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Sánchez M, Laca A, Laca A, Díaz M. Towards food circular economy: hydrothermal treatment of mixed vegetable and fruit wastes to obtain fermentable sugars and bioactive compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:3901-3917. [PMID: 35962165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to processing activity, fruits and vegetables generate notable amounts of wastes at the processing, retail, and consumption level. Following the European goals for reducing food wastes and achieving a circular economy of resources, these biowastes should be valorized. In this work, hydrothermal hydrolysis at different conditions (temperatures, times, waste/water ratio, pH values) were tested to treat for first time; biowastes composed of mixed overripe fruits or vegetables to maximize the extraction of fermentable sugars that can be used as substrates in bioprocesses. Experimental data were fitted by a model based on irreversible first-order reactions, and kinetic constants were obtained. When hydrolysis of fruit wastes was carried out at 135 °C and pH 5 during 40 min, more than 40 g of reducing sugars per 100 g of waste (dry weight) could be obtained (represents an extraction of 97% of total carbohydrates). Concentrations of inhibitor compounds (HMF, furfural, acetic acid) in the hydrolysates were very low and, as example, a fermentation to obtain bioethanol was successfully carried out with an efficiency above 95%. Additionally, the production by hydrothermal treatment of bioactive compounds was investigated and the best results obtained were 92% DPPH inhibition and 12 mg GAE/g (dry weight) for antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, respectively. These values are similar or even higher than those reported in literature using specific parts of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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Strategies for Improvement of Lipid Production by Yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus from Lignocellulosic Biomass. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110934. [PMID: 34829221 PMCID: PMC8617694 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipids have similar fatty acid composition to plant oils, and therefore, are considered as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. Oleaginous yeasts accumulate considerable amounts of lipids intracellularly during growth on low-cost renewable feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we cultivated yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus on hydrolysate of alkaline pretreated corn cobs. Different process configurations were evaluated and compared, including separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with cellulase recycle and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) in batch and fed-batch mode. At low enzyme loading, the highest lipid concentration of 26.74 g L−1 was reached in fed-batch SSF fed with 2.5% (g g−1) substrate. Batch SHF was conducted for four rounds with recycling the cellulase adsorbed on unhydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass. Thirty percent of cellulase saving was achieved for rounds 2–4 without compromising productivity and lipid yield. The addition of Tween 80 to lignocellulosic slurry improved the hydrolysis rate of structural carbohydrates in pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, supplementing the growth medium with Tween 80 improved lipid yield and productivity without affecting yeast growth. Oleaginous yeast T. oleaginosus is a promising strain for the sustainable and efficient production of lipids from renewable lignocellulosic feedstock.
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Zhang KH, Shi CF, Chai CY, Hui FL. Mrakia panshiensis sp. nov. a new member of the Cystofilobasidiales from soil in China, and description of the teleomorphic-stage of M. arctica. MycoKeys 2020; 74:75-90. [PMID: 33173405 PMCID: PMC7591554 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.74.53433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a study on the fungal diversity in Northeast China, twelve yeast isolates were obtained from soils collected in three provinces, Helongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. Morphological assessment and phylogenetic analyses of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of the nuc 28S rDNA (nuc 28S) gene of the 12 cultures placed them in the genus Mrakia, namely Mrakiaaquatica, Mrakiaarctica, Mrakiafrigida, Mrakiagelida and Mrakiarobertii. A total of three isolates represented a hitherto undescribed species, which is described here as M.panshiensissp. nov. (MB 834813). The species M.panshiensissp. nov. shares several morphological characters with M.niccombsii, M.aquatica, M.fibulata and M.hoshinonis. These species can be distinguished based on physiological traits and pairwise rDNA sequence similarities. The study also describes for the first time the formation of teliospores by previously described M.arctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Nanyang Normal University Nanyang China
| | - Cheng-Feng Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Nanyang Normal University Nanyang China
| | - Chun-Yue Chai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Nanyang Normal University Nanyang China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Nanyang Normal University Nanyang China
