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Pelligra T, Petrini D, Puccinelli C, Unti S, Citi S. Sonography of the pituitary gland in pet rats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:1081-1089. [PMID: 37907397 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary gland (PG) tumors are common in rats over the age of 2. CT and MRI can be difficult to apply in this species, whereas ultrasound is more feasible and useful. To our knowledge, there are no studies on PG ultrasound in rats. The aim of this prospective, analytical study was to evaluate the reliability of ultrasound in identifying PG, to define the ultrasound dimension of the gland in a group of rats with no evidence of pituitary diseases, and to examine its correlations with age, sex, and weight. After localizing the PG with an MRI study on one rat, the gland was identified in 21 rats by ultrasound by two sonographers using a ventral neck approach and a transversal scan with a linear probe. The gland appears as a hypoechoic oval structure with a thin hyperechoic margin. The rats (15 male and 6 female) ranged from 4 to 18 months in age (median 6 months) and from 270 to 640 g in weight (median 370 g). The median pituitary width was 3.96 mm (interquartile range 25-75%: 6-4.5 mm), and the median height was 1.48 mm (interquartile range 25-75%: 1.3-1.67 mm). There was no statistically significant correlation between PG size and rat weight, gender, or age. We believe that these ultrasound measurements could be useful for the diagnosis of pituitary disease, irrespective of whether neurological symptoms are present. We report a clinical case of a rat with a pituitary mass detected by ultrasound and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Pelligra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Petrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Puccinelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Unti
- Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole, Monsummano Terme, Italy
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Azevedo S, O’Malley B, Greene C, Moran H, Magalhães TR, Queiroga FL. Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Guinea Pigs: A 14-Year Retrospective Study (2004-2018). Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010112. [PMID: 36611721 PMCID: PMC9817880 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical records of all guinea pigs diagnosed with a lower urinary tract disease in a single veterinary hospital, over a period of 14 years (2004−2018), were retrospectively searched in order to characterize this population and investigate the potential association between the epidemiological and clinical variables. A total of 117 clinical cases were identified, corresponding to 57 animals. Urolithiasis was the most common diagnosis (n = 52; 44.4%), followed by cystitis and/or a urinary tract infection (UTI). Several statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between different variables, showing that female guinea pigs were more likely than the male ones to have a previous family history of urinary disease, to present dysuria and stranguria at admission, and to suffer recurrence. Moreover, males were more prone to urolithiasis and females to cystitis/UTI, and animals diagnosed with cystitis/UTI frequently had more clinical urinary signs and abdominal pain on palpation compared to those diagnosed with urolithiasis. Finally, the use of potassium citrate and the urethrotomy approach were associated with a better therapeutic response. Further studies are needed in larger populations of guinea pigs to confirm the present findings, especially as some of them were described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Azevedo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bairbre O’Malley
- Bairbre O’Malley Veterinary Hospital, 7 Kilmantain Place, A98 NY03 Bray, Ireland
| | - Claire Greene
- Bairbre O’Malley Veterinary Hospital, 7 Kilmantain Place, A98 NY03 Bray, Ireland
| | - Helena Moran
- Bairbre O’Malley Veterinary Hospital, 7 Kilmantain Place, A98 NY03 Bray, Ireland
| | - Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina Luísa Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Endocrine Diagnostics for Exotic Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2022; 25:631-661. [PMID: 36122944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disease in exotic species is less common than in small animals. Nevertheless, the diagnostic principles used in small animals can be adapted to evaluate endocrine disease in many of the exotic species although species-specific aspects need to be considered. This article covers important diseases such as thyroid dysfunction in reptiles and birds, hyperthyroidism in guinea pigs, and hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets. Glucose metabolism in neoplasms affecting normal physiology, such as insulinoma in ferrets and gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma in bearded dragons, is discussed. Calcium abnormalities, including metabolic bone disease in reptiles and hypocalcemia in birds, are also covered.
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Zaheer OA, Beaufrère H. Treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Martinez G, Lacoste R, Dumasy M, Garbit S, Brouillet S, Coutton C, Arnoult C, Druelle F, Molina-Vila P. Deslorelin acetate implant induces transient sterility and behavior changes in male olive baboon (Papio anubis): A case study. J Med Primatol 2020; 49:344-348. [PMID: 32524631 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case study evaluates the effects of a 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate implant on one male olive baboon (Papio anubis). Implantation induces transient azoospermia after which the subject was able to conceive again. Behavior was also impacted with a decrease in our proxies of aggressiveness and sexual arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, UM de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France.,Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, UMR5309, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marie Dumasy
- Station de Primatologie, UPS846, CNRS, Rousset, France
| | | | - Sophie Brouillet
- Centre Clinique et Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-CECOS, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, UM de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France.,Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, UMR5309, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, UMR5309, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - François Druelle
- Station de Primatologie, UPS846, CNRS, Rousset, France.,HNHP, UMR 7194, MNHN, Paris, France
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