.12, p < 0.0001, HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.06-2.84, p = 0.026, and HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.45-3.13, p = 0.0001, respectively) and OS (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.15-2.57, p = 0.008, HR = 3.63, 95% CI 2.13-6.20, p < 0.0001, and HR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.54-3.48, p < 0.0001, respectively). These data were confirmed in the secondary cohort. Pre-treatment CgA detection could be useful to identify these mixed tumors and would seem to have a prognostic role, especially in AR-normal patients. This association needs further evaluation in larger prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy.
- The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Casadio
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniel Wetterskog
- The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Delia De Lisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Luca Burgio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gerhardt Attard
- The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Academic Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
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Chen WY, Zeng T, Wen YC, Yeh HL, Jiang KC, Chen WH, Zhang Q, Huang J, Liu YN. Androgen deprivation-induced ZBTB46-PTGS1 signaling promotes neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:35-46. [PMID: 30312731 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) targeting is an important therapeutic strategy for treating prostate cancer. Most tumors progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and develop the neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The molecular basis for NE transdifferentiation after ADT remains incompletely understood. Herein, we show that an immunocyte expression protein, ZBTB46, induces inflammatory response gene expression and contributes to NE differentiation of prostate cancer cells. We demonstrated a molecular mechanism whereby ZBTB46 can be regulated by the androgen-responsive gene, SPDEF, and is associated with NE prostate cancer (NEPC) differentiation. In addition, ZBTB46 acts as a transcriptional coactivator that binds to the promoter of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and transcriptionally regulated PTGS1 levels. Overexpression of ZBTB46 decreases the sensitivity of the combination of enzalutamide and a PTGS1 inhibitor; however, knockdown of ZBTB46 sensitizes the PTGS1 inhibitor and reduces tumor malignancy. ZBTB46 is inversely correlated with SPDEF and is increased in higher tumor grades and small-cell NE prostate cancer (SCNC) patients, which are positively associated with PTGS1. Our findings suggest that the induction of ZBTB46 results in increased PTGS1 expression, which is associated with NEPC progression and linked to the dysregulation of the AR-SPDEF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Chng Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lien Yeh
- Institute of Information System and Applications, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Giridhar KV, Sanhueza C, Hillman DW, Alkhateeb H, Carlson R, Tan W, Costello BA, Quevedo F, Pagliaro L, Kohli M. Serum chromogranin-A-based prognosis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 21:431-437. [PMID: 29858590 PMCID: PMC6126956 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic value of serum chromogranin-A (CGA) in a two-cohort study of men with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and to compare with circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-based prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A two-cohort-based evaluation for serum CGA for prognostication in CRPC stage was performed using a screening cohort of 256 men with mCRPC and an independent validation cohort of 92 men with mCRPC. In both cohorts, men receiving proton pump inhibitors and those with non-castrate levels of testosterone (>50 ng/dl) were excluded. Serum CGA was measured in a homogeneous automated immunofluorescent assay using time-resolved amplified cryptate emission. In the validation cohort, CTC enumeration was also performed using the FDA-cleared CELLSEARCH® CTC test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for prognostic association of serum CGA and CTC counts with overall survival. RESULTS In the screening cohort, 200 men were eligible for analysis. The median serum CGA was 100.3 ng/mL (interquartile range: 67-161.3) and 34/200 were above the reference range. In the subset of men with Gleason scores ≥ 8, elevated CGA was associated with shorter overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 2.19, p = 0.017]. In the validation cohort for 71 men eligible for analysis, the median serum CGA was 90 ng/mL (interquartile range: 55-156) and 31/71 patients had an elevated CGA. 51% of patients had a Gleason score ≥ 8 and 66/71 patients had CTCs enumerated with 26/66 with a CTC count ≥ 5 per 7.5 ml blood sample (unfavorable). Both elevated serum CGA (HR: 1.91, p = 0.043) and unfavorable CTC counts (HR: 2.97, p = 0.0012) were adversely associated with overall survival and patients with ≥ 5 CTCs and elevated serum CGA had the shortest overall survival (HR: 3.76, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Elevated serum CGA was negatively associated with OS in men with mCRPC. Serum CGA represents a prognostic biomarker that may complement CTC enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristobal Sanhueza
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - David W Hillman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Rachel Carlson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Winston Tan