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Turchetti B, Sannino C, Mezzasoma A, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Buzzini P. Mrakia stelviica sp. nov. and Mrakia montana sp. nov., two novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from cold environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4704-4713. [PMID: 32697190 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Five yeast strains were isolated from soil and sediments collected from Alps and Apennines glaciers during sampling campaigns carried out in summer 2007 and 2017, respectively. Based on morphological and physiological tests and on phylogenetic analyses reconstructed with ITS and D1/D2 sequences, the five strains were considered to belong to two related but hitherto unknown species within the genus Mrakia, in an intermediate position between Mrakia cryoconiti and Mrakia arctica. The names Mrakia stelviica (holotype DBVPG 10734T) and Mrakia montana (holotype DBVPG 10736T) are proposed for the two novel species and a detailed description of their morphological, physiological and phylogenetic features are presented. Both species fermented glucose, sucrose and trehalose, which is an uncommon feature in basidiomycetous yeasts, and showed septate hyphae with teliospore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ambra Mezzasoma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Yurkov AM, Sannino C, Turchetti B. Mrakia fibulata sp. nov., a psychrotolerant yeast from temperate and cold habitats. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:499-510. [PMID: 31754948 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tree fluxes are sugar-rich, sometimes ephemeral, substrates occurring on sites where tree sap (xylem or phloem) is leaking through damages of tree bark. Tree sap infested with microorganisms has been the source of isolation of many species, including the biotechnologically relevant carotenoid yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. Tree fluxes recently sampled in Germany yielded 19 species, including several psychrophilic yeasts of the genus Mrakia. Four strains from tree fluxes represented a potential novel Mrakia species previously known from two isolates from superficial glacial melting water of Calderone Glacier (Italy). The Italian isolates, originally identified as Mrakia aquatica, and two strains from Germany did not show any sexual structures. But another culture collected in Germany produced clamped hyphae with teliospores. A detailed examination of the five isolates (three from Germany and two from Italy) proved them to be a novel yeast species, which is described in this manuscript as Mrakia fibulata sp. nov. (MB 830398), holotype DSM 103931 and isotype DBVPG 8059. In contrast to other sexually reproducing Mrakia species, M. fibulata produces true hyphae with clamp connections. Also, this is the first psychrotolerant Mrakia species which grows above 20 °C. Spring tree fluxes are widespread and can be recognized and sampled by amateurs in a Citizen Science project. This substrate is a prominent source of yeasts, and may harbor unknown species, as demonstrated in the present work. The description of Mrakia fibulata is dedicated to our volunteer helpers and amateurs, like Anna Yurkova (9-years-old daughter of Andrey Yurkov), who collected the sample which yielded the type strain of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - C Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Dhume GM, Maharana AK, Tsuji M, Srivastava AK, Singh SM. Cold-tolerant endoglucanase producing ability ofMrakia robertiiA2-3 isolated from cryoconites, Hamtha glacier, Himalaya. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:667-679. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gandhali M. Dhume
- Department of Microbiology; Goa University; Taleigao Plateau Goa India
| | - Abhas K. Maharana
- Polar Biology Laboratory; National Centre for Polar & Ocean Research; Vasco-da-Gama Goa India
| | - Masaharu Tsuji
- Bioscience Group; National Institute of Polar Research; Tachikawa-shi Tokyo Japan
| | - Alok K. Srivastava
- Mycology & Plant Pathology Division; National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM); Kushmaur Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shiv M. Singh
- Polar Biology Laboratory; National Centre for Polar & Ocean Research; Vasco-da-Gama Goa India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
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Malik AD, Furtado IJ. Haloferax sulfurifontis GUMFAZ2 producing xylanase-free cellulase retrieved from Haliclona sp. inhabiting rocky shore of Anjuna, Goa-India. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:692-700. [PMID: 30980726 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Salt stable cellulases are implicated in detritic food webs of marine invertebrates for their role in the degradation of cellulosic material. A haloarchaeon, Haloferax sulfurifontis GUMFAZ2 producing cellulase was successfully isolated from marine Haliclona sp., a sponge inhabiting the rocky intertidal region of Anjuna, Goa. The culture produced extracellular xylanase-free cellulase with a maximum activity of 11.7 U/ml, using carboxymethylcellulose-Na (CMC-Na), as a sole source of carbon in 3.5 M NaCl containing medium, pH 7 at 40°C and produced cellobiose and glucose, detectable by thin-layer chromatography. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the crude enzyme, revealed a single protein band of 19.6 kDa which on zymographic analysis exhibited cellulase activity while corresponding sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a molecular weight of 46 kDa. Unlike conventional cellulases, this enzyme is active in presence of 5 M NaCl and does not have accompanying xylanase activity, hence can be considered as xylanase-free cellulase. Such enzymes from haloarchaea offer great potential for biotechnological application because of their stability at high salinity and is therefore worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D Malik
