Simple and surgical exodontia

Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs

To evaluate healing and complications of extraction sites closed with a simple interrupted pattern (SI) and a simple continuous (SC) suture pattern in a prospective randomized clinical trial. Greyhounds were selected from a rescue with a standardized environment and naturally occurring disease. Surgical extractions were performed (35 sites) and all mucogingival flaps were closed with 4-0 poliglecaprone 25 using either SI or SC randomly assigned by surgical site. Oral healing/dehiscence, suture inflammation, suture loss, accumulation of debris, presence/nature of discharge, necrotic tissue and adjacent contact ulceration were evaluated. Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical data and two-tail T tests used to compare continuous data. Results showed SC was faster to apply. No new dehiscence events were detected after Recheck 1. There was no significant difference for dehiscence scores between SI and SC. A trend was seen towards more major dehiscence in the SI group. This study concluded SC is an alternative to SI for closure of occlusal surfaces in the mouth. Mandibular canine tooth extraction sites were more likely to have a high dehiscence score than all other sites combined regardless of surgical technique.

Ocular Trauma Originating from within the Oral Cavity: Clinical Relevance and Histologic Findings in 10 Cases (2003-2013)

A variety of procedures involving the caudal oral cavity risk iatrogenic introduction of an instrument into the globe. The clinical and histologic features of 10 cases of ocular disease after dental procedures are reviewed. Eight dogs and 2 cats presented with clinical panophthalmitis 3-days to 6-weeks following dental procedures for which each animal underwent palliative and diagnostic enucleation. Histologic findings were consistent with contaminated, traumatic perforation and panophthalmitis. Traumatic panophthalmitis and its sequelae are painful conditions with poor prognoses. Suspected or confirmed cases of ocular injury at the time of dental procedures warrant immediate evaluation and aggressive intervention. This series emphasizes how profound damage can occur to the eye when instruments are not carefully and safely handled in the oral cavity.

Applied feline oral anatomy and tooth extraction techniques: an illustrated guide

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE

Tooth extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in small animal practice.

CLINICAL CHALLENGES

The clinician must be familiar with normal oral anatomy, utilize nomenclature accepted in dentistry and oral surgery, use the modified Triadan system for numbering teeth, identify normal structures on a dental radiograph, understand the tissues that hold the teeth in the jaws, know the biomechanical principles of tooth extraction, be able to choose the most appropriate instrument for removal of a tooth, extract teeth using closed and open techniques, and create tension-free flaps for closure of extraction sites.

AUDIENCE

This review is intended to familiarize both the general and referral practitioner with feline oral anatomy and tooth extraction techniques.

PATIENT GROUP

Tooth extraction is predominantly performed in cats with tooth resorption, chronic gingivostomatitis and periodontal disease.

EQUIPMENT

The basic contents of a feline tooth extraction kit are explained.

EVIDENCE BASE

The guidance contained within this review is based on a combination of the published literature, the authors' personal experience and the experience of colleagues.

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat

Mandibular brachygnathia was the etiology for moderate mandibular distoclusion and bilateral palatal canine cusp penetrations in a kitten. The course of treatment included deciduous canine tooth exodontia, tooth extensions, and ultimately, aligners that incorporated inclined planes fabricated from a thermoplastic sheet that was “indirectly” vacuum thermoformed over a dental model. The thin, flexible aligners fit over the rostral maxillary teeth and palate, and were retained by a snug fit on the slightly divergent maxillary canine teeth. Advantages over “directly” applied composite inclined planes include: serial gradations of angulations for more gradual tooth movement, elimination of dental trauma from composite adhesions and removals, owner-removable and cleanable appliances, and a single anesthetic event required for dental impressions. Five progressively angled aligners were used sequentially over a 3-month period to achieve atraumatic “clinical” neutroclusion of the rostral dentition.

Surgical Extractions for Periodontal Disease in a Western Lowland Gorilla

This case report describes the surgical extraction of multiple premolar and molar teeth in a Western Lowland gorilla. Postoperative photographs and radiographs indicated complete healing of the extraction sites. This case report includes a review of gorilla dental anatomy, oral disease in primates, pathogenesis of periodontal disease, predisposing factors to periodontal disease, and principles of surgical tooth extraction.