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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68Ga-PSMA-PET: added value and future applications in comparison to the current use of choline-PET and mpMRI in the workup of prostate cancer. Radiol Med 2018; 123:952-965. [PMID: 30116970 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-018-0929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has been commonly and successfully used, in combination with computed tomography (CT) and more recently magnetic resonance (MRI), in the workup of intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Nowadays, new specific receptor targeted PET tracers in prostate cancer imaging have been introduced; one of the most used is 68Ga-PSMA, that evaluates the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). This tracer has been rapidly taken into account for its better sensitivity and specificity compared to lipid metabolism tracers, such as 11C/18F labelled fluorocholine. Besides, in the era of theranostics, this tracer is having a useful application not only for imaging but also for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this review article is, in the first part, to give an overview of the main indications and future development of 68Ga-PSMA imaging, using PET/CT or PET/MRI, according to the clinical course of the disease and in view of the current use of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and choline PET in the management of PCa. In the second part, a brief overview of the promising 18F-labelled PSMA tracers and the current use of PSMA radionuclide therapy will be provided.
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Ishii K, Sasaki T, Iguchi K, Kajiwara S, Kato M, Kanda H, Hirokawa Y, Arima K, Mizokami A, Sugimura Y. Interleukin-6 induces VEGF secretion from prostate cancer cells in a manner independent of androgen receptor activation. Prostate 2018; 78:849-856. [PMID: 29707793 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduced androgen-sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells is an important clinical development because of its association with the cells' progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). During androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), stroma-derived growth factors and cytokines can activate the androgen receptor (AR). For example, IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the malignancy of PCa cells through AR activation. In the present study, we used an androgen-sensitive human PCa cell line (LNCaP) and its sublines to investigate the relationship between the responsiveness of PCa cells to IL-6 treatment and the cellular AR signaling pathway. METHODS The androgen-low-sensitive F10 and E9 cells were obtained from LNCaP cells by limiting dilution method in regular culture condition. In contrast, the androgen-insensitive AIDL cells were established from LNCaP cells by continuous passaging in hormone-depleted condition. Original carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) PCaSC-8 and PCaSC-9 cells were isolated from needle biopsy samples of PCa patients. RESULTS In fibroblasts derived from PCa patients, IL-6 secretion was generally higher than that observed with normal fibroblasts. In contrast, IL-6 secretion was not detected in LNCaP and its sublines. The soluble IL-6 receptor was detected in PCa cells but not in fibroblasts. IL-6 treatment suppressed cell growth of LNCaP, F10, and E9 cells but not AIDL cells and it was accompanied with neuroendocrine-like differentiation. Induction of PSA secretion was observed in IL-6-treated LNCaP and F10 cells. VEGF secretion was strongly induced in IL-6-treated LNCaP and AIDL cells. IL-6-induced VEGF secretion was significantly suppressed by a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and it was accompanied by inhibited phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IL-6 might induce VEGF secretion from PCa cells in a manner independent of AR activation. To prevent IL-6-induced VEGF secretion, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could be an important pharmacological goal regardless of ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Ishii
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Kajiwara
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Manabu Kato
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hirokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Arima
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sugimura
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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欧 艺, 姜 耀, 李 琦, 庄 永, 党 强, 谭 万. [Infiltrating mast cells promote neuroendocrine differentiation and increase docetaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells by up-regulating p21]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:723-730. [PMID: 29997096 PMCID: PMC6765720 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of infiltrating mast cells on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and docetaxel sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro. METHODS Human PCa cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2) were co-cultured with human mast cell line (HMC-1) in Transwell chambers. Androgen receptor (AR) was silenced in C4-2 cells using sh-AR lentivirus, and p21 was knocked down and overexpressed by transfecting C4-2 cells with pLKO.1-sh-p21 and pCMV-p21, respectively. The morphological changes of LNCaP and C4-2 cells were observed. MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to assess the proliferation of LNCaP and C4-2 cells. CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell viability of C4-2 cells following docetaxel trreatment. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of neuroendocrine markers, AR and p21 in the cells. RESULTS Co-culture with HMC-1 cells enhanced the neuroendocrine phenotypes, inhibited the proliferation and up-regulated the expression of p21 in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. P21 positively regulated NED through a non-AR-dependent signaling pathway, while p21 knockdown partially reversed NED promoted by the mast cells. PCa cells co-cultured with HMC-1 cells showed increased resistance to docetaxel, and silencing p21 partially reversed docetaxel resistance in PCa cells. CONCLUSION Infiltrating mast cells up-regulates p21 to promote NED and increase docetaxel resistance in PCa cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- 艺虹 欧
