Cryopreservation of herbaceous Asteraceae seeds: Effects of seed reserves on seed germination and seedling regrowth

Identification of functional pathways and hub genes associated with the heterochronic development of sugarcane axillary buds and sett roots through multi-omics analysis

Introduction

Sugarcane is primarily propagated for large-scale agricultural production through vegetative reproduction by planting stem cuttings. Development of sprout and sett root from the cuttings is essential for sugarcane plant to adapt to the field environment. We observed asynchronous development during the sprouting of stem cuttings in two sibling sugarcane cultivars sharing the same parent in cross breeding: the axillary buds of cultivar ZZ2 (ZZ2B) sprout earlier, while the sett roots of ZZ9 (ZZ9R) emerge sooner.

Methods

Comparison of the sett root architecture, soluble sugar content, plant hormone levels and gene expression profiles during sprouting.

Results

We found that ZZ9 has a lower root cortex thickness ratio and a higher vascular cylinder thickness ratio. We also identified significant differences in the levels of soluble sugars, 3-Indolebutyric acid (IBA), N6-isopentenyladenosine (IPA), cis-Zeatin (cZ), Abscisic Acid (ABA), Gibberellin A3 (GA3), Gibberellin A7 (GA7), (±)-Jasmonic acid (JA), and N-((-)-jasmonoyl)-Sisoleucine (JA-Ile) between these cultivars. cuttings. In addition, we identified differentially expressed genes through transcriptomic analysis and discovered, via GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, that negative regulation of external stimulus response is a key to the preference of ZZ2 for early bud sprouting. The Twin-arginine translocation complex (Tat) significantly influences the preference of ZZ9's root emergence. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that specific metabolic processes in seed coat mucilage uniquely determine the asynchronous development of sett roots and axillary buds.

Discussion

These findings provide a theoretical foundation and new perspective for understand asynchronous development in sugarcane production, offering novel insights for breeding high-quality varieties.

Changes in Germination Parameters, Growth and Development of Three Cultivars of Corn Seedlings under Various Aqueous Extracts of Mallow

INTRODUCTION

Allelopathy related to a positive or negative impacts on one type of plant, by a chemical produced by another type of plant such as weeds, and different kinds of chemicals are hydroxamic acids, phenolics, and short-chain fatty acids. The potential allelopathic impacts of weeds is directly associated to the plan species used, as well as to the concentration of the aqueous extract available in the environment.

METHODS

The present research manuscript attempts to find and identify the allelopathic interaction of aquatic extracts from dry shoots and seeds of mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) on germination, seedling growth and development of three cultivars of maize. Maize seeds (Zea mays L.) were obtained as seed material: three maize seed cultivars were KSC 704 (Cultivar 1), KSC 500 (Cultivar 2), and KSC 302 (Cultivar 3). The aqueous extracts of mallow shoots and seed, in concentration of 1, 3, 5%, were made from the dried and crumbled above-ground plant parts. The influence of plant dosage was significant on seedling vigour index (SVI), coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG), total germination (T50), germination energy (GE), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), inhibition percentage (IP), fresh mass, dry mass, relative water content (RWC), and total water content (TWC). Different plant parts had meaningful influence on SVI, GI, MGT, CRG, GE, and IP. The impacts of cultivar on T50, IP, RWC, fresh mass, dry mass and TWC were significant. Along with the increase in the concentration of allelopathic components, a decrease in the germination activity of all tested maize cultivars was observed.

RESULTS

The highest SVI was related to control treatment followed by one and three percentage of plant dosages. KSC 704 obtained the maximum CRG and GE, and the minimum one was related to KSC 500. Three percentage of plant dosage has obtained the highest value of CRG and GE. The maximum and the minimum T50 was related to KSC 302 and KSC 704, respectively. The lowest values of GI and MGT was related to KSC 500, and the maximum values are related to KSC 704. While the maximum IP, RWC, fresh mass, dry mass and TWC was related to KSC 704, the lowest values were achieved in utilization of KSC 500. The RWC was the highest for seedlings grown on the 5% extract.

CONCLUSION

The information of this article can be useful in the conditions of the threat of maize seedlings wit the mass appearance of mallow.

Cryopreservation of human semen by inherently-controlled icing probability: Or how the surface profile of superhydrophobic carbon soot coatings and the sperm volume affect the outcome of slow freezing?

The restoration of initial functionality of human spermatozoa subjected to cryopreservation is challenging, because the deleterious intracellular icing and the occurrence of osmotic shocks due to prolonged exposure to increased concentrations of intracellular solutes are oppositely dependent on the cooling rate. This longstanding problem could be overcome if using superhydrophobic soot coatings delaying the heat transfer rate, reducing the ice formation probability and triggering balanced and timely dehydration of the cells, but the effect of their surface profile and sperm volume on the success rate of slow freezing is unclear. Here, we show for the first time that the two-factor freezing injury is entirely avoidable by tailoring the solid-to-gas voids (pores) fraction in the soot, leading to increased nucleation free energy barrier, presumable incipiency of ice crystals with controllable shape and size and hence, fully (100 %) recovered post-thaw sperm motility. It is demonstrated that the reason for such a unique scientific result is the selection of soot coatings with appropriate morphochemical features, hypothetically (not directly proven yet) inducing equilibrium among the solution composition and ice crystals formation, retarding the undesirable compression of liquid-filled "slush ice" channels surrounding the cytoplasm and impeding the ice recrystallization. The novel insights introduced in this article open endless horizon for customizing and revolutionizing the technical protocols in cryobiology.