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India
| | - Irene J Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India
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Tsuji M. Cold-stress responses in the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160106. [PMID: 27493768 PMCID: PMC4968460 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbes growing at subzero temperatures encounter numerous growth constraints. However, fungi that inhabit cold environments can grow and decompose organic compounds under subzero temperatures. Thus, understanding the cold-adaptation strategies of fungi under extreme environments is critical for elucidating polar-region ecosystems. Here, I report that two strains of the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis exhibited distinct growth characteristics under subzero conditions: SK-4 grew efficiently, whereas TKG1-2 did not. I analysed the metabolite responses elicited by cold stress in these two M. blollopis strains by using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. M. blollopis SK-4, which grew well under subzero temperatures, accumulated high levels of TCA-cycle metabolites, lactic acid, aromatic amino acids and polyamines in response to cold shock. Polyamines are recognized to function in cell-growth and developmental processes, and aromatic amino acids are also known to improve cell growth at low temperatures. By contrast, in TKG1-2, which did not grow efficiently, cold stress strongly induced the metabolites of the TCA cycle, but other metabolites were not highly accumulated in the cell. Thus, these differences in metabolite responses could contribute to the distinct abilities of SK-4 and TKG1-2 cells to grow under subzero temperature conditions.
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Tsuji M, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Ethanol productivity of cryophilic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia spp. correlates with ethanol tolerance. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Singh SM, Tsuji M, Gawas-Sakhalker P, Loonen MJJE, Hoshino T. Bird feather fungi from Svalbard Arctic. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Draft Genome Sequence of Cryophilic Basidiomycetous Yeast Mrakia blollopis SK-4, Isolated from an Algal Mat of Naga-ike Lake in the Skarvsnes Ice-Free Area, East Antarctica. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01454-14. [PMID: 25614567 PMCID: PMC4319581 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01454-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mrakia blollopis strain SK-4 was isolated from an algal mat of Naga-ike, a lake in Skarvsnes, East Antarctica. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of M. blollopis SK-4. This is the first report on the genome sequence of any cold-adapted fungal species.
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Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Improvement of direct ethanol fermentation from woody biomasses by the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast, Mrakia blollopis, under a low temperature condition. Cryobiology 2014; 68:303-5. [PMID: 24389109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis SK-4 can quite uniquely ferment various sugars under low temperature conditions. When strain SK-4 fermented lignocellulosic biomass using the direct ethanol fermentation (DEF) technique, approximately 30% to 65% of the theoretical ethanol yield was obtained without and with the addition of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80, respectively. Therefore, DEF from lignocellulosic biomass with M. blollopis SK-4 requires the addition of a non-ionic surfactant to improve fermentation efficiency. DEF with lipase converted Eucalyptus and Japanese cedar to 12.6g/l, and 14.6g/l ethanol, respectively. In the presence of 1% (v/v) Tween 80 and 5U/g-dry substrate lipase, ethanol concentration increased about 1.4- to 2.4-fold compared to that without Tween 80 and lipase. We therefore consider that the combination of M. blollopis SK-4 and DEF with Tween 80 and lipase has good potential for ethanol fermentation in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tsuji
- Biomass Refinery Research Center (BRRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan.
| | - Yuji Yokota
- Bio-production Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Biomass Refinery Research Center (BRRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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Influence of initial pH on ethanol production by the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:2483-5. [PMID: 24317050 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis SK-4 fermented ethanol between pH 5.0 and pH 10.0 with optimum pH at 8.0-10.0. Knowledge of ethanol fermentability as to the genus Mrakia remains incomplete. Further experiments are required to elucidate the ethanol fermentability of genus e.g., as to optimum fermentation pH, optimum fermentation temperature, and cell viability during fermentation.
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