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 耀东 姜
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 琦 李
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 永江 庄
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 强 党
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 万龙 谭
- />南方医科大学南方医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510515Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Nevedomskaya E, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051359. [PMID: 29734647 PMCID: PMC5983695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs, drug sequences and combinations have improved the outcome of prostate cancer in recent years. The latest approvals include abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide which target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, radium-223 dichloride for reduction of bone metastases, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Adding abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in order to achieve complete androgen blockade has proven highly beneficial for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Also, ADT together with docetaxel treatment showed significant benefit in mHSPC. Ongoing clinical trials for different subgroups of prostate cancer patients include the evaluation of the second-generation AR antagonists enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, of inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, of inhibitors of DNA damage response, of targeted alpha therapy and of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting approaches. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited benefits in prostate cancer and more trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy. The identification of improved, personalized treatments will be much supported by the major progress recently made in the molecular characterization of early- and late-stage prostate cancer using “omics” technologies. This has already led to novel classifications of prostate tumors based on gene expression profiles and mutation status, and should greatly help in the choice of novel targeted therapies best tailored to the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Sainio M, Visakorpi T, Tolonen T, Ilvesaro J, Bova GS. Expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers in lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:848-856. [PMID: 29728311 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is a common phenomenon in prostate cancer, and it has been associated with poor prognosis in some studies of primary prostate cancer. Incidence and patterns of NED in metastatic prostate cancer sites have not been examined widely. In this study, we studied expression of three commonly used markers of NED (chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin) in 89 metastases from 31 men that died of castration-resistant prostate cancer and underwent rapid autopsy, and in 89 hormone-naïve primary tumors removed by radical prostatectomy. In addition, we examined NED association with androgen receptor, ERG and Ki-67 expression in metastatic tumor sites. Morphologically, 1 of 31 cases was classified as small cell carcinoma, and the remaining 30 were classified as usual prostate adenocarcinoma using a recently proposed classification of prostate cancers with NED. Metastases showed more expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin compared to prostatectomies (6.3% of cells vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001 and 4.0% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001, respectively). At least focal expression of one of the markers was seen in 78% of metastases. Strong expression was relatively uncommon, seen in 3/89 (chromogranin A), 8/89 (neuron specific enolase), and 5/89 (synaptophysin) metastases. Expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin correlated with each other (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), but expression of neuron specific enolase did not correlate with the two other markers. Extent of NED varied significantly between different metastatic sites in individual patients. Absent androgen receptor expression was associated with strong expression of chromogranin A (p = .02) and neuron specific enolase (p = .02), but not with focal expression of any marker. No clear association was found between expression of NE markers and ERG or Ki-67. In conclusion, NED is a common and heterogeneous phenomenon in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. NED is more often present in castration-resistant prostate cancer compared to hormone-naïve disease, and it is associated with androgen receptor negativity. More research is needed to understand significance of NED in the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Sainio
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.
| | - Teemu Tolonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Joanna Ilvesaro
- Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - G Steven Bova
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.
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Jung Y, Cackowski FC, Yumoto K, Decker AM, Wang J, Kim JK, Lee E, Wang Y, Chung JS, Gursky AM, Krebsbach PH, Pienta KJ, Morgan TM, Taichman RS. CXCL12γ Promotes Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by Inducing Cancer Stem Cell and Neuroendocrine Phenotypes. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2026-2039. [PMID: 29431639 PMCID: PMC6324566 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that cancer stem-like cells (CSC) and neuroendocrine behavior play critical roles in the pathogenesis and clinical course of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (m-CRPC). However, there is limited mechanistic understanding of how CSC and neuroendocrine phenotypes impact the development of m-CRPC. In this study, we explored the role of the intracellular chemokine CXCL12γ in CSC induction and neuroendocrine differentiation and its impact on m-CRPC. CXCL12γ expression was detected in small-cell carcinoma of metastatic tissues and circulating tumor cells from m-CRPC patients and in prostate cancer cells displaying an neuroendocrine phenotype. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that overexpression of CXCL12γ induced CSC and neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer cells through CXCR4-mediated PKCα/NFκB signaling, which promoted prostate tumor outgrowth, metastasis, and chemoresistance in vivo Together, our results establish a significant function for CXCL12γ in m-CRPC development and suggest it as a candidate therapeutic target to control aggressive disease.Significance: Expression of CXCL12γ induces the expression of a cancer stem cell and neuroendocrine phenotypes, resulting in the development of aggressive m-CRPC. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2026-39. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Section of Periodontics, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunsohl Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jae-Seung Chung
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Urology, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Amy M Gursky
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Section of Periodontics, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) patients are risk-stratified on the basis of clinical stage and PSA level at diagnosis and the Gleason Score (GS) in prostate biopsy. However, these parameters are not completely accurate in discriminating between high- and low-risk disease, creating a need for a reliable marker to determine aggressiveness. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) appears to fulfill this need. We analyzed 79 prostate biopsies and 28 prostatectomies to assess whether PSMA expression detected by immunohistochemistry is related to GS. PSMA expression was correlated with GS in both sample types (biopsies, P < 0.0001 and prostatectomy samples, P = 0.007). We observed lower PSMA expression in Gleason pattern 3 than Gleason pattern 4, suggesting that this biomarker could be useful to distinguish between these entities (p < 0.0001). The best cut-off value of 45% immunopositivity was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In Gleason pattern 3 vs. Gleason pattern 4 and 5, PSMA sensitivity was 84.1% (95% CI 76.5%-91.7%) and specificity was 95.2% (95% CI 90.6%-99.8%), with an area under the curve of 93.1 (95% CI 88.8-97.4). Our results suggest that PSMA represents a potential ally for the pathologist in the diagnostic work-up of PCa to overcome long-standing morphological classification limits.
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Conteduca V, Caffo O, Galli L, Maugeri A, Scarpi E, Maines F, Chiuri VE, Lolli C, Kinspergher S, Schepisi G, Santoni M, Santini D, Fratino L, Burgio SL, Salvi S, Menna C, De Giorgi U. Association among metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and survival in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:240.e1-240.e11. [PMID: 29402534 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) and inflammation (INF) alterations are among the factors involved in cancer progression. The study aimed to assess the relationship between MS and INF and its effect on progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treaed with abiraterone or enzalutamide. METHODS We, retrospectively, evaluated patients with mCRPC in 7 Italian Institutes between March 2011 and October 2016. MS was defined by modified adult treatment panel-III criteria. INF was characterized by at least one of these criteria: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ≥ 3, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein. RESULTS Eighty-three of 551 (15.1%) patients met MS criteria at baseline and 34 (6.2%) during treatment. MS patients (MS+) presented a greater INF profile compared to MS- (P<0.0001). Median PFS was 3.7 for MS+ vs. 8.7 months for MS- (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.77; 95% CI: 2.12-3.61; P<0.0001). Median OS was 6.9 and 19 months in MS+ and MS-, respectively (HR = 3.43; 95% CI: 2.56-4.58; P<0.0001). We also demonstrated INF led to shorter PFS and OS (4.5 vs. 8.5 months, HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90, P = 0.002, and 11.2 vs. 18.8 months, HR =1.66, 95% CI: 1.26-2.18, P = 0.0003, respectively). The combination of MS with INF provided the identification of high-risk prognostic group (MS+/INF+ vs. MS-/INF-) with worse PFS (3.7 vs. 9 months, HR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.88-3.89, P<0.0001) and OS (6.3 vs. 20.4 months, HR = 4.04, 95% CI: 2.75-5.93, P<0.0001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that MS was independently associated with PFS (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.03-4.18; P = 0.041) and OS (HR = 4.87; 95% CI: 2.36-10.03; P<0.0001). The absence of INF as an independent predictor of survival underlined the correlation between MS/INF. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment identification of MS and INF alterations might represent an available and easy tool for better prognostication of patients with mCRPC. A prospective evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Medical Oncology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Maugeri
- Oncology Pharmacy Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesca Maines
- Medical Oncology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Cristian Lolli
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fratino
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Luca Burgio
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Lin TP, Chang YT, Lee SY, Campbell M, Wang TC, Shen SH, Chung HJ, Chang YH, Chiu AW, Pan CC, Lin CH, Chu CY, Kung HJ, Cheng CY, Chang PC. REST reduction is essential for hypoxia-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells by activating autophagy signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26137-51. [PMID: 27034167 PMCID: PMC5041970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is tightly associated with hormone refractory PCa (HRPC), an aggressive form of cancer that is nearly impossible to treat. Determining the mechanism of the development of NED may yield novel therapeutic strategies for HRPC. Here, we first demonstrate that repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes that has been implicated in androgen-deprivation and IL-6 induced NED, is essential for hypoxia-induced NED of PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome profiles of REST knockdown during hypoxia treatment demonstrated that REST is a master regulator of hypoxia-induced genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of hypoxia and REST knockdown co-upregulated genes revealed their correlation with HRPC. Consistently, gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that REST reduction potential associated with hypoxia-induced tumorigenesis, NE development, and AMPK pathway activation. Emerging reports have revealed that AMPK activation is a potential mechanism for hypoxia-induced autophagy. In line with this, we demonstrate that REST knockdown alone is capable of activating AMPK and autophagy activation is essential for hypoxia-induced NED of PCa cells. Here, making using of in vitro cell-based assay for NED, we reveal a new role for the transcriptional repressor REST in hypoxia-induced NED and characterized a sequential molecular mechanism downstream of REST resulting in AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy activation, which may be a common signaling pathway leading to NED of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ping Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sung-Yuan Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mel Campbell
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tien-Chiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Huei Shen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Jen Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Allen W Chiu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ying Chu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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44
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Ye Y, Long X, Zhang L, Chen J, Liu P, Li H, Wei F, Yu W, Ren X, Yu J. NTS/NTR1 co-expression enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70303-70322. [PMID: 27611941 PMCID: PMC5342554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a neuropeptide distributed in central nervous and digestive systems. In this study, the significant association between ectopic NTS expression and tumor invasion was confirmed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In primary HCC tissues, the NTS and neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) co-expression (NTS+NTR1+) is a poor prognostic factor correlated with aggressive biological behaviors and poor clinical prognosis. Enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, including decreased E-cadherin, increased β-catenin translocation and N-cadherin expression, were identified in NTS+NTR1+ HCC tissues. Varied NTS-responsible HCC cell lines were established using NTR1 genetically modified Hep3B and HepG2 cells which were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating NTS-induced EMT and tumor invasion in vitro. Results revealed that inducing exogenous NTS stimulation and enhancing NTR1 expression promoted tumor invasion rather than proliferation by accelerating EMT in HCC cells. The NTS-induced EMT was correlated with the remarkable increase in Wnt1, Wnt3, Wnt5, Axin, and p-GSK3β expression and was significantly reversed by blocking the NTS signaling via the NTR1 antagonist SR48692 or by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via specific inhibitors, such as TSW119 and DKK-1. SR48692 also inhibited the metastases of NTR1-overexpressing HCC xenografts in the lungs in vivo. This finding implied that NTS may be an important stimulus to promote HCC invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and NTS signaling enhanced the tumor EMT and invasion potentials by activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, NTS may be a valuable therapeutic target to prevent tumor progression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Long
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
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45
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Sang M, Hulsurkar M, Zhang X, Song H, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Li M, Xu J, Zhang S, Ittmann M, Li W. GRK3 is a direct target of CREB activation and regulates neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45171-45185. [PMID: 27191986 PMCID: PMC5216714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer that commonly arises through neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) after therapy, such as radiation therapy and androgen deprivation treatment (ADT). No effective therapeutic is available for NEPC and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We have reported that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3, also called ADRBK2) promotes prostate cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate that the ADT-activated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) directly targets and induces GRK3. We show GRK3 expression is higher in NEPC than in PAC cells and mouse models, and it positively correlates with the expression and activity of CREB in human prostate cancers. Notably, overexpression of GRK3 in PAC cells increased the expression of NE markers in a kinase activity dependent manner. Conversely, silencing GRK3 blocked CREB-induced NED in PAC cells, reversed NE phenotypes and inhibited proliferation of NEPC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that GRK3 is a new critical activator of NE phenotypes and mediator of CREB activation in promoting NED of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Sang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mohit Hulsurkar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochong Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiping Song
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Breast and Thyroid surgery center, The Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,The Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Memorial Herman Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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46
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Wang Y, Shao N, Mao X, Zhu M, Fan W, Shen Z, Xiao R, Wang C, Bao W, Xu X, Yang C, Dong J, Yu D, Wu Y, Zhu C, Wen L, Lu X, Lu YJ, Feng N. MiR-4638-5p inhibits castration resistance of prostate cancer through repressing Kidins220 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47444-47464. [PMID: 27329728 PMCID: PMC5216953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, conserved segments of non-coding RNA which play a significant role in prostate cancer development and progression. To identify miRNAs associated with castration resistance, we performed miRNA microarray analysis comparing castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). We identified common underexpression of miR-4638-5p in CRPC compared to ADPC samples, which were further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis. The role of miR-4638-5p in prostate cancer androgen-independent growth has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. We also identified Kidins220 as a target gene directly regulated by miR-4638-5p and shRNA-mediated knockdown of Kidins220 phenocopied miR-4638-5p restoration. Subsequently, we revealed that Kidins220 activates PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a key role in CRPC. Loss of miR- 4638-5p may lead to CRPC through the activity of Kidins220 and PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, we found that miR-4638-5p, through regulating Kidins220 and the downstream activity of VEGF and PI3K/AKT pathway, influences prostate cancer progression via angiogenesis. The identification of miR-4638-5p down-regulation in CRPC and the understanding of the functional role of miR-4638-5p and its downstream genes/pathways have the potential to develop biomarkers for CRPC onset and to identify novel targets for novel forms of treatments of this lethal form of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weifei Fan
- Jiangsu Province Geriatric Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Shen
- Jiangsu Province Geriatric Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuncai Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenping Bao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liting Wen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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47
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Lee E, Wang J, Jung Y, Cackowski FC, Taichman RS. Reduction of two histone marks, H3k9me3 and H3k27me3 by epidrug induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3697-3705. [PMID: 29236331 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NE PCa) is an aggressive malignancy, often presenting with advanced metastasis. We previously reported that reduction of histone marks regulated by DNMT1 following epidrug (5-Azacitidine, 5-Aza) treatment controls induction of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) and a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, which facilitates tumorigenesis in PCa cells. Here, we use the epidrug 5-Aza as a model for how histone marks may regulate the reprogramming of prostate adenocarcinoma into NE phenotypic cells. First, we observed that 5-Aza treatment of PCa cells in vitro induces a neuron-like phenotype. In addition, significant increases in the expression of the NE markers N-Myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), enolase-2 (ENO2), and synaptophysin were observed. Critically, a high density of NE cells with synaptophysin expression was found in tumors generated by 5-Aza pretreatment of PCa cells. Importantly, induction of NE differentiation of PCa cells was associated with an enhancement of NDRG1 expression by reduction of two histone marks, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Further, more NDRG1 expression was detected in the subset of PCa cells with reduced expression of H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 in the tumors generated by 5-Aza pretreated PCa cells and critically, these biological differences are also observed in small cell carcinoma in advanced stage of human primary PCa tumors. Our results suggest that reduction of histone marks regulated by the epidrug 5-Aza may control induction of a NE phenotype, which facilitates PCa progression. These studies suggest a strong rationale for developing therapeutics, which target epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsohl Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor,, Michigan
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor,, Michigan
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor,, Michigan
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor,, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor,, Michigan
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48
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Neuroendocrine-like cells -derived CXCL10 and CXCL11 induce the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophage leading to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27394-407. [PMID: 27034164 PMCID: PMC5053658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer is one of the important factors leading to worse prognosis. In this study, we apply immunohistochemical staining, Western-blot, RT-PCR and ELISA to investigate the underlying mechanism that how the neuroendocrine differentiation to affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer. The interaction of colorectal cancer cells, neuroendocrine-like cells and tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer progress is also investigated. By analyzing 82 cases of colorectal cancer patients treated in our institution, we found that colorectal adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation had increasing number of tumor-associated macrophages and worse prognosis. Further evaluation of cytology showed that neuroendocrine cells have the ability to recruit tumor-associated macrophages to infiltrate the tumor tissue, and the tumor-associated macrophages enhance the proliferation and invasion abilities of the colon cancer cells. Moreover, we confirmed that CXCL10 and CXCL11 are the key chemokines in neuroendocrine-like cells and they promote the chemotaxis activity of tumor-associated macrophages. The secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by neuroendocrine-like cells can recruit tumor-associated macrophages to infiltrate in tumor tissues. The latter enhances the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cell and lead to poor prognosis.
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49
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Schepisi G, Farolfi A, Conteduca V, Martignano F, De Lisi D, Ravaglia G, Rossi L, Menna C, Bellia SR, Barone D, Gunelli R, De Giorgi U. Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Where We Are Headed. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2627. [PMID: 29206214 PMCID: PMC5751230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in men worldwide, and is the fifth cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, a new generation of therapies have been approved for the management of metastatic disease. Moreover, the development of new immunotherapeutic drugs has become a novel frontier for the treatment of several tumor types; to date, numerous studies have investigated their potential activity, including in prostate cancer. In this article, we discuss the role of emerging immunotherapeutic drugs in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Filippo Martignano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Delia De Lisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Ravaglia
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Lorena Rossi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Roberto Bellia
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Domenico Barone
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Roberta Gunelli
- Urology Unit, Forlì Hospital, Romagna Local Health Service, 47100 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
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50
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Circulating androgen receptor combined with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT metabolic activity and outcome to androgen receptor signalling-directed therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15541. [PMID: 29138500 PMCID: PMC5686214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between choline uptake and androgen receptor (AR) expression is suggested by the upregulation of choline kinase-alpha in prostate cancer. Recently, detection of AR aberration in cell-free DNA as well as early 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) were associated with outcome in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide. We aimed to make a direct comparison between circulating AR copy number (CN) and choline uptake at FCH-PET/CT. We analysed 80 mCRPC patients progressing after docetaxel treated with abiraterone (n = 47) or enzalutamide (n = 33). We analysed AR CN from plasma samples using digital PCR and Taqman CN assays and total lesion activity (TLA) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) on FCH-PET/CT at baseline. A meaningful correlation was showed among AR gain and TLA/MTV compared to AR non-gained cases (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively), independently from type of treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that AR CN and only TLA were associated with both shorter PFS (P < 0.0009 and P = 0.026, respectively) and OS (P < 0.031 and P = 0.039, respectively). AR gain appeared significantly correlated with choline uptake represented mainly by TLA. Further prospective studies are warranted to better address this pathway of AR-signalling and to identify multiplex biomarker strategies including plasma AR and FCH-PET/CT in mCRPC patients.
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